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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">hrS7yJqKJL5fjpmjCsQdkcf</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000800201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260338</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Publica&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica na Era da Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial: Integridade e Responsabilidade</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8371-8354</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>M&#225;rio Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Santa Marta</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">ULS. S Jos&#233;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Santa Marta; ULS. S Jos&#233;, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>M&#225;rio Martins Oliveira</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Santa Marta -Rua de Santa Marta, 1169. Lisboa &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>m.martinsoliveira@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260338</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</kwd>
        <kwd>Comunica&#231;&#227;o e Divulga&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica</kwd>
        <kwd>&#201;tica na Publica&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica</kwd>
        <kwd>Pol&#237;ticas Editoriais</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A intelig&#234;ncia artificial (IA) est&#225; transformando o processo cient&#237;fico em todos os seus est&#225;gios, tornando-se uma ferramenta inovadora, usada em &#226;mbito global, que influencia a gera&#231;&#227;o de pesquisa, o planejamento experimental, a an&#225;lise de dados, a escrita e toda a complexa din&#226;mica de <italic>peer review</italic> e divulga&#231;&#227;o de resultados.</p>
    <p>&#192; medida que toda a comunidade cient&#237;fica incorpora a IA como parte do processo de pesquisa para aprimoramento da efici&#234;ncia, o desenvolvimento de regula&#231;&#227;o e algoritmos adequados para monitorar a qualidade, a veracidade e a integridade da ci&#234;ncia de dados torna-se um t&#243;pico cr&#237;tico de discuss&#227;o no que se refere ao papel fundamental da comunica&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica.</p>
    <p>O potencial das tecnologias assistidas por IA para auxiliar pesquisadores a trabalhar com efici&#234;ncia, quando usadas de maneira respons&#225;vel, oferece suporte personalizado para algumas tarefas, como a organiza&#231;&#227;o do conte&#250;do de manuscritos, a an&#225;lise de dados, a gera&#231;&#227;o de texto, o refinamento da linguagem e a legibilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A IA aprimora a linguagem e a an&#225;lise de dados, mas seu uso levanta quest&#245;es &#233;ticas quanto &#224; confec&#231;&#227;o do texto &#224; medida que a submiss&#227;o de manuscritos com conte&#250;do gerado por IA aumenta.</p>
    <p>Ampla ado&#231;&#227;o de ferramentas de IA &#233; esperada. Portanto, as revistas cient&#237;ficas atualmente fornecem recomenda&#231;&#245;es de melhores pr&#225;ticas para a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de IA e aplicam ferramentas de detec&#231;&#227;o para identificar seu uso excessivo na prepara&#231;&#227;o de um manuscrito.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Deve-se utilizar um fluxo de trabalho estruturado e automatizado como um teste explorat&#243;rio inicial para conferir a adequa&#231;&#227;o da formata&#231;&#227;o, al&#233;m da falta de dados ou ficheiros. O pr&#243;ximo passo, mesmo antes da avalia&#231;&#227;o pelo editor, &#233; a checagem de pl&#225;gio, a duplica&#231;&#227;o de submiss&#227;o (n&#227;o t&#227;o incomum), a manipula&#231;&#227;o de imagem, as anomalias estat&#237;sticas e a clareza de linguagem. Essa triagem com IA auxilia os editores por meio da sinaliza&#231;&#227;o de riscos e preocupa&#231;&#245;es. Al&#233;m disso, a IA pode apoiar o trabalho dos editores atrav&#233;s da sugest&#227;o de revisores com experi&#234;ncia em &#225;reas espec&#237;ficas ou com artigos similares publicados.</p>
    <p>Editoras como Elsevier, Wiley ou Taylor &amp; Francis atualmente fornecem diretrizes para o uso da IA na prepara&#231;&#227;o de manuscritos, mas solicitam a divulga&#231;&#227;o do nome da tecnologia assistida por IA utilizada al&#233;m da extens&#227;o de sua aplica&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Aceita-se que ferramentas assistidas por IA ajudem os pesquisadores durante o longo caminho da ci&#234;ncia, al&#233;m de poderem atuar como uma forte contribui&#231;&#227;o para auxiliar as empresas editoras e os editores na identifica&#231;&#227;o de depend&#234;ncia excessiva, uso n&#227;o declarado, pl&#225;gio ou detec&#231;&#227;o de conte&#250;do impreciso durante o fluxo de trabalho de <italic>peer review</italic>. A expans&#227;o do uso de ferramentas de IA na publica&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica &#233; acompanhada pelos riscos de &#8216;autoria atrav&#233;s de IA&#8217;, manipula&#231;&#227;o de