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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">dpNG43QdktBpSGk3rfYF3Df</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000601005</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01005</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260438</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mortalidade por Cardiomiopatias no Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1506-0327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Dur&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas &#8211; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label> Andr&#233; Rodrigues Dur&#227;es &#8226; R. Bas&#237;lio da Gama, 30. CEP <postal-code>40110-040</postal-code>, Canela, Salvador, BA - Brasil E-mail: <email>andreduraes@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260438</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Brasil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As cardiomiopatias representam um grupo heterog&#234;neo de doen&#231;as do m&#250;sculo card&#237;aco que, embora individualmente menos prevalentes que a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, imp&#245;em uma carga substancial de morbimortalidade em escala global. Dados do <italic>Global Burden of Disease</italic> (GBD) 2021 estimam que as cardiomiopatias foram respons&#225;veis por aproximadamente 1,2 milh&#227;o de mortes no mundo, com uma taxa de mortalidade padronizada por idade de 14,3 por 100.000 habitantes, e mais de 28 milh&#245;es de anos de vida ajustados por incapacidade (DALYs) perdidos anualmente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A despeito dos avan&#231;os terap&#234;uticos das &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, a trajet&#243;ria epidemiol&#243;gica dessas condi&#231;&#245;es permanece marcada por profundas desigualdades regionais, tanto entre pa&#237;ses em diferentes continentes, quanto dentro de um mesmo territ&#243;rio nacional. &#201; neste cen&#225;rio que o estudo de Silva et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> oferece uma contribui&#231;&#227;o oportuna e necess&#225;ria ao analisar o perfil epidemiol&#243;gico, al&#233;m da evolu&#231;&#227;o t&#234;mporo-espacial da mortalidade por cardiomiopatias no Brasil entre 2001 e 2021.</p>
    <p>Trata-se de um importante estudo epidemiol&#243;gico ecol&#243;gico que utilizou dados do Sistema de Informa&#231;&#245;es sobre Mortalidade (SIM) para examinar mais de 200.000 &#243;bitos por cardiomiopatias no per&#237;odo de duas d&#233;cadas. Observou-se que a mortalidade m&#233;dia foi de 6,66 por 100 mil habitantes, atingindo 7,64 por 100 mil em 2004 e caindo para 4,15 por 100 mil em 2020. Observou-se redu&#231;&#227;o anual significativa de 1,86% (p&lt;0,05) e a an&#225;lise espacial revelou aglomerados de alta mortalidade principalmente no Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Somado a estes dados interessantes, o dado mais impactante e relevante &#8212; uma redu&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia de 1,86% ao ano na taxa de mortalidade padronizada &#8212; &#233;, em primeira an&#225;lise, encorajador. Esse decl&#237;nio posiciona o Brasil em trajet&#243;ria semelhante &#224; observada em pa&#237;ses de renda m&#233;dia-alta, onde a melhoria no acesso ao diagn&#243;stico e ao tratamento tem contribu&#237;do para a redu&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares n&#227;o isqu&#234;micas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> No entanto, quando comparado &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o global estimada pelo GBD de aproximadamente 2,3% ao ano para o mesmo per&#237;odo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> o ritmo brasileiro se revela aqu&#233;m do desej&#225;vel, sugerindo que os ganhos obtidos n&#227;o foram uniformes nem suficientes para eliminar as disparidades internas.</p>
    <p>A heterogeneidade espacial documentada &#233; outro dado not&#225;vel deste estudo. Enquanto as regi&#245;es Sul e Sudeste apresentaram decl&#237;nios mais acentuados, com redu&#231;&#245;es anuais superiores a 2,5% em alguns estados, as regi&#245;es Norte e Nordeste exibiram tend&#234;ncias menos favor&#225;veis, com taxas de mortalidade persistentemente mais elevadas e, em algumas &#225;reas, sinais de estabiliza&#231;&#227;o ou mesmo aumento. Esse padr&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; idiossincr&#225;tico do Brasil. Dados do GBD revelam que, globalmente, a carga de cardiomiopatias &#233; desproporcionalmente concentrada em pa&#237;ses de baixa e m&#233;dia renda, que respondem por mais de 80% dos DALYs perdidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Por exemplo, na &#193;frica Subsaariana e no Sul da &#193;sia, as taxas de mortalidade por cardiomiopatias chegam a ser tr&#234;s a quatro vezes superiores &#224;s observadas na Europa Ocidental e na Am&#233;rica do Norte.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O Brasil, com sua vasta extens&#227;o territorial e profundas desigualdades socioecon&#244;micas, reproduz em escala nacional o que se observa no plano global: a carga da doen&#231;a segue o gradiente da pobreza.</p>
