<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">GZgbYBW6dpd6Pxz4dB5p3KR</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000600606</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00606</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250750</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tend&#234;ncias Temporais e Desfechos Intra-Hospitalares do Implante de Biopr&#243;tese A&#243;rtica Transcateter em Valvas A&#243;rticas Bic&#250;spides no Brasil: Uma An&#225;lise Pareada por Escore de Propens&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2066-0287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Calomeni</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o</role>
          <role>desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise</role>
          <role>interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1267-0020</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bernardi</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6260-9626</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brito</surname>
            <given-names>F&#225;bio Sandoli de</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-3755-3687</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Abizaid</surname>
            <given-names>Marcella Sousa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-2047-5476</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6782-750X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feres</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4903-5274</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Dimytri Alexandre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9674-8528</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sarmento-Leite</surname>
            <given-names>Rog&#233;rio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8212-1732</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mangione</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mangione</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Armando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Thiago</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Koenig S&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Valter Correia de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Adriano Dias Dourado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marino</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cardoso</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Jos&#233; Francisco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7895-8281</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Caramori</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Ricardo Avancini</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tumelero</surname>
            <given-names>Rog&#233;rio Tadeu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Portela</surname>
            <given-names>Antenor Lages Fortes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prudente</surname>
            <given-names>Maur&#237;cio Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>14</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Henriques</surname>
            <given-names>Le&#244;nidas Alvarenga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1137-7527</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>F&#225;bio Solano de Freitas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4762-0579</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bezerra</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano Guedes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida Prado</surname>
            <given-names>Guy Fernandes de</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro Zacarias Figueiredo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
            <sup>18</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nogueira</surname>
            <given-names>Ederlon Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7964-4279</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Meireles</surname>
            <given-names>George C&#233;sar Ximenes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
            <sup>20</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pope</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Bastos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2434-2561</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gu&#233;rios</surname>
            <given-names>&#202;nio Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">
            <sup>22</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3511-7375</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Beraldo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">
            <sup>23</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4788-7713</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano de Moura</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">
            <sup>24</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Augusto Celso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">
            <sup>25</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1152-8946</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Esteves</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius Borges Cardozo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">
            <sup>26</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5427-7596</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zukowski</surname>
            <given-names>Cleverson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">
            <sup>26</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abizaid</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o</role>
          <role>desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise</role>
          <role>interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Cardiologia de Porto Alegre</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>6</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">SOS Cardio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">SOS Cardio, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>7</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>8</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Izabel</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>9</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Madre Tereza</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Madre Tereza, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>10</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Naval Marc&#237;lio Dias</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Naval Marc&#237;lio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff11">
          <label>11</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da PUCRS</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff12">
          <label>12</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Associa&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar Beneficente S&#227;o Vicente de Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Passo Fundo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Associa&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar Beneficente S&#227;o Vicente de Paulo, Passo Fundo, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff13">
          <label>13</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Associa&#231;&#227;o Piauiense de Combate ao C&#226;ncer</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Teresina</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PI</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Associa&#231;&#227;o Piauiense de Combate ao C&#226;ncer, Teresina, PI &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff14">
          <label>14</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Encore</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aparecida de Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Encore, Aparecida de Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff15">
          <label>15</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Albert Sabin</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Juiz de Fora</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Albert Sabin, Juiz de Fora, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff16">
          <label>16</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital C&#225;rdio-Pulmonar</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital C&#225;rdio-Pulmonar, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff17">
          <label>17</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Alian&#231;a Rede D&#8217;Or</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Alian&#231;a Rede D&#8217;Or, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff18">
          <label>18</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff19">
          <label>19</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Londrina</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina, Londrina, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff20">
          <label>20</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Servidor P&#250;blico do Estado IAMSPE</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Servidor P&#250;blico do Estado IAMSPE, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff21">
          <label>21</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Hans Dieter Schmidt</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Joinville</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Hans Dieter Schmidt, Joinville, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff22">
          <label>22</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Nossa Senhora do Pilar</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Nossa Senhora do Pilar, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff23">
          <label>23</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Mar&#237;lia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Mar&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Mar&#237;lia, Mar&#237;lia, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff24">
          <label>24</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa L&#250;cia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa L&#250;cia, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff25">
          <label>25</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Regional Unimed</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional Unimed, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff26">
          <label>26</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Rede D&#8217;Or S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Rede D&#8217;Or S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label> Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>henrique.ribeiro@hc.fm.usp.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potencial Conflito de Interesse</label>
          <p>HBR atuou como <italic>proctor</italic> para a Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic e Boston Scientific. HBR e FSBJ receberam aux&#237;lios &#224; pesquisa da Medtronic. FSBJ atuou como <italic>proctor</italic> para a Edwards Lifesciences e a Medtronic. PAL, RSL e JAM atuaram como <italic>proctors</italic> para a Medtronic. PRAC atuou como <italic>proctor</italic> para a Medtronic e a Meril Life Sciences. AA recebeu aux&#237;lios &#224; pesquisa da Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic e Boston Scientific.</p>
          <p>HBR &#233; editor associado dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250750</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>RESUMO</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide (VAB) &#233; um fator de risco importante para estenose a&#243;rtica. No entanto, os desfechos do implante de biopr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica transcateter (TAVI) permanecem pouco claros, j&#225; que a maioria dos ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados excluiu esses pacientes. Al&#233;m disso, grande parte das evid&#234;ncias publicadas sobre o TAVI em VAB adv&#233;m de pa&#237;ses de alta renda, o que pode n&#227;o refletir a realidade de pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Avaliar tend&#234;ncias temporais, caracter&#237;sticas do procedimento e desfechos intra-hospitalares entre pacientes com VAB e valva a&#243;rtica tric&#250;spide (VAT).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo observacional retrospectivo baseado em um registro multic&#234;ntrico brasileiro de pacientes submetidos ao TAVI entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2021. Realizamos pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o para ajustar as compara&#231;&#245;es. Um valor de p&lt;0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo para todas as an&#225;lises.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Entre 2426 pacientes de 25 centros, 111 tinham VAB. Os procedimentos de TAVI aumentaram ao longo do tempo em ambos os grupos. Ap&#243;s o pareamento na propor&#231;&#227;o de um para tr&#234;s, foram inclu&#237;dos 90 pacientes com VAB e 243 com VAT. N&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as significativas nas taxas de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares maiores (4% vs. 5%; p=0,99), sangramento maior ou com risco de vida (10% vs. 6%; p=0,34), acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) (2% vs. 0,4%; p=0,37) ou mortalidade intra-hospitalar (7% vs. 3%; p=0,21). Ao longo do tempo, houve redu&#231;&#227;o significativa na mortalidade intra-hospitalar (p&lt;0,01) e nas principais complica&#231;&#245;es do procedimento (p&lt;0,01 para eventos vasculares, sangramento e AVC), independentemente do tipo de valva.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Durante o per&#237;odo do estudo, os procedimentos anuais de TAVI aumentaram tanto em pacientes com VAB quanto com VAT, embora a preval&#234;ncia de VAB tenha permanecido relativamente baixa. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas nos desfechos do procedimento ou cl&#237;nicos entre os grupos pareados por escore de propens&#227;o, com redu&#231;&#227;o das complica&#231;&#245;es do procedimento e da mortalidade para ambos os tipos de valva ao longo do tempo.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Substitui&#231;&#227;o da Valva A&#243;rtica Transcateter</kwd>
        <kwd>Implante de Pr&#243;tese de Valva Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Valva A&#243;rtica Bic&#250;spide</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo</funding-source>
          <award-id>2023/03026-2</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Fontes de Financiamento</bold> Pedro Calomeni recebeu financiamento da Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo (2023/03026-2) para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo, mas a organiza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o esteve envolvida no planejamento do estudo, na coleta de dados, na an&#225;lise ou na reda&#231;&#227;o deste manuscrito.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="23"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <fig id="f1">
      <p>VAB: valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide; VAT: valva a&#243;rtica tric&#250;spide; PEP: pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral.</p>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-06-e20250750-50750-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>O implante de biopr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica transcateter (TAVI, do ingl&#234;s <italic>transcatheter aortic valve implantation</italic>) &#233; um tratamento bem estabelecido para o manejo da estenose a&#243;rtica grave em todo o espectro de risco cir&#250;rgico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide (VAB) corresponde a uma propor&#231;&#227;o significativa dos pacientes com estenose a&#243;rtica (EA) submetidos a tratamento valvar. Uma an&#225;lise de 200 849 adultos que passaram por substitui&#231;&#227;o valvar a&#243;rtica cir&#250;rgica por EA grave entre 2011 e 2022, no banco de dados de cirurgia card&#237;aca da <italic>Society of Thoracic Surgeons</italic> (STS), demonstrou que a preval&#234;ncia de VAB foi de 27%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Em contraste, o banco de dados STS TAVI relatou uma preval&#234;ncia de VAB de aproximadamente 3%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Apesar de sua relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica, as evid&#234;ncias sobre os desfechos do TAVI em pacientes com VAB permanecem limitadas, uma vez que a maioria dos ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados excluiu essa popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, a maior parte dos dados publicados sobre o TAVI em pacientes com VAB origina-se de estudos observacionais conduzidos em pa&#237;ses de alta renda, o que pode n&#227;o refletir adequadamente a realidade de pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento. H&#225; ainda heterogeneidade adicional decorrente de diferen&#231;as nas caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes, nos dispositivos dispon&#237;veis, da expertise dos centros e da gera&#231;&#227;o das biopr&#243;teses a&#243;rticas transcateter (THVs, do ingl&#234;s transcatheter heart valves) especialmente relevante considerando que as THV de nova gera&#231;&#227;o demonstraram melhor desempenho valvar e maior sucesso do procedimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Portanto, os objetivos deste estudo foram: I) avaliar as tend&#234;ncias temporais dos procedimentos de TAVI em pacientes com VAB versus valva a&#243;rtica tric&#250;spide (VAT) com EA grave submetidos ao TAVI no Brasil; e II) comparar os desfechos do procedimento e intra-hospitalares entre os grupos VAB e VAT.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Amostra e protocolo do estudo</title>
