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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">6HgrJPx63NkbpqdwKJNfL4M</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000704202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">04202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260265</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Insufici&#234;ncia Pulmonar na Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca: Causalidade ou Marcador de Gravidade da Doen&#231;a?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6915-2940</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Karaman</surname>
            <given-names>Kayihan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Karayakali</surname>
            <given-names>Metin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Tokat Gaziosmanpa&#351;a University</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Tokat</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Tokat Gaziosmanpa&#351;a University, Tokat &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label> Kayihan Karaman &#8226; Tokat Gaziosmanpa&#351;a University &#8211; Cardiology &#8211; Tokat GOP Unv Faculty of Medicine Tokat Tokat, 60250 &#8211; Turquia E-mail: <email>kay55han@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260265</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="article" id="r1" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250088" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Teste de Caminhada</kwd>
        <kwd>Pept&#237;deos Natriur&#233;ticos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Prezado Editor,</p>
    <p>Lemos com grande interesse o artigo de Aydin et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> que investiga a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a gravidade da regurgita&#231;&#227;o da valva pulmonar (RP) e os n&#237;veis de pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B N-terminal (pr&#243;-BNP), a dist&#226;ncia percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6M) e as complica&#231;&#245;es em 490 pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC). Parabenizamos os autores por abordarem essa patologia valvar pouco explorada; contudo, diversas quest&#245;es metodol&#243;gicas e de interpreta&#231;&#227;o exigem uma an&#225;lise cuidadosa antes que as conclus&#245;es possam ser plenamente aceitas.</p>
    <sec>
      <title>1. Desequil&#237;brio severo entre grupos e poder estat&#237;stico</title>
      <p>A not&#225;vel disparidade no tamanho dos grupos &#8212; 272 (sem RP) e 162 (RP leve) versus apenas 20 (RP moderada) e 36 (RP grave) &#8212; levanta s&#233;rias preocupa&#231;&#245;es sobre o poder estat&#237;stico dos modelos multivariados.&#178; Em um modelo multivariado com cinco preditores (gravidade da RP, idade, FEVE, PSAP e hemoglobina), a confiabilidade dos coeficientes derivados para os subgrupos menores pode ser comprometida pela falta de poder estat&#237;stico. Esse desequil&#237;brio levanta preocupa&#231;&#245;es adicionais quanto &#224; precis&#227;o e estabilidade dos coeficientes de regress&#227;o relatados (&#946; = 0,48 para pr&#243;-BNP e &#946; = &#8722;0,39 para o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M)). Instamos os autores a relatarem intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95% para todos os coeficientes beta e a considerarem an&#225;lises de sensibilidade baseadas em bootstrap para avaliar a robustez dos resultados.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>2. Confiabilidade da classifica&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica</title>
      <p>Os autores reconhecem que n&#227;o foi realizada uma avalia&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica da reprodutibilidade interobservador. Sem a estat&#237;stica kappa, a confiabilidade da classifica&#231;&#227;o semiquantitativa da regurgita&#231;&#227;o pulmonar n&#227;o pode ser verificada, especialmente considerando que a largura da vena contracta foi o &#250;nico par&#226;metro quantitativo dispon&#237;vel. Al&#233;m disso, a aus&#234;ncia de outros par&#226;metros quantitativos &#8212; como o volume ou a fra&#231;&#227;o regurgitante &#8212; limita a validade de um sistema de classifica&#231;&#227;o de quatro graus quando baseado unicamente na largura da vena contracta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>3. Vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o em dados do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos</title>
      <p>O TC6M foi realizado apenas "quando dispon&#237;vel", criando um risco substancial de vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o. Pacientes com a limita&#231;&#227;o funcional mais grave &#8212; que t&#234;m maior probabilidade de estar nos grupos de RP Moderada e Grave &#8212; podem ter sido sistematicamente exclu&#237;dos do teste, potencialmente subestimando o comprometimento funcional nesses grupos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Os autores devem relatar as taxas de conclus&#227;o por grupo de gravidade da RP e as compara&#231;&#245;es basais entre pacientes testados e n&#227;o testados.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>4. Fatores de confus&#227;o n&#227;o mensurados e linguagem causal</title>
