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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" specific-use="sps-1.9" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="pt" article-type="case-report">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brazil</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v3">4tm5YDBLzLBrPW5JrVSLf6r</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00009</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v2">S0066-782X2004000300009</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id" specific-use="scielo-v1">S0066-782X(04)08200309</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0066-782X2004000300009</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mixoma de &#225;trio esquerdo: avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica tridimensional</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vieira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo L.C.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ianni</surname>
            <given-names>B&#225;rbara M.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mady</surname>
            <given-names>Charles</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Encinas</surname>
            <given-names>Javier</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pommerantzeff</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo M. A.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fernandes</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo P.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Leal</surname>
            <given-names>Samira B.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mathias Jr</surname>
            <given-names>Wilson</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; L.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ramires</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; A. F.</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff01">
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">FM </institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
      </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2004</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>82</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>281</fpage>
      <lpage>283</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2003</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2002</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <p>Mulher de 70 anos, com antecedentes de diabetes mellitus e hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, em acompanhamento ambulatorial por anemia cr&#244;nica ap&#243;s cirurgia corretiva de angiodisplasia de jejuno proximal, apresentou imagem de mixoma em &#225;trio esquerdo em exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico transtor&#225;cico de rotina. Foi submetida a investiga&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica transesof&#225;gica multiplanar e a estudo ecocardiogr&#225;fico tridimensional. O ecocardiograma tridimensional propiciou melhor detalhamento anat&#244;mico da tumora&#231;&#227;o. A paciente foi submetida a ex&#233;rese da massa, com confirma&#231;&#227;o anatomopatol&#243;gica. O ecocardiograma tridimensional mostrou ser t&#233;cnica que apresenta contribui&#231;&#227;o adicional &#224; investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica das cardiopatias estruturais.</p>
      </abstract>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2004</year>
      </pub-date>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>RELATO DE CASO</bold> CASE REPORT</p>
    <p>Mixoma de &#225;trio esquerdo. Avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica tridimensional </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Left atrial myxoma. Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment</bold>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Marcelo L.C.Vieira; B&#225;rbara M. Ianni; Charles Mady; Javier Encinas; Pablo M. A. Pommerantzeff; Paulo P. Fernandes; Samira B. Leal; Wilson Mathias Jr; Jos&#233; L. Andrade; Jos&#233; A. F. Ramires </bold>
    </p>
    <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - FMUSP </p>
    <p>
      <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end">Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</xref>
    </p>
    <p>
