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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">8RTyzwrG3PCfFsFW8x3YbLb</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000801801</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01801</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260047</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hipertens&#227;o na Gravidez: Das Diretrizes &#224; Pr&#225;tica do Cardiologista</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5686-7058</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>&#193;vila</surname>
            <given-names>Walkiria Samuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Walkiria Samuel &#193;vila</bold> &#8226; Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>walkiria@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
          <p>Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Ana Teresa Tim&#243;teo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260047</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="article" id="r1" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250624" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <caption>
              <title>AAS: &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico; BRA: bloqueador dos receptores da angiotensina II; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; DRC: doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica; EAP: edema agudo de pulm&#227;o; HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica; IC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; ICFEp: IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada; IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora da angiotensina; IV: intravenoso; LES: l&#250;pus eritematoso sist&#234;mico; LI: libera&#231;&#227;o imediata; LP: libera&#231;&#227;o prolongada; PA: press&#227;o arterial; PlGF: fator de crescimento placent&#225;rio; SAF: s&#237;ndrome antifosfol&#237;pide; VO: via oral.</title>
            </caption>
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      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Gravidez</kwd>
        <kwd>Pr&#233;-Ecl&#226;mpsia</kwd>
        <kwd>Guia de Pr&#225;tica Cl&#237;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco de Doen&#231;as Card&#237;acas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="22"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial &#8211; 2025<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia aborda de forma objetiva a hipertens&#227;o na gesta&#231;&#227;o, dedicando um cap&#237;tulo espec&#237;fico ao tema. O documento contempla defini&#231;&#245;es diagn&#243;sticas, estrat&#233;gias de predi&#231;&#227;o e profilaxia da pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia, manejo terap&#234;utico durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o e o puerp&#233;rio, al&#233;m da avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular futuro associado &#224;s doen&#231;as hipertensivas da gravidez.</p>
      <p>No cen&#225;rio internacional, as <italic>2025 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy</italic>, apresentam algoritmos detalhados para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da protein&#250;ria, o manejo de emerg&#234;ncias e o tratamento da hipertens&#227;o e da pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia. Suas recomenda&#231;&#245;es baseiam-se predominantemente em consenso de especialistas, refletindo a escassez de ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados nessa &#225;rea.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Embora adotem metodologias distintas &#8212; a diretriz brasileira fundamentada no sistema <italic>Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation</italic> e a europeia estruturada em classes de recomenda&#231;&#227;o e n&#237;veis de evid&#234;ncia &#8212;, ambos os documentos convergem em aspectos centrais da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Entre eles, destacam-se o reconhecimento da press&#227;o arterial (PA) &#8805; 140/90 mmHg como crit&#233;rio diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o, a recomenda&#231;&#227;o de tratamento para formas leves a moderadas da doen&#231;a, a necessidade de interven&#231;&#227;o imediata diante da hipertens&#227;o grave e a import&#226;ncia do acompanhamento cardiovascular cont&#237;nuo de mulheres com hist&#243;rico de doen&#231;a hipertensiva da gravidez. Essa converg&#234;ncia reflete o alinhamento progressivo das principais diretrizes internacionais ap&#243;s a publica&#231;&#227;o das recomenda&#231;&#245;es da International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy em 2021, que padronizaram crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos e m&#233;todos de aferi&#231;&#227;o da PA, al&#233;m de refor&#231;arem recomenda&#231;&#245;es favor&#225;veis ao tratamento ativo da hipertens&#227;o durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Posteriormente, essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es foram fortalecidas pelos resultados do estudo CHAP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Apesar da crescente uniformiza&#231;&#227;o das recomenda&#231;&#245;es, a aplica&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica desse conhecimento ainda representa um desafio para o cardiologista generalista. A classifica&#231;&#227;o das s&#237;ndromes hipertensivas da gesta&#231;&#227;o nem sempre &#233; intuitiva, e situa&#231;&#245;es frequentes (p.ex., hipertens&#227;o grave, eleva&#231;&#227;o press&#243;rica no puerp&#233;rio e pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia sobreposta) exigem reconhecimento precoce e tomada de decis&#227;o r&#225;pida. Nesse contexto, ferramentas de s&#237;ntese cl&#237;nica podem auxiliar a aplica&#231;&#227;o das recomenda&#231;&#245;es atuais &#224; pr&#225;tica assistencial. