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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">TSbs75VffLdx6pmBdgxvtSF</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000601001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260398</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Excelentes Resultados Hospitalares em TAVI Bic&#250;spide. Mas e Agora?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8973-4438</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina Meira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label> Maria Cristina Meira Ferreira &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad - Rua Professor Paulo Rodolfo Rocco, 255, 8&#186; andar, sala 8EO6. CEP <postal-code>21941-617</postal-code>, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil E-mail: <email>mc.meira.ferreira@gmail.com</email>, <email>macris1500@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260398</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Substitui&#231;&#227;o da Valva A&#243;rtica Transcateter</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Valva A&#243;rtica Bic&#250;spide</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O implante transcateter de valva a&#243;rtica (TAVI) se expandiu rapidamente na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada, impulsionado por ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados, registros contempor&#226;neos e a evolu&#231;&#227;o progressiva das recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes internacionais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Paralelamente, estudos multic&#234;ntricos t&#234;m demonstrado cada vez mais o uso de TAVI em popula&#231;&#245;es mais complexas e com menor risco cir&#250;rgico, incluindo pacientes com anatomia bic&#250;spide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> &#192; medida que a experi&#234;ncia acumulada aumentou e novas gera&#231;&#245;es de valvas transcateter foram incorporadas &#224; pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, cen&#225;rios antes considerados desafiadores come&#231;aram a ser explorados com mais frequ&#234;ncia, incluindo a estenose a&#243;rtica associada &#224; valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide.</p>
    <p>No entanto, permanecem d&#250;vidas sobre at&#233; que ponto as evid&#234;ncias derivadas da estenose a&#243;rtica tric&#250;spide podem ser extrapoladas diretamente para pacientes com anatomia bic&#250;spide. Como destacado por Hirji et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> a doen&#231;a da valva bic&#250;spide representa uma condi&#231;&#227;o fundamentalmente distinta da estenose tric&#250;spide degenerativa, caracterizada por calcifica&#231;&#227;o assim&#233;trica, geometria anular el&#237;ptica e alta preval&#234;ncia de aortopatia associada. Essas caracter&#237;sticas introduzem desafios capazes de afetar tanto o sucesso imediato do procedimento quanto o desempenho e a durabilidade da valva a longo prazo.</p>
    <p>Revis&#245;es contempor&#226;neas refor&#231;am que a doen&#231;a da valva bic&#250;spide n&#227;o deve ser interpretada como uma &#250;nica entidade anat&#244;mica, mas sim como um espectro heterog&#234;neo de apresenta&#231;&#245;es morfol&#243;gicas com distintas implica&#231;&#245;es t&#233;cnicas e progn&#243;sticas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Diferentes fen&#243;tipos, particularmente de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o de Sievers, exibem padr&#245;es vari&#225;veis de fus&#227;o das c&#250;spides, distribui&#231;&#227;o de calcifica&#231;&#227;o e anatomia da raiz da aorta, influenciando diretamente o dimensionamento, a expans&#227;o da pr&#243;tese, a regurgita&#231;&#227;o paravalvar e a durabilidade do dispositivo. Estudos recentes sugerem que subtipos anat&#244;micos espec&#237;ficos podem demonstrar distintos comportamentos no procedimento e na evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica ap&#243;s TAVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Nesse contexto, a aus&#234;ncia de uma caracteriza&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica detalhada da morfologia da valva bic&#250;spide no presente estudo limita a interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados observados, uma vez que a falta de defini&#231;&#227;o do fen&#243;tipo impossibilita determinar se subgrupos potencialmente mais complexos foram adequadamente representados na an&#225;lise.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Apesar dessas limita&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas e metodol&#243;gicas, os excelentes resultados intra-hospitalares relatados pelos autores refor&#231;am a crescente viabilidade do procedimento de TAVI em pacientes com valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide, particularmente em centros experientes com sele&#231;&#227;o anat&#244;mica adequada. A baixa mortalidade e o perfil favor&#225;vel de complica&#231;&#245;es imediatas refletem a evolu&#231;&#227;o contempor&#226;nea da t&#233;cnica do procedimento, do planejamento baseado em imagem e da tecnologia de valvas transcateter.