      <p>O modelo multivariado omite importantes fatores de confus&#227;o &#8212; incluindo &#237;ndice de massa corporal, etiologia da IC, carga de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial e terapias contempor&#226;neas para IC (inibidores de SGLT2, sacubitril/valsartana) &#8212; que influenciam independentemente tanto o pr&#243;-BNP quanto o TC6M. Al&#233;m disso, a discuss&#227;o emprega uma linguagem causal e mecanicista que um estudo transversal retrospectivo n&#227;o pode sustentar. &#201; igualmente plaus&#237;vel que a IC avan&#231;ada leve &#224; hipertens&#227;o pulmonar secund&#225;ria, dilata&#231;&#227;o do anel mitral e, consequentemente, maior regurgita&#231;&#227;o pulmonar &#8212; a via causal inversa. Recomendamos substituir consistentemente a linguagem causal por uma linguagem associativa ao longo de todo o manuscrito. As implica&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas devem ser claramente apresentadas como geradoras de hip&#243;teses, e n&#227;o como orientadoras da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
      <p>Em resumo, Aydin et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> abordam uma quest&#227;o clinicamente relevante e apresentam achados de interesse para a comunidade de IC. A resolu&#231;&#227;o das quest&#245;es estat&#237;sticas, metodol&#243;gicas e interpretativas descritas acima aumentaria substancialmente a validade das conclus&#245;es do manuscrito. Aguardamos com expectativa estudos prospectivos que estabele&#231;am de forma mais definitiva o papel progn&#243;stico da gravidade da regurgita&#231;&#227;o pulmonar em popula&#231;&#245;es com IC.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Murat</surname>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta-resposta</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1017-1917</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Aydin</surname>
            <given-names>Fatih</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6564-7185</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Murat</surname>
            <given-names>Bektas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3935-0222</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Murat</surname>
            <given-names>Selda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4608-2972</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Daghan</surname>
            <given-names>Muhammet Burak</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">TC Sa&#287;lik Bakanli&#287;i Eski&#351;ehir &#350;ehir Hastanesi</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Odunpazari</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">TC Sa&#287;lik Bakanli&#287;i Eski&#351;ehir &#350;ehir Hastanesi, Odunpazari &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Eskisehir City Hospital</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Eskisehir</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Eskisehir Osmangazi University</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Medical Faculty Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Eskisehir</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Eskisehir Osmangazi University &#8211; Medical Faculty Department of Cardiology, Eskisehir &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Prezado Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Agradecemos aos autores da carta pela leitura atenta do nosso trabalho e por levantarem diversos pontos que nos permitem esclarecer o desenho e a interpreta&#231;&#227;o do nosso estudo. Acolhemos com satisfa&#231;&#227;o este tipo de di&#225;logo acad&#234;mico e esperamos que nossa resposta aborde cada uma das quest&#245;es levantadas.</p>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao desequil&#237;brio no tamanho dos grupos e ao poder estat&#237;stico, reconhecemos plenamente a distribui&#231;&#227;o desigual entre as categorias de gravidade da RP. Isso reflete a preval&#234;ncia real da regurgita&#231;&#227;o pulmonar em uma popula&#231;&#227;o geral com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, onde as formas moderada e grave s&#227;o inerentemente menos comuns. O objetivo do nosso estudo foi justamente caracterizar essa distribui&#231;&#227;o como ela existe na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, e n&#227;o equilibrar os grupos artificialmente. Dito isso, a quest&#227;o referente aos intervalos de confian&#231;a para os coeficientes de regress&#227;o &#233; pertinente. Reconhecemos que apresentar os intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95% juntamente com os coeficientes beta padronizados aumentaria a transpar&#234;ncia. An&#225;lises de sensibilidade por <italic>bootstrap</italic> s&#227;o uma sugest&#227;o razo&#225;vel para itera&#231;&#245;es futuras, e acolhemos essa orienta&#231;&#227;o para trabalhos prospectivos.</p>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; confiabilidade da classifica&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica, os comentaristas observam corretamente a aus&#234;ncia de estat&#237;sticas kappa formais. Devemos enfatizar, no entanto, que nosso protocolo de classifica&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o se baseou apenas na largura da vena contracta. Conforme descrito na se&#231;&#227;o M&#233;todos, empregamos uma abordagem abrangente e multiparam&#233;trica que integrou a largura do jato Doppler em cores em rela&#231;&#227;o ao anel pulmonar, a densidade do sinal Doppler de onda cont&#237;nua e o perfil de desacelera&#231;&#227;o, al&#233;m da presen&#231;a de fluxo diast&#243;lico reverso nos ramos pulmonares, o que est&#225; totalmente de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da Sociedade Americana de Ecocardiografia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref></sup> A largura da vena contracta foi destacada por ser o &#250;nico par&#226;metro dispon&#237;vel retrospectivamente em</p>