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref> deve ser interpretada de forma sequencial, acompanhando os m&#243;dulos numerados que sintetizam os principais aspectos da hipertens&#227;o na gravidez, desde a defini&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica e a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco at&#233; o manejo cl&#237;nico e as implica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares de longo prazo.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Defini&#231;&#227;o, classifica&#231;&#227;o e crit&#233;rios de gravidade</title>
        <p>Considera-se hipertens&#227;o na gravidez a presen&#231;a de PA &#8805; 140/90 mmHg, valor que constitui o limiar diagn&#243;stico comum &#224;s diferentes formas de doen&#231;a hipertensiva da gesta&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A correta distin&#231;&#227;o entre essas entidades representa o primeiro passo para uma abordagem segura, uma vez que orienta a intensidade da vigil&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica, a urg&#234;ncia terap&#234;utica e o planejamento obst&#233;trico (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>).</p>
        <p>Na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, algumas apresenta&#231;&#245;es configuram formas graves da doen&#231;a hipertensiva da gesta&#231;&#227;o e exigem reconhecimento imediato. Entre elas destacam-se hipertens&#227;o grave (PA sist&#243;lica &#8805; 160 mmHg e/ou PA diast&#243;lica &#8805; 110 mmHg), ecl&#226;mpsia (convuls&#245;es t&#244;nico-cl&#244;nicas generalizadas), s&#237;ndrome HELLP (hem&#243;lise, eleva&#231;&#227;o de enzimas hep&#225;ticas e trombocitopenia) e s&#237;ndrome da encefalopatia posterior revers&#237;vel, caracterizada por manifesta&#231;&#245;es neurol&#243;gicas associadas a edema vasog&#234;nico predominantemente parieto-occipital. Essas condi&#231;&#245;es refletem comprometimento agudo de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo e marcam um importante ponto de inflex&#227;o progn&#243;stico, demandando intensifica&#231;&#227;o imediata do cuidado, implementa&#231;&#227;o de terapias espec&#237;ficas e avalia&#231;&#227;o do momento mais adequado para a interrup&#231;&#227;o da gesta&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Para o cardiologista, al&#233;m da classifica&#231;&#227;o correta da s&#237;ndrome hipertensiva, &#233; fundamental identificar sinais de gravidade e reconhecer gestantes com maior risco de desenvolver pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia. A presen&#231;a de comprometimento neurol&#243;gico, renal, hep&#225;tico ou cardiovascular indica progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a e requer comunica&#231;&#227;o imediata com a equipe obst&#233;trica, favorecendo uma abordagem multidisciplinar, integrada e oportuna.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Predi&#231;&#227;o e preven&#231;&#227;o da pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia</title>
        <p>A predi&#231;&#227;o da pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia evoluiu substancialmente na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada. Modelos combinados que integram caracter&#237;sticas maternas, PA m&#233;dia, Doppler das art&#233;rias uterinas e biomarcadores angiog&#234;nicos, como o fator de crescimento placent&#225;rio, alcan&#231;am acur&#225;cia de 75%-90% para a identifica&#231;&#227;o, ainda no primeiro trimestre, de mulheres com risco de pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia precoce ou pr&#233;-termo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>As diretrizes contempor&#226;neas recomendam de forma consistente a identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce de fatores cl&#237;nicos de alto risco, permitindo a implementa&#231;&#227;o de medidas preventivas direcionadas. Entre elas, destacam-se o uso de &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico em baixa dose, preferencialmente iniciado antes de 16 semanas de gesta&#231;&#227;o,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> a suplementa&#231;&#227;o de c&#225;lcio em mulheres com baixa ingest&#227;o diet&#233;tica e o incentivo a h&#225;bitos de vida saud&#225;veis, incluindo pr&#225;tica regular de atividade f&#237;sica, alimenta&#231;&#227;o equilibrada, controle do peso corporal e cessa&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Entretanto, evid&#234;ncias recentes provenientes de revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas e metan&#225;lises demonstram heterogeneidade nos resultados relacionados &#224; suplementa&#231;&#227;o de c&#225;lcio, n&#227;o sustentando benef&#237;cio uniforme em todas as popula&#231;&#245;es avaliadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Abordagem terap&#234;utica durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>O tratamento da hipertens&#227;o na gesta&#231;&#227;o deve ser institu&#237;do de forma oportuna e baseada em evid&#234;ncias. As diretrizes contempor&#226;neas convergem para uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o forte em favor do tratamento farmacol&#243;gico de gestantes com PA &#8805; 140/90 mmHg, particularmente quando as medidas n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gicas se mostram insuficientes para o controle da PA (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Os estudos CHAP<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> e CHIPS<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> demonstraram que o tratamento da hipertens&#227;o leve a moderada reduz desfechos maternos adversos sem aumentar o risco de restri&#231;&#227;o do crescimento fetal. Esses achados sustentam as recomenda&#231;&#245;es atualmente adotadas tanto pela Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial &#8211; 2025<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> quanto pela <italic>2025 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy</italic>.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> As metas terap&#234;uticas consistem em manter a PA sist&#243;lica entre 120 e 140 mmHg e a PA diast&#243;lica entre 80 e 90 mmHg, buscando equil&#237;brio entre a seguran&#231;a materna e a preserva&#231;&#227;o da perfus&#227;o &#250;tero-placent&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, recomenda-se iniciar o tratamento com monoterapia, seguida de titula&#231;&#227;o gradual at&#233; a obten&#231;&#227;o do controle da PA, respeitando-se as doses m&#225;ximas seguras dos f&#225;rmacos empregados. Trata-se de uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o forte presente nas principais diretrizes internacionais. Para a metildopa, frequentemente s&#227;o necess&#225;rias doses pr&#243;ximas de 2.000 mg/dia para obten&#231;&#227;o de controle adequado, sendo considerada segura at&#233; 2.250 mg/dia. Para a nifedipina de libera&#231;&#227;o prolongada, doses eficazes costumam situar-se em torno de 90 mg/dia, com dose m&#225;xima de 120 mg/dia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
        <p>No contexto brasileiro, deve-se considerar que a formula&#231;&#227;o de nifedipina de libera&#231;&#227;o prolongada de 30 mg n&#227;o est&#225; dispon&#237;vel no Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de, aspecto que pode influenciar a estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica. A amlodipina pode ser considerada como alternativa quando a nifedipina n&#227;o estiver dispon&#237;vel ou n&#227;o for tolerada, embora as evid&#234;ncias que sustentam seu uso durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o sejam menos robustas (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>).</p>
        <p>Quando o controle da PA n&#227;o &#233; alcan&#231;ado com monoterapia, recomenda-se a associa&#231;&#227;o de f&#225;rmacos de primeira linha, preferencialmente metildopa combinada a um bloqueador dos canais de c&#225;lcio. Os betabloqueadores, especialmente o succinato de metoprolol, podem ser adicionados em etapa subsequente quando o controle permanecer inadequado. Essa estrat&#233;gia escalonada reflete tanto a experi&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica acumulada quanto a hierarquia das evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis para o tratamento da hipertens&#227;o na gesta&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Por outro lado, os inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina (IECAs), os bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina II (BRAs), os antagonistas dos receptores mineralocorticoides e o atenolol s&#227;o formalmente contraindicados durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o, constituindo recomenda&#231;&#227;o forte e consistente nas diretrizes contempor&#226;neas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Embora as diretrizes internacionais priorizem o uso do labetalol, com base em metan&#225;lises<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> que sugerem discreta superioridade em alguns desfechos maternos e perinatais, esse f&#225;rmaco n&#227;o est&#225; dispon&#237;vel no Brasil. Essa limita&#231;&#227;o, entretanto, n&#227;o compromete a qualidade da assist&#234;ncia, considerando a efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a amplamente estabelecidas da metildopa e da nifedipina na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Hipertens&#227;o grave e crise hipertensiva</title>
        <p>A hipertens&#227;o grave constitui emerg&#234;ncia obst&#233;trica e requer tratamento imediato, mesmo na aus&#234;ncia inicial de les&#227;o de &#243;rg&#227;o-alvo. A abordagem deve ser r&#225;pida, sistematizada e multidisciplinar, incluindo interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, controle da PA com anti-hipertensivos de a&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida (preferencialmente nifedipina por via oral ou hidralazina intravenosa) e investiga&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica de comprometimento neurol&#243;gico, renal, hep&#225;tico ou cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Em situa&#231;&#245;es refrat&#225;rias, a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de nitroglicerina intravenosa ou nitroprussiato de s&#243;dio pode ser considerada como medida tempor&#225;ria at&#233; a interrup&#231;&#227;o da gesta&#231;&#227;o, sempre ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o criteriosa dos riscos e benef&#237;cios e no contexto de decis&#227;o multidisciplinar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>O sulfato de magn&#233;sio constitui recomenda&#231;&#227;o forte na presen&#231;a de crit&#233;rios de gravidade, sinais de imin&#234;ncia de ecl&#226;mpsia ou programa&#231;&#227;o de parto, independentemente do anti-hipertensivo utilizado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Seu emprego requer monitoriza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica rigorosa, uma vez que a toxicidade pelo magn&#233;sio pode ocasionar complica&#231;&#245;es potencialmente graves, tornando essencial o reconhecimento precoce de seus sinais cl&#237;nicos (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Puerp&#233;rio e risco imediato</title>
