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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">pt7KsgvxQzrb4x35JHcsQdM</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000601004</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01004</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.2026458</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Valores de Refer&#234;ncia em Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica Cardiovascular: Entre a Valida&#231;&#227;o Local e a Harmoniza&#231;&#227;o Global</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2812-2208</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Miguel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Viseu</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital CUF Viseu</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Viseu</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital CUF Viseu, Viseu &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Miguel Correia</bold> &#8226; Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu EPE &#8211; Cardiologia - Av. Rei D. Duarte, Viseu, <postal-code>3500-101</postal-code> - Portugal E-mail: <email>miguelcorreia2014@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260458</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Imageamento por Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Valores de Refer&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Padr&#245;es de Refer&#234;ncia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica cardiovascular (RMC) se consolidou nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas como o m&#233;todo de refer&#234;ncia para avalia&#231;&#227;o morfofuncional card&#237;aca, permitindo a quantifica&#231;&#227;o precisa de volumes ventriculares, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o e massa mioc&#225;rdica, al&#233;m da caracteriza&#231;&#227;o tecidual de m&#250;ltiplas cardiopatias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A elevada reprodutibilidade das suas medi&#231;&#245;es constitui uma das principais vantagens em rela&#231;&#227;o a outras modalidades de imagem, tornando a RMC uma ferramenta essencial tanto na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica quanto na investiga&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A interpreta&#231;&#227;o adequada dos par&#226;metros obtidos por RMC depende, contudo, da exist&#234;ncia de valores de refer&#234;ncia robustos e aplic&#225;veis &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. Neste contexto, o artigo "Valores de Normalidade para Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica Cardiovascular uma Revis&#227;o Anal&#237;tico-Comparativa com &#202;nfase na Popula&#231;&#227;o Brasileira", publicado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> aborda uma quest&#227;o particularmente relevante para a cardiologia brasileira: a aplicabilidade dos valores normativos internacionais &#224; realidade nacional.</p>
    <p>Os autores realizaram uma an&#225;lise comparativa entre os valores de refer&#234;ncia obtidos em uma coorte brasileira saud&#225;vel descrita por Macedo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e os valores derivados da mais recente atualiza&#231;&#227;o das <italic>Guidelines</italic> da <italic>Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance</italic> (SCMR).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A principal conclus&#227;o do estudo foi a exist&#234;ncia de elevada concord&#226;ncia global entre os par&#226;metros morfofuncionais avaliados, com diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas restritas a um n&#250;mero reduzido de vari&#225;veis, correspondendo essencialmente aos di&#226;metros ventriculares esquerdos e &#224; massa ventricular esquerda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Estes resultados merecem destaque. Historicamente, a necessidade de estabelecer valores normativos espec&#237;ficos para diferentes popula&#231;&#245;es tem sido frequentemente defendida com base em diferen&#231;as antropom&#233;tricas, &#233;tnicas e ambientais. No Brasil, pa&#237;s marcado por grande diversidade gen&#233;tica e heterogeneidade regional, essa preocupa&#231;&#227;o parece particularmente justific&#225;vel. No entanto, os dados apresentados sugerem que, quando adequadamente indexados &#224; superf&#237;cie corporal, os principais par&#226;metros card&#237;acos obtidos por RMC apresentam comportamento notavelmente semelhante ao observado em grandes coortes internacionais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Tais resultados refor&#231;am uma mensagem importante: parte substancial da variabilidade observada entre estudos provavelmente decorre mais de diferen&#231;as metodol&#243;gicas do que de verdadeiras diferen&#231;as biol&#243;gicas entre popula&#231;&#245;es. Aspectos metodol&#243;gicos aparentemente simples, como a inclus&#227;o ou exclus&#227;o dos m&#250;sculos papilares, os crit&#233;rios de delimita&#231;&#227;o endoc&#225;rdica e epic&#225;rdica, os softwares utilizados para p&#243;s-processamento ou mesmo os planos empregados para determinadas medi&#231;&#245;es, podem influenciar significativamente os valores obtidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesse sentido, n&#227;o surpreende que as maiores diverg&#234;ncias identificadas pelos autores tenham ocorrido justamente em par&#226;metros particularmente sens&#237;veis &#224; metodologia de aquisi&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise. O pr&#243;prio estudo destaca que os di&#226;metros ventriculares esquerdos foram obtidos por t&#233;cnicas distintas nas publica&#231;&#245;es comparadas, o que provavelmente explica parte das diferen&#231;as observadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Esta constata&#231;&#227;o refor&#231;a que a harmoniza&#231;&#227;o dos protocolos de aquisi&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise pode ser t&#227;o importante quanto a defini&#231;&#227;o dos pr&#243;prios intervalos de normalidade.</p>