    <p>Os determinantes desta heterogeneidade s&#227;o m&#250;ltiplos e interligados. O estudo de Silva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> aponta para a associa&#231;&#227;o entre maior mortalidade e piores indicadores sociodemogr&#225;ficos, como menor escolaridade e maior propor&#231;&#227;o de popula&#231;&#227;o autodeclarada preta ou parda. Esses achados ecoam evid&#234;ncias robustas da literatura internacional. No Estudo Multic&#234;ntrico de Interven&#231;&#227;o em Miocardite e Cardiomiopatia Aguda (IMAC2), McNamara et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> demonstraram que pacientes com cardiomiopatia dilatada de origem n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica provenientes de comunidades socioeconomicamente desfavorecidas apresentam risco 40% maior de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, independentemente de fatores cl&#237;nicos e terap&#234;uticos. Outra an&#225;lise com metodologia similar evidenciou que a mortalidade por cardiomiopatia periparto &#233; significativamente maior entre mulheres negras nos Estados Unidos, refletindo n&#227;o apenas diferen&#231;as biol&#243;gicas, mas, sobretudo, barreiras estruturais e socioecon&#244;micas no acesso ao cuidado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No contexto brasileiro, a quest&#227;o racial e socioecon&#244;mica adquire contornos particularmente complexos. A popula&#231;&#227;o miscigenada de n&#227;o brancos (pretos, pardos, mulatos), que constitui a maioria nas regi&#245;es Norte e Nordeste (regi&#227;o economicamente mais pobre com piores indicadores), enfrenta n&#227;o apenas menor acesso a servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de especializados, mas tamb&#233;m maior exposi&#231;&#227;o a fatores de risco modific&#225;veis, como hipertens&#227;o arterial n&#227;o controlada, diabetes mellitus e doen&#231;a de Chagas &#8212; esta &#250;ltima, uma causa relevante de cardiomiopatia no Brasil, com distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica que se sobrep&#245;e &#224;s &#225;reas de maior vulnerabilidade social.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A intera&#231;&#227;o entre determinantes sociais, etiologias infecciosas e acesso desigual ao cuidado cria um ciclo de perpetua&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a que pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de fragmentadas dificilmente conseguem romper.</p>
    <p>As implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica s&#227;o profundas. Do ponto de vista da pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica, o reconhecimento de que a mortalidade por cardiomiopatias n&#227;o se distribui aleatoriamente no territ&#243;rio nacional imp&#245;e a necessidade de estrat&#233;gias diagn&#243;sticas e terap&#234;uticas regionalizadas. A incorpora&#231;&#227;o de ecocardiografia <italic>point-of-care</italic> em unidades b&#225;sicas de sa&#250;de de regi&#245;es remotas, a capacita&#231;&#227;o de m&#233;dicos da aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria para o reconhecimento precoce de sinais de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, e a cria&#231;&#227;o de linhas de cuidado integradas entre aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria e servi&#231;os especializados, s&#227;o medidas fact&#237;veis e com potencial de impacto significativo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Um ensaio cl&#237;nico realizado na &#205;ndia por Agarwal et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> demonstrou que programas de cuidado coordenado para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em comunidades de baixa renda reduziram a mortalidade em 25% em dois anos.</p>
