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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">ZxxzVB3YhnqsnnY7JTk4rzt</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2004000500011</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(04)08200511</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2004000500011</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Casos</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Dor tor&#225;cica por compress&#227;o atrial direita por timolipoma</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ramos Filho</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Macedo</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fiorelli</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Isolatto</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff01"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Atibaia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2004</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>82</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <fpage>481</fpage>
      <lpage>483</lpage>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2004</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Dor tor&#225;cica por compress&#227;o atrial direita por timolipoma</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Jos&#233; Ramos Filho; Ricardo F. Melo; Marcelo de Macedo; Luiz Ant&#244;nio Fiorelli; Alexandre Costa; Roberto B. Isolatto</bold>
    </p>
    <p> Universidade S&#227;o Francisco, Disciplina de Cardiologia - Atibaia, SP</p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <italic>Timolipomas s&#227;o tumores raros do mediastino constitu&#237;dos de tecido gorduroso e t&#237;mico, que podem atingir grandes propor&#231;&#245;es e se manifestar clinicamente atrav&#233;s de compress&#227;o a estruturas adjacentes. Seu comportamento &#233; benigno e o tratamento &#233; a excis&#227;o cir&#250;rgica. Relatamos o caso de um jovem h&#237;gido que apresentava precordialgia e dispn&#233;ia como principais sintomas de um timolipoma de aproximadamente 12cm comprimindo o &#225;trio direito.</italic>
    </p>
    <p>Timolipomas s&#227;o tumores infrequentes do mediastino anterior, compostos por associa&#231;&#227;o de tecidos adiposo, epitelial e linf&#243;ide do timo<sup>1</sup>. Foi descrito, primariamente, por Hall, em 1948, que estudou tumores compostos por c&#233;lulas adiposas e do timo<sup>2</sup>. Representam 2 a 9% de todas as neoplasias t&#237;micas e, at&#233; 1950, s&#243; havia registros de aproximadamente 50 casos<sup>3</sup>. N&#227;o foram descritos, nos &#250;ltimos anos, dados da literatura que atualizassem o n&#250;mero exato de casos existentes na atualidade, mas acredita-se que, com a melhora dos m&#233;todos diagn&#243;sticos e a relativa facilidade de acesso aos servi&#231;os m&#233;dicos, esse n&#250;mero seja consideravelmente maior. N&#227;o se observa nenhum predom&#237;nio de sexo e o tumor pode surgir em qualquer idade, embora surjam mais freq&#252;entes em indiv&#237;duos jovens do sexo masculino<sup>4</sup>.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato do Caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Paciente do sexo masculino, de 21 anos de idade, natural do interior do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo, com hist&#243;ria de dor tor&#225;cica, de in&#237;cio, h&#225; aproximadamente uma semana, do tipo peso, cont&#237;nua, localizada na regi&#227;o precordial, mal definida, sem irradia&#231;&#227;o, com melhora parcial e tempor&#225;ria com o uso de dipirona e piora, de acordo com determinadas posi&#231;&#245;es assumidas pelo paciente, como o dec&#250;bito dorsal. Apresentava concomitante dispn&#233;ia aos leves/moderados esfor&#231;os e, tamb&#233;m, durante &#224; noite, ao se deitar, impossibilitando-o de dormir, bem como sintomas disp&#233;pticos, como epigastralgia do tipo queima&#231;&#227;o, que piorava ap&#243;s ingest&#227;o alimentar, astenia e inapet&#234;ncia.</p>
    <p>Como antecedentes n&#227;o apresentava outras doen&#231;as, como hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes mellitus, tabagismo, etilismo ou uso de drogas. Sem antecedentes de cardiopatia na fam&#237;lia.</p>