      <bold>RESUMO</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mulher de 70 anos, com antecedentes de diabetes mellitus e hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, em acompanhamento ambulatorial por anemia cr&#244;nica ap&#243;s cirurgia corretiva de angiodisplasia de jejuno proximal, apresentou imagem de mixoma em &#225;trio esquerdo em exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico transtor&#225;cico de rotina. Foi submetida a investiga&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica transesof&#225;gica multiplanar e a estudo ecocardiogr&#225;fico tridimensional. O ecocardiograma tridimensional propiciou melhor detalhamento anat&#244;mico da tumora&#231;&#227;o. A paciente foi submetida a ex&#233;rese da massa, com confirma&#231;&#227;o anatomopatol&#243;gica. O ecocardiograma tridimensional mostrou ser t&#233;cnica que apresenta contribui&#231;&#227;o adicional &#224; investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica das cardiopatias estruturais. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
    </p>
    <p>The patient was a 70-year-old female with antecedents of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, being followed up in the outpatient care clinic due to chronic anemia after corrective surgery for angiodysplasia of the proximal jejunum, in whom an image suggestive of left atrial myxoma was found on routine transthoracic echocardiography. Then multiplanar transesophageal echocardiography and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed, showing the latter better anatomical details of the tumor. The patient underwent exeresis of the mass with anatomicopathological confirmation of the tumor. Three-dimensional echocardiography proved to be a technique that can provide additional contributions to the diagnostic investigation of structural heart diseases. </p>
    <p>O mixoma de &#225;trio esquerdo caracteriza-se por ser o tumor card&#237;aco prim&#225;rio mais comum<sup>1</sup>, encontrado de forma ocasional em exames de rotina em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos. Poucos casos foram descritos na literatura, demonstrando as imagens ecocardiogr&#225;ficas tridimensionais de mixomas de &#225;trio esquerdo<sup>2-4</sup>. Relatamos o caso de paciente apresentando mixoma de &#225;trio esquerdo em que o ecocardiograma tridimensional mostrou-se &#250;til no detalhamento anat&#244;mico da tumora&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Relato de caso</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Mulher de 70 anos, cor branca, com hist&#243;ria pregressa de diabetes mellitus e hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, em acompanhamento ambulatorial por anemia cr&#244;nica ap&#243;s cirurgia corretiva de angiodisplasia de jejuno proximal, com queixa de dispn&#233;ia aos grandes esfor&#231;os, apresentou imagem de massa em &#225;trio esquerdo ap&#243;s exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico transtor&#225;cico de rotina. No momento da interna&#231;&#227;o, a paciente apresentava-se em bom estado geral, mucosas hipocoradas ++/4, afebril, com press&#227;o arterial de 140x90 mmHg, freq&#252;&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de 82 bpm, 16 incurs&#245;es respirat&#243;rias/min. &#192; ausculta card&#237;aca evidenciava a presen&#231;a de sopro diast&#243;lico ++/4 e sopro sist&#243;lico +/4 em &#225;rea mitral. O exame dos sistemas respirat&#243;rio, neurol&#243;gico e do abdome era normal. Os exames laboratoriais encontravam-se dentro da normalidade. O eletrocardiograma demonstrava ritmo sinusal, com altera&#231;&#245;es inespec&#237;ficas da repolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular. O ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico foi repetido 5 dias ap&#243;s a primeira investiga&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica e confirmou a presen&#231;a de massa em &#225;trio esquerdo com densidade homog&#234;nea, contornos irregulares, bastante m&#243;vel, medindo 5,9 cm x 3,2 cm, com movimento diast&#243;lico atrav&#233;s da valva mitral em dire&#231;&#227;o ao ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01">fig. 1</xref>). Observou-se gradiente transvalvar mitral (m&#233;dio) de 5 mmHg. A fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda encontrava-se dentro da normalidade. A paciente foi submetida a investiga&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica transesof&#225;gica multiplanar, que confirmou os achados do estudo transtor&#225;cico e acrescentou detalhamento anat&#244;mico com rela&#231;&#227;o a multilobula&#231;&#227;o da massa e a sua inser&#231;&#227;o no septo interatrial (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02">fig. 2</xref>). Durante a realiza&#231;&#227;o do exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico transesof&#225;gico foram obtidas imagens para a reconstru&#231;&#227;o tridimensional (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03">fig. 3</xref>). Em seguida, foi realizada cineangiocoronariografia que demonstrou irregularidades em art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias. A paciente foi submetida a ressec&#231;&#227;o da tumora&#231;&#227;o, tendo sido encontrada massa nodular em &#225;trio esquerdo, de consist&#234;ncia el&#225;stica, colora&#231;&#227;o viol&#225;cea e cinza-amarelada, com ped&#237;culo de fixa&#231;&#227;o em septo interatrial, medindo 5 cm x 5 cm x 3 cm, pesando 32 g (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04">fig. 4</xref>). O exame histol&#243;gico revelou tratar-se de mixoma. A paciente apresentou boa evolu&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria, com alta hospitalar 8 dias ap&#243;s o ato cir&#250;rgico.</p>
