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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">VNcZpRbL5vRYVv8RcYxgJ6R</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000700604</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00604</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260468</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Persistente do Ventr&#237;culo Direito e Evolu&#231;&#227;o Hemodin&#226;mica Predizem Deteriora&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar na Embolia Pulmonar de Risco Intermedi&#225;rio-Alto e Alto</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-9322-629X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Quintana</surname>
            <given-names>Miguel A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7969-4505</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Perea</surname>
            <given-names>Joaqu&#237;n</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-0201-043X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Villarreal</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8606-3998</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soto</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9938-8425</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Marildes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0567-3119</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cort&#234;s</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-1785-828X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sanhueza</surname>
            <given-names>Patricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6758-896X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Saavedra</surname>
            <given-names>Iv&#225;n</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-7634-0025</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Quispe</surname>
            <given-names>Yhaquelina</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-9282-2399</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tenezaca</surname>
            <given-names>Roger</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8615-5999</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Colque</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5942-4102</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Arias</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandra</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0143-4885</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Toquica</surname>
            <given-names>Alex Rivera</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7420-1508</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>&#193;lvarez</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-7598-9139</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>P&#233;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Ysmenia D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>14</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4354-3139</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Morej&#243;n</surname>
            <given-names>Paola</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-0921-5064</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fern&#225;ndez</surname>
            <given-names>Karina G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-5917-7387</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mogoll&#243;n</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-4606-5531</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cardona</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
            <sup>18</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2872-767X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>P&#233;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Gonzalo Emanuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8950-2087</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>L&#243;pez-Ruiz</surname>
            <given-names>Arnaldo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
            <sup>20</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiopulomonary Institute LW Randall</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Asunci&#243;n</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PY">Paraguai</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiopulomonary Institute LW Randall &#8211; Cardiovascular, Asunci&#243;n &#8211; Paraguai</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Sanatorio Guemes</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidad Coronaria</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Buenos Aires</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="AR">Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sanatorio Guemes &#8211; Unidad Coronaria, Buenos Aires &#8211; Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Hern&#225;n Henr&#237;quez Aravena</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Temuco</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CL">Chile</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Hern&#225;n Henr&#237;quez Aravena &#8211; Cardiolog&#237;a, Temuco &#8211; Chile</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais &#8211; Cardiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#237;rio - Liban&#234;s Bras&#237;lia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio - Liban&#234;s Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Cardiologia, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidad de Chile</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Santiago</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CL">Chile</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidad de Chile &#8211; Cardiologia, Santiago &#8211; Chile</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Biocor Hospital de Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares Ltda</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Biocor Hospital de Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares Ltda &#8211; Cardiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Obrero No 1</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">La Paz</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BO">Bol&#237;via</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Obrero No 1, La Paz &#8211; Bol&#237;via</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de especialidades Guayaquil Abel Gilbert Ponton</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Guayaquil</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="EC">Equador</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de especialidades Guayaquil Abel Gilbert Ponton, Guayaquil &#8211; Equador</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>10</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Sanatorio Allende</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">C&#243;rdoba</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="AR">Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sanatorio Allende &#8211; Cardiologia, C&#243;rdoba &#8211; Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11">
        <label>11</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog&#237;a Ignacio Ch&#225;vez</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="state">State of Mexico</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="MX">M&#233;xico</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog&#237;a Ignacio Ch&#225;vez, State of Mexico &#8211; M&#233;xico</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12">
        <label>12</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Clinica los Rosales</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Risaralda</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CO">Col&#244;mbia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinica los Rosales, Risaralda &#8211; Col&#244;mbia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13">
        <label>13</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Bogot&#225;</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CO">Col&#244;mbia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota &#8211; Cardiologia, Bogot&#225; &#8211; Col&#244;mbia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14">
        <label>14</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital General y Especialidades Dr.Mario Tolentino Dipp</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Santo Domingo</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="DO">Rep&#250;blica Dominicana</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital General y Especialidades Dr.Mario Tolentino Dipp &#8211; Cardiologia, Santo Domingo &#8211; Rep&#250;blica Dominicana</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15">
        <label>15</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Clinica Guayaquil</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Guayaquil</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="EC">Equador</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinica Guayaquil &#8211; Cardiologia, Guayaquil &#8211; Equador</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16">
        <label>16</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Emergencias Jos&#233; Casimiro Ulloa</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lima</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PE">Peru</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Emergencias Jos&#233; Casimiro Ulloa &#8211; Cardiologia, Lima &#8211; Peru</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17">
        <label>17</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Medico San Francisco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Caracas</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="VE">Venezuela</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Medico San Francisco &#8211; Cardiologia, Caracas &#8211; Venezuela</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18">
        <label>18</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hola Hospital Privado de Rosario</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rosario</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="AR">Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hola Hospital Privado de Rosario &#8211; Cardiologia, Rosario &#8211; Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff19">
        <label>19</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Clinica Olivos</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Buenos Aires</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="AR">Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinica Olivos &#8211; Cardiology, Buenos Aires &#8211; Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff20">
        <label>20</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">AdventHealth Orlando</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Critical Care</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Orlando</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Florida</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">AdventHealth Orlando &#8211; Department of Critical Care, Orlando, Florida &#8211; EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label> Miguel A. Quintana Cardiopulomonary Institute LW Randall &#8211; Cardiovascular - Espa&#241;a Avenue, 649, Asunci&#243;n, 1733 &#8211; Paraguai E-mail: <email>maquintanadasilva@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse:</label>
          <p> Declaro n&#227;o haver conflito de interesses pertinentes.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260468</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="pt">
          <license-p>Este &#233; um artigo de acesso aberto distribu&#237;do sob os termos da licen&#231;a de atribui&#231;&#227;o pelo Creative Commons</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> A estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco na embolia pulmonar (EP) aguda baseia-se principalmente nos achados obtidos na admiss&#227;o hospitalar. No entanto, permanece incerto se a avalia&#231;&#227;o seriada da disfun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito (VD) e das altera&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas fornece valor progn&#243;stico incremental al&#233;m da estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco inicial.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Avaliar vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e de imagem longitudinais associadas a desfechos hospitalares adversos em pacientes com EP aguda de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto e alto.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Este registro prospectivo incluiu pacientes com EP aguda de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto e alto. O desfecho prim&#225;rio composto compreendeu mortalidade hospitalar, ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, choque persistente ou hipotens&#227;o e oxigena&#231;&#227;o por membrana extracorp&#243;rea. As vari&#225;veis longitudinais foram avaliadas entre 24 e 72 horas ap&#243;s a admiss&#227;o. Todos os testes estat&#237;sticos foram bicaudais, e um valor de p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Foram constru&#237;dos modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel, e o desempenho discriminativo foi avaliado por meio da &#225;rea sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor (AUC-ROC). Foi realizada uma an&#225;lise pr&#233;-especificada de dados ausentes para avaliar a disponibilidade da tomografia computadorizada (TC) de seguimento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> O desfecho prim&#225;rio composto ocorreu em 21,2% dos 151 pacientes, com taxa de mortalidade hospitalar de 9,3%. A disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na TC de seguimento (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 15,48; p &lt; 0,001) e a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica (PAS) no seguimento (p &lt; 0,001) foram os preditores individuais mais robustos de desfechos adversos. No modelo multivari&#225;vel longitudinal (n = 60), a disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na TC de seguimento (OR 9,70; IC95%, 1,96-47,89; p = 0,005) e a PAS no seguimento (OR 0,90; IC95%, 0,83-0,96; p = 0,003) permaneceram como preditores independentes. O modelo apresentou excelente capacidade discriminativa (AUC-ROC = 0,874) e calibra&#231;&#227;o adequada. A an&#225;lise de dados ausentes mostrou que os pacientes sem TC de seguimento apresentavam maior gravidade cl&#237;nica na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial, em conson&#226;ncia com um mecanismo de dados ausentes n&#227;o ao acaso.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
          <p> A reavalia&#231;&#227;o de marcadores de risco estabelecidos durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o pode aprimorar a identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes que permanecem em alto risco apesar da classifica&#231;&#227;o inicial de risco e do tratamento institu&#237;do. A disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD e valores mais baixos de PAS no seguimento estiveram independentemente associados a desfechos hospitalares adversos, o que refor&#231;a o uso da estratifica&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica de risco na EP aguda.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura Central</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: Disfun&#231;&#227;o Persistente do Ventr&#237;culo Direito e Evolu&#231;&#227;o Hemodin&#226;mica Predizem Deteriora&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar na Embolia Pulmonar de Risco Intermedi&#225;rio-Alto e Alto</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href=""/>
            <attrib>A disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento e valores mais baixos de PAS de seguimento estiveram independentemente associados a desfechos hospitalares adversos. A reavalia&#231;&#227;o seriada da fun&#231;&#227;o do VD e do estado hemodin&#226;mico durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o pode aprimorar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco al&#233;m da avalia&#231;&#227;o basal inicial em pacientes com EP aguda. AHA/ACC: American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology; angioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; AUC-ROC: &#225;rea sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor; ECMO: oxigena&#231;&#227;o por membrana extracorp&#243;rea; EP: embolia pulmonar; ESC: European Society of Cardiology; IC95%: intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%; MNAR: dados ausentes n&#227;o ao acaso; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; OR: odds ratio; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; PMT: trombectomia mec&#226;nica percut&#226;nea; sPESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index simplificado; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</attrib>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Embolia Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Direita</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemodin&#226;mica</kwd>
        <kwd>Choque Cardiog&#234;nico</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfus&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombectomia</kwd>
        <kwd>Modelos Log&#237;sticos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento:</bold> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="14"/>
        <table-count count="16"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="35"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A embolia pulmonar (EP) aguda permanece como uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade cardiovascular, com incid&#234;ncia global estimada superior a 1-2 casos por 1.000 pessoas-ano.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Os modelos contempor&#226;neos de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, incluindo aqueles recomendados pela European Society of Cardiology (ESC) e pela American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC), classificam os pacientes de acordo com o estado hemodin&#226;mico, a disfun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito (VD) detectada por ecocardiografia ou angiotomografia computadorizada (angioTC) pulmonar e biomarcadores card&#237;acos, incluindo troponina e pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos do tipo B (BNP).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) e sua vers&#227;o simplificada (sPESI), ambos desenvolvidos e validados prospectivamente em grandes coortes, fornecem estimativas confi&#225;veis do risco de mortalidade em 30 dias com base exclusivamente em vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> No entanto, uma propor&#231;&#227;o clinicamente relevante de pacientes classificados como portadores de EP de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto ou alto apresenta deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o que n&#227;o &#233; totalmente prevista pela avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial. O estudo PEITHO evidenciou a heterogeneidade progn&#243;stica existente na popula&#231;&#227;o de risco intermedi&#225;rio, demonstrando que a combina&#231;&#227;o de disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD e n&#237;veis elevados de troponina n&#227;o identifica de forma consistente os pacientes que posteriormente desenvolver&#227;o instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD, avaliada por ecocardiografia ou angioTC pulmonar, &#233; um preditor independente de desfechos adversos. Algumas metan&#225;lises demonstraram que a disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD identificada por ecocardiografia est&#225; associada a um aumento de 2,29 vezes na mortalidade em curto prazo, enquanto uma raz&#227;o VD/ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) &#8805; 1,0 na angioTC pulmonar est&#225; associada a um aumento aproximado de 2,5 vezes no risco de mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> As troponinas card&#237;acas e o fragmento N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) aprimoram adicionalmente a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em pacientes normotensos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O conceito de estratifica&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica de risco, baseado na avalia&#231;&#227;o seriada de par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos, da fun&#231;&#227;o do VD e de biomarcadores card&#237;acos durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, tem recebido crescente aten&#231;&#227;o. A persist&#234;ncia da disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD em exames de imagem de seguimento pode refletir obstru&#231;&#227;o vascular pulmonar n&#227;o resolvida, recupera&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica tardia ou comprometimento circulat&#243;rio progressivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Paralelamente, os avan&#231;os nas terapias de reperfus&#227;o por cateter, incluindo a trombectomia mec&#226;nica percut&#226;nea (TMP) com dispositivos como o FlowTriever, avaliado nos estudos FLARE e FLAME, e o sistema Penumbra, ampliaram as op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas para pacientes com EP de alto risco. Entretanto, em estudos observacionais, a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o e os desfechos cl&#237;nicos permanece de dif&#237;cil interpreta&#231;&#227;o devido ao vi&#233;s de indica&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O registro RED-EP &#233; uma coorte prospectiva multic&#234;ntrica estabelecida para caracterizar a apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, as estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas e os desfechos de pacientes com EP de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto e alto em cen&#225;rios reais da Am&#233;rica Latina. A presente an&#225;lise investigou se as altera&#231;&#245;es longitudinais dos par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos e da fun&#231;&#227;o do VD fornecem informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas adicionais &#224;quelas obtidas pela estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco baseada na admiss&#227;o, bem como se a estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o est&#225; independentemente associada aos desfechos hospitalares ap&#243;s ajuste para a gravidade da doen&#231;a.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Delineamento do estudo e popula&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Este estudo de coorte prospectivo, multic&#234;ntrico e observacional incluiu pacientes consecutivos com EP aguda confirmada por angioTC pulmonar e classificada como de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto ou alto em centros participantes das Am&#233;ricas durante um per&#237;odo de 12 meses, de abril de 2025 a abril de 2026. Os dados foram coletados prospectivamente por meio da plataforma mawe. A EP de alto risco foi definida de acordo com as diretrizes da ESC de 2019 como instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica, incluindo choque cardiog&#234;nico ou hipotens&#227;o sustentada (press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica [PAS] &lt; 90 mmHg ou redu&#231;&#227;o &#8805; 40 mmHg com dura&#231;&#227;o superior a 15 minutos que n&#227;o pudesse ser explicada por arritmia de in&#237;cio recente, hipovolemia ou sepse).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A EP de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto foi definida pela presen&#231;a concomitante de disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD em exames de imagem (angioTC pulmonar e/ou ecocardiografia) e eleva&#231;&#227;o de biomarcadores card&#237;acos (troponina e/ou BNP ou NT-proBNP) em pacientes hemodinamicamente est&#225;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Objetivos do estudo</title>