        <p>Eleva&#231;&#245;es press&#243;ricas que surgem ou se agravam no puerp&#233;rio devem ser consideradas como poss&#237;vel manifesta&#231;&#227;o de pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia at&#233; prova em contr&#225;rio, justificando avalia&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, monitoriza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e controle adequado da PA. Nessas situa&#231;&#245;es, o sulfato de magn&#233;sio est&#225; indicado nos casos de hipertens&#227;o grave ou na presen&#231;a de crit&#233;rios de gravidade (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>).</p>
        <p>Evid&#234;ncias demonstram que o puerp&#233;rio concentra parcela expressiva das complica&#231;&#245;es graves associadas &#224;s s&#237;ndromes hipertensivas da gesta&#231;&#227;o, incluindo ecl&#226;mpsia tardia, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico (AVE), edema agudo de pulm&#227;o e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Muitos desses eventos ocorrem ap&#243;s a alta obst&#233;trica e podem chegar inicialmente &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica, refor&#231;ando a import&#226;ncia do reconhecimento precoce e da interven&#231;&#227;o imediata.</p>
        <p>Nessa fase, o tratamento farmacol&#243;gico passa a seguir princ&#237;pios mais pr&#243;ximos da terap&#234;utica cardiovascular habitual. A metildopa, f&#225;rmaco de primeira linha durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o, deixa de ser a op&#231;&#227;o preferencial no puerp&#233;rio em raz&#227;o de seus efeitos centrais, incluindo sintomas depressivos, aspecto particularmente relevante nesse per&#237;odo. Embora estudos tenham demonstrado controle da PA semelhante entre a manuten&#231;&#227;o da metildopa e sua substitui&#231;&#227;o por captopril no puerp&#233;rio imediato, esses resultados derivam de seguimento de curto prazo e n&#227;o contemplam desfechos neuropsiqui&#225;tricos tardios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Diferentemente do per&#237;odo gestacional, f&#225;rmacos previamente contraindicados (p.ex., IECAs, os BRAs e os diur&#233;ticos) s&#227;o compat&#237;veis com a amamenta&#231;&#227;o e devem ser considerados conforme as necessidades individuais da paciente, ampliando as op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas dispon&#237;veis e favorecendo o adequado controle da PA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Risco cardiovascular futuro: a gravidez como marcador precoce</title>
        <p>A doen&#231;a hipertensiva da gravidez deve ser reconhecida como um marcador precoce e independente de risco cardiovascular ao longo da vida, e n&#227;o apenas como uma condi&#231;&#227;o restrita ao ciclo grav&#237;dico-puerperal. Evid&#234;ncias consistentes demonstram que mulheres com hist&#243;ria de pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia ou hipertens&#227;o na gravidez apresentam risco aproximadamente duas a quatro vezes maior de desenvolver hipertens&#227;o arterial cr&#244;nica, doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, AVE e IC (particularmente IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada), muitas vezes j&#225; durante a primeira d&#233;cada ap&#243;s o parto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Essa associa&#231;&#227;o transcende a simples observa&#231;&#227;o epidemiol&#243;gica e encontra respaldo em mecanismos fisiopatol&#243;gicos bem estabelecidos, incluindo disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial persistente, inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica cr&#244;nica e altera&#231;&#245;es metab&#243;licas associadas &#224; pr&#233;-ecl&#226;mpsia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Nesse cen&#225;rio, a doen&#231;a hipertensiva da gravidez amplia o papel do cardiologista para al&#233;m do manejo do evento agudo, incorporando a implementa&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias estruturadas de preven&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular ao longo da vida. O registro sistem&#225;tico do hist&#243;rico obst&#233;trico, a promo&#231;&#227;o de h&#225;bitos de vida saud&#225;veis, o controle rigoroso dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares e o acompanhamento longitudinal constituem recomenda&#231;&#245;es fortes da Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial &#8211; 2025,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> com potencial para modificar a trajet&#243;ria cl&#237;nica dessa popula&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>).</p>