    <fig id="fig01">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-03-0281-00009-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig02">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-03-0281-00009-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig03">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-03-0281-00009-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
    <fig id="fig04">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-03-0281-00009-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
    <p>A aquisi&#231;&#227;o de imagens para o exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico tridimensional foi realizada com o emprego de transdutor transesof&#225;gico multiplanar, segundo t&#233;cnica convencional, utilizando-se sistema de ecocardiografia comercialmente dispon&#237;vel de fabrica&#231;&#227;o da empresa Philips (modelo Sonos 5500), Andover, MA, EUA. As imagens transesof&#225;gicas multiplanares bidimensionais foram obtidas nos planos longitudinal e transversal, 4 c&#226;maras, 2 c&#226;maras, com visibiliza&#231;&#227;o do septo interatrial e da jun&#231;&#227;o mitro-a&#243;rtica, e no plano g&#225;strico longitudinal. A aquisi&#231;&#227;o das imagens foi realizada com o emprego da varredura ecocardiogr&#225;fica bidimensional multiplanar de 0&#186; a 180&#186; a cada 3 graus, associada a sistema de capta&#231;&#227;o determinada pela varia&#231;&#227;o respirat&#243;ria do paciente, captada a partir do sinal eletrocardiogr&#225;fico e da varia&#231;&#227;o de imped&#226;ncia do t&#243;rax do paciente durante o movimento respirat&#243;rio, e integrada em programa de computador desenvolvido pela Philips. As imagens foram registradas e armazenadas em disco &#243;ptico e, em seguida, transferidas para o sistema de reconstru&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise tridimensional de mapeamento volum&#233;trico, comercialmente dispon&#237;vel, de fabrica&#231;&#227;o da empresa <italic>TomTec Imaging Systems Corp., </italic>modelo<italic> TomTec compact 3D, Omniview package, Boulder, CO, </italic>EUA. A an&#225;lise ecocardiogr&#225;fica tridimensional foi efetuada nos planos coronal, sagital e transversal da estrutura analisada, com o acr&#233;scimo dos planos paralelos e dos planos diagonais. O tempo total para a realiza&#231;&#227;o da imagem tridimensional foi de 35min, com 3min para a aquisi&#231;&#227;o da imagem, 2min para a transfer&#234;ncia da informa&#231;&#227;o do disco &#243;ptico para a esta&#231;&#227;o de trabalho, e 30min para a adequa&#231;&#227;o e reconstru&#231;&#227;o da imagem. </p>
    <p>
      <bold>Discuss&#227;o</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A ecocardiografia tridimensional foi desenvolvida na d&#233;cada de 70, como m&#233;todo de mensura&#231;&#227;o do volume ventricular<sup>5</sup>. Para esta finalidade utilizava-se an&#225;lise laboriosa das imagens obtidas atrav&#233;s de exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico transtor&#225;cico bidimensional. Essa metodologia apresentava dificuldades, imprecis&#245;es e inadequa&#231;&#245;es. A evolu&#231;&#227;o da t&#233;cnica levou ao emprego de bra&#231;o mec&#226;nico para o mapeamento ultra-s&#244;nico, depois, ao emprego de apoio eletromagn&#233;tico, ao mapeamento em paralelo, ao mapeamento em varredura rotacional e, mais recentemente, ainda em fase de desenvolvimento, ao mapeamento volum&#233;trico em tempo real<sup>5-7</sup>,o que propiciou a progressiva melhora da qualidade das imagens obtidas. A ecocardiografia tridimensional, empregando transdutores transesof&#225;gicos e a tecnologia digital, possibilitou a melhor defini&#231;&#227;o estrutural card&#237;aca, sendo empregada na avalia&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria e na sala cir&#250;rgica, como apoio diagn&#243;stico para o tratamento cir&#250;rgico de massas card&#237;acas, das valvopatias mitral, a&#243;rtica e tricusp&#237;dea, e das cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas, como a corre&#231;&#227;o de defeitos do septo interatrial, defeitos do septo interventricular e do cor triatriatum<sup>5-8</sup>. No caso relatado, a reconstru&#231;&#227;o tridimensional confirmou a informa&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica transesof&#225;gica e permitiu o melhor detalhamento anat&#244;mico da massa, em rela&#231;&#227;o ao seu ped&#237;culo de fixa&#231;&#227;o no septo interatrial, trazendo maior proximidade entre os achados dos exames de imagem e a realidade anatomocir&#250;rgica.</p>