        <p>O objetivo prim&#225;rio foi avaliar vari&#225;veis longitudinais associadas a desfechos hospitalares adversos em pacientes com EP aguda de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto e alto, independentemente da realiza&#231;&#227;o de terapia de reperfus&#227;o. As estrat&#233;gias de reperfus&#227;o foram selecionadas de acordo com os protocolos institucionais e a disponibilidade de recursos locais nos centros participantes.</p>
        <p>Os objetivos secund&#225;rios foram: i) comparar vari&#225;veis da admiss&#227;o e vari&#225;veis longitudinais como preditoras de desfechos adversos; ii) avaliar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre estrat&#233;gias espec&#237;ficas de reperfus&#227;o e desfechos cl&#237;nicos; e iii) realizar uma an&#225;lise explorat&#243;ria dos desfechos de acordo com o subtipo de dispositivo de TMP.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Defini&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis da admiss&#227;o inclu&#237;ram idade, sexo, peso corporal, altura, comorbidades, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, PAS, SpO<sub>2</sub>, PESI,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> sPESI,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> escore Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmb&#243;lica, troponina ultrassens&#237;vel, NT-proBNP, BNP, d&#237;mero D, disfun&#231;&#227;o basal do VD na angioTC pulmonar (definida como raz&#227;o VD/VE &#8805; 1,0 na reconstru&#231;&#227;o axial de quatro c&#226;maras),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> disfun&#231;&#227;o basal do VD na ecocardiografia e presen&#231;a de choque cardiog&#234;nico.</p>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis longitudinais foram avaliadas entre 24 e 72 horas ap&#243;s a admiss&#227;o hospitalar e inclu&#237;ram frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, PAS, SpO<sub>2</sub>, disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD na angioTC pulmonar e na ecocardiografia de seguimento, al&#233;m de novas dosagens de troponina e NT-proBNP. A angioTC pulmonar e a ecocardiografia de seguimento foram realizadas a crit&#233;rio dos m&#233;dicos assistentes e n&#227;o eram obrigat&#243;rias pelo protocolo do estudo. Consequentemente, os exames de imagem de seguimento foram analisados como uma vari&#225;vel categ&#243;rica (dispon&#237;veis ou indispon&#237;veis entre 24 e 72 horas ap&#243;s a admiss&#227;o), em vez de serem analisados de acordo com o momento exato de sua realiza&#231;&#227;o. A mediana do tempo at&#233; a avalia&#231;&#227;o de seguimento dentro desse intervalo n&#227;o foi registrada de forma sistem&#225;tica entre os centros participantes.</p>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis de tratamento inclu&#237;ram realiza&#231;&#227;o de qualquer terapia de reperfus&#227;o, terapia avan&#231;ada de reperfus&#227;o (tromb&#243;lise sist&#234;mica, tromb&#243;lise dirigida por cateter ou TMP), tipo de dispositivo de trombectomia (FlowTriever, Penumbra, cateter <italic>pigtail</italic> ou outro) e uso de oxigena&#231;&#227;o por membrana extracorp&#243;rea (ECMO).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfecho prim&#225;rio composto</title>
        <p>O desfecho prim&#225;rio composto compreendeu: i) mortalidade hospitalar por todas as causas; ii) choque persistente ou hipotens&#227;o com necessidade de suporte vasopressor; iii) necessidade de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva; e iv) ECMO. Esses componentes representam um continuum cl&#237;nico de deteriora&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica em pacientes com EP de alto risco. O choque persistente ou a hipotens&#227;o com necessidade de suporte vasopressor refletem insufici&#234;ncia circulat&#243;ria persistente e constituem um marcador substituto bem estabelecido de mortalidade nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, particularmente entre pacientes submetidos &#224; reperfus&#227;o devido &#224; gravidade da apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica. Os componentes individuais do desfecho composto tamb&#233;m foram analisados como desfechos secund&#225;rios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>O desfecho composto foi escolhido para captar manifesta&#231;&#245;es clinicamente relevantes de deteriora&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o. Embora os componentes individuais apresentem diferentes graus de gravidade cl&#237;nica, todos refletem a incapacidade de alcan&#231;ar estabiliza&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico e o tratamento da EP aguda e representam est&#225;gios progressivos de um processo fisiopatol&#243;gico compartilhado, caracterizado por disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD, comprometimento circulat&#243;rio e hipoperfus&#227;o de &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da normalidade e estat&#237;stica descritiva</title>
          <p>A distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi avaliada por inspe&#231;&#227;o visual de histogramas e gr&#225;ficos quantil-quantil (Q-Q), sendo confirmada pelo teste de Shapiro-Wilk. Todas as principais vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas apresentaram distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal, com assimetria &#224; direita. Assim, as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o apresentadas como mediana e intervalo interquartil (IIQ, percentis 25&#186;-75&#186;). As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas s&#227;o apresentadas como frequ&#234;ncias e porcentagens. Os dados ausentes foram informados para cada vari&#225;vel, e nenhuma imputa&#231;&#227;o foi realizada nas an&#225;lises prim&#225;rias.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise bivariada</title>
          <p>As associa&#231;&#245;es entre vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas e o desfecho prim&#225;rio composto foram avaliadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado de independ&#234;ncia de Pearson. O teste exato de Fisher foi aplicado quando a frequ&#234;ncia esperada em qualquer c&#233;lula foi &lt; 5. O tamanho do efeito foi quantificado pelo V de Cram&#233;r.</p>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas por meio do teste <italic>U</italic> de Mann-Whitney (teste da soma dos postos de Wilcoxon), em raz&#227;o de suas distribui&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o normais. Os resultados s&#227;o apresentados como mediana e IIQ (percentis 25&#186;-75&#186;). O tamanho do efeito para as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foi calculado por meio da correla&#231;&#227;o bisserial por postos, definida como <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mi>r</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi>U</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>&#215;</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>. Todos os testes estat&#237;sticos foram bicaudais, e um valor de p &lt; 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel</title>
          <p>Foram ajustados dois modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel utilizando estima&#231;&#227;o por m&#225;xima verossimilhan&#231;a. A fun&#231;&#227;o de liga&#231;&#227;o logit foi utilizada para modelar o logaritmo das chances do desfecho prim&#225;rio de acordo com a equa&#231;&#227;o:<inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mi>logit</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>&#946;</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>&#946;</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>&#946;</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#8230;</mml:mo><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>&#946;</mml:mi><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> . As <italic>odds ratios</italic> (OR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95% (IC95%) foram obtidos pela exponencia&#231;&#227;o dos coeficientes de regress&#227;o, e a signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi avaliada pelo teste de Wald.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
          <p>O Modelo 1 (modelo de admiss&#227;o) incluiu choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o, disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD na ecocardiografia de seguimento, PAS de seguimento e estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o (n = 106 casos completos). O Modelo 2 (modelo longitudinal) incluiu disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento, PAS de seguimento e estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o (n = 60 casos completos). O choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o foi intencionalmente exclu&#237;do do Modelo 2 para evitar potencial vi&#233;s de colisor decorrente da inclus&#227;o do choque hospitalar como componente do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto.</p>
          <p>As vari&#225;veis consideradas clinicamente relevantes e/ou associadas ao desfecho prim&#225;rio nas an&#225;lises bivariadas (p &lt; 0,10) foram consideradas para inclus&#227;o nos modelos multivari&#225;veis. A sele&#231;&#227;o final dos modelos tamb&#233;m levou em considera&#231;&#227;o o n&#250;mero limitado de eventos do desfecho, a fim de reduzir o risco de sobreajuste. Para minimizar multicolinearidade e redund&#226;ncia, vari&#225;veis que representavam construtos cl&#237;nicos sobrepostos n&#227;o foram inclu&#237;das simultaneamente no mesmo modelo, como por exemplo PAS e choque cardiog&#234;nico, ou m&#250;ltiplos biomarcadores que refletem les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica ou estresse card&#237;aco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Desempenho e calibra&#231;&#227;o dos modelos</title>
          <p>O desempenho global dos modelos foi avaliado por meio do teste da raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a, do pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> de McFadden e do crit&#233;rio de informa&#231;&#227;o de Akaike. Um valor de pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> de McFadden &#8805; 0,20 foi considerado indicativo de excelente ajuste do modelo. A capacidade discriminativa foi avaliada por meio da &#225;rea sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor (AUC-ROC).</p>
          <p>A calibra&#231;&#227;o dos modelos foi avaliada pelo teste de qualidade de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow. Para avaliar o potencial de sobreajuste e o otimismo no desempenho aparente dos modelos, foi realizada valida&#231;&#227;o interna por reamostragem <italic>bootstrap</italic> com 1.000 itera&#231;&#245;es. Foram calculadas estimativas da AUC-ROC ajustadas para otimismo, bem como a inclina&#231;&#227;o e o intercepto da calibra&#231;&#227;o, para avaliar a estabilidade dos modelos e a confiabilidade esperada das predi&#231;&#245;es de risco em popula&#231;&#245;es independentes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise de dados ausentes</title>
          <p>A angioTC pulmonar de seguimento estava dispon&#237;vel para 72 dos 151 pacientes (47,7%). Foi realizada uma an&#225;lise pr&#233;-especificada de dados ausentes comparando as caracter&#237;sticas basais entre pacientes com e sem angioTC pulmonar de seguimento, com o objetivo de investigar se o mecanismo de dados ausentes era compat&#237;vel com dados completamente ausentes ao acaso, dados ausentes ao acaso ou dados ausentes n&#227;o ao acaso (<italic>missing not at random</italic> [MNAR]).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas por meio do teste <italic>U</italic> de Mann-Whitney, e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lise de subgrupos de reperfus&#227;o</title>
          <p>As caracter&#237;sticas basais e os desfechos cl&#237;nicos foram comparados descritivamente entre os grupos de estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o (sem reperfus&#227;o, tromb&#243;lise sist&#234;mica e TMP) para caracterizar o potencial confundimento por indica&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Tamb&#233;m foi realizada uma compara&#231;&#227;o explorat&#243;ria de acordo com o dispositivo de trombectomia utilizado (FlowTriever, Penumbra ou cateter <italic>pigtail</italic>).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Software</title>
          <p>Todas as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram realizadas no JASP vers&#227;o 0.97.0. Os testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos, as an&#225;lises de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica e as an&#225;lises da curva ROC foram conduzidos no JASP. As an&#225;lises confirmat&#243;rias e a gera&#231;&#227;o das figuras foram realizadas em Python 3.12 utilizando o Matplotlib vers&#227;o 3.8.0. A gera&#231;&#227;o de c&#243;digo assistida por intelig&#234;ncia artificial foi utilizada durante o processo de programa&#231;&#227;o, e todo o c&#243;digo, as an&#225;lises e os resultados foram revisados e verificados de forma independente pelos autores.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da coorte</title>
        <p>Um total de 151 pacientes foi inclu&#237;do na an&#225;lise. O desfecho prim&#225;rio composto ocorreu em 32 pacientes (21,2%), e a taxa de mortalidade hospitalar foi de 9,3% (n = 14). As caracter&#237;sticas basais, as vari&#225;veis longitudinais e os dados de tratamento, estratificados de acordo com a ocorr&#234;ncia do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto, s&#227;o apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> e na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais, vari&#225;veis de seguimento e desfechos cl&#237;nicos de acordo com o desfecho prim&#225;rio composto</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                  <th>Geral (n = 151)</th>
                  <th>Sem evento (n = 119)</th>
                  <th>Com evento (n = 32)</th>
                  <th>Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Dados demogr&#225;ficos e escores cl&#237;nicos</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade, mediana (IIQ), anos</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (57-76)</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (57-76)</td>
                  <td align="center">68 (58-75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,440</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sexo masculino, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (44,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (46,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (37,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,378</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore PESI, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">110 (79-138)</td>
                  <td align="center">105 (77-136)</td>
                  <td align="center">124 (89-158)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,061</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore sPESI, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (1-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>EP de alto risco (choque cardiog&#234;nico), n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (5,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (37,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Imagem basal e biomarcadores</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD na ecocardiografia, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">93 (62,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">70 (63,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (71,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,357</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Raz&#227;o VD/VE &gt; 1,0 na angioTC pulmonar, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">87 (57,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (54,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (68,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,151</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponina, mediana (IIQ), ng/L</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (35-188)</td>
                  <td align="center">91 (35-188)</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (40-189)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,347</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>NT-proBNP, mediana (IIQ), pg/mL</td>
                  <td align="center">2.812 (680-5.130)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.450 (675-4.515)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.927 (1.063-7.562)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,105</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>D&#237;mero D, mediana (IIQ), &#181;g/L</td>
                  <td align="center">9.800 (4.270-14.023)</td>
                  <td align="center">9.800 (4.270-14.023)</td>
                  <td align="center">7.525 (1.834-11.765)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,126</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Estrat&#233;gias de tratamento</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Qualquer terapia de reperfus&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">78 (51,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">61 (51,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (53,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,851</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Terapia avan&#231;ada de reperfus&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">71 (47,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">58 (48,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (40,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,414</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>TMP, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">46 (36,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">44/99 (44,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">2/18 (11,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,040</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tromb&#243;lise sist&#234;mica, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (15,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (21,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,113</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Vari&#225;veis de seguimento (24-72 h)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PAS de seguimento, mediana (IIQ), mmHg</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8212;</td>
                  <td align="center">125 (115-130)</td>
                  <td align="center">103 (100-127)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguim ento, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">22/72 (30,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">9/50 (18,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13/22 (59,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na ecocardiografia de seguimento, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">39/114 (34,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">23/75 (30,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">16/39 (41,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>NT-proBNP de seguimento, mediana (IIQ), pg/mL</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8212;</td>
                  <td align="center">656 (197-1.678)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.740 (920-7.555)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,039</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="5">
                    <bold>Desfechos cl&#237;nicos</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mortalidade hospitalar, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (9,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (43,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Choque ou hipotens&#227;o com necessidade de vasopressores, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (14,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (68,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (18,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ECMO, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (21,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Desfecho prim&#225;rio composto, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (21,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>AngioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; ECMO: oxigena&#231;&#227;o por membrana extracorp&#243;rea; EP: embolia pulmonar; IIQ: intervalo interquartil; N/A: n&#227;o aplic&#225;vel; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; sPESI: vers&#227;o simplificada do Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; TMP: trombectomia mec&#226;nica percut&#226;nea; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o apresentadas como mediana (IIQ [percentis 25&#186;-75&#186;]), e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas como n (%). As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney, enquanto as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson ou pelo teste exato de Fisher, conforme apropriado. Os denominadores das vari&#225;veis de seguimento variam de acordo com a disponibilidade dos dados: a angioTC pulmonar de seguimento estava dispon&#237;vel para 72 dos 151 pacientes (47,7%), e a ecocardiografia de seguimento para 114 dos 151 pacientes (75,5%). O denominador para TMP corresponde ao n&#250;mero de pacientes com dados do procedimento dispon&#237;veis (n = 125).</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e de biomarcadores basais de acordo com o desfecho prim&#225;rio composto. Boxplots comparando vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas, hemodin&#226;micas e biomarcadores basais entre pacientes que apresentaram o desfecho prim&#225;rio composto (vermelho) e aqueles que n&#227;o o apresentaram (azul) (n = 151). As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney bicaudal. As caixas representam o IIQ, a linha horizontal indica a mediana, os whiskers estendem-se at&#233; 1,5 &#215; IIQ e os pontos representam valores at&#237;picos. ***p &lt; 0,001; **p &lt; 0,01; *p &lt; 0,05. IIQ: intervalo interquartil; NS: n&#227;o significativo; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href=""/>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise bivariada do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto</title>
        <p>A an&#225;lise bivariada completa &#233; apresentada nas <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabelas 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">3</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">4</xref>, uma an&#225;lise multivariada de vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas &#233; representada na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 2</xref>. Entre as vari&#225;veis de imagem, a disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento foi o mais forte preditor categ&#243;rico do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 15,48, graus de liberdade [gl] = 1, p &lt; 0,001; OR 6,95).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Entre as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas, a PAS de seguimento apresentou a associa&#231;&#227;o mais forte com desfechos adversos (teste <italic>U</italic> de Mann-Whitney, p &lt; 0,001).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais de acordo com o status de reperfus&#227;o</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                  <th>Sem reperfus&#227;o (n = 73)</th>