conte&#250;do, surgimento de 'f&#225;bricas de artigos cient&#237;ficos&#8217; e comprometimento da credibilidade quanto &#224; solidez da comunica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>A comunidade cient&#237;fica deve tomar medidas proativas para definir limites &#233;ticos, com pol&#237;ticas claras quanto &#224; qualidade das fontes de dados, a autoria, a divulga&#231;&#227;o e a transpar&#234;ncia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de algoritmos complexos de IA levanta quest&#245;es quanto a vieses, transpar&#234;ncia e responsabilidade, requerendo o desenvolvimento de novas normas &#233;ticas para proteger a integridade cient&#237;fica. Entretanto, o desenvolvimento e a reda&#231;&#227;o de c&#243;digos de &#233;tica n&#227;o conseguem acompanhar a velocidade da evolu&#231;&#227;o e da implementa&#231;&#227;o da tecnologia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O editorial da PNAS (<italic>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</italic>), de autoria de um grupo interdisciplinar de especialistas, enfatiza que a IA generativa (e.g., ferramentas como o ChatGPT) deve respeitar as normas centrais da ci&#234;ncia. Tem por base as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das <italic>National Academies of Sciences</italic> para a prioriza&#231;&#227;o da supervis&#227;o humana, instando &#224; cria&#231;&#227;o de um Conselho Estrat&#233;gico para a cont&#237;nua orienta&#231;&#227;o quanto ao uso da IA. S&#227;o cinco princ&#237;pios que garantem transpar&#234;ncia, verifica&#231;&#227;o e &#233;tica no contexto da r&#225;pida integra&#231;&#227;o da IA. Tais princ&#237;pios devem ser aplicados em todos os est&#225;gios da pesquisa (escrita, an&#225;lise de dados, revis&#227;o por pares) e estar alinhados &#224;s pol&#237;ticas de publica&#231;&#227;o, como as da Elsevier, que n&#227;o baniu a autoria atrav&#233;s de IA, mas requer divulga&#231;&#227;o do uso de conte&#250;do gerado pela ferramenta. Esses princ&#237;pios contrap&#245;em-se a riscos, como a amplifica&#231;&#227;o de vieses e a eros&#227;o da confian&#231;a, com propostas de incentivo a educa&#231;&#227;o e supervis&#227;o institucional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O uso apropriado da IA n&#227;o deve substituir a <italic>expertise</italic> humana, a supervis&#227;o &#233;tica e a responsabilidade. Ao contr&#225;rio, a IA deve ser usada como uma poderosa ferramenta que contribui para melhorar a qualidade da ci&#234;ncia de dados e, por fim, como um aux&#237;lio tecnol&#243;gico inovador para manter a confian&#231;a nos peri&#243;dicos, nos editores e nas institui&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A hora &#233; essa e &#233; nossa responsabilidade disseminar um forte compromisso coletivo com os padr&#245;es de integridade da publica&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica. Pol&#237;ticas para regulamentar o uso da IA em universidades e grupos editoriais requerem amplo debate, aplicabilidade e valida&#231;&#227;o. Recomenda&#231;&#245;es claras para apoiar editoras cient&#237;ficas, seus editores e <italic>peer reviwers</italic> na condu&#231;&#227;o dessa desafiadora tarefa s&#227;o necess&#225;rias.</p>
    <p><bold>A IA deve apoiar &#8211; e n&#227;o substituir &#8211; a <italic>expertise</italic> humana, a supervis&#227;o &#233;tica e a responsabilidade</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>)<bold>.</bold></p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Integridade e responsabilidade na era da intelig&#234;ncia artificial na publica&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica. Figura criada usando a plataforma de intelig&#234;ncia artificial Gamma AI.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-08-e20260338-60338-gf01.tif"/></fig>
  </body>
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    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260338i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Scientific Publishing in the era of Artificial Intelligence: Integrity and Responsibility</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8371-8354</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>M&#225;rio Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central EPE, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>M&#225;rio Martins Oliveira</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Santa Marta -Rua de Santa Marta, 1169. Lisboa &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>m.martinsoliveira@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Artificial Intelligence</kwd>
        <kwd>Scientific Communication and Diffusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Scientific Publication Ethics</kwd>
        <kwd>Editorial Policies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the scientific process across all stages, making it an innovative tool, used globally, influencing research generation, experimental design, data analysis, writing, and all complex dynamics of peer review and dissemination of results.</p>