        <p>Ferramentas de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular global, como o Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 e o Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 &#8211; Older Persons,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> recomendados pelas diretrizes europeias, bem como os modelos derivados das Pooled Cohort Equations,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> adotados pelas diretrizes norte-americanas, podem ser utilizados como instrumentos complementares na avalia&#231;&#227;o dessas mulheres. Embora tais escores n&#227;o incorporem especificamente o hist&#243;rico de doen&#231;a hipertensiva da gravidez, essa condi&#231;&#227;o deve ser reconhecida como um importante modificador de risco, justificando estrat&#233;gias preventivas mais intensivas e acompanhamento cl&#237;nico mais pr&#243;ximo.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A doen&#231;a hipertensiva da gravidez exige do cardiologista uma atua&#231;&#227;o integrada, multidisciplinar e cont&#237;nua, que se estende desde o planejamento reprodutivo at&#233; o acompanhamento cardiovascular de longo prazo. Ao traduzir recomenda&#231;&#245;es baseadas em evid&#234;ncias em condutas pr&#225;ticas e objetivas, esta carta cient&#237;fica, apoiada pela <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>, busca oferecer uma ferramenta de apoio &#224; tomada de decis&#227;o em cen&#225;rios nos quais o reconhecimento precoce, a precis&#227;o terap&#234;utica e a integra&#231;&#227;o assistencial s&#227;o determinantes para os desfechos maternos.</p>
      <p>Mais do que uma complica&#231;&#227;o obst&#233;trica, a doen&#231;a hipertensiva da gravidez representa uma oportunidade de identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce de mulheres sob maior risco cardiovascular. Reconhecer essa condi&#231;&#227;o e agir de forma proativa permite ampliar o impacto da cardiologia na promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de cardiovascular feminina ao longo de toda a vida.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</label>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
        <label>Uso de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</label>
        <p>Os autores n&#227;o utilizaram ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
      <title>Disponibilidade de Dados</title>
      <p>Os conte&#250;dos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa est&#227;o contidos no manuscrito.</p>
    </sec>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>A autora agradece &#224; Dra. Claudia Maria Vilas Freire pela an&#225;lise t&#233;cnica e pelas valiosas contribui&#231;&#245;es para o aprimoramento do conte&#250;do deste manuscrito, bem como ao est&#250;dio Denken Design pela elabora&#231;&#227;o da <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>.</p>
    </ack>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260047i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hypertension in Pregnancy: From Guidelines to the Cardiologist's Clinical Practice</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5686-7058</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>&#193;vila</surname>
            <given-names>Walkiria Samuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Walkiria Samuel &#193;vila</bold> &#8226; Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>walkiria@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Ana Teresa Tim&#243;teo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <related-article related-article-type="article" id="r2" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250624i" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f2">
            <caption>
              <title>ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; APE: acute pulmonary edema; APS: antiphospholipid syndrome; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; BP: blood pressure; CAD: coronary artery disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; ER: extended-release; HF: heart failure; HFpEF: HF with preserved ejection fraction; IR: immediate-release; IV: intravenous; PlGF: placental growth factor; PO: by mouth; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-08-e20260047-60047-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hipertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Pregnancy</kwd>
        <kwd>Pre-Eclampsia</kwd>
        <kwd>Practice Guideline</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Disease Risk Factors</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension&#8211; 2025<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology objectively address hypertension during pregnancy, dedicating a specific chapter to the topic. The document covers diagnostic definitions, strategies for the prediction and prevention of preeclampsia, therapeutic management during pregnancy and the postpartum period as well as the assessment of future cardiovascular risk associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs).</p>