                  <th>Reperfus&#227;o (n = 78)</th>
                  <th>Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade, anos, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">69 (57-79)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (57-73)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,574</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Peso corporal, kg, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">75 (68-83)</td>
                  <td align="center">84 (75-95)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,336</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Altura, cm, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">168 (160-172)</td>
                  <td align="center">170 (165-176)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,015<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore PESI, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (70-123)</td>
                  <td align="center">126 (90-150)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,040<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore sPESI, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,333</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, batimentos/min, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">90 (80-110)</td>
                  <td align="center">118 (96-125)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,237</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PAS, mmHg, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">120 (110-135)</td>
                  <td align="center">120 (109-135)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,328</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SpO<sub>2</sub>, %, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">92 (89-95)</td>
                  <td align="center">86 (84-90)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,165</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7/50 (14,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13/22 (59,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">20/132 (15,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">12/19 (63,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Desfecho prim&#225;rio composto, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (20,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (21,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,851</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mortalidade hospitalar, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (11,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (7,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,489</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>AngioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; IIQ: intervalo interquartil; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; sPESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index simplificado; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o apresentadas como mediana (IIQ [percentis 25&#186;-75&#186;]), e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas como n (%). As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney bicaudal, e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson. *p &lt; 0,05; ***p &lt; 0,001. O denominador para a disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento corresponde ao n&#250;mero de pacientes submetidos &#224; repeti&#231;&#227;o da angioTC pulmonar.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise bivariada das vari&#225;veis qualitativas associadas ao desfecho prim&#225;rio composto</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                  <th>Sem evento (n = 119)</th>
                  <th>Com evento (n = 32)</th>
                  <th>Valor de p</th>
                  <th>OR (IC95%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o basal do VD na ecocardiografia, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">70 (63,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (71,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,357</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8212;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Raz&#227;o basal VD/VE &gt; 1,0 na angioTC pulmonar, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (54,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (68,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,151</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8212;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Qualquer terapia de reperfus&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">58 (48,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (46,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,851</td>
                  <td align="center">0,93 (0,43-2,01)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (5,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (37,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">9,60 (3,47-26,57)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento, n (%)<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">9 (18,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (59,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">6,95 (2,39-20,21)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na ecocardiografia de seguimento, n (%)<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">23 (30,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (61,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">3,62 (1,48-8,86)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>AngioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; gl: graus de liberdade; IC95%: intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%; OR: odds ratio; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo. Os dados s&#227;o apresentados como n (%). Os valores de p foram calculados por meio do teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson (gl = 1, bicaudal). O teste exato de Fisher foi utilizado quando a frequ&#234;ncia esperada em qualquer c&#233;lula foi &lt; 5. <sup>&#8224;</sup>AngioTC pulmonar de seguimento dispon&#237;vel para 72 pacientes. <sup>&#8225;</sup>Ecocardiografia de seguimento dispon&#237;vel para 114 pacientes. ***p &lt; 0,001.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise bivariada das vari&#225;veis quantitativas associadas ao desfecho prim&#225;rio composto</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                  <th>Sem evento (n = 119)</th>
                  <th>Com evento (n = 32)</th>
                  <th>Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Altura, cm, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">170 (162-176)</td>
                  <td align="center">165 (162-170)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,015<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PAS de seguimento, mmHg, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">124 (115-130)</td>
                  <td align="center">102 (100-127)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SpO<sub>2</sub> de seguimento, %, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">95 (93-96)</td>
                  <td align="center">94 (92-95)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,013<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Troponina, ng/L, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">91 (35-188)</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (40-188)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,014<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>NT-proBNP de seguimento, pg/mL, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">656 (197-1.678)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.740 (920-7.555)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,039<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN4">
                <p>IIQ: intervalo interquartil; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o apresentadas como mediana (IIQ [percentis 25&#186;-75&#186;]). As compara&#231;&#245;es entre os grupos foram realizadas por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney bicaudal. *p &lt; 0,05; ***p &lt; 0,001.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Distribui&#231;&#227;o das principais vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas de acordo com o desfecho prim&#225;rio composto. Boxplots comparando vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas basais e de seguimento (24-72 horas) entre pacientes que apresentaram o desfecho prim&#225;rio composto (vermelho) e aqueles que n&#227;o o apresentaram (azul). A PAS de seguimento e o NT-proBNP de seguimento estiveram significativamente associados ao desfecho prim&#225;rio composto. As caixas representam o IIQ, a linha horizontal indica a mediana, os whiskers estendem-se at&#233; 1,5 &#215; IIQ e os pontos representam valores at&#237;picos. As compara&#231;&#245;es estat&#237;sticas foram realizadas por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney bicaudal. ***p &lt; 0,001; *p &lt; 0,05. Os tamanhos amostrais s&#227;o apresentados abaixo de cada boxplot. IIQ: intervalo interquartil; NS: n&#227;o significativo; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href=""/>
          </fig>
        </p>
        <p>Nenhuma estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o esteve significativamente associada ao desfecho prim&#225;rio composto nas an&#225;lises bivariadas. Os achados de imagem basais e os biomarcadores card&#237;acos, em geral, n&#227;o apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o significativa com desfechos adversos nesta coorte, enquanto diversas vari&#225;veis longitudinais demonstraram associa&#231;&#245;es mais fortes e consistentes com o desfecho prim&#225;rio composto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel</title>
        <p>Foram desenvolvidos dois modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 5</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 3</xref>). Em ambos os modelos, a PAS de seguimento permaneceu como preditor independente do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto. No modelo longitudinal (Modelo 2), a disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento tamb&#233;m permaneceu independentemente associada a desfechos hospitalares adversos.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Tabela 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel dos preditores independentes do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                  <th>Coeficiente &#946;</th>
                  <th>EP</th>
                  <th>Estat&#237;stica z de Wald</th>
                  <th>OR (IC95%)</th>
                  <th>Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Modelo 1 &#8211; Modelo de admiss&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">n = 106; pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> de McFadden = 0,301; AUC-ROC = 0,807; &#967;<sup>2</sup> da RV = 35,54; p da RV &lt; 0,001; AIC = 92,6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intercepto</td>
                  <td align="center">6,64</td>
                  <td align="center">2,69</td>
                  <td align="center">2,47</td>
                  <td align="center">765,7 (N/A)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,014</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">2,38</td>
                  <td align="center">0,75</td>
                  <td align="center">3,19</td>
                  <td align="center">10,82 (2,51-46,69)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001<sup>**</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na ecocardiografia de seguimento</td>
                  <td align="center">0,73</td>
                  <td align="center">0,69</td>
                  <td align="center">1,07</td>
                  <td align="center">2,08 (0,54-7,98)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,286</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PAS de seguimento (por 1 mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8211;0,071</td>
                  <td align="center">0,023</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8211;3,06</td>
                  <td align="center">0,93 (0,89-0,97)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,002<sup>**</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8211;0,80</td>
                  <td align="center">0,66</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8211;1,22</td>
                  <td align="center">0,45 (0,12-1,63)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,224</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Modelo 2 &#8211; Modelo longitudinal</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">n = 60; pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> de McFadden = 0,381; AUC-ROC = 0,874; &#967;<sup>2</sup> de Hosmer-Lemeshow = 7,00 (gl = 6; p = 0,321); &#967;<sup>2</sup> da RV = 27,96; p da RV &lt; 0,001; AIC = 53,3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intercepto</td>
                  <td align="center">10,61</td>
                  <td align="center">4,13</td>
                  <td align="center">2,57</td>
                  <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  <td align="center">0,010</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento</td>
                  <td align="center">2,27</td>
                  <td align="center">0,81</td>
                  <td align="center">2,79</td>
                  <td align="center">9,70 (1,96-47,89)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,005<sup>**</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PAS de seguimento (por 1 mmHg)</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8211;0,108</td>
                  <td align="center">0,037</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8211;2,95</td>
                  <td align="center">0,90 (0,83-0,96)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,003<sup>**</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8211;0,17</td>
                  <td align="center">0,80</td>
                  <td align="center">&#8211;0,21</td>
                  <td align="center">0,85 (0,18-4,05)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,836</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN5">
                <p>AIC: crit&#233;rio de informa&#231;&#227;o de Akaike; angioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; AUC-ROC: &#225;rea sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor; EP: erro-padr&#227;o; gl: graus de liberdade; IC95%: intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%; N/A: n&#227;o aplic&#225;vel; OR: odds ratio; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; RV: raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito. Os modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel foram ajustados utilizando estima&#231;&#227;o por m&#225;xima verossimilhan&#231;a. As OR foram obtidas pela exponencia&#231;&#227;o dos coeficientes de regress&#227;o (OR = exp[&#946;]), e os IC95% foram calculados como exp(&#946; &#177; 1,96 &#215; EP). A signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica foi avaliada pelo teste de Wald (z = &#946;/EP). Valores de pseudo-R2 de McFadden &#8805; 0,20 foram considerados indicativos de excelente ajuste do modelo. A calibra&#231;&#227;o foi avaliada pelo teste de qualidade de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow com oito grupos (gl = 6); p &gt; 0,05 indica calibra&#231;&#227;o adequada. A capacidade discriminativa foi avaliada pela AUC-ROC com base nas predi&#231;&#245;es aparentes (na pr&#243;pria amostra). **p &lt; 0,01.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f04">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Forest plot do modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel longitudinal (Modelo 2). Forest plot apresentando as OR ajustadas e os IC95% dos preditores independentes do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto identificados no modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivari&#225;vel longitudinal. O modelo foi ajustado utilizando estima&#231;&#227;o por m&#225;xima verossimilhan&#231;a (n = 60 casos completos). As OR foram calculadas como exp(&#946;), e os IC95% como exp(&#946; &#177; 1,96 &#215; EP). A linha vertical de refer&#234;ncia indica OR = 1,0. Losangos vermelhos representam fatores de risco estatisticamente significativos (OR &gt; 1; p &lt; 0,05), losangos azuis representam fatores de prote&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significativos (OR &lt; 1; p &lt; 0,05) e losangos cinza representam associa&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o significativas. Desempenho do modelo: AUC-ROC = 0,874; pseudo-R2 de McFadden = 0,381; p de Hosmer-Lemeshow = 0,321; p da RV &lt; 0,001. AngioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; AUC-ROC: &#225;rea sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor; EP: erro-padr&#227;o; IC95%: intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%; NS: n&#227;o significativo; OR: odds ratio; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; RV: raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href=""/>
          </fig>
        </p>
        <p>De modo geral, o modelo longitudinal demonstrou capacidade discriminativa e calibra&#231;&#227;o superiores em compara&#231;&#227;o com o modelo de admiss&#227;o. A AUC-ROC aparente foi de 0,874, enquanto a AUC ajustada para otimismo obtida por valida&#231;&#227;o <italic>bootstrap</italic> foi de 0,852 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figura 4</xref>). A calibra&#231;&#227;o permaneceu satisfat&#243;ria ap&#243;s a valida&#231;&#227;o interna, com inclina&#231;&#227;o de calibra&#231;&#227;o ajustada de 0,86 e intercepto de calibra&#231;&#227;o ajustado de 0,04, indicando boa concord&#226;ncia entre os riscos preditos e observados e evid&#234;ncia m&#237;nima de vi&#233;s sistem&#225;tico de predi&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f05">
            <label>Figura 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Discrimina&#231;&#227;o e calibra&#231;&#227;o do modelo preditivo longitudinal. Painel A: Curvas ROC comparando o modelo longitudinal (Modelo 2; AUC-ROC = 0,874, linha vermelha cont&#237;nua) com o modelo de admiss&#227;o (Modelo 1; AUC-ROC = 0,807, linha azul tracejada). Painel B: Gr&#225;fico de calibra&#231;&#227;o do modelo longitudinal. Cada ponto representa um decil de risco, com tamanho proporcional ao n&#250;mero de pacientes no respectivo grupo. O teste de qualidade de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow demonstrou calibra&#231;&#227;o adequada (&#967;2 = 7,00; gl = 6; p = 0,321). A AUC-ROC ajustada por bootstrap foi de 0,852, sustentando a robustez da capacidade discriminativa do modelo. AUC-ROC: &#225;rea sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor; gl: graus de liberdade.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href=""/>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise de dados ausentes da disponibilidade da angiotomografia computadorizada pulmonar de seguimento</title>
        <p>A angioTC pulmonar de seguimento estava dispon&#237;vel para 72 dos 151 pacientes (47,7%). Em compara&#231;&#227;o com os pacientes submetidos &#224; repeti&#231;&#227;o do exame de imagem, aqueles sem angioTC pulmonar de seguimento apresentaram, em geral, maior gravidade da doen&#231;a na avalia&#231;&#227;o basal (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Tabela 6</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">Figura 5</xref>), sugerindo um mecanismo informativo de dados ausentes compat&#237;vel com MNAR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Esses achados indicam que a decis&#227;o de realizar o exame de imagem de seguimento foi influenciada pela evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica do paciente, e n&#227;o ocorreu de forma aleat&#243;ria. As taxas de choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o, do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto e de terapia de reperfus&#227;o n&#227;o diferiram significativamente entre os grupos.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t6">
            <label>Tabela 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise de dados ausentes de acordo com a disponibilidade da angioTC pulmonar de seguimento</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                  <th>AngioTC pulmonar de seguimento dispon&#237;vel (n = 72)</th>
                  <th>AngioTC pulmonar de seguimento indispon&#237;vel (n = 79)</th>
                  <th>Valor de p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Idade, anos, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">68 (56-76)</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (58-72)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,912</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore PESI, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (53-124)</td>
                  <td align="center">125 (100-150)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore sPESI, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,010<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PAS na admiss&#227;o, mmHg, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">118 (105-130)</td>
                  <td align="center">126 (110-138)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,022<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca na admiss&#227;o, batimentos/min, mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">92 (80-115)</td>
                  <td align="center">110 (100-122)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>SpO<sub><bold>2</bold></sub> na admiss&#227;o, %, mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">90 (86-94)</td>
                  <td align="center">87 (85-92)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,018<sup>*</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Troponina, ng/L, mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">52 (13-174)</td>
                  <td align="center">134 (73-188)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,002<sup>**</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>NT-proBNP, pg/mL, mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">924 (98-3.814)</td>
                  <td align="center">4.100 (1.895-5.800)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001<sup>***</sup></td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (16,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (8,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,231</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Desfecho prim&#225;rio composto, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (27,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (15,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,091</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Qualquer terapia de reperfus&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (47,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (55,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,380</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o basal do VD na ecocardiografia, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">39 (54,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (69,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,084</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN6">