        <p>Este &#233; um estudo observacional retrospectivo baseado em um registro cl&#237;nico multic&#234;ntrico brasileiro, avaliando vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e de imagem relacionadas ao TAVI entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2021. Todos os centros no Brasil que realizam TAVI rotineiramente foram contatados e convidados a participar do Registro Brasileiro para Avalia&#231;&#227;o dos Resultados do Implante de Biopr&#243;tese A&#243;rtica por Cateter (RIBAC-NT), coordenado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Hemodin&#226;mica e Cardiologia Intervencionista (SBHCI). Os &#250;nicos crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o para este estudo foram: procedimentos de valve-in-valve e a aus&#234;ncia de informa&#231;&#227;o sobre a morfologia valvar.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Coleta de dados</title>
        <p>As seguintes informa&#231;&#245;es foram coletadas para cada paciente: (I) caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais e exames complementares; (II) dados do planejamento do TAVI; (III) t&#233;cnicas e materiais utilizados no procedimento; (IV) complica&#231;&#245;es do procedimento; (V) dados relacionados ao cuidado intra-hospitalar ap&#243;s o TAVI.</p>
        <p>Os desfechos cl&#237;nicos foram avaliados de acordo com os crit&#233;rios VARC-2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> As THVs foram classificadas por tipo de dispositivo e gera&#231;&#227;o da seguinte forma: as biopr&#243;teses bal&#227;o-expans&#237;veis de nova gera&#231;&#227;o inclu&#237;ram Sapien 3 e Sapien 3 Ultra (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, EUA) e Myval (Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, &#205;ndia). As biopr&#243;teses bal&#227;o-expans&#237;veis de gera&#231;&#227;o anterior inclu&#237;ram a Sapien XT (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, EUA) e Inovare (Braile Biom&#233;dica, S&#227;o Jos&#233; do Rio Preto, Brasil). As biopr&#243;teses autoexpans&#237;veis de nova gera&#231;&#227;o inclu&#237;ram Evolut R e Evolut PRO (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, EUA), Acurate neo e neo 2 (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA, EUA) e Portico (Abbott, Santa Clara, CA, EUA). As biopr&#243;teses autoexpans&#237;veis de gera&#231;&#227;o anterior foram representadas exclusivamente pela CoreValve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, EUA). A Lotus Valve (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA, EUA) foi classificada como uma THV expans&#237;vel mecanicamente.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos do estudo</title>
        <p>Os desfechos de interesse foram: I) o n&#250;mero anual de procedimentos de TAVI realizados em pacientes com VAB e VAT; II) a propor&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos realizados em centros de alto volume (volume total ?120 casos);<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> III) desfechos do procedimento, incluindo implante de marca-passo permanente (IMP), ruptura do anel e oclus&#227;o coronariana; IV) desfechos intra-hospitalares para pacientes com VAB vs. VAT, particularmente as taxas de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares maiores, sangramento maior ou com risco de vida, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), mortalidade intra-hospitalar e seguran&#231;a precoce intra-hospitalar.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas s&#227;o apresentadas como frequ&#234;ncias absolutas (n) e relativas (%). As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o expressas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o ou mediana [intervalo interquartil], conforme apropriado. A normalidade foi avaliada pelo teste de Anderson&#8211;Darling. As compara&#231;&#245;es das vari&#225;veis basais entre os grupos foram realizadas utilizando o teste t de Welch ou o teste de Mann-Whitney para vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas, conforme apropriado, e o teste do qui-quadrado para vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas.</p>
        <p>A propor&#231;&#227;o anual de casos de VAB em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; VAT foi calculada, e uma curva de regress&#227;o polinomial local foi ajustada para modelar e visualizar as tend&#234;ncias temporais. Para ajustar diferen&#231;as intergrupos entre VAB e VAT, as an&#225;lises foram restritas aos pacientes tratados a partir de 2017, incluindo assim apenas anos com representa&#231;&#227;o significativa de casos VAB (n ? 10). Dentro dessa coorte restrita, realizou-se posteriormente o pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o utilizando uma raz&#227;o de 1:3 com algoritmo <italic>greedy nearest-neighbor</italic>. A lista de vari&#225;veis utilizadas no pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o encontra-se na <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="suppl1">Tabela Suplementar 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>As diferen&#231;as das m&#233;dias padronizadas (SMD) foram utilizadas para avaliar o balanceamento entre todas as vari&#225;veis, enquanto as raz&#245;es de vari&#226;ncia (RV) foram calculadas apenas para vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas. Considerou-se adequado o balanceamento quando as diferen&#231;as das m&#233;dias padronizadas fossem &lt; 0,1 e RV entre 0,5 e 2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica com o tempo modelado como vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua, utilizando <italic>restricted cubic splines</italic> com tr&#234;s n&#243;s, foram ajustados para avaliar o efeito do tempo sobre as complica&#231;&#245;es do procedimento.</p>
        <p>Todos os valores de p foram bicaudais, e p&lt;0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. As an&#225;lises foram realizadas utilizando o software R, vers&#227;o 4.5.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Viena, &#193;ustria).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Tend&#234;ncias temporais e distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica</title>
        <p>A Figura Central resume o fluxograma da amostra do estudo para a compara&#231;&#227;o entre VAB e VAT. Um total de 3194 pacientes foi inclu&#237;do no registro RIBAC-NT, dos quais 631 n&#227;o apresentavam informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a morfologia valvar e 137 foram submetidos a procedimentos <italic>valve-in-valve</italic> ou <italic>TAVI-in-TAV</italic>I. Assim, a coorte final do estudo foi composta por 2426 pacientes provenientes de 25 centros.</p>
        <p>Houve 10 centros de alto volume, sendo sete localizados na regi&#227;o sudeste, dois na regi&#227;o sul e um na regi&#227;o nordeste, representando conjuntamente 72% da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo.</p>
        <p>O n&#250;mero anual de procedimentos de TAVI realizados no Brasil, estratificado pela morfologia valvar, &#233; apresentado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>. Ao longo do per&#237;odo do estudo, observou-se um aumento significativo no volume anual de procedimentos de TAVI tanto para pacientes com VAB quanto com VAT. A propor&#231;&#227;o de procedimentos VAB em rela&#231;&#227;o aos VAT tamb&#233;m aumentou ao longo do tempo. A maioria dos procedimentos concentrou-se nas regi&#245;es Sudeste e Sul.</p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Tend&#234;ncia temporal de pacientes com valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide (VAB) e valva a&#243;rtica tric&#250;spide (VAT) submetidos ao implante de biopr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica transcateter (TAVI) no Brasil de 2009 a 2021; a linha preta representa a regress&#227;o polinomial local para a propor&#231;&#227;o VAB/VAT.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-06-e20250750-50750-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas da amostra</title>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e ecocardiogr&#225;ficas basais da popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo antes e depois do pareamento s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>. Antes do pareamento, os pacientes com VAB eram mais jovens do que aqueles com VAT, apresentavam menor classe funcional NYHA III/IV e tinham menor carga de comorbidades coronarianas, como doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via e interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea. O grupo VAB tamb&#233;m apresentou menor EuroSCORE II.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e ecocardiogr&#225;ficas basais de pacientes com valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide versus valva a&#243;rtica tric&#250;spide submetidos ao TAVI no Brasil, antes e depois do pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="14%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">N&#227;o pareado</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Pareado</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Bic&#250;spide (n=111)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Tric&#250;spide (n=2315)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor p</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Bic&#250;spide (n=90)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Tric&#250;spide (n=243)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Idade, anos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">79,0 [71,0 &#8211; 84,1]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">82,0 [78,0 &#8211; 86,0]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">78,0 [72,0 &#8211; 84,0]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">80,0 [74,5 &#8211; 84,0]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,31</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Sexo feminino</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">51 (45,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1166 (50,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,42</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">38 (42,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">106 (43,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,92</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>IMC, kg/m<sup>2</sup></bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26,0 &#177; 5,1</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26,5 &#177; 4,7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,36</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26,6 &#177; 5,1</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26,3 &#177; 4,2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,58</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Hipertens&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">86 (77,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1868 (80,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,48</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">71 (78,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">190 (78,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Diabetes mellitus</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">38 (34,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">816 (35,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,91</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">34 (37,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">93 (38,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>NYHA III/IV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">70 (63,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1680 (72,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,04</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">57 (63,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">147 (60,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,73</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (7,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">288 (12,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,27</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">14 (5,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,86</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>DAC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">44 (39,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1227 (53,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">38 (42,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">112 (46,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,61</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>IM pr&#233;vio</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (4,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">312 (13,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (4,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">18 (7,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,47</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>ICP pr&#233;via</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">21 (18,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">662 (28,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,04</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">18 (20,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">61 (25,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,41</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>CRM pr&#233;via</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12 (10,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">343 (14,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,30</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12 (13,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">31 (12,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>DPOC</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">16 (14,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">410 (17,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,44</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13 (14,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">34 (14,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Creatinina, mg/dl</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1,1 &#177; 0,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1,3 &#177; 0,9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,03</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1,1 &#177; 0,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1,1 &#177; 0,6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,82</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Hemoglobina, g/dl</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11,3 &#177; 2,2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10,8 &#177; 2,1</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,04</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11,2 &#177; 2,2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11,1 &#177; 2,0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,63</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>EuroSCORE II, %</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3,0 [1,6 &#8211; 6,0]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4,8 [2,7 &#8211; 8,5]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2,7 [1,5 &#8211; 5,9]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3,4 [2,0 &#8211; 6,3]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,15</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Centro de alto volume*</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">63 (56,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1695 (73,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">47 (52,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">129 (53,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Regi&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,98</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Centro-Oeste</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">14 (12,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">65 (2,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11 (12,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26 (10,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Nordeste</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">14 (12,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">181 (7,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12 (13,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">35 (14,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Sul</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">19 (17,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">747 (32,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">18 (20,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">50 (20,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Sudeste</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">64 (57,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1322 (57,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">49 (54,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">132 (54,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>FEVE, %</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">62,0 [51,0 &#8211; 68,0]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">63,0 [52,0 &#8211; 68,0]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,55</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">62,0 [50,2 &#8211; 68,0]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">61,0 [50,0 &#8211; 66,0]</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,75</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Gradiente a&#243;rtico m&#233;dio, mmHg</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">45,5 &#177; 19,0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">45,6 &#177; 17,7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,94</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">43,3 &#177; 18,4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">42,8 &#177; 18,2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,83</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>AVA, cm<sup>2</sup></bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,7 &#177; 0,2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,7 &#177; 0,3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,73</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,7 &#177; 0,2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,8 &#177; 0,3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,11</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>PSAP</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">41,0 &#177; 13,1</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">41,9 &#177; 13,3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,57</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">39,7 &#177; 13,3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">39,5 &#177; 12,4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,90</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas s&#227;o apresentadas como n (%). Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o expressas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o ou mediana [intervalo interquartil], conforme apropriado; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; NYHA: New York Heart Association; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; IM: infarto do mioc&#225;rdio; ICP: interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea; CRM: cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio; DPOC: doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; PSAP: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar; centros de alto volume foram definidos como aqueles com volume total de procedimentos ? 120 pacientes.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>Ap&#243;s o pareamento na propor&#231;&#227;o de um para tr&#234;s, realizado na coorte restrita (2017&#8211;2021), n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as basais significativas entre os grupos. A avalia&#231;&#227;o completa do balanceamento ap&#243;s o pareamento est&#225; dispon&#237;vel na <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="suppl1">Tabela Suplementar 1</xref>.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos do procedimento</title>