    <p>Relatamos o caso de uma paciente com mixoma de &#225;trio esquerdo em que a reconstru&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica tridimensional propiciou melhor detalhamento anat&#244;mico, trazendo maior seguran&#231;a &#224; equipe cir&#250;rgica para a realiza&#231;&#227;o da ex&#233;rese da massa. A reconstru&#231;&#227;o tridimensional confirmou os achados transesof&#225;gicos e permitiu a melhor identifica&#231;&#227;o espacial da massa em rela&#231;&#227;o ao septo interatrial. O emprego da t&#233;cnica ecocardiogr&#225;fica tridimensional, na atual pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, apresenta potencial utilidade na identifica&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica das cardiopatias estruturais. A sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o rotineira certamente est&#225; relacionada ao prosseguimento do desenvolvimento dos programas de computa&#231;&#227;o, &#224; maior proximidade do cardiologista com o m&#233;todo e &#224; rela&#231;&#227;o custo/benef&#237;cio.</p>
    <p>
      <bold>Agradecimentos</bold>
    </p>
    <p>&#192; Sra Cristiane Moreira e ao Dr Manuel Fontes, da Philips Medical Systems Ltda., e ao Sr Luis Alberto Bustamante, da empresa TomTec Imaging Systems Corp., pelo suporte t&#233;cnico.</p>
    <p>
      <fn id="end" fn-type="corresp">
        <label>
          <bold>Endere&#231;o para correspond&#234;ncia</bold>
        </label>
        <p> Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira </p>
        <p> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o </p>
        <p> Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 </p>
        <p> S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil </p>
        <p> Cep 05403-000 </p>
        <p> E-mail: </p>
        <p>
          <email xlink:href="mlcvieira@aol.com">mlcvieira@aol.com</email>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </p>
    <p>Recebido para publica&#231;&#227;o em 11/11/02 </p>
    <p> Aceito em 24/02/03</p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Left atrial myxoma: three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The patient was a 70-year-old female with antecedents of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, being followed up in the outpatient care clinic due to chronic anemia after corrective surgery for angiodysplasia of the proximal jejunum, in whom an image suggestive of left atrial myxoma was found on routine transthoracic echocardiography. Then multiplanar transesophageal echocardiography and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed, showing the latter better anatomical details of the tumor. The patient underwent exeresis of the mass with anatomicopathological confirmation of the tumor. Three-dimensional echocardiography proved to be a technique that can provide additional contributions to the diagnostic investigation of structural heart diseases.</p>
      </abstract>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold> CASE REPORT </bold>RELATO DE CASO</p>
      <p>Left atrial myxoma. Three-dimensional echocardiographic assessment </p>
      <p>
        <bold> Marcelo L.C.Vieira; B&#225;rbara M. Ianni; Charles Mady; Javier Encinas; Pablo M. A. Pommerantzeff; Paulo P. Fernandes; Samira B. Leal; Wilson Mathias Jr; Jos&#233; L. Andrade; Jos&#233; A. F. Ramires </bold>
      </p>
      <p>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - FMUSP </p>
      <p>
        <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="end-body2">Correspondence</xref>
      </p>
      <p>
        <bold>ABSTRACT</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The patient was a 70-year-old female with antecedents of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, being followed up in the outpatient care clinic due to chronic anemia after corrective surgery for angiodysplasia of the proximal jejunum, in whom an image suggestive of left atrial myxoma was found on routine transthoracic echocardiography. Then multiplanar transesophageal echocardiography and 3-dimensional echocardiography were performed, showing the latter better anatomical details of the tumor. The patient underwent exeresis of the mass with anatomicopathological confirmation of the tumor. Three-dimensional echocardiography proved to be a technique that can provide additional contributions to the diagnostic investigation of structural heart diseases. </p>
      <p>Left atrial myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor <sup>1</sup>, occasionally found on routine examinations of asymptomatic patients. Only a few cases with 3-dimensional echocardiographic images of left atrial myxomas can be found in the literature <sup>2-4</sup>. We report the case of a patient with left atrial myxoma, in whom 3-dimensional echocardiography was useful for detailing the anatomical features of the tumor. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Case report</bold>