      <p>formato tabular; ela n&#227;o abrange toda a extens&#227;o da nossa abordagem de classifica&#231;&#227;o. Concordamos que a an&#225;lise formal de concord&#226;ncia interobservador deve ser um pilar fundamental de qualquer estudo prospectivo futuro.</p>
      <p>A preocupa&#231;&#227;o com o vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o no TC6M &#233; leg&#237;tima e foi explicitamente discutida na se&#231;&#227;o de Limita&#231;&#245;es. No entanto, gostar&#237;amos de questionar essa abordagem. Se os pacientes com a limita&#231;&#227;o funcional mais grave de fato n&#227;o conseguissem completar o TC6M, as diferen&#231;as observadas entre os grupos de gravidade da doen&#231;a de Parkinson representariam uma estimativa conservadora do verdadeiro gradiente funcional, e n&#227;o uma superestima&#231;&#227;o. Isso, se algo, tornaria nossos achados mais, e n&#227;o menos, confi&#225;veis. Mesmo assim, concordamos que relatar as taxas de conclus&#227;o por grupo &#233; uma medida valiosa de transpar&#234;ncia, e futuros estudos prospectivos devem incorporar essa informa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Finalmente, aceitamos integralmente a cr&#237;tica referente &#224; linguagem causal e aos fatores de confus&#227;o n&#227;o mensurados. A carga de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, o &#237;ndice de massa corporal, a etiologia da IC e o uso de inibidores de SGLT2 ou sacubitril/valsartana s&#227;o vari&#225;veis relevantes que nossos dados retrospectivos n&#227;o capturaram de forma consistente. A via causal inversa, na qual a IC avan&#231;ada leva &#224; hipertens&#227;o pulmonar secund&#225;ria, dilata&#231;&#227;o do anel e, por fim, &#224; RP, &#233; uma explica&#231;&#227;o alternativa biologicamente plaus&#237;vel e importante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">3</xref></sup> N&#227;o t&#237;nhamos a inten&#231;&#227;o de sugerir um mecanismo unidirecional e concordamos que a linguagem mecanicista deve ser consistentemente substitu&#237;da por uma abordagem associativa. Nossas conclus&#245;es s&#227;o explicitamente observacionais e quaisquer implica&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas devem ser interpretadas como geradoras de hip&#243;teses, e n&#227;o como orienta&#231;&#245;es pr&#225;ticas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Agradecemos aos correspondentes por contribu&#237;rem para o aprimoramento da discuss&#227;o sobre essa les&#227;o valvar pouco explorada no contexto da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Seus coment&#225;rios refor&#231;am a necessidade de estudos de coorte prospectivos bem delineados, os quais pretendemos realizar.</p>
    </body>
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  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260265i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pulmonary Regurgitation in Heart Failure: Causality or a Marker of Disease Severity?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6915-2940</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Karaman</surname>
            <given-names>Kayihan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Karayakali</surname>
            <given-names>Metin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Tokat Gaziosmanpa&#351;a University</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Tokat</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Tokat Gaziosmanpa&#351;a University, Tokat &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Kayihan Karaman &#8226; Tokat Gaziosmanpa&#351;a University &#8211; Cardiology &#8211; Tokat GOP Unv Faculty of Medicine Tokat Tokat, <postal-code>60250</postal-code> &#8211; T&#252;rkiye E-mail: <email>kay55han@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <related-article related-article-type="article" id="r1-en" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250088i" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Walk Test</kwd>
        <kwd>Natriuretic Peptides</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We read with great interest the article by Aydin et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> which investigates the association between pulmonary valve regurgitation (PR) severity and levels of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (pro-BNP), six-minute walk test (6MWT) distance, and complications in 490 heart failure (HF) patients. We commend the authors for addressing this underexplored valvular pathology; however, several methodological and interpretive concerns warrant careful consideration before the conclusions can be fully accepted.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>1. Severe Group Imbalance and Statistical Power</title>