    <p>Outro m&#233;rito do trabalho reside em destacar a evolu&#231;&#227;o das bases internacionais de refer&#234;ncia. As atualiza&#231;&#245;es recentes da SCMR incorporaram dados provenientes de m&#250;ltiplas coortes internacionais, incluindo a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira estudada por Macedo et al., ampliando significativamente a robustez estat&#237;stica dos intervalos de refer&#234;ncia atualmente dispon&#237;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de grandes bases multic&#234;ntricas e multi&#233;tnicas representa um avan&#231;o importante para a constru&#231;&#227;o de modelos normativos mais abrangentes e potencialmente mais aplic&#225;veis em diferentes cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos.</p>
    <p>O manuscrito apresenta ainda uma proposta pragm&#225;tica para grada&#231;&#227;o da anormalidade baseada em m&#250;ltiplos do desvio-padr&#227;o da m&#233;dia. Embora esta abordagem n&#227;o fa&#231;a parte das recomenda&#231;&#245;es formais da SCMR,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> ela procura responder a uma necessidade frequentemente encontrada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica: a comunica&#231;&#227;o objetiva da magnitude das altera&#231;&#245;es observadas. A utiliza&#231;&#227;o explorat&#243;ria de limiares correspondentes a 1.5, 3 e 4.5 desvios-padr&#227;o para caracterizar altera&#231;&#245;es ligeiras, moderadas e severas, respetivamente, constitui uma proposta interessante que poder&#225; estimular futuras investiga&#231;&#245;es e processos de valida&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Importa, contudo, interpretar os resultados com cautela. Como reconhecido pelos autores, a compara&#231;&#227;o foi realizada a partir de dados sumarizados, sem acesso aos microdados das coortes originais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Tal limita&#231;&#227;o impede ajustes individuais para vari&#225;veis potencialmente relevantes, como idade, superf&#237;cie corporal e composi&#231;&#227;o &#233;tnica, al&#233;m de impossibilitar an&#225;lises mais sofisticadas de equival&#234;ncia populacional. Consequentemente, os achados devem ser interpretados como evid&#234;ncia de concord&#226;ncia global e n&#227;o como valida&#231;&#227;o formal dos valores internacionais para a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira.</p>
    <p>Apesar dessas limita&#231;&#245;es, o estudo fornece uma contribui&#231;&#227;o relevante para a imagem cardiovascular nacional. Seus resultados sugerem que os valores de refer&#234;ncia internacionalmente recomendados podem ser utilizados na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica brasileira, desde que respeitadas as particularidades metodol&#243;gicas e interpretativas de cada contexto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Mais importante ainda, o trabalho desloca o foco do debate da busca por diferen&#231;as populacionais para a necessidade de maior padroniza&#231;&#227;o metodol&#243;gica.</p>
    <p>Numa era caracterizada pela crescente integra&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica internacional e pela expans&#227;o das ferramentas automatizadas de an&#225;lise de imagem, a quest&#227;o central talvez n&#227;o seja determinar se os valores de normalidade devem ser brasileiros ou internacionais, mas assegurar que sejam obtidos por m&#233;todos robustos, reproduz&#237;veis e clinicamente relevantes. Sob esta perspetiva, o estudo comentado representa um passo importante na constru&#231;&#227;o de uma linguagem comum para a RMC, favorecendo a harmoniza&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e a comparabilidade dos resultados entre centros nacionais e internacionais.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Valores de Normalidade para Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica Cardiovascular uma Revis&#227;o Anal&#237;tico-Comparativa com &#202;nfase na Popula&#231;&#227;o Brasileira</p>
      </fn>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.2026458i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reference Values in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Between Local Validation and Global Harmonization</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2812-2208</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Miguel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Viseu</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu, Viseu &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Viseu</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital CUF Viseu, Viseu &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Miguel Correia</bold> &#8226; Centro Hospitalar Tondela Viseu EPE &#8211; Cardiologia - Av. Rei D. Duarte, Viseu, <postal-code>3500-101</postal-code> - Portugal E-mail: <email>miguelcorreia2014@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Reference Values</kwd>
        <kwd>Reference Standards</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has become established in recent decades as the gold standard method for cardiac morphofunctional assessment, allowing for the precise quantification of ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and myocardial mass, as well as the tissue characterization of multiple heart diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The high reproducibility of its measurements is one of its main advantages over other imaging modalities, making CMR an essential tool in both clinical practice and cardiovascular research.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, the proper interpretation of parameters obtained by CMR depends on the existence of robust reference values applicable to the studied population. In this context, the article "Normal Reference Values for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: An Analytical&#8211;Comparative Review with Emphasis on the Brazilian Population", published in this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> addresses a question that is particularly relevant to Brazilian cardiology: the applicability of international normative values to the national reality.</p>