      </p>
      <p>A 70-year-old white female with a previous history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, followed up in the outpatient care clinic due to chronic anemia after corrective surgery for angiodysplasia of the proximal jejunum. The patient complained of dyspnea on major exertion, and, on routine transthoracic echocardiography, a left atrial mass was identified. At the time of hospital admission, the patient was afebrile, in regular general condition, with pale mucosae (++/4). Her blood pressure was 140/90 mmHg, heart rate was 82 bpm, and respiration rate was 16 bpm. On cardiac auscultation, a diastolic (++/4) and a systolic (+/4) murmur could be heard in the mitral area. The examinations of the respiratory and neurological systems and of the abdomen were normal. The laboratory tests were within the normal range. The electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm with unspecific alterations in ventricular repolarization. Transthoracic echocardiography was repeated 5 days after the first echocardiographic investigation and confirmed the presence of a very mobile left atrial mass with homogeneous density and irregular contours, measuring 5.9 cm x 3.2 cm, with a diastolic movement through the mitral valve towards the left ventricle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig01-body2">fig. 1</xref>). A mean transvalvular mitral gradient of 5 mmHg was observed. Left ventricular function was within the normal range. The patient underwent multiplanar transesophageal echocardiographic investigation, which confirmed the findings of the transthoracic study and added anatomical detailing to the multilobated appearance of the mass and its insertion in the interatrial septum (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig02-body2">fig. 2</xref>). During the transesophageal echocardiographic examination, images for 3-dimensional reconstruction were obtained (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig03-body2">fig. 3</xref>). Then, coronary angiography was performed and showed irregularities in the coronary arteries. The patient underwent resection of the tumor, which was a left atrial nodular mass of elastic consistency, violaceous to grayish-yellow in color, with a fixating pedicle in the interatrial septum, measuring 5 cm x 5 cm x 3 cm, and weighing 32 g (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="fig04-body2">fig. 4</xref>). The histological examination showed it to be a myxoma. The patient had an uneventful postoperative evolution, being discharged from the hospital 8 days after surgery. </p>
      <fig id="fig01-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-03-0281-00009-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig02-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-03-0281-00009-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig03-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-03-0281-00009-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <fig id="fig04-body2">
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-82-03-0281-00009-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
      <p>Image acquisition for the 3-dimensional echocardiographic examination was performed with a multiplanar transesophageal transducer, according to the conventional technique, using a commercially available echocardiographic system (Sonos 5500 model, Philips, Andover, MA, USA). The multiplanar transesophageal 2-dimensional images were obtained in the longitudinal and transverse planes, in 4- and 2-chamber views, evidencing the interatrial septum and the mitro-aortic junction, and in the longitudinal gastric plane. Image acquisition was performed with multiplanar 2-dimensional echocardiographic scanning from 0&#176; to 180&#176; every 3&#176;, associated with a capture system determined by the respiratory variation of the patient, captured from the electrocardiographic signal and the variation in the impedance of the patient's chest during the respiratory movement. This was integrated in a computer program developed by Philips. The images were recorded and stored on an optical disk, and then transferred to the commercially available reconstruction system and 3-dimensional analysis of volumetric mapping (TomTec compact 3D model, Omniview package, TomTec Imaging Systems Corp., Boulder, CO, USA). The 3-dimensional echocardiographic analysis was performed in the coronal, sagittal, and transverse planes of the structure analyzed, in addition to the parallel and diagonal planes. The total time for obtaining the 3-dimensional image was 35 minutes, with 3 minutes for acquiring the image, 2 minutes for transferring the information from the optical disk to the work station, and 30 minutes for adjusting and reconstructing the image. </p>