        <p>The striking disparity in group sizes&#8212;272 (No PR) and 162 (Mild PR) versus only 20 (Moderate PR) and 36 (Severe PR)&#8212;raises serious concerns about the statistical power of the multivariate models.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In a multivariate model featuring five predictors (PR severity, age, LVEF, PASP, and hemoglobin), the reliability of the derived coefficients for the smaller subgroups may be compromised by the lack of statistical power. This imbalance raises additional concerns regarding the precision and stability of the reported regression coefficients (&#946;=0.48 for pro-BNP and &#946;=&#8722;0.39 for 6MWT). We urge the authors to report 95% confidence intervals for all beta coefficients and to consider bootstrap-based sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>2. Echocardiographic Grading Reliability</title>
        <p>The authors acknowledge that a systematic interobserver reproducibility assessment was not performed. Without kappa statistics, the reliability of the semi-quantitative PR grading cannot be verified, particularly given that vena contracta width was the only quantitative parameter available. Furthermore, the lack of other quantitative parameters&#8212;such as regurgitant volume or fraction&#8212;limits the validity of a four-grade classification system when based solely on vena contracta width.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>3. Selection Bias in 6MWT Data</title>
        <p>The 6MWT was performed only "when available," creating a substantial risk of ascertainment bias. Patients with the most severe functional limitation&#8212;who are more likely to be in the Moderate and Severe PR groups&#8212;may have been systematically excluded from testing, potentially underestimating functional impairment in these groups.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The authors should report completion rates per PR severity group and baseline comparisons between tested and non-tested patients.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>4. Unmeasured Confounders and Causal Language</title>
        <p>The multivariate model omits key confounders&#8212;including body mass index, HF etiology, atrial fibrillation burden, and contemporary HF therapies (SGLT2 inhibitors, sacubitril/valsartan)&#8212;that independently influence both pro-BNP and 6MWT. Moreover, the discussion employs causal and mechanistic language that a cross-sectional retrospective design cannot support. It is equally plausible that advanced HF leads to secondary pulmonary hypertension, annular dilation, and consequently more PR&#8212;the reverse causal pathway. We recommend consistently replacing causal wording with associative language throughout the manuscript. Therapeutic implications should be clearly framed as hypothesis-generating rather than practice-guiding.</p>
        <p>In summary, Aydin et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> address a clinically relevant question and present findings of interest to the HF community. Addressing the statistical, methodological, and interpretive concerns outlined above would substantially enhance the validity of the manuscript's conclusions. We look forward to prospective studies that more definitively establish the prognostic role of PR severity in HF populations.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R02" xml:lang="en">
      <front-stub>
        <article-categories>
          <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
            <subject>Reply</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </article-categories>
        <title-group>
          <article-title>Reply</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1017-1917</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Aydin</surname>
              <given-names>Fatih</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6564-7185</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Murat</surname>
              <given-names>Bektas</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
              <sup>2</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3935-0222</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Murat</surname>
              <given-names>Selda</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
              <sup>3</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4608-2972</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Daghan</surname>
              <given-names>Muhammet Burak</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <aff id="aff6">
            <label>1</label>
            <institution content-type="orgname">TC Sa&#287;lik Bakanli&#287;i Eski&#351;ehir &#350;ehir Hastanesi</institution>
            <addr-line>
              <named-content content-type="city">Odunpazari</named-content>
            </addr-line>
            <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