                <p>AngioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; IIQ: intervalo interquartil; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; sPESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index simplificado; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o apresentadas como mediana (IIQ [percentis 25&#186;-75&#186;]), e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas como n (%). As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram comparadas por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney bicaudal, enquanto as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson. ***p &lt; 0,001; **p &lt; 0,01; *p &lt; 0,05.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f06">
            <label>Figura 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais de acordo com a disponibilidade da angioTC pulmonar de seguimento. Boxplots comparando vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e biomarcadores basais entre pacientes com angioTC pulmonar de seguimento dispon&#237;vel (azul, n = 72) e aqueles sem angioTC pulmonar de seguimento (laranja, n = 79). Os pacientes sem angioTC pulmonar de seguimento apresentaram escores basais de PESI, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, troponina e n&#237;veis de NT-proBNP mais elevados, compat&#237;veis com um padr&#227;o informativo de dados ausentes consistente com MNAR. As caixas representam o IIQ, a linha horizontal indica a mediana, os whiskers estendem-se at&#233; 1,5 &#215; IIQ e os pontos representam valores at&#237;picos. As compara&#231;&#245;es estat&#237;sticas foram realizadas por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney bicaudal. ***p &lt; 0,001; **p &lt; 0,01; *p &lt; 0,05. AngioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; IIQ: intervalo interquartil; MNAR: dados ausentes n&#227;o ao acaso; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href=""/>
          </fig>
        </p>
        <p>O padr&#227;o observado de MNAR &#233; provavelmente explicado por dois mecanismos concorrentes. Primeiro, alguns pacientes apresentaram deteriora&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica precoce e encontravam-se clinicamente inst&#225;veis demais para serem submetidos &#224; repeti&#231;&#227;o do exame de imagem. Segundo, pacientes com r&#225;pida melhora cl&#237;nica podem n&#227;o ter realizado angioTC pulmonar de seguimento porque exames adicionais foram considerados desnecess&#225;rios pelos m&#233;dicos assistentes. Em conjunto, esses mecanismos podem ter enriquecido a amostra analisada com pacientes de gravidade cl&#237;nica intermedi&#225;ria. Consequentemente, a dire&#231;&#227;o e a magnitude do potencial vi&#233;s nas estimativas derivadas do Modelo 2 n&#227;o podem ser determinadas sem a aplica&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;todos formais para tratamento de dados ausentes, como imputa&#231;&#227;o m&#250;ltipla.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Esses achados refor&#231;am a necessidade de estudos prospectivos multic&#234;ntricos que incorporem angioTC pulmonar de seguimento prevista em protocolo em momentos predefinidos, independentemente da evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, para definir com maior precis&#227;o o valor progn&#243;stico da disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD e reduzir o potencial vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o relacionado &#224; repeti&#231;&#227;o dos exames de imagem.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Mortalidade hospitalar</title>
        <p>A taxa de mortalidade hospitalar foi de 9,3% (n = 14). Na an&#225;lise bivariada, a mortalidade esteve significativamente associada ao choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 7,51; p = 0,006), ao choque persistente ou hipotens&#227;o com necessidade de suporte vasopressor durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 5,54; p = 0,019), &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD na ecocardiografia (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 4,57; p = 0,032) e &#224; necessidade de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 4,30; p = 0,038). Em contrapartida, nem a raz&#227;o basal VD/VE na angioTC pulmonar (p = 0,970) nem os n&#237;veis basais de troponina (p = 0,851) apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o significativa com a mortalidade hospitalar, refor&#231;ando o maior valor progn&#243;stico das vari&#225;veis longitudinais em compara&#231;&#227;o com as medidas obtidas na admiss&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Estrat&#233;gias de reperfus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Entre os 78 pacientes (51,7%) submetidos &#224; terapia de reperfus&#227;o, 24 (15,9%) receberam tromb&#243;lise sist&#234;mica e 46 foram submetidos &#224; TMP, predominantemente com o dispositivo FlowTriever (n = 36). Nem a terapia de reperfus&#227;o em geral (p = 0,851) nem a terapia avan&#231;ada de reperfus&#227;o (p = 0,414) estiveram independentemente associadas ao desfecho prim&#225;rio composto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Conforme apresentado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Tabela 7</xref>, a distribui&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas basais entre os grupos de tratamento reflete importante confundimento por indica&#231;&#227;o. Os pacientes tratados com tromb&#243;lise sist&#234;mica apresentaram a maior preval&#234;ncia de choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o (37,5%), enquanto aqueles submetidos &#224; trombectomia mec&#226;nica apresentaram escores de PESI e concentra&#231;&#245;es de NT-proBNP mais elevados, por&#233;m menor preval&#234;ncia de choque cardiog&#234;nico (13,0%), compat&#237;vel com um fen&#243;tipo cl&#237;nico de alto risco, mas hemodinamicamente est&#225;vel. A incid&#234;ncia numericamente menor do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto no grupo submetido &#224; trombectomia (13,0% versus 20,5% no grupo sem reperfus&#227;o) deve, portanto, ser interpretada com cautela, uma vez que provavelmente &#233; atribu&#237;vel &#224; sele&#231;&#227;o do tratamento com base nas caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais, e n&#227;o a um verdadeiro efeito terap&#234;utico.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t7">
            <label>Tabela 7</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais e desfechos cl&#237;nicos de acordo com a estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                  <th>Sem reperfus&#227;o (n = 73)</th>
                  <th>Tromb&#243;lise sist&#234;mica (n = 24)</th>
                  <th>TMP (n = 46)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (37,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (13,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore PESI, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (70-123)</td>
                  <td align="center">117 (105-148)</td>
                  <td align="center">137 (116-156)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>NT-proBNP, pg/mL, mediana (IIQ)</td>
                  <td align="center">820 (86-5.805)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.128 (1.554-6.852)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.828 (2.201-4.912)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Desfecho prim&#225;rio composto, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15/73 (20,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">8/24 (33,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">6/46 (13,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mortalidade hospitalar, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">8/73 (11,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">3/24 (12,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">2/46 (4,3)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN7">
                <p>IIQ: intervalo interquartil; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; TMP: trombectomia mec&#226;nica percut&#226;nea. Os dados s&#227;o apresentados de forma descritiva. N&#227;o foram realizadas compara&#231;&#245;es estat&#237;sticas formais devido ao pequeno tamanho das amostras e &#224; presen&#231;a de importante confundimento por indica&#231;&#227;o. Os grupos de reperfus&#227;o n&#227;o foram mutuamente exclusivos para todos os pacientes.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Principais achados</title>
        <p>Os presentes achados sugerem que marcadores de risco j&#225; incorporados aos modelos contempor&#226;neos de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco da ESC e da AHA/ACC mant&#234;m substancial valor progn&#243;stico quando reavaliados durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o. A avalia&#231;&#227;o seriada da recupera&#231;&#227;o do VD e da estabiliza&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica parece fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas incrementais em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s dispon&#237;veis na admiss&#227;o. A disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento (OR 9,70; IC95%, 1,96-47,89; p = 0,005) e a PAS de seguimento (OR 0,90 por mmHg; IC95%, 0,83-0,96; p = 0,003) emergiram como os principais preditores independentes de desfechos hospitalares adversos, enquanto biomarcadores da admiss&#227;o, escores de risco estabelecidos e estrat&#233;gias de reperfus&#227;o n&#227;o estiveram independentemente associados ao desfecho prim&#225;rio composto. Esses achados ampliam o modelo progn&#243;stico proposto pelas diretrizes da ESC de 2019 e pela diretriz da AHA/ACC de 2026 ao destacar a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica do risco durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Conforme ilustrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07">Figura 6</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura Central</xref>, pacientes com disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD acompanhada de evolu&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica desfavor&#225;vel apresentaram taxas substancialmente mais elevadas de deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica hospitalar.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f07">
            <label>Figura 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica das vari&#225;veis associadas ao desfecho prim&#225;rio composto. O comprimento das barras representa os valores de &#8211;log10(valor de p) derivados das an&#225;lises bivariadas, utilizando o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas e o teste U de Mann-Whitney bicaudal para vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas. A linha vermelha tracejada indica o limiar de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica (p = 0,05), e a linha laranja pontilhada indica p = 0,01. As cores identificam as categorias das vari&#225;veis: exames de imagem de seguimento (vermelho), hemodin&#226;mica de seguimento (laranja), biomarcadores de seguimento (dourado), vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas basais (azul), escores de risco basais (verde), biomarcadores basais (roxo), componentes do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto (vermelho-escuro) e vari&#225;veis de tratamento (cinza). Barras mais longas indicam evid&#234;ncias estat&#237;sticas mais fortes de associa&#231;&#227;o com o desfecho prim&#225;rio composto. AngioTC: angiotomografia computadorizada; NT-proBNP: fragmento N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; PMT: trombectomia mec&#226;nica percut&#226;nea; sPESI: vers&#227;o simplificada do Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href=""/>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Justificativa para o desfecho composto e significado cl&#237;nico do choque/hipotens&#227;o</title>
        <p>O desfecho composto, compreendendo mortalidade por todas as causas, ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, ECMO e choque ou hipotens&#227;o com necessidade de suporte vasopressor, foi pr&#233;-especificado porque esses eventos representam um continuum cl&#237;nico de fal&#234;ncia do VD e descompensa&#231;&#227;o circulat&#243;ria progressiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> No contexto espec&#237;fico da EP de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto e alto, em que os pacientes foram considerados candidatos &#224; reperfus&#227;o em raz&#227;o da gravidade do comprometimento hemodin&#226;mico, o choque persistente ou recorrente com necessidade de suporte vasopressor n&#227;o deve ser considerado um desfecho de menor import&#226;ncia. Ao contr&#225;rio, ele reflete obstru&#231;&#227;o vascular pulmonar persistente, falha da recupera&#231;&#227;o do VD apesar do tratamento e constitui um marcador substituto estabelecido de mortalidade em curto prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Esse modelo conceitual &#233; consistente com o estudo PEITHO, no qual a descompensa&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica foi o principal componente contribuinte para o desfecho composto, e com a diretriz da AHA/ACC sobre EP de 2026, que identifica a incapacidade de manter a estabilidade hemodin&#226;mica como uma caracter&#237;stica definidora de falha terap&#234;utica na EP de alto risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Embora os componentes individuais do desfecho composto apresentem diferentes graus de gravidade cl&#237;nica, todos indicam falha em alcan&#231;ar estabiliza&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico e o tratamento da EP aguda. Em nossa coorte, o choque persistente com necessidade de suporte vasopressor foi o componente mais frequente, enquanto ECMO e ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva ocorreram com menor frequ&#234;ncia e identificaram pacientes com comprometimento cardiopulmonar mais avan&#231;ado. Consequentemente, as associa&#231;&#245;es observadas devem ser interpretadas como preditoras de deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica hospitalar global, e n&#227;o apenas de mortalidade. Como o choque persistente foi inclu&#237;do como componente do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto, tamb&#233;m desenvolvemos um modelo longitudinal que excluiu o choque cardiog&#234;nico na admiss&#227;o. A consist&#234;ncia dos achados em ambos os modelos multivari&#225;veis refor&#231;a a robustez das associa&#231;&#245;es observadas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o longitudinal da disfun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito</title>
        <p>O desempenho discriminativo superior da disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD na angioTC pulmonar de seguimento (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 15,48), em compara&#231;&#227;o com a avalia&#231;&#227;o basal por angioTC pulmonar (p = 0,302), sustenta a hip&#243;tese de que a avalia&#231;&#227;o seriada da fun&#231;&#227;o do VD fornece informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas incrementais em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial. Esse achado &#233; consistente com evid&#234;ncias de metan&#225;lises que demonstram um aumento aproximado de 2,5 vezes na mortalidade entre pacientes com raz&#227;o basal VD/VE &#8805; 1,0.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> A associa&#231;&#227;o mais forte observada para a angioTC pulmonar de seguimento em nossa coorte pode refletir a menor variabilidade interobservador das medidas obtidas por tomografia, a maior padroniza&#231;&#227;o da raz&#227;o VD/VE e a capacidade da avalia&#231;&#227;o seriada por imagem de identificar a falha na recupera&#231;&#227;o do VD ao longo do tempo.</p>
        <p>A disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD avaliada por ecocardiografia tamb&#233;m esteve significativamente associada ao desfecho prim&#225;rio composto (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 11,18; p &lt; 0,001).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> O menor valor do qui-quadrado em compara&#231;&#227;o com a angioTC pulmonar de seguimento pode ser atribu&#237;do &#224; maior depend&#234;ncia do operador na ecocardiografia e &#224; variabilidade de sua disponibilidade entre os centros participantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Embora a angioTC pulmonar de seguimento tenha demonstrado a associa&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica mais forte nesta coorte, esse achado deve ser interpretado no contexto da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica rotineira. A repeti&#231;&#227;o da angioTC pulmonar n&#227;o era obrigat&#243;ria pelo protocolo do estudo e foi frequentemente realizada para investigar sintomas persistentes, avaliar disfun&#231;&#227;o residual do VD ou esclarecer a resposta ao tratamento. Consequentemente, os pacientes submetidos ao exame de imagem de seguimento provavelmente representaram um subgrupo clinicamente selecionado, com maior probabilidade de doen&#231;a residual e desfechos adversos. Portanto, nossos resultados n&#227;o devem ser interpretados como evid&#234;ncia de que a angioTC pulmonar seriada seja superior ao acompanhamento ecocardiogr&#225;fico. Em vez disso, eles sustentam o conceito mais amplo de que a persist&#234;ncia da disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD detectada durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, independentemente da modalidade de imagem utilizada, carrega importantes informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas.</p>
        <p>Em conjunto, esses achados refor&#231;am o conceito de que a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco na EP aguda n&#227;o deve ser considerada uma avalia&#231;&#227;o &#250;nica realizada na admiss&#227;o hospitalar. Em vez disso, o risco do paciente parece evoluir de acordo com a trajet&#243;ria de recupera&#231;&#227;o do VD e da estabiliza&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica. A classifica&#231;&#227;o inicial de risco define a gravidade basal da doen&#231;a, enquanto a avalia&#231;&#227;o seriada identifica os pacientes que permanecem em maior risco apesar de receberem tratamento adequado.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Calibra&#231;&#227;o do modelo</title>
        <p>O teste de qualidade de ajuste de Hosmer-Lemeshow para o Modelo 2 apresentou valor de &#967;<sup>2</sup> = 7,00 (gl = 6; p = 0,321), indicando calibra&#231;&#227;o satisfat&#243;ria na coorte do estudo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figura 4</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Tabela 8</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Esse resultado sustenta a confiabilidade dos riscos preditos pelo modelo ao longo da faixa observada de probabilidades do desfecho. No entanto, a valida&#231;&#227;o externa em uma coorte independente &#233; necess&#225;ria antes que o modelo possa ser considerado para aplica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica rotineira.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t8">
            <label>Tabela 8</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Valida&#231;&#227;o interna (<italic>bootstrap</italic>)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">M&#233;trica de desempenho do modelo</th>
                  <th>Valor</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Desempenho aparente do modelo</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> de McFadden</td>
                  <td align="center">0,381</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>&#967;<sup>2</sup> de Hosmer-Lemeshow (valor de p)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (0,321)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AUC-ROC aparente</td>
                  <td align="center">0,874</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Valida&#231;&#227;o interna por bootstrap (1.000 reamostragens)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AUC-ROC ajustada para otimismo</td>
                  <td align="center">0,852</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Inclina&#231;&#227;o de calibra&#231;&#227;o ajustada para otimismo</td>
                  <td align="center">0,860</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Intercepto de calibra&#231;&#227;o ajustado para otimismo</td>
                  <td align="center">0,040</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN8">
                <p>AUC-ROC: &#225;rea sob a curva caracter&#237;stica de opera&#231;&#227;o do receptor.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Evolu&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica e press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica</title>
        <p>A PAS de seguimento emergiu como um preditor cont&#237;nuo, estatisticamente significativo e independente do desfecho prim&#225;rio composto (teste <italic>U</italic> de Mann-Whitney, p &lt; 0,001; OR multivari&#225;vel de 0,90 por mmHg). Cada redu&#231;&#227;o de 1 mmHg na PAS de seguimento pode refletir a progress&#227;o de insufici&#234;ncia compensada para insufici&#234;ncia descompensada do VD, em conson&#226;ncia com a fisiopatologia do <italic>cor pulmonale</italic> agudo, na qual mesmo redu&#231;&#245;es discretas da PAS em pacientes inicialmente normotensos podem sinalizar desacoplamento progressivo entre VD e VE e iminente colapso circulat&#243;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Assim, a persist&#234;ncia da disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD combinada com valores mais baixos de PAS de seguimento identifica um fen&#243;tipo de recupera&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica incompleta. Essa avalia&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica complementa, e n&#227;o substitui, os sistemas estabelecidos de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco baseados na admiss&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados ausentes informativos e suas implica&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>A an&#225;lise de dados ausentes demonstrou que os pacientes sem angioTC pulmonar de seguimento apresentavam gravidade substancialmente maior na admiss&#227;o, incluindo concentra&#231;&#227;o mediana de NT-proBNP aproximadamente quatro vezes mais elevada (4.100 versus 924 pg/mL; p = 0,001) e escore mediano de PESI aproximadamente 25 pontos superior (125 versus 100; p &lt; 0,001). Esse padr&#227;o &#233; consistente com um mecanismo de MNAR, conforme originalmente descrito por Rubin,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> indicando que a an&#225;lise de casos completos no Modelo 2 pode ter produzido estimativas enviesadas, embora a dire&#231;&#227;o e a magnitude desse vi&#233;s permane&#231;am incertas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
        <p>&#201; importante destacar que o padr&#227;o observado de MNAR pode ter influenciado tanto a estimativa do tamanho do efeito quanto a sele&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes. Pacientes que n&#227;o puderam ser submetidos &#224; angioTC pulmonar de seguimento devido &#224; deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica precoce podem ter representado um subgrupo com disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD e piores desfechos que n&#227;o foi capturado na an&#225;lise de casos completos. Por outro lado, pacientes que apresentaram r&#225;pida melhora cl&#237;nica tamb&#233;m podem ter sido menos propensos a realizar repeti&#231;&#227;o do exame de imagem, uma vez que uma avalia&#231;&#227;o adicional por angioTC pulmonar foi considerada desnecess&#225;ria pelos m&#233;dicos assistentes. Consequentemente, a associa&#231;&#227;o observada entre disfun&#231;&#227;o persistente do VD e desfechos adversos deve ser interpretada com a devida cautela. Al&#233;m disso, como a repeti&#231;&#227;o da angioTC pulmonar foi realizada a crit&#233;rio dos m&#233;dicos assistentes, a decis&#227;o de solicitar o exame de seguimento pode ter sido influenciada pela evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica do paciente ou pelos achados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos, introduzindo uma fonte adicional de vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o p&#243;s-basal.</p>