      <p>While the entire scientific community is incorporating AI as part of the research process to enhance efficiency, the development of regulations and adequate algorithms to monitor the quality, truthfulness, and integrity of data science is becoming a critical matter of discussion, regarding the fundamental role of scientific communication.</p>
      <p>The potential of AI-assisted technologies, when used responsibly, to help researchers work efficiently, provides tailored support for tasks, such as manuscript content organization, data analysis, text generation, language improvement, and readability.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> AI improves language polishing and data analysis, but it raises ethical concerns regarding text fabrication, with more submitted manuscripts showing AI-generated content.</p>
      <p>The wide adoption of AI tools is largely expected. Therefore, scientific journals are now providing recommendations of best practices when using AI and applying detection tools to identify excessive use of AI in manuscript preparation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A structured automatic workflow must be used as an initial exploratory testing to check for adequate formatting, missing data, or files. The next step, even before the editor evaluation, is to check for plagiarism, submission duplication (not so uncommon), image manipulation, statistical anomalies, and language clarity. This AI-screening assists editors by showing flags regarding risks and concerns. In addition, AI may support editors&#8217; work by suggesting reviewers with expertise in specific fields or with similar papers published.</p>
      <p>Publishers like Elsevier, Wiley, or Taylor &amp; Francis are no providing AI usage guidelines for manuscript preparation, but ask for a declaration statement, as a disclosure, regarding the name of the AI-assisted technology used and the extent of its application.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is accepted that AI-assisted tools support researchers during the long pathway of science, but can also work as a strong contributor to assist publishers and editors in identifying excessive reliance, undisclosed use, plagiarism, or inaccurate content detection during the peer review workflow. The expansion of AI tools in scientific publishing is accompanied by the risks of "AI authorship", content manipulatation, emergence of papermills, and the potential compromise of the credibility of communication.</p>
      <p>The scientific community must take active measures to define ethical boundaries, with clear policies regarding the quality of data sources, authorship, disclosures, and transparency.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The use of complex AI algorithms raises concerns about bias, transparency, and accountability, requiring the development of new ethical rules to protect scientific integrity. However, the development and writing of ethical codes cannot keep up with the pace of technology development and implementation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The PNAS (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences) editorial, authored by an interdisciplinary group of experts, emphasizes that generative AI (e.g., tools like ChatGPT) must not erode the core norms of science. It builds on the <italic>National Academies of Sciences</italic> recommendations to prioritize human oversight, urging the creation of a Strategic Council for ongoing AI guidance. The five principles ensure transparency, verification, and ethics amid AI's rapid integration and must be applied across research stages (e.g., writing, data analysis, peer review) and align with publisher's policies, such as Elsevier's, which do not ban AI authorship but require disclosure. These principles address risks, such as the amplification of biases and the erosion of trust, with proposals to promote education and institutional oversight.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The appropriate use of AI should not replace human expertise, ethical oversight, and responsibility. Instead, AI should be used as a powerful tool that contributes to improving the quality of data science and, ultimately, as an innovative technological support to maintain trust in journals, editors, and institutions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is our responsibility (and the time) to spread a strong collective commitment to scientific publishing integrity standards. Policies regulating the use of AI in universities and in publishing groups require extensive debate, applicability, and validation. There is a need for clear recommendations to support publishers, editors, and peer reviewers navigating this challenging scientific task.</p>
      <p><bold>AI must support &#8211; not replace &#8211; human expertise, ethical oversight, and responsibility</bold> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Integrity and responsibility in the era of Artificial Intelligence in Scientific publishing. Figure created using Gamma AI artificial intelligence-powered platform.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-08-e20260338-60338-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