        <p>In the international setting, the 2025 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease During Pregnancy provide detailed algorithms for proteinuria assessment, emergency management, and the treatment of hypertension and preeclampsia. Their recommendations are based predominantly on expert consensus, reflecting the scarcity of randomized clinical trials in this field.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Although they adopt different methodologies &#8212; the Brazilian guideline based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system and the European guideline structured around classes of recommendation and levels of evidence &#8212; both documents converge on key aspects of clinical practice. These include the recognition of blood pressure (BP) &#8805; 140/90 mmHg as the diagnostic threshold for hypertension, the recommendation to treat mild-to-moderate forms of the disease, the need for immediate intervention in cases of severe hypertension, and the importance of ongoing cardiovascular follow-up for women with a history of HDPs. This convergence reflects the progressive alignment of major international guidelines following the publication of the 2021 International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy recommendations, which standardized diagnostic criteria and BP measurement methods while reinforcing recommendations favoring active treatment of hypertension during pregnancy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> These recommendations were subsequently strengthened by the results of the CHAP trial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Despite the growing harmonization of recommendations, the practical application of this knowledge remains a challenge for the general cardiologist. The classification of HDPs is not always intuitive, and common clinical situations (e.g., severe hypertension, postpartum BP increase, and superimposed preeclampsia) require early recognition and rapid decision-making. In this context, clinical synthesis tools may facilitate the implementation of current recommendations in routine practice. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref> should be interpreted sequentially, following the numbered modules that summarize the key aspects of hypertension in pregnancy, from diagnostic definitions and risk stratification to clinical management and long-term cardiovascular implications.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Definition, classification, and severity criteria</title>
          <p>Hypertension in pregnancy is defined as the presence of BP &#8805; 140/90 mmHg, which constitutes the common diagnostic threshold across the different forms of HDPs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The accurate distinction among these entities represents the first step toward a safe clinical approach, as it guides the intensity of clinical surveillance, the urgency of therapeutic intervention, and obstetric planning (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>).</p>
          <p>In clinical practice, certain presentations constitute severe forms of HDPs and require immediate recognition. These include severe hypertension (systolic BP &#8805; 160 mmHg and/or diastolic BP &#8805; 110 mmHg), eclampsia (generalized tonic-clonic seizures), HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, increased liver enzymes, and thrombocytopenia), and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, characterized by neurological manifestations associated with vasogenic edema predominantly affecting the parieto-occipital regions. These conditions reflect acute target-organ involvement and represent a major prognostic turning point, requiring immediate escalation of care, implementation of specific therapies, and assessment of the most appropriate timing for pregnancy termination.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
          <p>For cardiologists, in addition to correctly classifying the hypertensive syndrome, it is essential to identify severity features and recognize pregnant women at increased risk of developing preeclampsia. The presence of neurological, kidney, liver, or cardiovascular involvement indicates disease progression and requires immediate communication with the obstetric team, promoting a multidisciplinary, integrated, and timely approach.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Prediction and prevention of preeclampsia</title>
          <p>The prediction of preeclampsia has evolved substantially over the past decade. Combined models integrating maternal characteristics, mean arterial pressure, uterine artery Doppler assessment, and angiogenic biomarkers, such as placental growth factor, achieve an accuracy of 75%-90% in identifying women at risk of early-onset or preterm preeclampsia during the first trimester.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Contemporary guidelines consistently recommend the early identification of high-risk clinical factors, allowing the implementation of targeted preventive measures. These include the use of low-dose aspirin, preferably initiated before 16 weeks of gestation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> calcium supplementation in women with low dietary calcium intake, and the promotion of healthy lifestyle habits, including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, weight control, and smoking cessation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
          <p>However, recent evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses has demonstrated heterogeneity in the results related to calcium supplementation, failing to support a uniform benefit across all evaluated populations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Therapeutic approach during pregnancy</title>
          <p>The treatment of hypertension during pregnancy should be initiated promptly and guided by evidence-based recommendations. Contemporary guidelines converge toward a strong recommendation in favor of pharmacological treatment for pregnant women with BP &#8805; 140/90 mmHg, particularly when nonpharmacological measures prove insufficient to achieve adequate BP control (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