        <p>Os desfechos do procedimento para as coortes n&#227;o pareada e pareada s&#227;o apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>. Na coorte pareada, as biopr&#243;teses bal&#227;o-expans&#237;veis foram preferencialmente selecionadas tanto para pacientes com VAB quanto com VAT. Em ambos os grupos, as THVs de 26 mm foram as mais utilizadas, seguidas pelas THVs de 29 mm. A valvuloplastia com bal&#227;o pr&#233;-implante foi realizada com frequ&#234;ncia significativamente maior no grupo VAB, enquanto n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as significativas nas taxas de dilata&#231;&#227;o com bal&#227;o p&#243;s-implante ou nos gradientes a&#243;rticos m&#233;dios p&#243;s-procedimento. Da mesma forma, as taxas de IMP foram semelhantes entre os grupos. A oclus&#227;o coronariana foi rara, com apenas um evento registrado em cada grupo, e nenhuma ruptura do anel foi observada na coorte pareada.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Caracter&#237;sticas dos procedimentos e desfechos intra-hospitalares de pacientes com valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide versus tric&#250;spide submetidos ao TAVI no Brasil, antes e depois do pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="16%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">N&#227;o pareado</th>
                <th align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Pareado</th>
                <th align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Bic&#250;spide (n=111)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Tric&#250;spide (n=2315)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor p</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Bic&#250;spide (n=90)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Tric&#250;spide (n=243)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Acesso femoral</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">110 (99,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2200 (95,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,82</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">90 (100,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">235 (96,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,55</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Biopr&#243;tese bal&#227;o-expans&#237;vel</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">60 (54,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1052 (45,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,03</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">46 (51,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">133 (54,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,40</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Pr&#243;tese de nova gera&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">96 (86,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1304 (56,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">87 (96,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">234 (96,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>THV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,87</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Acurate neo/neo2<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (7,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">121 (5,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (8,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">21 (8,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">CoreValve<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">566 (24,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Evolut R/Pro<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">33 (29,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">532 (23,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">32 (35,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">78 (32,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Inovare<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">&#8225;</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">35 (1,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Lotus<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN4">&#8224;</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (3,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">52 (2,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Myval<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">&#8225;</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (1,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Portico<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (1,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">15 (0,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (2,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Sapien XT<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">&#8225;</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (7,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">352 (15,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (2,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Sapien 3/Ultra<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">&#8225;</xref> </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">51 (45,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">604 (26,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">43 (47,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">121 (49,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Tamanho da THV</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,02</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,18</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">20</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (3,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">40 (1,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (4,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11 (4,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">21,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (0,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">23</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">22 (19,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">462 (20,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">19 (21,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">53 (21,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">24</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (0,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">24,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (0,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">25</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">81 (3,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">14 (5,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">26</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">43 (38,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">816 (35,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">32 (35,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">76 (31,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">27</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (6,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">47 (2,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (7,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (2,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">27,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (0,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">28</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">29</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">25 (22,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">647 (27,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">20 (22,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">63 (25,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">30</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (0,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">30,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (0,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">31</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">103 (4,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">34</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (5,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">62 (2,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12 (4,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Tamanho m&#233;dio da THV, mm</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26,3 &#177; 2,9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26,6 &#177; 2,8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,34</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">26,4 &#177; 3,1</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">25,8 &#177; 4,5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,30</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Predilata&#231;&#227;o com bal&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">66 (59,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">915 (39,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0,01</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">48 (53,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">93 (38,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,02</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>P&#243;s-dilata&#231;&#227;o com bal&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">34 (30,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">677 (29,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,88</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">28 (31,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">65 (26,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,52</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Gradiente a&#243;rtico m&#233;dio p&#243;s-procedimento, mmHg</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10,9 &#177; 6,7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9,9 &#177; 5,9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,14</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7,5 &#177; 6,9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6,6 &#177; 6,6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,28</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Ruptura do anel</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#167;</xref>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Oclus&#227;o de art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11 (0,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Emboliza&#231;&#227;o da valva</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">44 (1,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,80</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (3,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (0,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Convers&#227;o para cirurgia aberta</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (3,6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">49 (2,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,48</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (3,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3 (1,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,42</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>IMP</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">8 (7,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">261 (11,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,24</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">27 (11,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,32</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Acidente vascular cerebral</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (1,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">55 (2,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,94</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2 (2,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,37</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Complica&#231;&#227;o vascular maior</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5 (4,5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">164 (7,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,39</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4 (4,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12 (4,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Sangramento maior ou com risco de vida</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12 (10,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">218 (9,4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,75</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">15 (6,2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,34</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>&#211;bito intra-hospitalar</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (6,3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">156 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6 (6,7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7 (2,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,21</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>Seguran&#231;a precoce intra-hospitalar</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">101 (90,9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">1971 (85,1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,12</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">81 (90,0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">223 (91,8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">0,77</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>Vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas s&#227;o apresentadas como n (%). Vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas s&#227;o expressas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o ou mediana [intervalo interquartil], conforme apropriado; IMP: implante de marca-passo permanente; THV: valva card&#237;aca transcateter</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <label>&#8225;</label>
              <p>THV expans&#237;vel por bal&#227;o</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>THV mecanicamente expans&#237;vel;</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>THV autoexpans&#237;vel</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <label>&#167;</label>
              <p>O valor de p n&#227;o p&#244;de ser calculado devido &#224; aus&#234;ncia de eventos em ambos os grupos.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos intra-hospitalares na coorte pareada</title>