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> No entanto, os resultados intra-hospitalares representam apenas uma dimens&#227;o do sucesso terap&#234;utico nessa popula&#231;&#227;o. Embora a aus&#234;ncia de eventos precoces seja encorajadora, ela n&#227;o se traduz necessariamente em equival&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica a m&#233;dio e longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Essa discuss&#227;o se torna particularmente relevante porque pacientes com doen&#231;a valvar bic&#250;spide frequentemente desenvolvem estenose a&#243;rtica em idades mais jovens, aumentando a import&#226;ncia da durabilidade da valva, do desempenho hemodin&#226;mico a longo prazo e da potencial necessidade de interven&#231;&#245;es futuras ao longo da vida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m da heterogeneidade anat&#244;mica, TAVI em anatomia bic&#250;spide permanece associado a desafios t&#233;cnicos espec&#237;ficos relacionados &#224; passagem da valva, ao dimensionamento da pr&#243;tese, &#224; expans&#227;o assim&#233;trica da valva e &#224; intera&#231;&#227;o entre o dispositivo e a anatomia supra-anular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Evid&#234;ncias recentes demonstram que a calcifica&#231;&#227;o extensa do rafe e certas configura&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas podem influenciar diretamente a regurgita&#231;&#227;o paravalvar, os gradientes residuais e a falha do dispositivo ap&#243;s TAVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Diferen&#231;as entre as plataformas de valvas transcateter tamb&#233;m podem afetar os resultados do procedimento, incluindo a necessidade de implante de uma segunda valva e complica&#231;&#245;es anulares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Esses achados refor&#231;am que TAVI em pacientes bic&#250;spides depende n&#227;o apenas da viabilidade do procedimento, mas tamb&#233;m de um planejamento altamente individualizado.</p>
    <p>Outro aspecto relevante &#233; que uma propor&#231;&#227;o substancial das evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis deriva predominantemente de registros observacionais e an&#225;lises retrospectivas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Muitos estudos excluem pacientes com anatomias bic&#250;spides mais complexas, limitando a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos resultados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Como enfatizado por Hirji et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> existe atualmente uma poss&#237;vel discrep&#226;ncia entre o entusiasmo tecnol&#243;gico a cerca de TAVI e a maturidade das evid&#234;ncias dispon&#237;veis para pacientes bic&#250;spides mais jovens. Al&#233;m disso, a dura&#231;&#227;o do acompanhamento permanece relativamente curta, limitando conclus&#245;es robustas sobre a durabilidade da pr&#243;tese, a deteriora&#231;&#227;o estrutural da valva e a necessidade de reinterven&#231;&#227;o. A aus&#234;ncia de avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica p&#243;s-alta no presente estudo tamb&#233;m limita interpreta&#231;&#245;es mais amplas sobre o sucesso do procedimento. Em pacientes com anatomia bic&#250;spide, o acompanhamento longitudinal torna-se particularmente importante para avaliar n&#227;o apenas o sucesso t&#233;cnico imediato, mas tamb&#233;m o desempenho funcional e a durabilidade da valva a longo prazo. Nesse contexto, dados recentes derivados do NOTION-2 sugerem que, embora os resultados iniciais sejam encorajadores, ainda persistem incertezas importantes sobre a evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica a longo prazo em pacientes bicuspids.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Assim, os resultados apresentados pelos autores devem ser interpretados como uma importante demonstra&#231;&#227;o da viabilidade contempor&#226;nea do procedimento de TAVI em anatomia bic&#250;spide, mas n&#227;o necessariamente como evid&#234;ncia definitiva de benef&#237;cio sustentado a longo prazo. Embora derivados de uma experi&#234;ncia ainda limitada em n&#250;mero de pacientes, esses achados s&#227;o particularmente relevantes por representarem a experi&#234;ncia nacional contempor&#226;nea em um cen&#225;rio ainda pouco explorado no contexto brasileiro. Em um pa&#237;s marcado por significativas disparidades regionais no acesso e na incorpora&#231;&#227;o de novas tecnologias, a descri&#231;&#227;o de desfechos locais contribui substancialmente para a compreens&#227;o da aplicabilidade dessa estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica de pacientes com anatomia bic&#250;spide.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Tend&#234;ncias Temporais e Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares do Implante Transcateter de Valva A&#243;rtica em Valvas A&#243;rticas Bic&#250;spides no Brasil: Uma An&#225;lise Pareada por Escore de Propens&#227;o</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260398i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Excellent In-Hospital Outcomes in Bicuspid TAVI. But What Comes Next?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8973-4438</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina Meira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
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            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Maria Cristina Meira Ferreira &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Saad - Rua Professor Paulo Rodolfo Rocco, 255, 8&#186; andar, sala 8EO6. Postal Code <postal-code>21941-617</postal-code>, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brazil E-mail: <email>mc.meira.ferreira@gmail.com</email>, <email>macris1500@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement</kwd>
        <kwd>Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has expanded rapidly over the last decade, driven by randomized trials, contemporary registries, and the progressive evolution of international guideline recommendations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In parallel, multicenter studies have increasingly demonstrated the use of TAVI in more complex and lower surgical risk populations, including patients with bicuspid anatomy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> As accumulated experience increased and newer generations of transcatheter valves were incorporated into clinical practice, scenarios previously considered challenging began to be explored more frequently, including aortic stenosis associated with a bicuspid aortic valve.</p>