          <p>The CHAP<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> and CHIPS<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> trials demonstrated that treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension reduces adverse maternal outcomes without increasing the risk of fetal growth restriction. These findings support the recommendations currently adopted by both the Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension &#8211; 2025<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and the 2025 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Cardiovascular Disease During Pregnancy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Therapeutic targets should maintain systolic BP between systolic BP between 120 and 140 mmHg and diastolic BP between 80-90 mmHg, seeking a balance between maternal safety and preservation of uteroplacental perfusion.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
          <p>In clinical practice, treatment should be initiated with monotherapy, followed by gradual dose titration until BP control is achieved, while respecting the maximum safe doses of the prescribed medications. This represents a strong recommendation included in the major international guidelines. For methyldopa, doses approaching 2,000 mg/day are often required to achieve adequate control, and the drug is considered safe up to 2,250 mg/day. For extended-release nifedipine, effective doses are typically around 90 mg/day, with a maximum recommended dose of 120 mg/day.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
          <p>In the Brazilian setting, it should be noted that the 30-mg extended-release nifedipine formulation is not available through the Brazilian Unified Health System, a factor that may influence therapeutic strategies. Amlodipine may be considered as an alternative when nifedipine is unavailable or not tolerated, although the evidence supporting its use during pregnancy is less robust (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>).</p>
          <p>When adequate BP control is not achieved with monotherapy, the combination of first-line agents is recommended, preferably methyldopa combined with a calcium channel blocker. Beta-blockers, particularly metoprolol succinate, may be added in a subsequent step when BP control remains inadequate. This stepwise strategy reflects both accumulated clinical experience and the hierarchy of available evidence for the treatment of hypertension during pregnancy.</p>
          <p>Conversely, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and atenolol are formally contraindicated during pregnancy, constituting a strong, consistent recommendation across contemporary guidelines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Although international guidelines prioritize the use of labetalol on the basis of meta-analyses<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> suggesting modest superiority in certain maternal and perinatal outcomes, this medication is not available in Brazil. This limitation however does not compromise the quality of care, given the well-established efficacy and safety of methyldopa and nifedipine in clinical practice.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Severe hypertension and hypertensive emergencies</title>
          <p>Severe hypertension constitutes an obstetric emergency and requires immediate treatment, even in the initial absence of target-organ damage. Management should be rapid, systematic, and multidisciplinary as well as include hospital admission, BP control with rapid-acting antihypertensive agents (preferably oral nifedipine or intravenous hydralazine), and systematic investigation of neurological, kidney, liver, or cardiovascular involvement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
          <p>In refractory cases, the use of intravenous nitroglycerin or sodium nitroprusside may be considered as a temporary measure until delivery, always following careful assessment of risks and benefits and within the context of multidisciplinary decision-making.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Magnesium sulfate carries a strong recommendation in the presence of severe features, signs of impending eclampsia, or planned delivery, regardless of the antihypertensive agent used.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Its administration requires close clinical monitoring, as magnesium toxicity may lead to potentially serious complications, making the early recognition of its clinical manifestations essential (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Postpartum period and immediate risk</title>
          <p>BP increases that emerge or worsen during the postpartum period should be considered a possible manifestation of preeclampsia until proven otherwise, warranting hospital evaluation, clinical monitoring, and adequate BP control. In these situations, magnesium sulfate is indicated in cases of severe hypertension or when severe features are present (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>).</p>