        <p>Estudos futuros devem incorporar exames seriados de imagem previstos em protocolo, independentemente da evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, ou aplicar abordagens estat&#237;sticas especificamente desenvolvidas para lidar com dados ausentes informativos, incluindo imputa&#231;&#227;o m&#250;ltipla e an&#225;lises de sensibilidade apropriadas para mecanismos de MNAR.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Estrat&#233;gias de reperfus&#227;o e confundimento por indica&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>O manejo da EP de risco intermedi&#225;rio-alto e alto evoluiu substancialmente com a crescente ado&#231;&#227;o de terapias de reperfus&#227;o por cateter.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> O estudo PEITHO<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> demonstrou que a fibrin&#243;lise sist&#234;mica reduziu o desfecho composto de morte ou descompensa&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica em 7 dias (OR 0,44; p = 0,02), embora esse benef&#237;cio tenha sido acompanhado por maior risco de sangramento maior. Posteriormente, o estudo FLARE<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> demonstrou melhora significativa da raz&#227;o VD/VE ap&#243;s trombectomia mec&#226;nica com o sistema FlowTriever em pacientes com EP de risco intermedi&#225;rio, e o estudo FLAME<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> relatou desfechos favor&#225;veis em pacientes selecionados com EP de alto risco tratados com trombectomia mec&#226;nica de grande calibre.</p>
        <p>Evid&#234;ncias randomizadas mais recentes do estudo PEERLESS<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref></sup> refor&#231;am ainda mais o papel crescente da reperfus&#227;o por cateter, demonstrando melhores desfechos cl&#237;nicos com trombectomia mec&#226;nica em compara&#231;&#227;o com tromb&#243;lise dirigida por cateter em pacientes selecionados com EP de risco intermedi&#225;rio. Da mesma forma, o estudo STORM-PE<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> forneceu evid&#234;ncias prospectivas adicionais que sustentam a efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a das estrat&#233;gias contempor&#226;neas de reperfus&#227;o por cateter.</p>
        <p>Em conjunto, esses estudos sugerem que o sucesso da reperfus&#227;o n&#227;o deve ser considerado a etapa final da estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco. Em vez disso, o uso crescente de terapias avan&#231;adas de reperfus&#227;o refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua da recupera&#231;&#227;o do VD e da estabiliza&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o. Os achados do registro RED-EP sustentam um paradigma de estratifica&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica de risco, no qual a reavalia&#231;&#227;o seriada da fun&#231;&#227;o do VD pode identificar pacientes que permanecem em maior risco apesar de uma reperfus&#227;o aparentemente bem-sucedida.</p>
        <p>Esse conceito &#233; ainda refor&#231;ado pelas recomenda&#231;&#245;es do The PERT Consortium,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup> que enfatizam o acompanhamento cl&#237;nico e por imagem em longo prazo ap&#243;s a EP aguda, particularmente em pacientes com sintomas persistentes, disfun&#231;&#227;o residual do VD ou evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica complexa.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
        <p>Este estudo apresenta v&#225;rias limita&#231;&#245;es. Primeiro, o tamanho relativamente pequeno da amostra (n = 151), particularmente o n&#250;mero limitado de pacientes com dados longitudinais completos de angioTC pulmonar (n = 60), restringiu a complexidade das an&#225;lises multivari&#225;veis e limitou o poder estat&#237;stico. Embora o desempenho do modelo tenha sido inicialmente avaliado por estimativas aparentes, a reamostragem <italic>bootstrap</italic> com 1.000 itera&#231;&#245;es produziu m&#233;tricas de desempenho ajustadas para otimismo que sustentaram a estabilidade e a validade interna do modelo longitudinal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Segundo, a an&#225;lise de dados ausentes demonstrou um mecanismo informativo de MNAR, com os pacientes sem angioTC pulmonar de seguimento apresentando, em geral, maior gravidade da doen&#231;a na admiss&#227;o. Consequentemente, a an&#225;lise de casos completos pode ter produzido estimativas enviesadas, cuja dire&#231;&#227;o e magnitude permanecem incertas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Terceiro, a angioTC pulmonar de seguimento n&#227;o era obrigat&#243;ria pelo protocolo do estudo e foi mais frequentemente realizada em pacientes com sintomas persistentes, recupera&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica incompleta ou altera&#231;&#245;es ecocardiogr&#225;ficas persistentes. Portanto, o desempenho progn&#243;stico superior observado para a angioTC pulmonar seriada pode refletir parcialmente a sele&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica dos pacientes, e n&#227;o uma vantagem intr&#237;nseca da modalidade de imagem.</p>
        <p>Por fim, a heterogeneidade terap&#234;utica entre os centros participantes, juntamente com as mudan&#231;as nas pr&#225;ticas de tratamento ao longo do per&#237;odo do estudo, limita a interpreta&#231;&#227;o e a generaliza&#231;&#227;o das compara&#231;&#245;es entre as estrat&#233;gias de reperfus&#227;o. Al&#233;m disso, as an&#225;lises de acordo com o subtipo de dispositivo de trombectomia foram limitadas pelo pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes em cada subgrupo.</p>
        <p>Consequentemente, esses achados devem ser considerados geradores de hip&#243;teses e necessitam de confirma&#231;&#227;o em estudos prospectivos de maior porte que incorporem exames seriados de imagem previstos em protocolo e valida&#231;&#227;o externa.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>A reavalia&#231;&#227;o de marcadores de risco estabelecidos durante a hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o pode auxiliar na identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes que permanecem em maior risco apesar da classifica&#231;&#227;o inicial de risco e do tratamento. Esses achados sustentam o conceito de estratifica&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica de risco na EP aguda, sugerindo que a trajet&#243;ria de recupera&#231;&#227;o do VD e da estabiliza&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica fornece informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas clinicamente relevantes al&#233;m daquelas obtidas na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial. Estudos prospectivos adicionais s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para estabelecer a abordagem ideal para a avalia&#231;&#227;o longitudinal do risco e validar o papel da avalia&#231;&#227;o seriada da fun&#231;&#227;o do VD na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica rotineira.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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      <fn fn-type="other">
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      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Uso de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial:</label>
        <p> Durante a prepara&#231;&#227;o deste trabalho, o(s) autor(es) usaram Claude (Anthropic) para revis&#227;o e tradu&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito para a vers&#227;o final em ingl&#234;s. Ap&#243;s o uso desta ferramenta/servi&#231;o, o(s) autor(es) revisaram e editaram o conte&#250;do conforme necess&#225;rio e assumem total responsabilidade pelo conte&#250;do do artigo publicado.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
        <label>Disponibilidade de Dados:</label>
        <p> Os conte&#250;dos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa est&#227;o contidos no manuscrito.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <label>Fontes de Financiamento:</label>
        <p> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
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    </fn-group>
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      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260468i</article-id>
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          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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          <name>
            <surname>Perea</surname>
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          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
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            <sup>2</sup>
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          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
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            <sup>1</sup>
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            <sup>2</sup>
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          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
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            <sup>3</sup>
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            <sup>5</sup>
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          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
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            <sup>6</sup>
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          <name>
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          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
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            <sup>7</sup>
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            <sup>8</sup>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0143-4885</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Toquica</surname>
            <given-names>Alex Rivera</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12001">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7420-1508</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>&#193;lvarez</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13001">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-7598-9139</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>P&#233;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Ysmenia D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14001">
            <sup>14</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4354-3139</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Morej&#243;n</surname>
            <given-names>Paola</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15001">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-0921-5064</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fern&#225;ndez</surname>
            <given-names>Karina G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16001">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-5917-7387</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mogoll&#243;n</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17001">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-4606-5531</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cardona</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18001">
            <sup>18</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2872-767X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>P&#233;rez</surname>
            <given-names>Gonzalo Emanuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19001">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8950-2087</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>L&#243;pez-Ruiz</surname>
            <given-names>Arnaldo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20001">
            <sup>20</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PY">Paraguay</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cardiopulomonary Institute LW Randall &#8211; Cardiovascular, Asunci&#243;n &#8211; Paraguay</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="AR">Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sanatorio Guemes &#8211; Unidad Coronaria, Buenos Aires &#8211; Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="CL">Chile</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Hern&#225;n Henr&#237;quez Aravena &#8211; Cardiolog&#237;a, Temuco &#8211; Chile</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais &#8211; Cardiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio &#8211; Liban&#234;s Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Cardiologia, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="CL">Chile</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidad de Chile &#8211; Cardiologia, Santiago &#8211; Chile</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Biocor Hospital de Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares Ltda &#8211; Cardiologia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BO">Bolivia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Obrero No 1, La Paz &#8211; Bolivia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9001">
        <label>9</label>
        <country country="EC">Ecuador</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de especialidades Guayaquil Abel Gilbert Ponton, Guayaquil &#8211; Ecuador</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10001">
        <label>10</label>
        <country country="AR">Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Sanatorio Allende &#8211; Cardiologia, C&#243;rdoba &#8211; Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11001">
        <label>11</label>
        <country country="MX">Mexico</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiolog&#237;a Ignacio Ch&#225;vez, State of Mexico - Mexico</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff12001">
        <label>12</label>
        <country country="CO">Colombia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinica los Rosales, Risaralda &#8211; Colombia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff13001">
        <label>13</label>
        <country country="CO">Colombia</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Fundacion Santa Fe de Bogota &#8211; Cardiologia, Bogot&#225; &#8211; Colombia</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff14001">
        <label>14</label>
        <country country="DO">Dominican Republic</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital General y Especialidades Dr.Mario Tolentino Dipp &#8211; Cardiologia, Santo Domingo &#8211; Dominican Republic</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff15001">
        <label>15</label>
        <country country="EC">Ecuador</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinica Guayaquil &#8211; Cardiologia, Guayaquil &#8211; Ecuador</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff16001">
        <label>16</label>
        <country country="PE">Peru</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Emergencias Jos&#233; Casimiro Ulloa &#8211; Cardiologia, Lima &#8211; Peru</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff17001">
        <label>17</label>
        <country country="VE">Venezuela</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Medico San Francisco &#8211; Cardiologia, Caracas &#8211; Venezuela</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff18001">
        <label>18</label>
        <country country="AR">Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hola Hospital Privado de Rosario &#8211; Cardiologia, Rosario &#8211; Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff19001">
        <label>19</label>
        <country country="AR">Argentina</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Clinica Olivos &#8211; Cardiology, Buenos Aires &#8211; Argentina</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff20001">
        <label>20</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">AdventHealth Orlando -&#8211; Department of Critical Care, Orlando, Florida &#8211; USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Miguel A. Quintana Cardiopulomonary Institute LW Randall &#8211; Cardiovascular &#8211; Espa&#241;a Avenue, 649, Asunci&#243;n, 1733 &#8211; Paraguay E-mail: maquintanadasilva@gmail.com </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p> Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potential Conflict of Interest:</label>
          <p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> Risk stratification in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is based primarily on findings obtained at hospital admission. However, whether serial assessment of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and hemodynamic changes provides incremental prognostic value beyond the initial risk stratification remains uncertain.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p> To evaluate longitudinal clinical and imaging variables associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in patients with intermediate-high- and high-risk acute PE.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> This prospective registry included patients with intermediate-high- and high-risk acute PE. The primary composite endpoint comprised in-hospital mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, persistent shock or hypotension, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Longitudinal variables were assessed 24-72 hours after admission. All statistical tests were two-tailed, and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed, and discriminative performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). A prespecified missing-data analysis was performed to assess the availability of follow-up computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> The primary composite endpoint occurred in 21.2% of the 151 patients, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 9.3%. Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 15.48; p &lt; 0.001) and follow-up systolic blood pressure (SBP; p &lt; 0.001) were the strongest individual predictors of adverse outcomes. In the longitudinal multivariable model (n = 60), persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA (OR 9.70; 95%CI, 1.96-47.89; p = 0.005) and follow-up SBP (OR 0.90; 95%CI, 0.83-0.96; p = 0.003) remained independent predictors. The model demonstrated excellent discrimination (AUC-ROC = 0.874) and adequate calibration. The missing-data analysis showed that patients without follow-up CTPA were more severely ill at baseline, consistent with a missing not at random mechanism.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p> Reassessment of established risk markers during hospitalization may improve identification of patients who remain at high risk despite initial risk classification and treatment. Persistent RV dysfunction and lower follow-up SBP were independently associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes, which supports the use of dynamic risk stratification in acute PE.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Central Illustration</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: Persistent Right Ventricular Dysfunction and Hemodynamic Evolution Predict In-Hospital Deterioration in Intermediate-High- and High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href=""/>
            <attrib>Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA and lower follow-up SBP were independently associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes. Serial reassessment of RV function and hemodynamic status during hospitalization may improve risk stratification beyond the initial baseline assessment in patients with acute PE. AHA/ACC: American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology; AUC-ROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ESC: European Society of Cardiology; MNAR: missing not at random; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; OR: odds ratio; PE: pulmonary embolism; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; PMT: percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy; RV: right ventricle; LV: left ventricle; SBP: systolic blood pressure; sPESI: simplified PESI.</attrib>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Embolism</kwd>
        <kwd>Right Ventricular Dysfunction</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemodynamics</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiogenic Shock</kwd>
        <kwd>Reperfusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Thrombectomy</kwd>
        <kwd>Logistic Models</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with an estimated global incidence of more than 1-2 cases per 1,000 person-years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Contemporary risk stratification frameworks, including those endorsed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology (AHA/ACC), classify patients according to hemodynamic status, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction detected by echocardiography or computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and cardiac biomarkers, including troponin and B-type natriuretic peptides (BNP).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) and its simplified version (sPESI), both derived and prospectively validated in large cohorts, provide reliable estimates of 30-day mortality risk based solely on clinical variables.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Nevertheless, a clinically important proportion of patients classified as having intermediate-high- or high-risk PE experiences in-hospital clinical deterioration that is not fully predicted by the initial assessment. The PEITHO trial highlighted the prognostic heterogeneity within the intermediate-risk population, demonstrating that the combination of RV dysfunction and increased troponin levels does not consistently identify patients who will subsequently develop hemodynamic instability.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>RV dysfunction, assessed by either echocardiography or CTPA, is an independent predictor of adverse outcomes. Some meta-analyses have shown that echocardiographic RV dysfunction is associated with a 2.29-fold increase in short-term mortality, whereas an RV/left ventricular (LV) ratio &#8805; 1.0 on CTPA is associated with an approximately 2.5-fold increase in mortality risk.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Cardiac troponins and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP) further improve risk stratification in normotensive patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The concept of dynamic risk stratification, based on serial assessment of hemodynamic parameters, RV function, and cardiac biomarkers during hospitalization, has received increasing attention. Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up imaging may reflect unresolved pulmonary vascular obstruction, delayed hemodynamic recovery, or progressive circulatory impairment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In parallel, advances in catheter-based reperfusion therapies, including percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) with devices such as FlowTriever, evaluated in the FLARE and FLAME studies, and the Penumbra system, have expanded treatment options for patients with high-risk PE. However, in observational studies, the relationship between reperfusion strategy and clinical outcomes remains difficult to interpret because of indication bias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The RED-EP registry is a prospective multicenter cohort established to characterize the clinical presentation, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes of patients with intermediate-high- and high-risk PE in real-world Latin American settings. The present analysis investigated whether longitudinal changes in hemodynamic parameters and RV function provide prognostic information beyond admission-based risk assessment, and whether reperfusion strategy is independently associated with in-hospital outcomes after adjustment for disease severity.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study design and population</title>