    <p>Ao exame f&#237;sico encontrava-se em bom estado geral, corado, hidratado, acian&#243;tico, anict&#233;rico, eupn&#233;ico, afebril, sem turg&#234;ncia jugular, sem edema perif&#233;rico. Press&#227;o arterial: 140x100mmHg. Freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca: 120 bmp. Pulsos palp&#225;veis sim&#233;tricos, r&#237;tmicos, sem altera&#231;&#245;es de perfus&#227;o perif&#233;rica. <italic>&#205;ctus cordis</italic> localizado no 5&#186; espa&#231;o intercostal esquerdo, ao n&#237;vel da linha hemiclavicular esquerda, de aproximadamente duas polpas digitais. Bulhas card&#237;acas normofon&#233;ticas sem sopros. &#192; ausculta pulmonar, murm&#250;rio vesicular presente bilateralmente sem ru&#237;dos advent&#237;cios. Abdome plano, fl&#225;cido com ru&#237;dos hidro-a&#233;reos presentes, indolor &#224; palpa&#231;&#227;o, sem visceromegalias.</p>
    <p>Os exames bioqu&#237;mico e eletrocardiograma n&#227;o evidenciaram altera&#231;&#245;es. &#192; radiografia de t&#243;rax, observava-se discreto aumento da &#225;rea card&#237;aca e les&#227;o expansiva no mediastino &#226;ntero-inferior, sem solu&#231;&#227;o de continuidade com a imagem card&#237;aca (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1">fig.1</xref>). O esofagograma n&#227;o evidenciou sinais de compress&#227;o extr&#237;nseca do es&#244;fago. Foi realizada endoscopia digestiva alta que demonstrou apenas gastrite antral enantematosa leve.</p>
    <fig id="fig1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-05-0481-00011-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>O estudo ecodopplercardiogr&#225;fico transtor&#225;cico mostrou discreta compress&#227;o extr&#237;nseca da regi&#227;o &#226;ntero-lateral do &#225;trio direito e o ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico confirmou tal compress&#227;o, sem repercuss&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas significativas, com a presen&#231;a de discreto refluxo sist&#243;lico (escape) valvar tric&#250;spide (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2">fig. 2</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig2">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-05-0481-00011-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Como complemento da investiga&#231;&#227;o, o paciente foi submetido &#224; tomografia computadorizada de t&#243;rax, realizada com cortes axiais de 5 e 10mm de espessura, ap&#243;s infus&#227;o intravenosa de contraste, que revelou a presen&#231;a de les&#227;o expansiva com coeficiente de atenua&#231;&#227;o de gordura, de contornos regulares e precisos, localizada no mediastino anterior &#224; direita, desviando de forma discreta o &#225;trio direito posteriormente, medindo: 12,0 x 7,4 x 9,6 cm, sugerindo timolipoma ou lipoma peric&#225;rdico (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3">fig. 3</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig3">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-05-0481-00011-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>Com estas hip&#243;teses, o paciente foi encaminhado para tratamento cir&#250;rgico, realizada toracotomia com excis&#227;o completa da massa tumoral, pesando, aproximadamente, 580g, sem evid&#234;ncias de met&#225;stases macrosc&#243;picas regionais, com posterior confirma&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica atrav&#233;s do exame an&#225;tomo-patol&#243;gico de timolipoma (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4">fig. 4</xref>).</p>
    <fig id="fig4">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-05-0481-00011-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>N&#227;o se conhece a natureza exata do timolipoma<sup>5</sup>. Inicialmente, acreditava-se que as les&#245;es representavam lipomas no interior do timo, o que n&#227;o foi confirmado, dada &#224; exist&#234;ncia de significativo incremento na quantidade do tecido t&#237;mico, propriamente dito <sup>1,5</sup>. Tamb&#233;m se prop&#244;s que esses tumores constituir-se-iam de uma combina&#231;&#227;o de lipoma e timoma, e que o predom&#237;nio de tecido adiposo poder-se-ia refletir uma involu&#231;&#227;o normal do &#243;rg&#227;o. Entretanto, o aspecto normal do tecido t&#237;mico contesta a afirma&#231;&#227;o. Por fim, outra hip&#243;tese postula que esses tumores come&#231;ariam com uma hiperplasia t&#237;mica verdadeira (ou seja, um aumento da quantidade de tecido normal do timo), que, posteriormente, degeneraria para tecido gorduroso <sup>1,5</sup>.</p>