      <p>However, questions remain regarding the extent to which evidence derived from tricuspid aortic stenosis can be directly extrapolated to patients with bicuspid anatomy. As highlighted by Hirji et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> bicuspid valve disease represents a fundamentally distinct condition from degenerative tricuspid stenosis, characterized by asymmetric calcification, elliptical annular geometry, and a high prevalence of associated aortopathy. These characteristics introduce challenges capable of affecting both immediate procedural success and long-term valve performance and durability.</p>
      <p>Contemporary reviews reinforce that bicuspid valve disease should not be interpreted as a single anatomical entity, but rather as a heterogeneous spectrum of morphological presentations with distinct technical and prognostic implications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Different phenotypes, particularly according to the Sievers classification, exhibit varying patterns of cusp fusion, calcification distribution, and aortic root anatomy, directly influencing sizing, prosthesis expansion, paravalvular leak, and device durability. Recent studies suggest that specific anatomical subtypes may demonstrate distinct procedural behavior and clinical evolution after TAVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> In this context, the absence of detailed anatomical characterization of bicuspid valve morphology in the presented study limits interpretation of the observed results, since the lack of phenotype definition makes it impossible to determine whether potentially more complex subgroups were adequately represented in the analysis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Despite these anatomical and methodological limitations, the excellent in-hospital outcomes reported by the authors reinforce the growing feasibility of TAVI in patients with a bicuspid aortic valve, particularly in experienced centers with appropriate anatomical selection. The low mortality and favorable profile of immediate complications reflect the contemporary evolution of procedural technique, imaging-based planning, and transcatheter valve technology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Nevertheless, in-hospital outcomes represent only one dimension of therapeutic success in this population. Although the absence of early events is encouraging, it does not necessarily translate into clinical equivalence in the mid- and long-term.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> This discussion becomes particularly relevant because patients with bicuspid valve disease frequently develop aortic stenosis at younger ages, increasing the importance of valve durability, long-term hemodynamic performance, and the potential need for future interventions throughout life.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Beyond anatomical heterogeneity, TAVI in bicuspid anatomy remains associated with specific technical challenges related to valve crossing, prosthesis sizing, asymmetric valve expansion, and the interaction between the device and supra-annular anatomy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Recent evidence demonstrates that extensive raphe calcification and certain anatomical configurations may directly influence paravalvular leak, residual gradients, and device failure following TAVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Differences between transcatheter valve platforms may also affect procedural outcomes, including the need for second-valve implantation and annular complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> These findings reinforce that TAVI performance in bicuspid patients depends not only on procedural feasibility but also on highly individualized planning.</p>
      <p>Another relevant aspect is that a substantial proportion of the available evidence is predominantly derived from observational registries and retrospective analyses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Many studies exclude patients with more complex bicuspid anatomies, limiting the generalizability of the results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> As emphasized by Hirji et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> there is currently a potential mismatch between the technological enthusiasm surrounding TAVI and the maturity of the evidence available for younger bicuspid patients. In addition, follow-up duration remains relatively short, limiting robust conclusions regarding prosthetic durability, structural valve deterioration, and the need for reintervention. The absence of post-discharge echocardiographic evaluation in the presented study also limits broader interpretations regarding procedural success. In patients with bicuspid anatomy, longitudinal follow-up becomes particularly important to assess not only immediate technical success, but also long-term functional valve performance and durability. In this context, recent data derived from NOTION-2 suggest that although early outcomes are encouraging, important uncertainties regarding long-term clinical evolution in bicuspid patients still persist.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Thus, the results presented by the authors should be interpreted as an important demonstration of the contemporary feasibility of TAVI in bicuspid anatomy, but not necessarily as definitive evidence of sustained long-term benefit. Although derived from an experience still limited in patient numbers, these findings hold particular relevance for representing contemporary national experience in a scenario that remains underexplored in the Brazilian context. In a country marked by significant regional disparities in access to and incorporation of new technologies, the description of local outcomes contributes substantially to understanding the real-world applicability of TAVI in bicuspid anatomy.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Temporal Trends and In-hospital Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Bicuspid Aortic Valves in Brazil: A Propensity-Matched Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