    <p>No plano das pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas, o estudo de Silva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> oferece um mapa claro das prioridades. As regi&#245;es Norte e Nordeste, assim como &#225;reas espec&#237;ficas do Centro-Oeste e do interior do Nordeste, demandam investimentos direcionados em infraestrutura diagn&#243;stica, oferta de medicamentos essenciais e fortalecimento da aten&#231;&#227;o especializada. A experi&#234;ncia internacional, documentada em an&#225;lises sobre sistemas de sa&#250;de universais, sugere que a redu&#231;&#227;o das desigualdades em sa&#250;de cardiovascular requer n&#227;o apenas aumento de recursos, mas redesenho dos modelos de aten&#231;&#227;o para garantir que os servi&#231;os cheguem a quem mais precisa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Olhando para o futuro, algumas quest&#245;es emergem como prioridades de pesquisa e a&#231;&#227;o. Primeiro, &#233; necess&#225;rio compreender em maior profundidade os determinantes locais da heterogeneidade observada &#8212; estudos ecol&#243;gicos identificam associa&#231;&#245;es, mas n&#227;o estabelecem causalidade. Investiga&#231;&#245;es com desenhos multin&#237;vel, que integrem dados individuais e contextuais, s&#227;o essenciais para orientar interven&#231;&#245;es precisas. Segundo, a vigil&#226;ncia epidemiol&#243;gica das cardiomiopatias no Brasil precisa ser aprimorada, com a incorpora&#231;&#227;o de registros cl&#237;nicos que permitam distinguir subtipos etiol&#243;gicos &#8212; dilatada, hipertr&#243;fica, restritiva, periparto, chag&#225;sica &#8212; cujas trajet&#243;rias e respostas ao tratamento diferem substancialmente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Terceiro, &#233; imperativo que as pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de incorporem explicitamente o princ&#237;pio da equidade, alocando recursos de forma proporcional &#224; necessidade, e n&#227;o apenas &#224; demanda. Quarto, a atua&#231;&#227;o en&#233;rgica e efetiva no controle dos fatores de risco modific&#225;veis e condi&#231;&#245;es cr&#244;nicas cujo tratamento trazem grande impacto na redu&#231;&#227;o de eventos cardiovasculares maiores, como hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes, dislipidemia, sedentarismo, obesidade, tabagismo, etilismo etc.</p>
    <p>O estudo de Silva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> n&#227;o &#233; apenas mais uma an&#225;lise epidemiol&#243;gica. &#201; um chamado &#224; a&#231;&#227;o. Em um pa&#237;s de dimens&#245;es continentais e desigualdades hist&#243;ricas, a constata&#231;&#227;o de que a mortalidade por cardiomiopatias est&#225; diminuindo, mas de forma desigual, deve servir como alerta e como roteiro. A redu&#231;&#227;o de 1,86% ao ano &#233; insuficiente quando contrastada com o potencial de preven&#231;&#227;o e tratamento que a medicina cardiovascular oferece na atualidade. A heterogeneidade espacial documentada &#233; inaceit&#225;vel em um sistema de sa&#250;de que tem a universalidade e a equidade como princ&#237;pios constitucionais. Recentemente o Brasil se enquadrou na categoria de desenvolvimento humano "muito alto" pelo IDHM (&#205;ndice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal) de 0,805 atrav&#233;s da an&#225;lise de tr&#234;s dimens&#245;es: longevidade (sa&#250;de), acesso ao conhecimento (educa&#231;&#227;o) e padr&#227;o de vida (renda). Contudo, a conhecida universaliza&#231;&#227;o do acesso, embora exitosa em estabelecer um piso elevado de longevidade, encontra limites na capacidade de equalizar desfechos em condi&#231;&#245;es que demandam cuidado especializado cont&#237;nuo, como as cardiomiopatias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Cabe agora &#224; comunidade cient&#237;fica, aos gestores de sa&#250;de e aos formuladores de pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas transformar os dados deste estudo em a&#231;&#227;o concreta. As cardiomiopatias no Brasil t&#234;m nome, endere&#231;o e determinantes sociais. Ignor&#225;-los n&#227;o &#233; apenas um erro cient&#237;fico &#8212; &#233; uma falha &#233;tica.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: An&#225;lise T&#234;mporo-Espacial da Mortalidade por Cardiomiopatias no Brasil entre 2001 e 2021</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260438i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mortality from Cardiomyopathies in Brazil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1506-0327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Dur&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas &#8211; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Andr&#233; Rodrigues Dur&#227;es &#8226; R. Bas&#237;lio da Gama, 30. Postal Code <postal-code>40110-040</postal-code>, Canela, Salvador, BA - Brazil E-mail: <email>andreduraes@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathies</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Brazil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiomyopathies represent a heterogeneous group of heart muscle diseases that, although individually less prevalent than coronary artery disease, impose a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality on a global scale. Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 estimate that cardiomyopathies were responsible for approximately 1.2 million deaths worldwide, with an age-standardized mortality rate of 14.3 per 100,000 inhabitants, and more than 28 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost annually.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Despite therapeutic advances in recent decades, the epidemiological trajectory of these conditions remains marked by profound regional inequalities, both between countries on different continents and within the same national territory. It is in this context that the study by Silva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> offers a timely and necessary contribution by analyzing the epidemiological profile, as well as the spatiotemporal evolution of mortality from cardiomyopathies in Brazil between 2001 and 2021.</p>