    <p>Macroscopicamente, os timolipomas s&#227;o de cor amarela, consist&#234;ncia suave e com uma configura&#231;&#227;o bilobulada, fazendo-os assemelhar-se muito &#224; gl&#226;ndula t&#237;mica normal<sup>1</sup>. Em geral, s&#227;o grandes e podem alcan&#231;ar volumes enormes. Em 68% dos casos publicados, esses tumores pesavam mais de 500g, sendo que em 23% superaram 2.000g. O maior tumor descrito pesava mais de 12.000g <sup>3,6</sup>.</p>
    <p>Histologicamente consistem em tecido adiposo adulto em meio a tecido t&#237;mico normal<sup>5</sup>. Nos casos t&#237;picos, n&#227;o se observam n&#250;cleos germinativos, como nos casos detectados na hiperplasia do timo <sup>4,5</sup>.</p>
    <p>Os timomas pequenos n&#227;o apresentam particularidades radiol&#243;gicas que permitam diferenci&#225;-los de outras massas mediastinais anteriores. Entretanto, como j&#225; mencionado, costumam ter grandes tamanhos e, devido a sua consist&#234;ncia, tendem a descender acima do diafragma. Os tumores se adaptam ao contorno diafragm&#225;tico, situando-se em uma posi&#231;&#227;o inferior e deixando o mediastino superior relativamente desocupado<sup>2</sup>. Seu conte&#250;do, &#224;s vezes ajuda na diferencia&#231;&#227;o de outras massas do mediastino devido a sua r&#225;dio- lucidez relativa, caracter&#237;stica que, em algumas situa&#231;&#245;es, &#233; observada &#224; radiografia de t&#243;rax, mas identificado claramente &#224; tomografia<sup>7</sup>.</p>
    <p>Timomas tipicamente causam poucos sintomas, a n&#227;o ser quando atingem grandes dimens&#245;es. Assim, essas les&#245;es podem ser descobertas ocasionalmente durante exames de imagem, em pacientes completamente assintom&#225;ticos.</p>
    <p>No nosso relato, os sintomas de dor tor&#225;cica e dispn&#233;ia ocorreram tipicamente pela caracter&#237;stica compressiva do tumor, de volume significativo que, comprimindo o &#225;trio direito, causasse altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas n&#227;o s&#243; alterando os fluxos venosos na entrada do &#225;trio direito e valvar tric&#250;spide, como tamb&#233;m provocando modifica&#231;&#245;es no fluxo de reserva coronariana, o que certamente pode ter contribu&#237;do para os sintomas de dor tor&#225;cica e dispn&#233;ia apresentados pelo paciente. Esses sintomas poderiam ser, inclusive, agravados pelo grau de compress&#227;o do tumor no cora&#231;&#227;o, uma vez que costumavam piorar com determinadas posi&#231;&#245;es adotadas pelo paciente.</p>
    <p>Existem publica&#231;&#245;es de casos raros onde se encontram associa&#231;&#245;es com <italic>myasthenia</italic> <italic>gravis</italic><sup>8,9</sup>, anemia apl&#225;sica<sup>10</sup>, doen&#231;a de Graves, hipoplasia eritroc&#237;tica e hipogamaglobulinemia<sup>8</sup>. O comportamento desses tumores costuma ser benigno e n&#227;o s&#227;o relatadas recorr&#234;ncias ap&#243;s a ressec&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>O principal objetivo do cl&#237;nico deve ser, portanto, o diagn&#243;stico precoce, o que s&#243; ser&#225; poss&#237;vel se houver alto grau de suspeita cl&#237;nica e racioc&#237;nio fisiopatol&#243;gico, uma vez que os indiv&#237;duos costumam ser jovens, oligossintom&#225;ticos e, muitas vezes, sem fatores de risco conhecidos para doen&#231;a cardiovascular. Assim, lembramos da import&#226;ncia de se atentar na pesquisa de tumores do mediastino, como diagn&#243;stico diferencial dos pacientes com dor tor&#225;cica.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Refer&#234;ncias</bold>
    </p>
    <p>1. Haynes BF. Human thymic epithelium and T cell development: Current issues and future directions. Thymus 1990; 16: 143.</p>
    <p>2. Hall GFM. A case of thymolipoma with observations on a possible relationship to intrathoracic lipoma. Br J Surg 1948; 36: 321-4.</p>
    <p>3. Teplick JG, Nedwich A, Haskin ME. Roentgenographic features of thymolipoma. Am J Roentgenol 1973; 117: 873.</p>
    <p>4. Levine S, Labiche H, Chandor S. Thymolipoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1968; 98: 875.</p>
    <p>5. Rosai J, Levine GD. Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Tumors of the Thymus. Second Series, Fascicle 13. Washington DC, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1976.</p>
    <p>6. Marchevsky AM, Kaneko M. Surgical Pathology of the Mediastinum. 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. New York: Raven, 1992; 151-54.</p>