        <p>Os desfechos intra-hospitalares para as coortes n&#227;o pareada e pareada s&#227;o apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as relevantes nas complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares maiores entre os grupos VAB e VAT. Da mesma forma, n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas no desfecho composto de sangramento maior ou com risco de vida, nem nas taxas de AVC. Por fim, a mortalidade intra-hospitalar e os desfechos de seguran&#231;a precoce n&#227;o diferiram entre os grupos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Tend&#234;ncias temporais dos desfechos intra-hospitalares</title>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 2</xref> compara os principais desfechos entre os pacientes inclu&#237;dos nos primeiros oito anos (2009&#8211;2016) do registro RIBAC-NT e aqueles dos cinco anos subsequentes (2017&#8211;2021). Ao longo do tempo, na coorte geral, todas as complica&#231;&#245;es do procedimento diminu&#237;ram significativamente.</p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Tend&#234;ncias temporais dos desfechos intra-hospitalares de pacientes submetidos ao implante de biopr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica transcateter (TAVI) no Brasil; o painel A mostra as taxas de complica&#231;&#245;es nos primeiros oito anos (2009&#8211;2016) do registro RIBAC-NT, enquanto o painel B apresenta as taxas dos &#250;ltimos cinco anos (2017&#8211;2021). VAB: valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide; VAT: valva a&#243;rtica tric&#250;spide.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-06-e20250750-50750-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os principais achados desta an&#225;lise do registro RIBAC-NT foram: I) durante o per&#237;odo do estudo, houve um aumento significativo no n&#250;mero anual de procedimentos de TAVI realizados tanto em pacientes com VAB quanto com VAT, bem como na raz&#227;o de volume VAB/VAT; II) as taxas de complica&#231;&#245;es do TAVI diminu&#237;ram ao longo do tempo; III) as complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares maiores, o desfecho composto de sangramento maior ou com risco de vida, AVC e mortalidade intra-hospitalar n&#227;o diferiram entre pacientes com VAB e VAT, tanto na coorte geral quanto ap&#243;s o pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Apesar do uso crescente do TAVI entre pacientes com EA, poucos estudos avaliaram especificamente sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o em indiv&#237;duos com VAB. O estudo NOTION-2 foi o &#250;nico ensaio randomizado que n&#227;o excluiu pacientes com VAB, e eles representaram apenas 27% da popula&#231;&#227;o inclu&#237;da.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Portanto, os registros atualmente constituem a melhor evid&#234;ncia dispon&#237;vel. Historicamente, pacientes com VAB foram exclu&#237;dos de ensaios randomizados devido a caracter&#237;sticas anat&#244;micas que podem aumentar o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es do procedimento ou falha do dispositivo. Essas caracter&#237;sticas incluem an&#233;is a&#243;rticos maiores, geometria supra-anular el&#237;ptica e calcifica&#231;&#227;o assim&#233;trica extensa &#8211; frequentemente com rafe calcificada &#8211; que pode dificultar a expans&#227;o ideal da THV e aumentar as complica&#231;&#245;es periprocedimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, pacientes com VAB tendem a ser mais jovens e apresentar menos comorbidades, o que &#233; particularmente relevante diante da incerteza sobre a durabilidade em longo prazo das THVs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Esses desafios t&#233;cnicos, combinados com a escassez de evid&#234;ncias provenientes de ensaios randomizados, provavelmente contribu&#237;ram para a ado&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica mais lenta do TAVI em VAB em compara&#231;&#227;o com VAT, tanto internacionalmente quanto &#8211; de forma consistente com nossa an&#225;lise de tend&#234;ncias temporais &#8211; no Brasil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A maior parte das evid&#234;ncias sobre o TAVI em VAB prov&#233;m de pa&#237;ses de alta renda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> No entanto, o contexto brasileiro apresenta desafios espec&#237;ficos, incluindo disparidades substanciais no acesso, diagn&#243;stico tardio e grande variabilidade na experi&#234;ncia dos operadores e centros. Esses fatores influenciam o planejamento do procedimento e seus desfechos, ressaltando a import&#226;ncia de dados reais gerados localmente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Ainda assim, nossa an&#225;lise de tend&#234;ncias temporais e a compara&#231;&#227;o direta entre os resultados de VAT e VAB sustentam a seguran&#231;a e a efic&#225;cia da expans&#227;o do TAVI para pacientes selecionados com VAB no Brasil. Assim, o presente estudo pode auxiliar na tomada de decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica em sistemas de sa&#250;de com recursos igualmente limitados.</p>
      <p>Uma meta-an&#225;lise pr&#233;via sugeriu que pacientes com VAB apresentavam maior risco de AVC, apesar de caracter&#237;sticas basais semelhantes entre as coortes avaliadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Esse achado foi atribu&#237;do &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas anat&#244;micas &#250;nicas da VAB, particularmente &#224; presen&#231;a frequente de calcifica&#231;&#227;o intensa. No entanto, em nosso registro, pacientes com VAB e VAT apresentaram taxas de AVC compar&#225;veis. Isso pode refletir o fato de que a maioria dos procedimentos em nossa coorte foi realizada entre 2017 e 2021, predominantemente com THVs de nova gera&#231;&#227;o. Em contraste, a meta-an&#225;lise incluiu procedimentos realizados entre 2006 e 2019, com apenas cerca de metade dos pacientes tratados com dispositivos de nova gera&#231;&#227;o. Nossos achados est&#227;o alinhados com an&#225;lises anteriores restritas a THVs de nova gera&#231;&#227;o, que n&#227;o demonstraram diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas nas taxas de AVC, bem como com uma an&#225;lise agrupada que incluiu mais de 30.000 pacientes com VAB.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Outra poss&#237;vel explica&#231;&#227;o para nossos resultados &#233; o vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o. Dada a experi&#234;ncia relativamente limitada dos operadores brasileiros, apenas pacientes com anatomias altamente favor&#225;veis e distribui&#231;&#227;o de c&#225;lcio adequada podem ter sido selecionados para o TAVI. Por fim, nossos achados de taxas compar&#225;veis de complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares maiores, do composto de sangramento maior ou com risco de vida e de mortalidade intra-hospitalar refor&#231;am ainda mais a literatura existente e sustentam o consenso crescente de que o TAVI pode ser realizado com seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia em pacientes selecionados com VAB, utilizando t&#233;cnicas e tecnologias contempor&#226;neas.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>Este estudo apresenta limita&#231;&#245;es inerentes &#224;s diferentes fases de ado&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica entre os grupos, apesar do uso do pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o. Como o TAVI foi inicialmente realizado predominantemente em pacientes com VAT, an&#225;lises que incluem todo o per&#237;odo do estudo inevitavelmente comparam procedimentos realizados com dispositivos e t&#233;cnicas de gera&#231;&#245;es anteriores com aqueles realizados posteriormente, utilizando tecnologia mais avan&#231;ada. Por outro lado, restringir a an&#225;lise a anos mais contempor&#226;neos introduz outro desequil&#237;brio, pois os operadores j&#225; haviam acumulado experi&#234;ncia substancial com VAT enquanto ainda estavam na curva de aprendizado para VAB.</p>
        <p>Al&#233;m disso, o uso do pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o como estrat&#233;gia de ajuste reduz inerentemente o tamanho efetivo da amostra e, consequentemente, o poder estat&#237;stico das an&#225;lises. Tamb&#233;m n&#227;o disp&#250;nhamos de granularidade suficiente para distinguir entre diferentes fen&#243;tipos de VAB, nem foi poss&#237;vel avaliar o volume e a distribui&#231;&#227;o do c&#225;lcio. Dados ecocardiogr&#225;ficos p&#243;s-procedimento abrangentes n&#227;o estavam dispon&#237;veis, o que impediu uma avalia&#231;&#227;o detalhada do desempenho valvar p&#243;s-TAVI e de desfechos como <italic>mismatch</italic> pr&#243;tese&#8211;paciente.</p>
        <p>Por fim, como a maior parte dos dados se originou de centros de maior volume na regi&#227;o Sudeste, esses achados podem n&#227;o ser generaliz&#225;veis para centros de volume muito baixo.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Durante o per&#237;odo do estudo, o n&#250;mero anual de procedimentos de TAVI aumentou significativamente tanto em pacientes com VAB quanto com VAT, embora a preval&#234;ncia de VAB tenha permanecido relativamente baixa. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas nos desfechos do procedimento ou cl&#237;nicos entre os grupos pareados por escore de propens&#227;o, e tanto pacientes com VAB quanto com VAT apresentaram redu&#231;&#245;es nas complica&#231;&#245;es do procedimento e na mortalidade ao longo do tempo.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de Financiamento</label>
        <p>Pedro Calomeni recebeu financiamento da Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo (2023/03026-2) para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo, mas a organiza&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o esteve envolvida no planejamento do estudo, na coleta de dados, na an&#225;lise ou na reda&#231;&#227;o deste manuscrito.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o Acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de inicia&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica de Pedro Calomeni pelo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</label>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital Leforte sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CAAE 36697620.01001.5485. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
        <label>Uso de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</label>
        <p>Os autores n&#227;o utilizaram ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-available-upon-request">
      <title>Disponibilidade de Dados</title>
      <p>Os dados utilizados neste estudo s&#227;o mantidos pela SBHCI e foram disponibilizados aos autores mediante acordo de uso de dados para a realiza&#231;&#227;o desta pesquisa. Por esse motivo, os dados n&#227;o est&#227;o publicamente dispon&#237;veis. No entanto, poder&#227;o ser disponibilizados mediante solicita&#231;&#227;o razo&#225;vel e com a autoriza&#231;&#227;o da SBHCI.</p>
    </sec>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Gostar&#237;amos de expressar nossa gratid&#227;o a Sandra Baradel, da SBHCI, por sua assist&#234;ncia na coordena&#231;&#227;o dos centros participantes para a constru&#231;&#227;o do banco de dados.</p>
    </ack>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Leon</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Smith</surname>
              <given-names>CR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mack</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Miller</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moses</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Svensson</surname>
              <given-names>LG</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation for Aortic Stenosis in Patients who Cannot Undergo Surgery</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>363</volume>
          <issue>17</issue>
          <fpage>1597</fpage>
          <lpage>607</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1008232</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 Leon MB, Smith CR, Mack M, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG, et al. Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation for Aortic Stenosis in Patients who Cannot Undergo Surgery. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(17):1597-607. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1008232.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Smith</surname>
              <given-names>CR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leon</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mack</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Miller</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Moses</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Svensson</surname>
              <given-names>LG</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in High-Risk Patients</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>364</volume>
          <issue>23</issue>
          <fpage>2187</fpage>
          <lpage>98</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1103510</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Smith CR, Leon MB, Mack MJ, Miller DC, Moses JW, Svensson LG, et al. Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic-Valve Replacement in High-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(23):2187-98. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1103510.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mack</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leon</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thourani</surname>
              <given-names>VH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Makkar</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kodali</surname>
              <given-names>SK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Russo</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>380</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>1695</fpage>
          <lpage>705</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1814052</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Mack MJ, Leon MB, Thourani VH, Makkar R, Kodali SK, Russo M, et al. Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(18):1695-705. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1814052.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>G&#233;n&#233;reux</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schwartz</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oldemeyer</surname>
              <given-names>JB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pibarot</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cohen</surname>
              <given-names>DJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blanke</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement for Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2025</year>
          <volume>392</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>217</fpage>
          <lpage>27</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa2405880</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 G&#233;n&#233;reux P, Schwartz A, Oldemeyer JB, Pibarot P, Cohen DJ, Blanke P, et al. Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement for Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(3):217-27. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2405880.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mehta</surname>
              <given-names>CK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>TX</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bonnell</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Habib</surname>
              <given-names>RH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kaneko</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Flaherty</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Age-Stratified Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis</article-title>
          <source>Ann Thorac Surg</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>118</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>430</fpage>
          <lpage>8</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.01.013</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Mehta CK, Liu TX, Bonnell L, Habib RH, Kaneko T, Flaherty JD, et al. Age-Stratified Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Aortic Stenosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2024;118(2):430-8. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.01.013.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Halim</surname>
              <given-names>SA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Edwards</surname>
              <given-names>FH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dai</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mack</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Holmes</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: A Report from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>141</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1071</fpage>
          <lpage>9</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040333</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Halim SA, Edwards FH, Dai D, Li Z, Mack MJ, Holmes DR, et al. Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: A Report from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy Registry. Circulation. 2020;141(13):1071-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040333.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nuyens</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Backer</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sathananthan</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>J&#248;rgensen</surname>
              <given-names>TH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Treede</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leipsic</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>TAVR in Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: Current Evidence and Proposal for a Randomized Controlled Trial Design</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>16</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1682</fpage>
          <lpage>7</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcin.2023.04.003</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Nuyens P, De Backer O, Sathananthan J, J&#248;rgensen TH, Treede H, Leipsic JA, et al. TAVR in Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: Current Evidence and Proposal for a Randomized Controlled Trial Design. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2023;16(13):1682-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2023.04.003.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Yoon</surname>
              <given-names>SH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lef&#232;vre</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ahn</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Perlman</surname>
              <given-names>GY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dvir</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Latib</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement with Early- and New-Generation Devices in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>68</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1195</fpage>
          <lpage>205</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.041</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Yoon SH, Lef&#232;vre T, Ahn JM, Perlman GY, Dvir D, Latib A, et al. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement with Early- and New-Generation Devices in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(11):1195-205. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.06.041.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Kappetein</surname>