          <p>This prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study enrolled consecutive patients with CTPA-confirmed acute PE classified as intermediate-high or high risk at participating centers across the Americas over a 12-month period, from April 2025 to April 2026. Data were collected prospectively using the mawe platform. High-risk PE was defined according to the 2019 ESC guidelines as hemodynamic instability, including cardiogenic shock or sustained hypotension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] &lt; 90 mmHg or a decrease of &#8805; 40 mmHg lasting more than 15 minutes that could not be explained by new-onset arrhythmia, hypovolemia, or sepsis).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Intermediate-high-risk PE was defined as the presence of both RV dysfunction on imaging (CTPA and/or echocardiography) and increased cardiac biomarkers (troponin and/or BNP or NT-proBNP) in hemodynamically stable patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study objectives</title>
          <p>The primary objective was to evaluate longitudinal variables associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes in patients with intermediate-high- and high-risk acute PE, regardless of whether they underwent reperfusion therapy. Reperfusion strategies were selected according to institutional protocols and local resource availability across participating centers.</p>
          <p>The secondary objectives were to i) compare admission and longitudinal variables as predictors of adverse outcomes; ii) evaluate the association between specific reperfusion strategies and clinical outcomes; and iii) perform an exploratory analysis of outcomes according to the subtype of PMT device.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Variable definitions</title>
          <p>Admission variables were age, sex, body weight, height, comorbidities, heart rate, SBP, SpO<sub>2</sub>, PESI,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> sPESI,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmb&#243;lica bleeding score, high-sensitivity troponin, NT-proBNP, BNP, D-dimer, baseline RV dysfunction on CTPA (defined as an RV/LV ratio &#8805; 1.0 on the axial four-chamber view),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> baseline RV dysfunction on echocardiography, and the presence of cardiogenic shock.</p>
          <p>Longitudinal variables were assessed 24-72 hours after hospital admission and included follow-up heart rate, SBP, SpO<sub>2</sub>, RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA and echocardiography, repeat troponin, and repeat NT-proBNP measurements. Follow-up CTPA and echocardiography were performed at the discretion of the treating physicians and were not mandated by the study protocol. Consequently, follow-up imaging was analyzed as a categorical variable (available or unavailable within 24-72 hours after admission) rather than according to the exact timing of image acquisition. The median time to follow-up assessment within this interval was not systematically recorded across participating centers.</p>
          <p>Treatment variables were receipt of any reperfusion therapy, advanced reperfusion therapy (systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed thrombolysis, or PMT), type of thrombectomy device (FlowTriever, Penumbra, pigtail catheter, or other), and use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Primary composite endpoint</title>
          <p>The primary composite endpoint comprised: i) all-cause in-hospital mortality; ii) persistent shock or hypotension requiring vasopressor support; iii) requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation; and iv) ECMO. These components represent a clinical continuum of hemodynamic deterioration in patients with high-risk PE. Persistent shock or hypotension requiring vasopressor support reflects ongoing circulatory failure and is a well-established surrogate marker of mortality in this population, particularly among patients who underwent reperfusion because of severe clinical presentation. Individual components of the composite endpoint were also analyzed as secondary outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
          <p>The composite endpoint was chosen to capture clinically meaningful manifestations of in-hospital hemodynamic deterioration. Although the individual components differ in clinical severity, they all reflect failure to achieve hemodynamic stabilization after the diagnosis and treatment of acute PE and represent progressive stages of a shared pathophysiological process characterized by persistent RV dysfunction, circulatory compromise, and end-organ hypoperfusion.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Normality assessment and descriptive statistics</title>
            <p>The distribution of continuous variables was evaluated by visual inspection of histograms and quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots, and confirmed using the Shapiro-Wilk test. All key continuous variables demonstrated non-normal, right-skewed distributions. Accordingly, continuous variables are presented as the median and IQR (25th-75th percentile). Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. Missing data are reported for each variable, and no imputation was performed in the primary analyses.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Bivariable analysis</title>
            <p>Associations between categorical variables and the primary composite endpoint were evaluated using Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test of independence. Fisher&#8217;s exact test was applied when the expected cell count was &lt; 5. Effect size was quantified using Cram&#233;r&#8217;s V.</p>
            <p>Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney <italic>U</italic> test (Wilcoxon rank-sum test), given their non-normal distributions. Results are presented as median and IQR (25th-75th percentile). Effect size for continuous variables was calculated using the rank-biserial correlation, defined as <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>r</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#8722;</mml:mo><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mrow><mml:mi>U</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>/</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>&#215;</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></inline-formula>. All statistical tests were two-sided, and a p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Multivariate logistic regression</title>
            <p>Two multivariable logistic regression models were fitted using maximum likelihood estimation. The logit link function was used to model the log odds of the primary outcome according to the equation: <inline-formula><mml:math><mml:mi>logit</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>&#946;</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>&#946;</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>&#946;</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mo>&#8230;</mml:mo><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>&#946;</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math></inline-formula> . Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95%CIs were obtained by exponentiating the regression coefficients, and statistical significance was assessed using the Wald test.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
            <p>Model 1 (admission model) included cardiogenic shock at admission, follow-up RV dysfunction on echocardiography, follow-up SBP, and reperfusion strategy (n = 106 complete cases). Model 2 (longitudinal model) included persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA, follow-up SBP, and reperfusion strategy (n = 60 complete cases). Admission cardiogenic shock was intentionally excluded from Model 2 to avoid potential collider bias arising from the inclusion of in-hospital shock as a component of the primary composite endpoint.</p>
            <p>Variables considered clinically relevant and/or associated with the primary endpoint in bivariable analyses (p &lt; 0.10) were considered for inclusion in the multivariable models. Final model selection also accounted for the limited number of outcome events to reduce the risk of overfitting. To minimize multicollinearity and redundancy, variables representing overlapping clinical constructs were not entered simultaneously into the same model, for example, SBP and cardiogenic shock, or multiple biomarkers reflecting myocardial injury or cardiac stress.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup></p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Model performance and calibration</title>
            <p>Overall model performance was evaluated using the likelihood ratio test, McFadden&#8217;s pseudo-R<sup>2</sup>, and the Akaike information criterion. A McFadden&#8217;s pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> value &#8805; 0.20 was considered indicative of excellent model fit. Discriminative performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC).</p>
            <p>Model calibration was evaluated using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. To assess potential overfitting and optimism in the apparent model performance, internal validation was performed by bootstrap resampling with 1,000 iterations. Optimism-adjusted estimates of the AUC-ROC, calibration slope, and calibration intercept were calculated to evaluate model stability and the expected reliability of risk predictions in independent populations.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Missing-data analysis</title>
            <p>Follow-up CTPA was available for 72 of the 151 patients (47.7%). A prespecified missing-data analysis compared baseline characteristics between patients with and without follow-up CTPA to investigate whether the missing-data mechanism was consistent with missing completely at random, missing at random, or missing not at random (MNAR).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney <italic>U</italic> test, and categorical variables using Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Reperfusion subgroup analysis</title>
            <p>Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared descriptively across reperfusion strategy groups (no reperfusion, systemic thrombolysis, and PMT) to characterize potential confounding by indication.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> An exploratory comparison was also performed according to the thrombectomy device used (FlowTriever, Penumbra, or pigtail catheter).</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Software</title>
            <p>All statistical analyses were performed using JASP version 0.97.0. Nonparametric tests, logistic regression analyses, and ROC curve analyses were conducted in JASP. Confirmatory analyses and figure generation were performed in Python 3.12 using Matplotlib version 3.8.0. Artificial intelligence-assisted code generation was used during the programming process, and all code, analyses, and outputs were independently reviewed and verified by the authors.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Cohort characteristics</title>
          <p>A total of 151 patients were included in the analysis. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 32 patients (21.2%), and the in-hospital mortality rate was 9.3% (n = 14). Baseline characteristics, longitudinal variables, and treatment data, stratified according to the occurrence of the primary composite endpoint, are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics, follow-up variables, and clinical outcomes according to the primary composite endpoint</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="20%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variable</th>
                    <th>Overall (n = 151)</th>
                    <th>No event (n = 119)</th>
                    <th>Event (n = 32)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Demographics and clinical scores</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age, median (IQR), years</td>
                    <td align="center">67 (57-76)</td>
                    <td align="center">66 (57-76)</td>
                    <td align="center">68 (58-75)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.440</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Male sex, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">67 (44.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">55 (46.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (37.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.378</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>PESI score, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">110 (79-138)</td>
                    <td align="center">105 (77-136)</td>
                    <td align="center">124 (89-158)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.061</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>sPESI score, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (1-3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>High-risk PE (cardiogenic shock), n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (5.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (37.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Baseline imaging and biomarkers</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>RV dysfunction on echocardiography, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">93 (62.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">70 (63.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (71.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.357</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>RV/LV ratio &gt; 1.0 on CTPA, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">87 (57.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">65 (54.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (68.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.151</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Troponin, median (IQR), ng/L</td>
                    <td align="center">98 (35-188)</td>
                    <td align="center">91 (35-188)</td>
                    <td align="center">112 (40-189)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.347</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>NT-proBNP, median (IQR), pg/mL</td>
                    <td align="center">2.812 (680-5.130)</td>
                    <td align="center">2.450 (675-4.515)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.927 (1.063-7.562)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.105</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>D-dimer, median (IQR), &#181;g/L</td>
                    <td align="center">9.800 (4.270-14.023)</td>
                    <td align="center">9.800 (4.270-14.023)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.525 (1.834-11.765)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.126</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Treatment strategies</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Any reperfusion therapy, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">78 (51.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">61 (51.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (53.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.851</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Advanced reperfusion therapy, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">71 (47.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">58 (48.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (40.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.414</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>PMT, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">46 (36.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">44/99 (44.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">2/18 (11.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.040</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Systemic thrombolysis, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">24 (15.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (21.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.113</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Follow-up variables (24-72 h)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Follow-up SBP, median (IQR), mmHg</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8212;</td>
                    <td align="center">125 (115-130)</td>
                    <td align="center">103 (100-127)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">22/72 (30.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">9/50 (18.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">13/22 (59.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up echocardiography, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">39/114 (34.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">23/75 (30.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">16/39 (41.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Follow-up NT-proBNP, median (IQR), pg/mL</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8212;</td>
                    <td align="center">656 (197-1.678)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.740 (920-7.555)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.039</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="5">
                      <bold>Clinical outcomes</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>In-hospital mortality, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (9.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (43.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Shock or hypotension requiring vasopressors, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (14.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (68.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Invasive mechanical ventilation, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (18.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>ECMO, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (21.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Primary composite endpoint, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">32 (21.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                    <td align="center">32 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">N/A</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; LV: left ventricle; N/A: not applicable; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PE: pulmonary embolism; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; PMT: percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy; RV: right ventricle; SBP: systolic blood pressure; sPESI: simplified PESI. Continuous variables are presented as the median (IQR [25th-75th percentile]), and categorical variables as n (%). Continuous variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test, whereas categorical variables were compared using Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test or Fisher&#8217;s exact test, as appropriate. Denominators for follow-up variables vary according to data availability: follow-up CTPA was available for 72 of 151 patients (47.7%), and follow-up echocardiography for 114 of 151 patients (75.5%). The denominator for PMT reflects the number of patients with available procedural data (n = 125).</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f02001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Baseline clinical and biomarker characteristics according to the primary composite endpoint. Boxplots comparing baseline clinical, hemodynamic, and biomarker variables between patients who experienced the primary composite endpoint (red) and those who did not (blue) (n = 151). Continuous variables were compared using the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. Boxes represent the IQR, the horizontal line indicates the median, whiskers extend to 1.5 &#215; IQR, and points denote outliers. ***p &lt; 0.001; **p &lt; 0.01; *p &lt; 0.05. NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NS: not significant; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; SBP: systolic blood pressure.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href=""/>
            </fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Bivariable analysis of the primary composite endpoint</title>
          <p>The complete bivariable analysis is presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>, <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4001">Table 4</xref> and the bivariate quantitative analysis is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 2</xref>. Among the imaging variables, persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA was the strongest categorical predictor of the primary composite endpoint (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 15.48, degrees of freedom [df] = 1, p &lt; 0.001; OR 6.95).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Among the continuous variables, follow-up SBP showed the strongest association with adverse outcomes (Mann-Whitney <italic>U</italic> test, p &lt; 0.001).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics according to reperfusion status</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="25%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variable</th>
                    <th>No reperfusion (n=73)</th>
                    <th>Reperfusion (n=78)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age, years, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">69 (57-79)</td>
                    <td align="center">65 (57-73)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.574</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Body weight, kg, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">75 (68-83)</td>
                    <td align="center">84 (75-95)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.336</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Height, cm, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">168 (160-172)</td>
                    <td align="center">170 (165-176)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.015<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>PESI score, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (70-123)</td>