    <p>7. Yeh HC, Gordon a, Kirschner PA, et al. Computed tomography and sonography of thymolipoma. Am J Roentgenol 1983; 131: 40.</p>
    <p>8. Reintgen D, Fetter BF, Roses A, et al. Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1978; 102: 463.</p>
    <p>9. Otto HF, L&#246;ning T, Lachenmayer L, et al. Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis. Cancer 1982; 50: 1623.</p>
    <p>10. Barnes RDS, O'Gorman P. Two cases of aplastic anaemia associated with tumours of the thymus. J Clin Pathol 1962; 15: 264.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="back10" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</bold>
        </label>
        <p>Jos&#233; Ramos Filho </p>
        <p> Rua Rui Barbosa, 29 </p>
        <p> 12940-000 - Atibaia, SP </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="joseramos@cardiol.br">joseramos@cardiol.br</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido para Publica&#231;&#227;o em 30/12/02 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 31/3/03</p>
  </body>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Reports</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Chest pain due to right atrial compression caused by a thymolipoma</article-title>
      </title-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>CASE REPORT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Chest pain due to right atrial compression caused by a thymolipoma</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Jos&#233; Ramos Filho; Ricardo F. Melo; Marcelo de Macedo; Luiz Ant&#244;nio Fiorelli; Alexandre Costa; Roberto B. Isolatto</bold>
      </p>
      <p> Universidade S&#227;o Francisco, Discipline of Cardiology - Atibaia, SP - Brazil</p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="back10-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <italic>Thymolipomas are rare tumors of the mediastinum constituted by fatty and thymic tissues. They may reach large dimensions and manifest themselves clinically by compression of adjacent structures. Their behavior is benign and the treatment is surgical excision. We report the case of a healthy, young individual, who complained of precordialgia and dyspnea as the major symptoms of a thymolipoma of approximately 12 cm compressing the right atrium.</italic>
      </p>
      <p>Thymolipomas are rare tumors of the anterior mediastinum formed by the association of fatty, epithelial, and lymphoid tissues of the thymus <sup>1</sup>. They were first described by Hall in 1948 in a study on tumors composed of fat and thymic cells <sup>2</sup>. They represent 2 to 9% of all thymic neoplasias, and, up to 1950, only approximately 50 cases had been reported <sup>3</sup>. In recent years, no update on the exact number of current cases has been published, but with the improvement in diagnostic methods and the relative ease of access to medical services, this number is believed to be considerably greater. Although no sexual predominance has been observed, and the tumor may appear at any age, they are more frequently found in young individuals of the male sex <sup>4</sup>.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patient was a 21-year-old male from inner S&#227;o Paulo State, who complained of chest pain for approximately 1 week. The pain was characterized as a continuous ill-defined weight located in the precordial region, with no irradiation, which improved partially and temporarily with the use of dipyrone, and got worse with certain positions of the patient, such as the dorsal decubitus. The patient also complained of the following: dyspnea on mild to moderate exertion, and also at night, when lying down, which made it impossible for him to sleep; dyspeptic symptoms, such as epigastralgia of the burning type, which got worse after food ingestion, asthenia, and loss of appetite.</p>
      <p>The patient reported no other pathologic antecedents, such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcoholism, or use of drugs. He also denied heart diseases in the family.</p>