              <given-names>AP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Head</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>G&#233;n&#233;reux</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Piazza</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van Mieghem</surname>
              <given-names>NM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blackstone</surname>
              <given-names>EH</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Updated Standardized Endpoint Definitions for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: The Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 Consensus Document (VARC-2)</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Cardiothorac Surg</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>42</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>S45</fpage>
          <lpage>60</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ejcts/ezs533</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Kappetein AP, Head SJ, G&#233;n&#233;reux P, Piazza N, van Mieghem NM, Blackstone EH, et al. Updated Standardized Endpoint Definitions for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: The Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 Consensus Document (VARC-2). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;42(5):S45-60. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezs533.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bernardi</surname>
              <given-names>FLM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Abizaid</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brito</surname>
              <given-names>FS</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lemos</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Siqueira</surname>
              <given-names>DAA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Learning Curve for in-Hospital Mortality of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights from the Brazilian National Registry</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20230622</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230622</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Bernardi FLM, Abizaid AA, Brito FS Jr, Lemos PA, Siqueira DAA, Costa RA, et al. Learning Curve for in-Hospital Mortality of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: Insights from the Brazilian National Registry. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2024;121(7):e20230622. doi: 10.36660/abc.20230622.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nguyen</surname>
              <given-names>TL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Collins</surname>
              <given-names>GS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spence</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Daur&#232;s</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Devereaux</surname>
              <given-names>PJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Landais</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Double-Adjustment in Propensity Score Matching Analysis: Choosing a Threshold for Considering Residual Imbalance</article-title>
          <source>BMC Med Res Methodol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>78</fpage>
          <lpage>78</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12874-017-0338-0</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11 Nguyen TL, Collins GS, Spence J, Daur&#232;s JP, Devereaux PJ, Landais P, et al. Double-Adjustment in Propensity Score Matching Analysis: Choosing a Threshold for Considering Residual Imbalance. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17(1):78. doi: 10.1186/s12874-017-0338-0.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kim</surname>
              <given-names>HJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lonjon</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhu</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>written on behalf of AME Big-Data Clinical Trial Collaborative Group. Balance Diagnostics after Propensity Score Matching</article-title>
          <source>Ann Transl Med</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>7</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>16</fpage>
          <lpage>16</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21037/atm.2018.12.10</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12 Zhang Z, Kim HJ, Lonjon G, Zhu Y; written on behalf of AME Big-Data Clinical Trial Collaborative Group. Balance Diagnostics after Propensity Score Matching. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(1):16. doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.12.10.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>J&#248;rgensen</surname>
              <given-names>TH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thyregod</surname>
              <given-names>HGH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Savontaus</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Willemen</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bleie</surname>
              <given-names>&#216;</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tang</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Low-Risk Tricuspid or Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: The NOTION-2 Trial</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>45</volume>
          <issue>37</issue>
          <fpage>3804</fpage>
          <lpage>14</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehae331</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13 J&#248;rgensen TH, Thyregod HGH, Savontaus M, Willemen Y, Bleie &#216;, Tang M, et al. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Low-Risk Tricuspid or Bicuspid Aortic Stenosis: The NOTION-2 Trial. Eur Heart J. 2024;45(37):3804-14. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae331.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Vincent</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ternacle</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Denimal</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shen</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Redfors</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Delhaye</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>143</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1043</fpage>
          <lpage>61</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048048</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>14 Vincent F, Ternacle J, Denimal T, Shen M, Redfors B, Delhaye C, et al. Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis. Circulation. 2021;143(10):1043-61. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048048.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tchetche</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>de Biase</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van Gils</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Parma</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ochala</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lefevre</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Bicuspid Aortic Valve Anatomy and Relationship with Devices: The BAVARD Multicenter Registry</article-title>
          <source>Circ Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <elocation-id>e007107</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.118.007107</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>15 Tchetche D, de Biase C, van Gils L, Parma R, Ochala A, Lefevre T, et al. Bicuspid Aortic Valve Anatomy and Relationship with Devices: The BAVARD Multicenter Registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(1):e007107. doi: 10.1161/CIRCINTERVENTIONS.118.007107.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Elbadawi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Saad</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Elgendy</surname>
              <given-names>IY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barssoum</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Omer</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Soliman</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>1811</fpage>
          <lpage>22</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcin.2019.06.037</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>16 Elbadawi A, Saad M, Elgendy IY, Barssoum K, Omer MA, Soliman A, et al. Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Transcatheter versus Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(18):1811-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2019.06.037.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Carroll</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mack</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vemulapalli</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Herrmann</surname>
              <given-names>HC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gleason</surname>
              <given-names>TG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hanzel</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>STS-ACC TVT Registry of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>76</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <fpage>2492</fpage>
          <lpage>516</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.595</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>17 Carroll JD, Mack MJ, Vemulapalli S, Herrmann HC, Gleason TG, Hanzel G, et al. STS-ACC TVT Registry of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(21):2492-516. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.595.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ravani</surname>
              <given-names>LV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>HB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Calomeni</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brito</surname>
              <given-names>FS</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bernardi</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lemos</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical Impact of Sex Differences and Procedural Setting in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation</article-title>
          <source>Cardiovasc Revasc Med</source>
          <year>2025</year>
          <volume>77</volume>
          <fpage>89</fpage>
          <lpage>96</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.carrev.2024.09.014</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>18 Ravani LV, Ribeiro HB, Calomeni P, Brito FS Jr, Bernardi F, Lemos P, et al. Clinical Impact of Sex Differences and Procedural Setting in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2025;77:89-96. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2024.09.014.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Montalto</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sticchi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Crimi</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laricchia</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khokhar</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Giannini</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Bicuspid versus Tricuspid Anatomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>19</issue>
          <fpage>2144</fpage>
          <lpage>55</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcin.2021.07.052</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>19 Montalto C, Sticchi A, Crimi G, Laricchia A, Khokhar AA, Giannini F, et al. Outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Bicuspid versus Tricuspid Anatomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2021;14(19):2144-55. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.07.052.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Makkar</surname>
              <given-names>RR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yoon</surname>
              <given-names>SH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leon</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chakravarty</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rinaldi</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shah</surname>
              <given-names>PB</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid vs Tricuspid Aortic Stenosis and Mortality or Stroke</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>321</volume>
          <issue>22</issue>
          <fpage>2193</fpage>
          <lpage>202</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2019.7108</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>20 Makkar RR, Yoon SH, Leon MB, Chakravarty T, Rinaldi M, Shah PB, et al. Association between Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid vs Tricuspid Aortic Stenosis and Mortality or Stroke. JAMA. 2019;321(22):2193-202. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.7108.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Deeb</surname>
              <given-names>GM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Reardon</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ramlawi</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yakubov</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chetcuti</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kleiman</surname>
              <given-names>NS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Propensity-Matched 1-Year Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Bicuspid and Tricuspid Patients</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>15</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>511</fpage>
          <lpage>22</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcin.2021.10.027</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>21 Deeb GM, Reardon MJ, Ramlawi B, Yakubov SJ, Chetcuti SJ, Kleiman NS, et al. Propensity-Matched 1-Year Outcomes Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Bicuspid and Tricuspid Patients. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;15(5):511-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.10.027.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fan</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fang</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhu</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hou</surname>
              <given-names>CR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jiang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Brain Injury after Transcatheter Replacement of Bicuspid versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>76</volume>
          <issue>22</issue>
          <fpage>2579</fpage>
          <lpage>90</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.605</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>22 Fan J, Fang X, Liu C, Zhu G, Hou CR, Jiang J, et al. Brain Injury after Transcatheter Replacement of Bicuspid versus Tricuspid Aortic Valves. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(22):2579-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.605.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <label>23</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Barbanti</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Windecker</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maisano</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laterra</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leipsic</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: Advancements and Challenges of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2025</year>
          <volume>46</volume>
          <issue>28</issue>
          <fpage>2760</fpage>
          <lpage>75</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf307</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>23 Barbanti M, Costa G, Windecker S, Maisano F, Laterra G, Leipsic J, et al. Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: Advancements and Challenges of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Eur Heart J. 2025;46(28):2760-75. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaf307.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <sec id="sec1" sec-type="supplementary-material">
      <title>*Material suplementar</title>
      <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2026/12305/2025-0750_AO_TabelaSuplementar_1.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
      <supplementary-material id="suppl1">
        <label>Material suplementar</label>
        <media mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/GZgbYBW6dpd6Pxz4dB5p3KR/4163425532a7feefb06351786f93e54b1e1d52cf.pdf"/>
      </supplementary-material>
    </sec>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250750i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Temporal Trends and In-hospital Outcomes of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in Bicuspid Aortic Valves in Brazil: A Propensity-Matched Analysis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2066-0287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Calomeni</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception</role>
          <role>design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis</role>
          <role>interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1267-0020</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bernardi</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6260-9626</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brito</surname>
            <given-names>F&#225;bio Sandoli de</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-3755-3687</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Abizaid</surname>