            <institution content-type="original">TC Sa&#287;lik Bakanli&#287;i Eski&#351;ehir &#350;ehir Hastanesi, Odunpazari &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff id="aff7">
            <label>2</label>
            <institution content-type="orgname">Eskisehir City Hospital</institution>
            <addr-line>
              <named-content content-type="city">Eskisehir</named-content>
            </addr-line>
            <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
            <institution content-type="original">Eskisehir City Hospital, Eskisehir &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff id="aff8">
            <label>3</label>
            <institution content-type="orgname">Eskisehir Osmangazi University &#8211; Medical Faculty Department of Cardiology</institution>
            <addr-line>
              <named-content content-type="city">Eskisehir</named-content>
            </addr-line>
            <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
            <institution content-type="original">Eskisehir Osmangazi University &#8211; Medical Faculty Department of Cardiology, Eskisehir &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
          </aff>
        </contrib-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p>
          <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
        </p>
        <p>We thank the authors of the letter for their careful reading of our work and for raising several points that allow us to clarify the design and interpretation of our study. We welcome this kind of scholarly dialogue, and we hope our response addresses each concern in turn.</p>
        <p>Regarding group size imbalance and statistical power, we fully acknowledge the unequal distribution across PR severity categories. This reflects the real-world prevalence of pulmonary regurgitation in a general heart failure population, where moderate and severe forms are inherently less common. The purpose of our study was precisely to characterize this distribution as it exists in clinical practice, not to balance groups artificially. That said, the point concerning confidence intervals for the regression coefficients is well taken. We concede that reporting 95% confidence intervals alongside the standardized beta coefficients would strengthen transparency. Bootstrap sensitivity analyses are a reasonable suggestion for future iterations, and we welcome this guidance for prospective work.</p>
        <p>On echocardiographic grading reliability, the commentators correctly note the absence of formal kappa statistics. We must emphasize, however, that our grading protocol was not based solely on vena contracta width. As described in the Methods section, we employed a comprehensive, multi-parameter approach that integrated color Doppler jet width relative to the pulmonary annulus, continuous-wave Doppler signal density and deceleration profile, and the presence of diastolic flow reversal in the pulmonary branches, which is fully consistent with the American Society of Echocardiography recommendations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref></sup> Vena contracta width was highlighted because it was the only parameter available in tabular form retrospectively; it does not capture the full scope of our classification approach. We agree that formal interobserver analysis should be a cornerstone of any future prospective study.</p>
        <p>The concern about ascertainment bias in the 6MWT is legitimate and is one we explicitly discussed in the Limitations section. However, we would gently push back on the framing. If patients with the most severe functional limitation were indeed unable to complete the 6MWT, the observed differences across PR severity groups would represent a conservative estimate of the true functional gradient rather than an overestimation. This would, if anything, make our findings more rather than less credible. Nevertheless, we agree that reporting completion rates per group is a valuable transparency measure, and future prospective designs should incorporate this.</p>
        <p>Finally, we fully accept the critique regarding causal language and unmeasured confounders. Atrial fibrillation burden, body mass index, HF etiology, and the use of SGLT2 inhibitors or sacubitril/valsartan are relevant variables that our retrospective data did not consistently capture. The reverse causal pathway, in which advanced HF drives secondary pulmonary hypertension, annular dilation, and ultimately PR, is a biologically plausible and important alternative explanation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">3</xref></sup> We did not intend to imply a unidirectional mechanism, and we agree that mechanistic language should consistently be replaced with associative framing. Our conclusions are explicitly observational, and any therapeutic implications should be read as hypothesis-generating rather than actionable guidance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>We are grateful to the correspondents for helping to sharpen the discussion of this underexplored valvular lesion in the context of heart failure. Their comments reinforce the need for well-designed prospective cohort studies, which we intend to pursue.</p>
      </body>
    </sub-article>
  </sub-article>
</article>