      <p>On physical examination, the patient was hydrated, acyanotic, anicteric, eupneic, afebrile, with healthy coloring, in regular general condition, and had neither jugular venous distension nor peripheral edema. His blood pressure was 140/100 mmHg and his heart rate was 120 bpm. His pulses were palpable, symmetric, rhythmic, with no changes in peripheral perfusion. The ictus cordis was located on the fifth left intercostal space, at the level of the left midclavicular line, and had approximately 2 digital pulps. The cardiac sounds had normal intensity and no cardiac murmur was heard. On pulmonary auscultation, the respiratory sounds were present bilaterally, and no rales were heard. The abdomen was flat, flaccid with hydro-aerial noises, not tender on palpation, and no visceromegaly was observed.</p>
      <p>The biochemical tests and electrocardiogram showed no changes. On chest radiography, a mild enlargement of the cardiac area was observed with an expanding lesion in the anteroinferior mediastinum, in continuity with the cardiac image (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig1-body2">fig.1</xref>). The esophagogram showed no signs of extrinsic compression of the esophagus. Upper digestive endoscopy showed only a mild enanthematous antral gastritis.</p>
      <fig id="fig1-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-05-0481-00011-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Transthoracic echodopplercardiography showed a mild extrinsic compression of the anterolateral region of the right atrium. The transesophageal echocardiogram confirmed this compression with no significant hemodynamic repercussions, and the presence of a mild systolic reflux (escape) in the tricuspid valve (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig2-body2">fig. 2</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig2-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-05-0481-00011-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>To complement the investigation, the patient underwent chest computed tomography performed with 5- and 10-mm-thick axial sections after intravenous infusion of contrast medium. The tomography revealed the presence of an expanding lesion with a fat attenuation coefficient, regular and precise contours, located in the anterior mediastinum to the right, slightly deviating from the right atrium posteriorly. The lesion measured 12.0 x 7.4 x 9.6 cm and was suggestive of thymolipoma or pericardial lipoma (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig3-body2">fig. 3</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig3-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-05-0481-00011-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>With these hypotheses, the patient was referred for surgical treatment. Thoracotomy provided complete excision of the tumoral mass, which weighed approximately 580 g. No regional macroscopic metastases were evident, and later anatomicopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of thymolipoma (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig4-body2">fig. 4</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="fig4-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-05-0481-00011-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The exact nature of thymolipoma is unknown <sup>5</sup>. Initially, the lesions were believed to represent lipomas inside the thymus, which was not confirmed because of the existence of a significant increase in the amount of thymic tissue itself <sup>1,5</sup>. These tumors were also thought to be a combination of lipoma and thymoma, and the predominance of fatty tissue could represent a normal involution of the organ. However, the normal appearance of the thymic tissue refutes this affirmation. Finally, another hypothesis postulates that these tumors begin as a true thymic hyperplasia (ie, an increase in the amount of normal thymic tissue), which, later, degenerates to fatty tissue <sup>1,5</sup>.</p>
      <p>Grossly, thymolipomas are yellow, have a soft consistency and a bilobular configuration, which makes them very similar to the normal thymic gland <sup>1</sup>. They are usually large and may become huge masses. In 68% of the cases published, these tumors weighed more than 500 g, and, in 23% of the cases, they exceeded 2,000 g. The largest tumor described weighed more than 12,000 g <sup>3,10</sup>.</p>
      <p>Microscopically, they are formed by adult fatty tissue intermingled with normal thymic tissue <sup>5</sup>. In typical cases, germinal centers are not observed, as in the cases detected with thymic hyperplasia <sup>4,5</sup>.</p>