            <given-names>Marcella Sousa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0003-2047-5476</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Francisco Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6782-750X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feres</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4903-5274</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Dimytri Alexandre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff29">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9674-8528</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sarmento-Leite</surname>
            <given-names>Rog&#233;rio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff30">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8212-1732</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mangione</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mangione</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Armando</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff31">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Thiago</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Koenig S&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff32">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of dat</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima</surname>
            <given-names>Valter Correia de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff33">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Adriano Dias Dourado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff34">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marino</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Ant&#244;nio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff35">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cardoso</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Jos&#233; Francisco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff36">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7895-8281</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Caramori</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Ricardo Avancini</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff37">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tumelero</surname>
            <given-names>Rog&#233;rio Tadeu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff38">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Portela</surname>
            <given-names>Antenor Lages Fortes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff39">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Prudente</surname>
            <given-names>Maur&#237;cio Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff40">
            <sup>14</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Henriques</surname>
            <given-names>Le&#244;nidas Alvarenga</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff41">
            <sup>15</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1137-7527</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>F&#225;bio Solano de Freitas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff42">
            <sup>16</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4762-0579</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bezerra</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano Guedes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff43">
            <sup>17</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida Prado</surname>
            <given-names>Guy Fernandes de</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff28">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro Zacarias Figueiredo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff44">
            <sup>18</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nogueira</surname>
            <given-names>Ederlon Ferreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff45">
            <sup>19</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7964-4279</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Meireles</surname>
            <given-names>George C&#233;sar Ximenes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff46">
            <sup>20</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pope</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Bastos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff47">
            <sup>21</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2434-2561</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gu&#233;rios</surname>
            <given-names>&#202;nio Eduardo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff48">
            <sup>22</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3511-7375</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Beraldo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff49">
            <sup>23</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4788-7713</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano de Moura</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff50">
            <sup>24</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Augusto Celso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff51">
            <sup>25</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1152-8946</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Esteves</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius Borges Cardozo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff52">
            <sup>26</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5427-7596</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zukowski</surname>
            <given-names>Cleverson</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff52">
            <sup>26</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Abizaid</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff27">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
          <role>Conception</role>
          <role>design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis</role>
          <role>interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for intellectual content</role>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff27">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff28">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff29">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff30">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff31">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff32">
          <label>6</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">SOS Cardio, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff33">
          <label>7</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff34">
          <label>8</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff35">
          <label>9</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Madre Tereza, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff36">
          <label>10</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Naval Marc&#237;lio Dias, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff37">
          <label>11</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Lucas da PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff38">
          <label>12</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Passo Fundo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Associa&#231;&#227;o Hospitalar Beneficente S&#227;o Vicente de Paulo, Passo Fundo, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff39">
          <label>13</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Teresina</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PI</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Associa&#231;&#227;o Piauiense de Combate ao C&#226;ncer, Teresina, PI &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff40">
          <label>14</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Aparecida de Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Encore, Aparecida de Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff41">
          <label>15</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Juiz de Fora</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Albert Sabin, Juiz de Fora, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff42">
          <label>16</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital C&#225;rdio-Pulmonar, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff43">
          <label>17</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Alian&#231;a Rede D&#8217;Or, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff44">
          <label>18</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff45">
          <label>19</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Londrina</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Londrina, Londrina, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff46">
          <label>20</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Servidor P&#250;blico do Estado IAMSPE, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff47">
          <label>21</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Joinville</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Hans Dieter Schmidt, Joinville, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff48">
          <label>22</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Nossa Senhora do Pilar, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff49">
          <label>23</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Mar&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Irmandade da Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Mar&#237;lia, Mar&#237;lia, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff50">
          <label>24</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa L&#250;cia, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff51">
          <label>25</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional Unimed, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff52">
          <label>26</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Rede D&#8217;Or S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Henrique Barbosa Ribeiro &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>henrique.ribeiro@hc.fm.usp.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potential Conflict of Interest</label>
          <p>HBR has served as proctor for Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic and Boston Scientific. HBR and FSBJ have received research grants from Medtronic. FSBJ has served as proctor for Edwards Lifesciences and Medtronic. PAL, RSL and JAM have served as proctor for Medtronic. PRAC has served as proctor for Medtronic and Meril Life Sciences. AA has received research grants from Edwards Lifesciences, Medtronic and Boston Scientific.</p>
          <p>HBR is an associate editor of Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>ABSTRACT</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is a significant risk factor for aortic stenosis (AS). Yet, the outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) remain unclear, as most randomized trials excluded such patients. Furthermore, most published evidence on TAVI in BAV comes from high-income countries, which may not reflect realities of underserved populations.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>Evaluate temporal trends, procedural, and in-hospital outcomes between BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Retrospective observational study based on a Brazilian multicenter registry of TAVI patients between January 2009 and December 2021. We performed propensity score matching to adjust comparisons. A p-value &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Among 2,426 patients from 25 centers, 111 had BAV. TAVI procedures increased over time in both groups. After one-to-three matching, 90 BAV and 243 TAV patients were included. No significant differences were observed in rates of major vascular complications (4% vs. 5%; p=0.99), major or life-threatening bleeding (10% vs. 6%; p=0.34), stroke (2% vs. 0.4%; p=0.37), or in-hospital mortality (7% vs. 3%; p=0.21). Over time, there was a significant reduction in in-hospital mortality (p&lt;0.01) and major procedural complications (p&lt;0.01 for vascular, bleeding, and stroke events), regardless of valve type.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>During the study period, annual TAVI procedures increased in both BAV and TAV patients, although the prevalence of BAV remained relatively low. No significant differences were observed in procedural or clinical outcomes between the propensity-matched groups. Both valve types showed reductions in procedural complications and in-hospital mortality over time.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation</kwd>
        <kwd>Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo</funding-source>
          <award-id>2023/03026-2</award-id>
        </award-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Sources of Funding</bold> Pedro Calomeni received funding from Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo (2023/03026-2) to conduct the study, but the organization was not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, or writing of this manuscript.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <fig id="f4">
        <p>BAV: bicuspid aortic valve; PSM: propensity score matching; TAV: tricuspid aortic valve.</p>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-06-e20250750-50750-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a well-established treatment for managing severe aortic stenosis across the entire surgical risk spectrum.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) accounts for a significant proportion of patients with aortic stenosis (AS) undergoing valve treatment. An analysis of 200,849 adults who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement for severe AS between 2011 and 2022 in the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Cardiac Surgery database demonstrated that the prevalence of BAV was 27%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In contrast, the STS TAVI database reported a BAV prevalence of approximately 3%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Despite its clinical relevance, evidence regarding TAVI outcomes in BAV patients remains limited, as most randomized controlled trials have excluded this population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Furthermore, most published data on TAVI in BAV patients originates from observational studies conducted in high-income countries, which may not accurately represent the realities of underserved populations. Additional heterogeneity stems from variations in patient characteristics, device availability, institutional experience, and transcatheter heart valve (THV) generation, particularly because newer-generation THVs have been associated with improved procedural success and valve performance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Therefore, the objectives of this study were: I) to evaluate temporal trends in TAVI procedures in BAV vs. tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients with severe AS who underwent TAVI in Brazil, and II) to compare procedural and in-hospital outcomes between BAV and TAV groups.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study sample and protocol</title>
          <p>This is a retrospective observational study based on a Brazilian multicenter clinical registry, evaluating clinical and imaging TAVI variables from January 2009 to December 2021. All centers in Brazil that routinely perform TAVI were contacted and invited to participate in the Brazilian Registry for Evaluation of the Results of Aortic Bioprosthesis Catheter Implantation (RIBAC-NT), coordinated by the Brazilian Society of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology (SBHCI). The only exclusion criteria for this study were valve-in-valve procedures and missing valve morphology information.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data collection</title>
          <p>The following information was collected for each patient: (I) baseline clinical characteristics and complementary tests; (II) TAVI planning data; (III) procedural techniques and materials used; (IV) procedural complications; (V) in-hospital care related to TAVI.</p>
          <p>Clinical outcomes were evaluated according to VARC-2 criteria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> THVs were classified by device type and generation as follows: new-generation balloon-expandable valves (BEV) included Sapien 3 and Sapien 3 Ultra (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) and Myval (Meril Life Sciences, Vapi, India). Early-generation BEVs included the Sapien XT (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) and Inovare (Braile Biom&#233;dica, S&#227;o Jos&#233; do Rio Preto, Brazil). New-generation self-expanding valves (SEV) included Evolut R and Evolut PRO (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN), Acurate neo/neo 2 (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA) and Portico (Abbott, Santa Clara, CA). Early-generation SEV included CoreValve (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN). The Lotus Valve (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA) was classified as a mechanically expanded THV.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study outcomes</title>
          <p>The outcomes of interest were: I) the annual number of TAVI procedures performed in BAV and TAV patients; II) the proportion of procedures performed in high-volume centers (total volume ?120 cases);<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> III) procedural outcomes, including permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI), annular rupture, and coronary artery occlusion; IV) in-hospital outcomes for BAV vs. TAV patients, particularly the rates of major vascular complications, major or life-threatening bleeding, stroke, in-hospital mortality, and in-hospital early safety.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Categorical variables are reported as absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies. Continuous variables are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation or median [interquartile range], as appropriate. Normality was assessed using the Anderson&#8211;Darling test. Comparisons of baseline variables between groups were performed using Welch's t-test or the Mann&#8211;Whitney U test for continuous variables, as appropriate, and the chi-square test for categorical variables.</p>