                    <td align="center">126 (90-150)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.040<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>sPESI score, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.333</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart rate, beats/min, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">90 (80-110)</td>
                    <td align="center">118 (96-125)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.237</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>SBP, mmHg, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">120 (110-135)</td>
                    <td align="center">120 (109-135)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.328</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>SpO2, %, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">92 (89-95)</td>
                    <td align="center">86 (84-90)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.165</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">7/50 (14.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">13/22 (59.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiogenic shock at admission, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">20/132 (15.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">12/19 (63.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Primary composite endpoint, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (20.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (21.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.851</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>In-hospital mortality, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (11.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (7.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.489</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; RV: right ventricle; SBP: systolic blood pressure; sPESI: simplified PESI. Continuous variables are presented as the median (IQR [25th-75th percentile]), and categorical variables as n (%). Continuous variables were compared using the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test, and categorical variables using Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test. *p &lt; 0.05; ***p &lt; 0.001. The denominator for persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA reflects the number of patients who underwent repeat CTPA imaging.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Bivariable analysis of qualitative variables associated with the primary composite endpoint</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="20%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variable</th>
                    <th>No event (n = 119)</th>
                    <th>Event (n = 32)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                    <th>OR (95%CI)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Baseline RV dysfunction on echocardiography, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">70 (63.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (71.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.357</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8212;</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Baseline RV/LV ratio &gt;1.0 on CTPA, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">65 (54.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (68.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.151</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8212;</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Any reperfusion therapy, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">58 (48.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (46.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.851</td>
                    <td align="center">0.93 (0.43-2.01)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiogenic shock at admission, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (5.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (37.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">9.60 (3.47-26.57)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA, n (%)<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">9 (18.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (59.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">6.95 (2.39-20.21)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up echocardiography, n (%)<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">23 (30.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (61.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">3.62 (1.48-8.86)</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN3001">
                  <p>CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography; df: degrees of freedom; LV: left ventricle; OR: odds ratio; RV: right ventricle. Data are presented as n (%). p-values were calculated using Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test (df = 1, two-sided). Fisher&#8217;s exact test was used when the expected cell count was &lt; 5. &#8224;Follow-up CTPA available for 72 patients. &#8225;Follow-up echocardiography available for 114 patients. ***p &lt; 0.001.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t4001">
              <label>Table 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Bivariable analysis of quantitative variables associated with the primary composite endpoint</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="25%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variable</th>
                    <th>No Event (n=119)</th>
                    <th>Event (n=32)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Height, cm, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">170 (162-176)</td>
                    <td align="center">165 (162-170)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.015<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Follow-up SBP, mmHg, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">124 (115-130)</td>
                    <td align="center">102 (100-127)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Follow-up SpO2, %, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">95 (93-96)</td>
                    <td align="center">94 (92-95)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.013<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Troponin, ng/L, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">91 (35-188)</td>
                    <td align="center">112 (40-188)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.014<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Follow-up NT-proBNP, pg/mL, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">656 (197-1.678)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.740 (920-7.555)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.039<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN4001">
                  <p>NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; SBP: systolic blood pressure. Continuous variables are presented as the median (IQR [25th-75th percentile]). Group comparisons were performed using the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. *p &lt; 0.05; ***p &lt; 0.001.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f03001">
              <label>Figure 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Distribution of key continuous variables according to the primary composite endpoint. Boxplots comparing baseline and follow-up (24-72 hours) continuous variables between patients who experienced the primary composite endpoint (red) and those who did not (blue). Follow-up SBP and follow-up NT-proBNP were significantly associated with the primary composite endpoint. Boxes represent the IQR, the horizontal line indicates the median, whiskers extend to 1.5 &#215; IQR, and points denote outliers. Statistical comparisons were performed using the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. ***p &lt; 0.001; *p &lt; 0.05. Sample sizes are shown below each boxplot. NS: not significant; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; SBP: systolic blood pressure.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href=""/>
            </fig>
          </p>
          <p>No reperfusion strategy was significantly associated with the primary composite endpoint in the bivariable analyses. Baseline imaging findings and cardiac biomarkers were generally not significantly associated with adverse outcomes in this cohort, whereas several longitudinal variables demonstrated stronger and more consistent associations with the primary composite endpoint.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Multivariate logistic regression</title>
          <p>Two multivariable logistic regression models were developed (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5001">Table 5</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04001">Figure 3</xref>). In both models, follow-up SBP remained an independent predictor of the primary composite endpoint. In the longitudinal model (Model 2), persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA also remained independently associated with adverse in-hospital outcomes.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t5001">
              <label>Table 5</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Multivariable logistic regression analysis of independent predictors of the primary composite endpoint</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variable</th>
                    <th>&#946; coefficient</th>
                    <th>SE</th>
                    <th>Wald z statistic</th>
                    <th>OR (95%CI)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>Model 1 &#8211; Admission model</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">n = 106; McFadden&#8217;s pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> = 0.301; AUC; ROC = 0.807; LR &#967;2 = 35.54; LR p &lt; 0.001; AIC = 92.6</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Intercept</td>
                    <td align="center">6.64</td>
                    <td align="center">2.69</td>
                    <td align="center">2.47</td>
                    <td align="center">765.7 (N/A)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.014</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiogenic shock at admission</td>
                    <td align="center">2.38</td>
                    <td align="center">0.75</td>
                    <td align="center">3.19</td>
                    <td align="center">10.82 (2.51-46.69)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.001<sup>**</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up echocardiography</td>
                    <td align="center">0.73</td>
                    <td align="center">0.69</td>
                    <td align="center">1.07</td>
                    <td align="center">2.08 (0.54-7.98)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.286</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Follow-up SBP (per 1 mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8211;0.071</td>
                    <td align="center">0.023</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8211;3.06</td>
                    <td align="center">0.93 (0.89-0.97)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.002<sup>**</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Reperfusion strategy</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8211;0.80</td>
                    <td align="center">0.66</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8211;1.22</td>
                    <td align="center">0.45 (0.12-1.63)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.224</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">
                      <bold>Model 2 &#8211; Longitudinal model</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="6">n = 60; McFadden&#8217;s pseudo-R<sup>2</sup> = 0.381; AUC-ROC = 0.874; Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup> = 7.00 (df = 6, p = 0.321); LR &#967;<sup>2</sup> = 27.96; LR p &lt; 0.001; AIC = 53.3</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Intercept</td>
                    <td align="center">10.61</td>
                    <td align="center">4.13</td>
                    <td align="center">2.57</td>
                    <td align="center">N/A</td>
                    <td align="center">0.010</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA</td>
                    <td align="center">2.27</td>
                    <td align="center">0.81</td>
                    <td align="center">2.79</td>
                    <td align="center">9.70 (1.96-47.89)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.005<sup>**</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Follow-up SBP (per 1 mmHg)</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8211;0.108</td>
                    <td align="center">0.037</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8211;2.95</td>
                    <td align="center">0.90 (0.83-0.96)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.003<sup>**</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Reperfusion strategy</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8211;0.17</td>
                    <td align="center">0.80</td>
                    <td align="center">&#8211;0.21</td>
                    <td align="center">0.85 (0.18-4.05)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.836</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN5001">
                  <p>AIC: Akaike information criterion; AUC-ROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography; df: degrees of freedom; LR: likelihood ratio; N/A: not applicable; OR: odds ratio; RV: right ventricle; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SE: standard error. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted using maximum likelihood estimation. ORs were obtained by exponentiating the regression coefficients (OR = exp[&#946;]), and 95%CIs were calculated as exp(&#946; &#177; 1.96 &#215; SE). Statistical significance was assessed using the Wald test (z = &#946;/SE). McFadden&#8217;s pseudo-R2 values &#8805; 0.20 were considered indicative of excellent model fit. Calibration was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test with eight groups (df = 6); p &gt; 0.05 indicates adequate calibration. Discriminative performance was evaluated using the AUC-ROC based on apparent (in-sample) predictions. **p &lt; 0.01.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f04001">
              <label>Figure 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Forest plot of the longitudinal multivariable logistic regression model (Model 2). Forest plot showing the adjusted ORs and 95%CIs for the independent predictors of the primary composite endpoint identified in the longitudinal multivariable logistic regression model. The model was fitted using maximum likelihood estimation (n = 60 complete cases). ORs were calculated as exp(&#946;), and 95%CIs as exp(&#946; &#177; 1.96 &#215; SE). The vertical reference line indicates an OR of 1.0. Red diamonds denote statistically significant risk factors (OR &gt; 1, p &lt; 0.05), blue diamonds denote statistically significant protective factors (OR &lt; 1, p &lt; 0.05), and gray diamonds denote nonsignificant associations. Model performance: AUC-ROC = 0.874; McFadden&#8217;s pseudo-R2 = 0.381; Hosmer-Lemeshow p = 0.321; LR p &lt; 0.001 . AUC-ROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography; LR: likelihood ratio; NS: not significant; OR: odds ratio; RV: right ventricle; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SE: standard error.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href=""/>
            </fig>
          </p>
          <p>Overall, the longitudinal model demonstrated superior discriminative ability and calibration compared with the admission model. The apparent AUC-ROC was 0.874, whereas the optimism-adjusted AUC obtained by bootstrap validation was 0.852 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05001">Figure 4</xref>). Calibration remained satisfactory after internal validation, with an adjusted calibration slope of 0.86 and an adjusted calibration intercept of 0.04, which indicates good agreement between predicted and observed risks and minimal evidence of systematic prediction bias.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f05001">
              <label>Figure 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Discrimination and calibration of the longitudinal prediction model. Panel A: ROC curves comparing the longitudinal model (Model 2; AUC-ROC = 0.874, solid red line) with the admission model (Model 1; AUC-ROC = 0.807, dashed blue line). Panel B: Calibration plot for the longitudinal model. Each point represents one risk decile, with point size proportional to the number of patients in the corresponding group. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed adequate calibration (&#967;2 = 7.00, df = 6, p = 0.321). The bootstrap-adjusted AUC-ROC was 0.852, which supports the robustness of the model&#8217;s discriminative performance. AUC-ROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; df: degrees of freedom.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href=""/>
            </fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Missing-data analysis of follow-up computed tomography availability</title>
          <p>Follow-up CTPA was available for 72 of the 151 patients (47.7%). Compared with patients who underwent repeat imaging, those without follow-up CTPA generally had greater disease severity at baseline (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6001">Table 6</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06001">Figure 5</xref>), which suggests an informative missing-data mechanism consistent with MNAR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> These findings indicate that the decision to perform follow-up imaging was influenced by the patient&#8217;s clinical course rather than occurring randomly. Rates of cardiogenic shock at admission, the primary composite endpoint, and reperfusion therapy did not differ significantly between groups.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t6001">
              <label>Table 6</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Missing-data analysis according to follow-up CTPA availability</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variable</th>
                    <th>Follow-up CTPA available (n = 72)</th>
                    <th>Follow-up CTPA not available (n = 79)</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="4">
                      <bold>Continuous variables</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Age, years, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">68 (56-76)</td>
                    <td align="center">66 (58-72)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.912</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>PESI score, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (53-124)</td>
                    <td align="center">125 (100-150)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>sPESI score, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1-3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.010<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Admission SBP, mmHg, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">118 (105-130)</td>
                    <td align="center">126 (110-138)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.022<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Admission heart rate, beats/min, median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">92 (80-115)</td>
                    <td align="center">110 (100-122)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Admission SpO<sub><bold>2</bold></sub>, %, median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">90 (86-94)</td>
                    <td align="center">87 (85-92)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.018<sup>*</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Troponin, ng/L, median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">52 (13-174)</td>
                    <td align="center">134 (73-188)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.002<sup>**</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>NT-proBNP, pg/mL, median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">924 (98-3.814)</td>
                    <td align="center">4.100 (1.895-5.800)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.001<sup>***</sup></td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Categorical variables</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiogenic shock at admission, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (16.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (8.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.231</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Primary composite endpoint, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (27.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (15.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.091</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Any reperfusion therapy, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">34 (47.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (55.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.380</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Baseline RV dysfunction on echocardiography, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">39 (54.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">55 (69.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.084</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN6001">
                  <p>CT: computed tomography; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; RV: right ventricle; SBP: systolic blood pressure; sPESI: simplified PESI. Continuous variables are presented as the median (IQR [25th-75th percentile]), and categorical variables as n (%). Continuous variables were compared using the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test, whereas categorical variables were compared using Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test. ***p &lt; 0.001; **p &lt; 0.01; *p &lt; 0.05.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f06001">
              <label>Figure 5</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics according to follow-up CTPA availability. Boxplots comparing baseline clinical and biomarker variables between patients with follow-up CTPA available (blue, n = 72) and those without follow-up CTPA (orange, n = 79). Patients without follow-up CTPA had higher baseline PESI scores, heart rate, troponin, and NT-proBNP levels, consistent with an informative missing-data pattern compatible with MNAR. Boxes represent the IQR, the horizontal line indicates the median, whiskers extend to 1.5 &#215; IQR, and points denote outliers. Statistical comparisons were performed using the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test. ***p&lt;0.001; **p&lt;0.01; *p&lt;0.05. CTPA: computed tomography pulmonary angiography; MNAR: missing not at random; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; SBP: systolic blood pressure.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href=""/>
            </fig>
          </p>