      <p>Small thymomas have no radiological particularities that allow their differentiation from other anterior mediastinal masses. However, as already mentioned, those tumors are usually large, and, due to their consistency, they tend to descend to the diaphragm. The tumors adapt to the diaphragmatic contour, being situated in an inferior position, and leaving the superior mediastinum relatively free <sup>2</sup>. Sometimes the content of the tumors may help in differentiating them from other mediastinal masses due to their relative radiolucency, a characteristic that, on some occasions, may be observed on chest radiography, but is more clearly identified on tomography <sup>7</sup>.</p>
      <p>Typically, thymomas cause few symptoms, unless they reach large dimensions. Thus, these lesions may be occasionally discovered during imaging examinations in completely asymptomatic patients.</p>
      <p>In our patient, the symptoms of chest pain and dyspnea occurred typically because of the compressive characteristic of the tumor, which, due to its significant volume, compressed the right atrium, causing hemodynamic alterations. These hemodynamic alterations not only changed the venous flows at the entrance of the right atrium and tricuspid valve, but also caused changes in the coronary reserve flow, which may certainly have contributed to the symptoms of chest pain and dyspnea of the patient. These symptoms may also have been aggravated by the degree of heart compression of the tumor, because they used to worsen with certain positions adopted by the patient.</p>
      <p>Rare cases have been reported on the association with myasthenia gravis <sup>8,9</sup>, aplastic anemia <sup>10</sup>, Graves' disease, erythrocytic hypoplasia, and hypogammaglobulinemia <sup>8</sup>. The behavior of these tumors is usually benign, and no recurrences have been reported after resection.</p>
      <p>Early diagnosis should be the major objective of the clinician. This will only be possible if a high degree of clinical suspicion and a pathophysiological perspective exist, because the patients are usually young, oligosymptomatic, and, many times, have no known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of considering mediastinal tumors as a differential diagnosis of patients with chest pain.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p>1. Haynes BF. Human thymic epithelium and T cell development: Current issues and future directions. Thymus 1990; 16: 143.</p>
      <p>2. Hall GFM. A case of thymolipoma with observations on a possible relationship to intrathoracic lipoma. Br J Surg 1948; 36: 321-4.</p>
      <p>3. Teplick JG, Nedwich A, Haskin ME. Roentgenographic features of thymolipoma. Am J Roentgenol 1973; 117: 873.</p>
      <p>4. Levine S, Labiche H, Chandor S. Thymolipoma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1968; 98: 875.</p>
      <p>5. Rosai J, Levine GD. Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Tumors of the Thymus. Second Series, Fascicle 13. Washington DC, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 1976.</p>
      <p>6. Marchevsky AM, Kaneko M. Surgical Pathology of the Mediastinum. 2<sup>nd</sup> ed. New York: Raven, 1992; 151-54.</p>
      <p>7. Yeh HC, Gordon a, Kirschner PA, et al. Computed tomography and sonography of thymolipoma. Am J Roentgenol 1983; 131: 40.</p>
      <p>8. Reintgen D, Fetter BF, Roses A, et al. Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1978; 102: 463.</p>
      <p>9. Otto HF, L&#246;ning T, Lachenmayer L, et al. Thymolipoma in association with myasthenia gravis. Cancer 1982; 50: 1623.</p>
      <p>10. Barnes RDS, O'Gorman P. Two cases of aplastic anaemia associated with tumours of the thymus. J Clin Pathol 1962; 15: 264.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="back10-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p>Correspondence to</p>
          <p> Jos&#233; Ramos Filho </p>
          <p> Rua Rui Barbosa, 29</p>
          <p> 12940-000 &#150; Atibaia, SP, Brazil</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="joseramos@cardiol.br">joseramos@cardiol.br</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received: 12/30/02</p>
      <p> Accepted: 3/31/03</p>
      <p>English version by Stela Maris Costalonga</p>
      <p>Recebido para Publica&#231;&#227;o em 30/12/02 </p>
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