          <p>The annual proportion of BAV cases relative to TAV was calculated, and a local polynomial regression curve was fitted to model and visualize temporal trends. To adjust for intergroup differences between BAV and TAV, analyses were restricted to patients treated from 2017 onward, thereby including only years with a meaningful representation of BAV cases (n ? 10). Within this restricted cohort, propensity score matching was subsequently performed using a 1:3 ratio with a greedy nearest-neighbor algorithm. The list of variables used for propensity score matching is provided in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="suppl2">Supplemental Table 1</xref>.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with bicuspid aortic valve vs. tricuspid aortic valve undergoing TAVI in Brazil, before and after propensity score matching</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="14%">
                <col width="1%"/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Non-matched</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Matched</th>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Bicuspid (n=111)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Tricuspid (n=2,315)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">p-value</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Bicuspid (n=90)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Tricuspid (n=243)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Age, y</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">79.0 [71.0 &#8211; 84.1]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">82.0 [78.0 &#8211; 86.0]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">78.0 [72.0 &#8211; 84.0]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">80.0 [74.5 &#8211; 84.0]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.31</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Female gender</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">51 (45.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,166 (50.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.42</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">38 (42.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">106 (43.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.92</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>BMI, kg/m<sup>2</sup></bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26.0 &#177; 5.1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26.5 &#177; 4.7</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.36</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26.6 &#177; 5.1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26.3 &#177; 4.2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.58</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Hypertension</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">86 (77.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,868 (80.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.48</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">71 (78.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">190 (78.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Diabetes mellitus</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">38 (34.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">816 (35.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.91</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">34 (37.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">93 (38.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>NYHA III/IV</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">70 (63.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,680 (72.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.04</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">57 (63.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">147 (60.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.73</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Atrial fibrillation</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">8 (7.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">288 (12.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.27</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">6 (6.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">14 (5.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.86</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>CAD</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">44 (39.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,227 (53.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">38 (42.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">112 (46.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.61</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Previous MI</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">5 (4.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">312 (13.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4 (4.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">18 (7.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.47</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Previous PCI</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">21 (18.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">662 (28.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.04</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">18 (20.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">61 (25.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.41</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Previous CABG</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">12 (10.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">343 (14.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.30</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">12 (13.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">31 (12.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>COPD</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">16 (14.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">410 (17.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.44</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">13 (14.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">34 (14.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Creatinine, mg/dl</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1.1 &#177; 0.5</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1.3 &#177; 0.9</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.03</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1.1 &#177; 0.5</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1.1 &#177; 0.6</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.82</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Hemoglobin, g/dl</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">11.3 &#177; 2.2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">10.8 &#177; 2.1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.04</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">11.2 &#177; 2.2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">11.1 &#177; 2.0</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.63</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>EuroSCORE II, %</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">3.0 [1.6 &#8211; 6.0]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4.8 [2.7 &#8211; 8.5]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2.7 [1.5 &#8211; 5.9]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">3.4 [2.0 &#8211; 6.3]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.15</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>High-volume center</bold>
                    <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">*</xref>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">63 (56.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,695 (73.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">47 (52.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">129 (53.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Region</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.98</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Central-West</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">14 (12.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">65 (2.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">11 (12.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26 (10.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Northeast</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">14 (12.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">181 (7.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">12 (13.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">35 (14.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">South</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">19 (17.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">747 (32.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">18 (20.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">50 (20.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Southeast</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">64 (57.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,322 (57.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">49 (54.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">132 (54.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>LVEF, %</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">62.0 [51.0 &#8211; 68.0]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">63.0 [52.0 &#8211; 68.0]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.55</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">62.0 [50.2 &#8211; 68.0]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">61.0 [50.0 &#8211; 66.0]</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.75</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Mean aortic gradient, mmHg</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">45.5 &#177; 19.0</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">45.6 &#177; 17.7</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.94</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">43.3 &#177; 18.4</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">42.8 &#177; 18.2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.83</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>AVA, cm<sup>2</sup></bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.7 &#177; 0.2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.7 &#177; 0.3</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.73</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.7 &#177; 0.2</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.8 &#177; 0.3</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.11</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>PASP, mmHg</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">41.0 &#177; 13.1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">41.9 &#177; 13.3</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.57</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">39.7 &#177; 13.3</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">39.5 &#177; 12.4</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.90</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN7">
                <p>Categorical variables are reported as n (%). Continuous variables are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation or median [interquartile range], as appropriate. AVA: aortic valve area; BMI: body mass index; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD: coronary artery disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction; NYHA: New York Heart Association functional classification; PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN8">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>High-volume centers were defined as those with total procedural volume ? 120 patients.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
          <p>Standardized mean differences (SMD) were used to assess balance across all variables, while variance ratios (VR) were calculated only for continuous variables. Variables were considered adequately balanced if standardized mean differences &lt; 0.1 and VR between 0.5 and 2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Logistic regression models with time modeled as a continuous variable using restricted cubic splines with three knots were fitted to evaluate the effect of time on procedural complications.</p>
          <p>All p-values were 2-sided, and p&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data analysis was performed using R Statistical Software version 4.5.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Temporal trends and geographical distribution</title>
          <p>The Central Illustration summarizes the flow diagram of the study sample for the BAV vs. TAV comparison. A total of 3,194 patients were included in the RIBAC-NT registry, of whom 631 lacked information on valve morphology and 137 underwent valve-in-valve or TAVI-in-TAVI procedures. Therefore, the final study cohort comprised 2,426 patients from 25 centers.</p>
          <p>There were 10 high-volume centers, 7 located in the Southeast region, 2 in the South, and 1 in the Northeast, collectively accounting for 72% of the study population.</p>
          <p>The annual number of TAVI procedures performed in Brazil, stratified by valve morphology, is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 1</xref>. Over the study period, a significant increase in the annual volume of TAVI procedures was observed for both BAV and TAV patients. The proportion of BAV relative to TAV procedures also increased over time. Most procedures were concentrated in the Southeast and South regions.</p>
          <fig id="f5">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Temporal trends of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) patients undergoing TAVI in Brazil from 2009 to 2021; the black line shows the local polynomial regression for BAV/TAV proportion.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-06-e20250750-50750-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Sample characteristics</title>
          <p>Baseline clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of the study population before and after matching are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Table 1</xref>. Before matching, BAV patients were younger than TAV, exhibited lower NYHA III/IV functional class, and presented a lower burden of coronary comorbidities, such as previous coronary artery disease and percutaneous coronary intervention. BAV group also had a lower EuroSCORE II. After one-to-three matching performed in the restricted cohort (2017&#8211;2021), no significant baseline differences were observed between groups. The complete matching balance assessment is available in <xref ref-type="supplementary-material" rid="suppl2">Supplemental Table 1</xref>.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Procedural outcomes</title>
          <p>Procedural outcomes for the unmatched and matched cohorts are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 2</xref>. In the matched cohort, balloon-expandable THVs were preferentially selected for both BAV and TAV patients. In both groups, the 26-mm valve was used most frequently, followed by the 29-mm valve. Pre-implant balloon valvuloplasty was performed significantly more often in the BAV group, whereas no significant differences were observed in post-implant balloon dilation rates or in postprocedural mean aortic gradients. Likewise, PPI rates were similar between BAV and TAV patients. Coronary artery occlusion was rare, with only one event recorded in each group, and no annular ruptures were observed in the matched cohort.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>In-hospital outcomes in the matched cohort</title>
          <p>In-hospital outcomes for the unmatched and matched cohorts are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 2</xref>. There was no meaningful difference in major vascular complication between the BAV and TAV groups. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed in the composite outcome of major or life-threatening bleeding or in the stroke rates. Finally, in-hospital mortality and early safety outcomes did not differ between groups.</p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Procedural characteristics and in-hospital outcomes of patients with bicuspid aortic valve vs. tricuspid aortic valve undergoing TAVI in Brazil, before and after propensity score matching</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="14%">
                <col width="1%"/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Non-matched</th>