      <p>This is an important ecological epidemiological study that used data from the Mortality Information System (SIM) to examine more than 200,000 deaths from cardiomyopathies over a two-decade period. The average mortality rate was observed to be 6.66 per 100,000 inhabitants, reaching 7.64 per 100,000 in 2004 and falling to 4.15 per 100,000 in 2020. A significant annual reduction of 1.86% (p&lt;0.05) was observed, and spatial analysis revealed clusters of high mortality, mainly in the Central-West, South, and Southeast regions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In addition to these interesting data, the most impactful and relevant piece of information&#8212;an average annual reduction of 1.86% in the standardized mortality rate&#8212;is, at first glance, encouraging. This decline places Brazil on a trajectory similar to that observed in upper-middle-income countries, where improved access to diagnosis and treatment has contributed to a reduction in mortality from non-ischemic cardiovascular diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> However, when compared to the global reduction estimated by the GBD of approximately 2.3% per year for the same period,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> the Brazilian pace falls short of what is desirable, suggesting that the gains achieved were neither uniform nor sufficient to eliminate internal disparities.</p>
      <p>The documented spatial heterogeneity is another notable finding of this study. While the South and Southeast regions showed more pronounced declines, with annual reductions exceeding 2.5% in some states, the North and Northeast regions exhibited less favorable trends, with persistently higher mortality rates and, in some areas, signs of stabilization or even increase. This pattern is not unique to Brazil. GBD data reveal that, globally, the burden of cardiomyopathies is disproportionately concentrated in low- and middle-income countries, which account for more than 80% of missed DALYs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> For example, in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, mortality rates from cardiomyopathies are three to four times higher than those observed in Western Europe and North America.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Brazil, with its vast territorial extension and profound socioeconomic inequalities, reproduces on a national scale what is observed globally: the burden of disease follows the gradient of poverty.</p>
      <p>The determinants of this heterogeneity are multiple and interconnected. The study by Silva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> points to an association between higher mortality and worse sociodemographic indicators, such as lower education and a higher proportion of the population self-identifying as Black or mixed-race. These findings echo robust evidence from the international literature. In the Multicenter Intervention Study on Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy (IMAC2), McNamara et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> demonstrated that patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy from socioeconomically disadvantaged communities have a 40% higher risk of hospitalization for heart failure, regardless of clinical and therapeutic factors. Another analysis with a similar methodology showed that mortality from peripartum cardiomyopathy is significantly higher among Black women in the United States, reflecting not only biological differences, but, above all, structural and socioeconomic barriers to access to care.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the Brazilian context, the racial and socioeconomic issues take on particularly complex dimensions. The mixed-race population of non-whites (blacks, browns, mulattos), which constitutes the majority in the North and Northeast regions (the poorest region with the worst indicators), faces not only less access to specialized health services, but also greater exposure to modifiable risk factors, such as uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and Chagas disease&#8212;the latter being a significant cause of cardiomyopathy in Brazil, with a geographic distribution that overlaps with areas of greater social vulnerability.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The interaction between social determinants, infectious etiologies, and unequal access to care creates a cycle of disease perpetuation that fragmented health policies can hardly break.</p>