          <p>The observed MNAR pattern is likely explained by two competing mechanisms. First, some patients experienced early hemodynamic deterioration and were too clinically unstable to undergo repeat imaging. Second, patients with rapid clinical improvement may not have undergone follow-up CTPA because additional imaging was considered unnecessary by the treating physicians. Together, these mechanisms may have enriched the analyzed sample with patients of intermediate clinical severity. Consequently, the direction and magnitude of potential bias in the estimates derived from Model 2 cannot be determined without formal missing-data methods, such as multiple imputation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> These findings underscore the need for prospective multicenter studies incorporating protocol-mandated follow-up imaging at predefined time points, regardless of clinical trajectory, to better define the prognostic value of persistent RV dysfunction and reduce potential selection bias related to repeat imaging.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>In-hospital mortality</title>
          <p>The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.3% (n=14). In the bivariable analysis, mortality was significantly associated with cardiogenic shock at admission (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 7.51, p = 0.006), persistent shock or hypotension requiring vasopressor support during hospitalization (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 5.54, p = 0.019), RV dysfunction on echocardiography (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 4.57, p = 0.032), and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 4.30, p = 0.038). In contrast, neither the baseline RV/LV ratio on CTPA (p = 0.970) nor baseline troponin levels (p = 0.851) was significantly associated with in-hospital mortality, further supporting the greater prognostic value of longitudinal variables compared with admission-based measures.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Reperfusion strategies</title>
          <p>Among the 78 patients (51.7%) who underwent reperfusion therapy, 24 (15.9%) received systemic thrombolysis and 46 underwent PMT, most commonly with the FlowTriever device (n = 36). Neither reperfusion therapy overall (p = 0.851) nor advanced reperfusion therapy (p = 0.414) was independently associated with the primary composite endpoint.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
          <p>As shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7001">Table 7</xref>, the distribution of baseline characteristics across treatment groups reflects substantial confounding by indication. Patients treated with systemic thrombolysis had the highest prevalence of cardiogenic shock at admission (37.5%), whereas those undergoing mechanical thrombectomy had higher PESI scores and NT-proBNP concentrations but a lower prevalence of cardiogenic shock (13.0%), consistent with a hemodynamically stable yet high-risk clinical phenotype. The numerically lower incidence of the primary composite endpoint in the thrombectomy group (13.0% versus 20.5% in the no-reperfusion group) should therefore be interpreted with caution, as it is likely attributable to treatment selection based on baseline clinical characteristics rather than to a true treatment effect.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t7001">
              <label>Table 7</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes according to reperfusion strategy</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Variable</th>
                    <th>No reperfusion (n = 73)</th>
                    <th>Systemic thrombolysis (n = 24)</th>
                    <th>PMT (n = 46)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiogenic shock at admission, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (37.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (13.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>PESI score, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (70-123)</td>
                    <td align="center">117 (105-148)</td>
                    <td align="center">137 (116-156)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>NT-proBNP, pg/mL, median (IQR)</td>
                    <td align="center">820 (86-5.805)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.128 (1.554-6.852)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.828 (2.201-4.912)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Primary composite endpoint, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">15/73 (20.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">8/24 (33.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">6/46 (13.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>In-hospital mortality, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">8/73 (11.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">3/24 (12.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">2/46 (4.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN7001">
                  <p>NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; PMT: percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy. Data are presented descriptively. No formal statistical comparisons were performed because of the small sample sizes and the presence of substantial confounding by indication. Reperfusion groups were not mutually exclusive for all patients.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Principal findings</title>
          <p>The present findings suggest that risk markers already incorporated into contemporary ESC and AHA/ACC risk stratification frameworks retain substantial prognostic value when reassessed during hospitalization. Serial evaluation of RV recovery and hemodynamic stabilization appears to provide incremental prognostic information beyond that available at admission. Persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA (OR 9.70; 95%CI, 1.96-47.89; p = 0.005) and follow-up SBP (OR 0.90 per mmHg; 95%CI, 0.83-0.96; p = 0.003) emerged as the principal independent predictors of adverse in-hospital outcomes, whereas admission biomarkers, established risk scores, and reperfusion strategies were not independently associated with the primary composite endpoint. These findings expand the prognostic framework proposed by the 2019 ESC guidelines and the 2026 AHA/ACC guideline by highlighting the importance of dynamic risk assessment during hospitalization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> As shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07001">Figure 6</xref> and the <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Central Illustration</xref>, patients with persistent RV dysfunction accompanied by unfavorable hemodynamic evolution experienced substantially higher rates of in-hospital clinical deterioration.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f07001">
              <label>Figure 6</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Statistical significance of variables associated with the primary composite endpoint. Bar lengths represent &#8211;log10 (p-values) derived from bivariable analyses, using Pearson&#8217;s chi-square test for categorical variables and the two-sided Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables. The dashed red line indicates the statistical significance threshold (p = 0.05), and the dotted orange line indicates p = 0.01. Colors identify variable categories: follow-up imaging (red), follow-up hemodynamics (orange), follow-up biomarkers (gold), baseline clinical variables (blue), baseline risk scores (green), baseline biomarkers (purple), composite endpoint components (dark red), and treatment variables (gray). Longer bars indicate stronger statistical evidence of an association with the primary composite endpoint. CT: computed tomography; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; PESI: Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index; PMT: percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy; RV: right ventricle; SBP: systolic blood pressure; sPESI: simplified PESI.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href=""/>
            </fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Rationale for the composite endpoint and clinical significance of shock/hypotension</title>
          <p>The composite endpoint, comprising all-cause mortality, invasive mechanical ventilation, ECMO, and shock or hypotension requiring vasopressor support, was prespecified because these events represent a clinical continuum of RV failure and progressive circulatory decompensation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> In the specific context of intermediate-high- and high-risk PE, where patients were considered for reperfusion because of the severity of their hemodynamic impairment, persistent or recurrent shock requiring vasopressor support should not be regarded as a minor outcome. Rather, it reflects ongoing pulmonary vascular obstruction, failure of RV recovery despite treatment, and an established surrogate for short-term mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This conceptual framework is consistent with the PEITHO trial, in which hemodynamic decompensation was the principal contributor to the composite endpoint, and with the 2026 AHA/ACC guideline on PE, which identifies failure to maintain hemodynamic stability as a defining feature of treatment failure in high-risk PE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Although the individual components of the composite endpoint differ in clinical severity, they all indicate failure to achieve cardiovascular stabilization following the diagnosis and treatment of acute PE. In our cohort, persistent shock requiring vasopressor support was the most frequent component, whereas ECMO and invasive mechanical ventilation occurred less often and identified patients with more advanced cardiopulmonary compromise. Accordingly, the observed associations should be interpreted as predictors of overall in-hospital clinical deterioration rather than mortality alone. Because persistent shock was included as a component of the primary composite endpoint, we also developed a longitudinal model that excluded cardiogenic shock at admission. The consistency of the findings across both multivariable models supports the robustness of the observed associations.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Longitudinal assessment of right ventricular dysfunction</title>
          <p>The superior discriminative performance of persistent RV dysfunction on follow-up CTPA (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 15.48), compared with baseline CTPA assessment (p = 0.302), supports the hypothesis that serial evaluation of RV function provides incremental prognostic information beyond the initial assessment. This finding is consistent with meta-analytic evidence demonstrating an approximately 2.5-fold increase in mortality among patients with a baseline RV/LV ratio &#8805; 1.0.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> The stronger association observed for follow-up CTPA in our cohort may reflect the lower interobserver variability of CTPA-based measurements, the greater standardization of the RV/LV ratio, and the ability of serial imaging to identify failure of RV recovery over time.</p>
          <p>RV dysfunction assessed by echocardiography was also significantly associated with the primary composite endpoint (&#967;<sup>2</sup> = 11.18, p &lt; 0.001).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The lower chi-square statistic compared with follow-up CTPA may be attributable to the greater operator dependence of echocardiography and to variability in its availability across participating centers.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Although follow-up CTPA demonstrated the strongest prognostic association in this cohort, this finding should be interpreted within the context of routine clinical practice. Repeat CTPA was not mandated by the study protocol and was frequently performed to investigate persistent symptoms, assess residual RV dysfunction, or clarify the response to treatment. Consequently, patients who underwent follow-up imaging likely represented a clinically selected subgroup with a higher probability of residual disease and adverse outcomes. Therefore, our results should not be interpreted as evidence that serial CTPA is superior to echocardiographic follow-up. Rather, they support the broader concept that persistent RV dysfunction detected during hospitalization, regardless of the imaging modality used, carries important prognostic information.</p>
          <p>Collectively, these findings reinforce the concept that risk stratification in acute PE should not be regarded as a single assessment performed at hospital admission. Instead, patient risk appears to evolve according to the trajectory of RV recovery and hemodynamic stabilization. Initial risk classification defines baseline disease severity, whereas serial assessment identifies patients who remain at increased risk despite receiving appropriate treatment.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Model calibration</title>
          <p>The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test for Model 2 yielded a &#967;<sup>2</sup> value of 7.00 (df = 6, p = 0.321), indicating satisfactory calibration within the study cohort (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05001">Figure 4</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8001">Table 8</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> This result supports the reliability of the model&#8217;s predicted risks across the observed range of outcome probabilities. Nevertheless, external validation in an independent cohort is required before the model can be considered for routine clinical application.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t8001">
              <label>Table 8</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Internal validation (bootstrap)</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Model performance metric</th>
                    <th>Value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Apparent model performance</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>McFadden&#8217;s pseudo-R2</td>
                    <td align="center">0.381</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hosmer-Lemeshow &#967;<sup>2</sup> (p-value)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (0.321)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Apparent AUC-ROC</td>
                    <td align="center">0.874</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Bootstrap internal validation (1,000 resamples)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Optimism-adjusted AUC-ROC</td>
                    <td align="center">0.852</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Optimism-adjusted calibration slope</td>
                    <td align="center">0.860</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Optimism-adjusted calibration intercept</td>
                    <td align="center">0.040</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN8001">
                  <p>AUC-ROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Hemodynamic evolution and systolic blood pressure</title>
          <p>Follow-up SBP emerged as a continuous, statistically significant, independent predictor of the primary composite endpoint (Mann-Whitney <italic>U</italic> test, p &lt; 0.001; multivariable OR 0.90 per mmHg). Each 1 mmHg reduction in follow-up SBP may reflect progression from compensated to decompensated RV failure, consistent with the pathophysiology of acute cor pulmonale, in which even modest reductions in SBP among initially normotensive patients may signal progressive RV-LV uncoupling and impending circulatory collapse.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Persistent RV dysfunction combined with lower follow-up SBP therefore identifies a phenotype of incomplete physiological recovery. This dynamic assessment complements, rather than replaces, established admission-based risk stratification systems.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Informative missing data and their implications</title>
          <p>The missing-data analysis demonstrated that patients without follow-up CTPA had substantially greater disease severity at admission, including an approximately fourfold higher median NT-proBNP concentration (4,100 vs. 924 pg/mL, p = 0.001) and a median PESI score approximately 25 points higher (125 vs. 100, p &lt; 0.001). This pattern is consistent with a MNAR mechanism, as originally described by Rubin,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> indicating that complete-case analysis in Model 2 may have produced biased estimates, although the direction and magnitude of this bias remain uncertain.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Importantly, the observed MNAR pattern may have influenced both effect size estimation and patient selection. Patients who were unable to undergo follow-up CTPA because of early clinical deterioration may have represented a subgroup with persistent RV dysfunction and poorer outcomes that was not captured in the complete-case analysis. Conversely, patients who experienced rapid clinical improvement may also have been less likely to undergo repeat imaging because additional CTPA evaluation was considered unnecessary. Consequently, the observed association between persistent RV dysfunction and adverse outcomes should be interpreted with appropriate caution. Furthermore, because repeat CTPA was performed at the discretion of the treating physicians, the decision to obtain follow-up imaging may have been influenced by the patient&#8217;s evolving clinical status or echocardiographic findings, introducing an additional source of post-baseline selection bias.</p>
          <p>Future studies should incorporate protocol-mandated serial imaging irrespective of clinical trajectory or apply statistical approaches specifically designed to address informative missing data, including multiple imputation and sensitivity analyses appropriate for MNAR mechanisms.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Reperfusion strategies and confounding by indication</title>
          <p>The management of intermediate-high- and high-risk PE has evolved substantially with the increasing adoption of catheter-based reperfusion therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> The PEITHO trial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> demonstrated that systemic fibrinolysis reduced the composite endpoint of death or hemodynamic decompensation at 7 days (OR 0.44, p = 0.02), although this benefit was accompanied by a higher risk of major bleeding. Subsequently, the FLARE study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> showed significant improvement in the RV/LV ratio following mechanical thrombectomy with the FlowTriever system in patients with intermediate-risk PE, and the FLAME study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> reported favorable outcomes in selected patients with high-risk PE treated with large-bore mechanical thrombectomy.</p>
          <p>More recent randomized evidence from the PEERLESS trial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref></sup> further supports the expanding role of catheter-based reperfusion, demonstrating improved clinical outcomes with mechanical thrombectomy compared with catheter-directed thrombolysis in selected patients with intermediate-risk PE. Likewise, the STORM-PE trial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> has provided additional prospective evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of contemporary catheter-based reperfusion strategies.</p>
          <p>Collectively, these studies suggest that successful reperfusion should not be considered the final stage of risk assessment. Instead, the growing use of advanced reperfusion therapies underscores the importance of continued evaluation of RV recovery and hemodynamic stabilization during hospitalization. The findings of the RED-EP registry support a dynamic risk stratification paradigm in which serial reassessment of RV function may identify patients who remain at increased risk despite apparently successful reperfusion.</p>
          <p>This concept is further supported by recommendations from the PERT Consortium,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup> which emphasize longitudinal clinical and imaging follow-up after acute PE, particularly in patients with persistent symptoms, residual RV dysfunction, or complex clinical courses.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study limitations</title>
          <p>This study has several limitations. First, the relatively small sample size (n = 151), particularly the limited number of patients with complete longitudinal CTPA data (n = 60), restricted the complexity of the multivariable analyses and limited statistical power. Although model performance was initially assessed using apparent estimates, bootstrap resampling with 1,000 iterations yielded optimism-adjusted performance metrics that supported the stability and internal validity of the longitudinal model.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Second, the missing-data analysis demonstrated an informative MNAR mechanism, with patients lacking follow-up CTPA generally presenting with greater disease severity at admission. Consequently, complete-case analysis may have produced biased estimates of uncertain direction and magnitude.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Third, follow-up CTPA was not mandated by the study protocol and was more likely to be performed in patients with persistent symptoms, incomplete clinical recovery, or ongoing echocardiographic abnormalities. Therefore, the stronger prognostic performance observed for serial CTPA may partially reflect clinical selection rather than an intrinsic advantage of the imaging modality itself.</p>
          <p>Finally, therapeutic heterogeneity across participating centers, together with changes in treatment practices over the study period, limits the interpretation and generalizability of comparisons among reperfusion strategies. In addition, analyses according to thrombectomy device subtype were constrained by the small number of patients in each subgroup.</p>
          <p>Accordingly, these findings should be regarded as hypothesis-generating and require confirmation in larger prospective studies incorporating protocol-mandated serial imaging and external validation.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>Reassessment of established risk markers during hospitalization may help identify patients who remain at increased risk despite initial risk classification and treatment. These findings support the concept of dynamic risk stratification in acute PE, suggesting that the trajectory of RV recovery and hemodynamic stabilization provides clinically meaningful prognostic information beyond the initial assessment. Further prospective studies are warranted to establish the optimal approach to longitudinal risk assessment and to validate the role of serial evaluation of RV function in routine clinical practice.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Study Association:</label>
          <p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate:</label>
          <p> This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Use of Artificial Intelligence:</label>
          <p> During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used Claude (Anthropic) for stylistic editing and translation of the manuscript for the final English version. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the published article.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
          <label>Availability of Research Data:</label>
          <p> The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <label>Sources of Funding:</label>
          <p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