          <p>Evidence demonstrates that the postpartum period accounts for a substantial proportion of severe complications associated with HDPs, including late-onset eclampsia, stroke, acute pulmonary edema, and heart failure (HF).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Many of these events occur after obstetric discharge and may initially present to cardiology services, underscoring the importance of early recognition and prompt intervention.</p>
          <p>At this stage, pharmacological treatment follows principles more closely aligned with conventional cardiovascular therapy. Methyldopa, a first-line agent during pregnancy, is no longer the preferred option in the postpartum period because of its central nervous system effects, including depressive symptoms, a particularly relevant consideration during this phase. Although studies have demonstrated similar BP control with either continuation of methyldopa or substitution with captopril in the immediate postpartum period, these findings derive from short-term follow-up and do not address long-term neuropsychiatric outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Unlike during pregnancy, medications previously contraindicated (e.g., ACEIs, ARBs, and diuretics) are compatible with breastfeeding in most clinical scenarios and should be considered according to individual patient needs, thereby expanding available therapeutic options and facilitating adequate BP control.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Future cardiovascular risk: pregnancy as an early risk marker</title>
          <p>HDPs should be recognized as an early and independent marker of lifelong cardiovascular risk rather than merely a condition confined to the pregnancy-postpartum period. Consistent evidence demonstrates that women with a history of preeclampsia or hypertension during pregnancy have an approximately two- to fourfold greater risk of developing chronic hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and HF (particularly HF with preserved ejection fraction), often within the first decade after delivery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
          <p>This association extends beyond a simple epidemiological observation and is supported by well-established pathophysiological mechanisms, including persistent endothelial dysfunction, chronic systemic inflammation, and metabolic alterations associated with preeclampsia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
          <p>In this context, HDPs expand the role of the cardiologist beyond the management of the acute event, incorporating the implementation of structured lifelong cardiovascular prevention strategies. Systematic documentation of obstetric history, promotion of healthy lifestyle habits, rigorous control of cardiovascular risk factors, and longitudinal follow-up constitute strong recommendations of the Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension &#8211; 2025,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> with the potential to modify the clinical trajectory of this population (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>).</p>
          <p>Global cardiovascular risk assessment tools, such as the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 &#8211; Older Persons,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> recommended by European guidelines, as well as models derived from the Pooled Cohort Equations,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> adopted by North American guidelines, may be used as complementary instruments in the evaluation of these women. Although these risk scores do not specifically incorporate a history of HDPs, this condition should be recognized as an important risk modifier, justifying more intensive preventive strategies and closer clinical follow-up.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>HDPs require an integrated, multidisciplinary, and continuous approach from the cardiologist, extending from reproductive planning to long-term cardiovascular follow-up. By translating evidence-based recommendations into practical and objective clinical guidance, this scientific letter, supported by <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>, seeks to provide a decision-support tool for scenarios in which early recognition, therapeutic precision, and coordinated care are critical determinants of maternal outcomes.</p>
        <p>More than an obstetric complication, HDPs represent an opportunity for the early identification of women at increased cardiovascular risk. Recognizing this condition and acting proactively may broaden the impact of cardiology on the promotion of women's cardiovascular health throughout the lifespan.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
          <label>Sources of Funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Study Association</label>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
          <label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
          <label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
          <p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
        <title>Availability of Research Data</title>
        <p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
      </sec>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgments</title>
        <p>The author thanks Dr. Claudia Maria Vilas Freire for her technical review and valuable contributions to the improvement of this manuscript as well as Denken Design Studio for the development of <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Central Illustration</xref>.</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