      <p>The clinical and public health implications are profound. From a medical practice standpoint, the recognition that mortality from cardiomyopathies is not randomly distributed across the country necessitates regionalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The incorporation of point-of-care echocardiography in primary healthcare units in remote areas, the training of primary care physicians for the early recognition of signs of heart failure, and the creation of integrated care pathways between primary care and specialized services are feasible measures with the potential for significant impact.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A clinical trial conducted in India by Agarwal et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> demonstrated that coordinated care programs for heart failure in low-income communities reduced mortality by 25% in two years.</p>
      <p>In terms of public policy, the study by Silva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> offers a clear map of priorities. The North and Northeast regions, as well as specific areas of the Central-West and the interior of the Northeast, require targeted investments in diagnostic infrastructure, the supply of essential medicines, and the strengthening of specialized care. International experience, documented in analyses of universal health systems, suggests that reducing inequalities in cardiovascular health requires not only increased resources but also a redesign of care models to ensure that services reach those who need them most.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Looking to the future, several issues emerge as research and action priorities. First, it is necessary to understand in greater depth the local determinants of the observed heterogeneity&#8212;ecological studies identify associations, but do not establish causality. Investigations with multilevel designs, integrating individual and contextual data, are essential to guide precise interventions. Second, the epidemiological surveillance of cardiomyopathies in Brazil needs to be improved, with the incorporation of clinical records that allow distinguishing etiological subtypes&#8212;dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, peripartum, Chagasic&#8212;whose trajectories and responses to treatment differ substantially.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Third, it is imperative that health policies explicitly incorporate the principle of equity, allocating resources proportionally to need, and not just to demand. Fourth, energetic and effective action is needed in controlling modifiable risk factors and chronic conditions whose treatment has a major impact on reducing major cardiovascular events, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, alcoholism, etc.</p>
      <p>The study by Silva et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> is not just another epidemiological analysis. It is a call to action. In a country of continental dimensions and historical inequalities, the finding that mortality from cardiomyopathies is decreasing, but unevenly, should serve as a warning and a roadmap. The 1.86% annual reduction is insufficient when contrasted with the potential for prevention and treatment that cardiovascular medicine currently offers. The documented spatial heterogeneity is unacceptable in a health system that has universality and equity as constitutional principles. Recently, Brazil was classified in the "very high" human development category by the MHDI (Municipal Human Development Index) of 0.805 through the analysis of three dimensions: longevity (health), access to knowledge (education), and standard of living (income). However, the well-known universalization of access, while successful in establishing a high level of longevity, has limitations in its ability to equalize outcomes in conditions that require continuous specialized care, such as cardiomyopathies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is now up to the scientific community, health managers, and public policy makers to transform the data from this study into concrete action. Cardiomyopathies in Brazil have names, addresses, and social determinants. Ignoring them is not just a scientific error&#8212;it is an ethical failure.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Spatiotemporal Analysis of Mortality from Cardiomyopathies in Brazil between 2001 and 2021</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