      <p>
        <bold>Discussion</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Three-dimensional echocardiography was developed in the 1970s, as a method for measuring ventricular volume <sup>5</sup>. Prior to it, a laborious analysis of the images provided by 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography was used for obtaining that measure. However, that methodology posed some difficulties, inadequacies, and imprecisions. The evolution of the technique led to the use of a mechanical arm for ultrasound mapping, and then to the use of electromagnetic support, parallel mapping, rotational scan mapping, and, more recently, real time volumetric mapping, which is still under development <sup>5-7</sup>. This resulted in a progressive improvement in the quality of the images obtained. Three-dimensional echocardiography with transesophageal transducers and digital technology enables better cardiac structural definition. It has been used for assessment prior to surgery and in the operating room and as diagnostic support in the surgical treatment of cardiac masses; of mitral, aortic, and tricuspid valvular diseases; and in congenital heart diseases, such as correction of interatrial septal defects, interventricular septal defects, and cor triatriatum <sup>5-8</sup>. In the case reported, the 3-dimensional reconstruction confirmed the transesophageal echocardiographic data and allowed a better anatomical detailing of the mass in regard to its fixating pedicle in the interatrial septum, approximating the findings in the image examinations to the anatomical and surgical reality. </p>
      <p>We report the case of a patient with left atrial myxoma in which the 3-dimensional echocardiographic reconstruction provided better anatomical detailing, and, consequently, greater safety for the surgical team to perform the exeresis of the mass. The 3-dimensional reconstruction confirmed the transesophageal findings and allowed better spatial identification of the mass in relation to the interatrial septum. In current clinical practice, the 3-dimensional echocardiographic technique proved to be potentially useful for the anatomical identification of structural heart diseases. Its routine use will certainly provide the development of more advanced computer programs, greater familiarity of the cardiologist with the method, and a better cost/benefit ratio.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>Acknowledgments</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We thank Mrs. Cristiane Moreira and Dr Manuel Fontes from Philips Medical Systems Ltd., and Mr. Luis Alberto Bustamante from TomTec Imaging Systems Corp. for their technical support.</p>
      <p>
        <bold>References</bold>
      </p>
      <p> 1. Bulckley BH, Hutchins GM. Atrial myxomas: a thirty-year review. Am Heart J 1979; 97: 639-43. </p>
      <p>2. Melzer C, Bartel T, Baumann G. Dynamic 3-D-echo in the preoperative assessment of the left atria nmyxoma in a 51-year-old male. Cardiology, 1997; 59: 167-69. </p>
      <p>3. Pr&#234;tre R, Vuille C, Diebold-Berger S, Lerch R. Three-dimensional imaging of atrial myxoma. Circulation 1998; 97: 2186-7.</p>
      <p>4. Harada T, Ohtaki T, Sumiyoshi T, Hosoda S. Sucessful three-dimensional reconstruction using transesophageal echocardiography in a patient with left atrial myxoma. Jpn Heart J 2001; 42: 789-92. </p>
      <p>5. Roelandt JRT, Yao J, Karsprzak JD. Three-dimensional echocardiography. Curr Opin Cardiol 1998; 13: 386-98. </p>
      <p>6. Cheng TO, Xie MX, Wang XF, et al. Evaluation of mitral valve prolapse by four-dimensional echocardiography. Am Heart J 1997; 133: 120-9. </p>
      <p>7. Li J, Sanders SP. Three-dimensional echocardiography in congenital heart disease. Curr Opin Cardiol 1999; 14: 53-9. </p>
      <p>8. De Simone R, Glombitza G, Vahl CF, et al. Three-dimensional Doppler: techniques and clinical applications. Eur Heart J 1999; 20: 619-27.</p>
      <p>
        <fn id="end-body2" fn-type="corresp">
          <p><inline-graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/4tm5YDBLzLBrPW5JrVSLf6r/cf1581bbfd9a1944a6b89407a8301c415cf1d77b.gif"/>Correspondence to</p>
          <p> Marcelo Luiz Campos Vieira</p>
          <p> InCor</p>
          <p> Av. Dr. Eneas C. Aguiar, 44</p>
          <p> S&#227;o Paulo, SP, Brasil</p>
          <p> Cep 05403-000</p>
          <p> E-mail: </p>
          <p>
            <email xlink:href="mlcvieira@aol.com">mlcvieira@aol.com</email>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </p>
      <p>Received: 11/11/02</p>
      <p> Accepted: 02/24/03</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