      <p>The authors performed a comparative analysis between reference values obtained in a healthy Brazilian cohort described by Macedo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and values derived from the most recent update of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) Guidelines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The main conclusion of the study was the existence of high overall agreement between the morphofunctional parameters evaluated, with statistically significant differences restricted to a small number of variables, essentially corresponding to left ventricular diameters and left ventricular mass.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>These results deserve highlighting. Historically, the need to establish specific normative values for different populations has often been advocated based on anthropometric, ethnic, and environmental differences. In Brazil, a country marked by great genetic diversity and regional heterogeneity, this concern seems particularly justified. However, the data presented suggest that, when adequately indexed to body surface area, the main cardiac parameters obtained by CMR exhibit remarkably similar behavior to that observed in large international cohorts.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>These results reinforce an important message: a substantial part of the variability observed between studies likely stems more from methodological differences than from true biological differences between populations. Seemingly simple methodological aspects, such as the inclusion or exclusion of papillary muscles, the criteria for endocardial and epicardial delimitation, the software used for post-processing, or even the planes employed for certain measurements, can significantly influence the values obtained.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this sense, it is not surprising that the greatest divergences identified by the authors occurred precisely in parameters particularly sensitive to the acquisition and analysis methodology. The study itself highlights that left ventricular diameters were obtained using different techniques in the compared publications, which probably explains some of the observed differences.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This finding reinforces that the harmonization of acquisition and analysis protocols can be as important as the definition of the normal ranges themselves.</p>
      <p>Another merit of the work lies in highlighting the evolution of international reference databases. Recent updates to the SCMR have incorporated data from multiple international cohorts, including the Brazilian population studied by Macedo et al., significantly increasing the statistical robustness of the currently available reference ranges.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The use of large multicenter and multiethnic databases represents an important advance in the construction of more comprehensive and potentially more applicable normative models in different clinical scenarios.</p>
      <p>The manuscript also presents a pragmatic proposal for grading abnormality based on multiples of the standard deviation from the mean. Although this approach is not part of the formal recommendations of the SCMR,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> it seeks to address a need frequently encountered in clinical practice: the objective communication of the magnitude of the observed changes. The exploratory use of thresholds corresponding to 1.5, 3, and 4.5 standard deviations to characterize mild, moderate, and severe changes, respectively, constitutes an interesting proposal that may stimulate future research and validation processes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, the results should be interpreted with caution. As acknowledged by the authors, the comparison was made using summarized data, without access to the microdata of the original cohorts.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This limitation prevents individual adjustments for potentially relevant variables, such as age, body surface area, and ethnic composition, and also makes more sophisticated population equivalence analyses impossible. Consequently, the findings should be interpreted as evidence of overall agreement and not as formal validation of international values for the Brazilian population.</p>
      <p>Despite these limitations, the study provides a relevant contribution to national cardiovascular imaging. Its results suggest that internationally recommended reference values can be used in Brazilian clinical practice, provided that the methodological and interpretative particularities of each context are respected.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> More importantly, the work shifts the focus of the debate from the search for population differences to the need for greater methodological standardization.</p>
      <p>In an era characterized by increasing international scientific integration and the expansion of automated image analysis tools, the central question may not be whether normality values should be Brazilian or international, but rather ensuring that they are obtained through robust, reproducible, and clinically relevant methods. From this perspective, the study discussed represents an important step in building a common language for CMR, promoting the harmonization of clinical practice and the comparability of results between national and international centers.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Normal Reference Values for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: An Analytical&#8211;Comparative Review with Emphasis on the Brazilian Population</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