                  <th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Matched</th>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle"/>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Bicuspid (n=111)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Tricuspid (n=2,315)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">p-value</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Bicuspid (n=90)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Tricuspid (n=243)</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Femoral approach</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">110 (99.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2,200 (95.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.82</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">90 (100.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">235 (96.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.55</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>THV type (BEV)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">60 (54.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,052 (45.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.03</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">46 (51.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">133 (54.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.40</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>New-generation THV</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">96 (86.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,304 (56.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">87 (96.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">234 (96.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>THV</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.87</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Acurate neo/neo2<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">8 (7.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">121 (5.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">8 (8.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">21 (8.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">CoreValve<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">566 (24.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Evolut R/Pro<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">33 (29.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">532 (23.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">32 (35.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">78 (32.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Inovare<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">35 (1.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Lotus<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">&#8224;</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4 (3.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">52 (2.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Myval<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26 (1.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4 (1.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Portico<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">*</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2 (1.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">15 (0.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2 (2.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">7 (2.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Sapien XT<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">8 (7.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">352 (15.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2 (2.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">7 (2.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">Sapien 3/Ultra<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN10">&#8225;</xref> </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">51 (45.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">604 (26.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">43 (47.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">121 (49.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>THV size</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.02</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.18</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">20</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4 (3.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">40 (1.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4 (4.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">11 (4.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">21.5</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">5 (0.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">23</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">22 (19.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">462 (20.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">19 (21.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">53 (21.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">24</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">7 (0.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">24.5</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2 (0.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">25</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">81 (3.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">14 (5.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">26</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">43 (38.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">816 (35.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">32 (35.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">76 (31.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">27</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">7 (6.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">47 (2.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">7 (7.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">5 (2.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">27.5</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">10 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2 (0.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">28</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">10 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">29</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">25 (22.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">647 (27.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">20 (22.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">63 (25.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">30</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">5 (0.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">30.5</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4 (0.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">31</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">103 (4.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                  <td align="left" valign="top">34</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">6 (5.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">62 (2.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">6 (6.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">12 (4.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Mean THV size, mm</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26.3 &#177; 2.9</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26.6 &#177; 2.8</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.34</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">26.4 &#177; 3.1</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">25.8 &#177; 4.5</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.30</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Balloon predilation</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">66 (59.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">915 (39.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">&lt;0.01</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">48 (53.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">93 (38.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.02</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Balloon postdilation</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">34 (30.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">677 (29.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.88</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">28 (31.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">65 (26.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.52</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Postprocedural mean aortic gradient, mmHg</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">10.9 &#177; 6.7</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">9.9 &#177; 5.9</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.14</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">7.5 &#177; 6.9</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">6.6 &#177; 6.6</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.28</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Annular rupture</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">10 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">
                    <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#167;</xref>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Coronary artery occlusion</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">11 (0.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (1.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Valve embolization</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">3 (2.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">44 (1.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.80</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">3 (3.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2 (0.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.24</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Conversion to open surgery</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4 (3.6)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">49 (2.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.48</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">3 (3.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">3 (1.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.42</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>PPI</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">8 (7.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">261 (11.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.24</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">6 (6.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">27 (11.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.32</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Stroke</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2 (1.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">55 (2.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.94</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">2 (2.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1 (0.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.37</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Major vascular complication</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">5 (4.5)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">164 (7.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.39</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">4 (4.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">12 (4.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>Major or life-threatening bleeding</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">12 (10.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">218 (9.4)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.75</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">9 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">15 (6.2)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.34</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>In-hospital death</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">7 (6.3)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">156 (6.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">6 (6.7)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">7 (2.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.21</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                    <bold>In-hospital early safety</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">101 (90.9)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">1,971 (85.1)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.12</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">81 (90.0)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">223 (91.8)</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="top">0.77</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN9">
                <p>Categorical variables are reported as n (%). Continuous variables are expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation or median [interquartile range], as appropriate. BEV: balloon-expandable valve; PPI: permanent pacemaker implantation; THV: transcatheter heart valve.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN10">
                <label>&#8225;</label>
                <p>Balloon-expandable THV.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN11">
                <label>&#8224;</label>
                <p>Mechanically expandable THV.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN12">
                <label>*</label>
                <p>Self-expanding THV.</p>
              </fn>
              <fn id="TFN13">
                <label>&#167;</label>
                <p>p-value could not be computed due to zero events in both groups.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Temporal trends for in-hospital outcomes</title>
          <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 2</xref> compares key outcomes between patients enrolled during the first eight years (2009&#8211;2016) of the RIBAC-NT registry and those from the subsequent five years (2017&#8211;2021). Over time, in the overall cohort, all procedural complications decreased significantly.</p>
          <fig id="f6">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Temporal trends of in-hospital outcomes for patients undergoing TAVI in Brazil; panel A shows complication rates for the first eight years (2009&#8211;2016) of the RIBAC-NT registry, while panel B presents rates for the last five years (2017&#8211;2021). BAV: bicuspid aortic valve; TAV: tricuspid aortic valve.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-06-e20250750-50750-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The main findings of this analysis of the RIBAC-NT registry were as follows: I) during the study period, there was a significant increase in the annual number of TAVI procedures performed in both BAV and TAV patients, as well as in the BAV/TAV volume ratio; II) TAVI procedural complication rates decreased over time; III) major vascular complication, the composite outcome of major or life-threatening bleeding, stroke, and in-hospital mortality did not differ between BAV and TAV patients, both in the overall cohort and after propensity score matching.</p>
        <p>Despite the growing use of TAVI among patients with AS, very few studies have evaluated its use specifically in individuals with BAV. The NOTION-2 trial was the only randomized study that did not exclude BAV patients, and they represented only 27% of the enrolled population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Therefore, registries currently provide the best available evidence. Historically, BAV patients have been excluded from randomized trials due to anatomical features that may increase the risk of procedural complications or device failure. These features include larger aortic annuli, elliptical supra-annular geometry, and extensive asymmetric calcification &#8211; often with a calcified raphe &#8211; that may hinder optimal THV expansion and increase periprocedural complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Additionally, BAV patients tend to be younger and have fewer comorbidities, which is particularly relevant given the uncertainty surrounding the long-term durability of THVs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> These technical challenges, combined with the limited randomized evidence, have likely contributed to the slower clinical adoption of TAVI in BAV compared with TAV, both internationally and &#8211; consistent with our temporal trend analysis &#8211; in Brazil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Most evidence regarding TAVI in BAV comes from high-income countries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> The Brazilian context, however, presents unique challenges, including substantial disparities in access, delayed diagnosis, and considerable variability in operator and center experience. These factors influence procedural planning and outcomes, underscoring the importance of locally generated real-world data.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Nevertheless, our temporal trend analysis and the direct comparison of TAV and BAV outcomes support the safety and effectiveness of extending TAVI to selected BAV patients in Brazil. Thus, the present study may help inform clinical decision-making in similarly resource-limited healthcare systems.</p>
        <p>A previous meta-analysis suggested that BAV patients had an increased risk of stroke, despite similar baseline characteristics across cohorts.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> This finding was attributed to the unique anatomical features of BAV, particularly the frequent presence of heavy calcification. In our registry, however, BAV and TAV patients exhibited comparable stroke rates. This may reflect the fact that most procedures in our cohort were performed between 2017 and 2021, predominantly using new-generation THVs. In contrast, the meta-analysis included procedures performed between 2006 and 2019, with only about half of the patients treated with new-generation devices. Our findings align with previous analyses restricted to new-generation THVs, which have shown no statistically significant differences in stroke rates, as well as with pooled evaluations including more than 30,000 BAV patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Another possible explanation for our results is selection bias. Given the relatively limited experience of Brazilian operators, only patients with highly favorable anatomies and calcium distribution may have been selected for TAVI. Finally, our findings of comparable rates of major vascular complications, the composite of major or life-threatening bleeding, and in-hospital mortality further reinforce existing literature and support the growing consensus that TAVI can be performed safely and effectively in selected BAV patients using contemporary techniques and technologies.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>This study has inherent limitations related to the different timelines of clinical adoption between groups, despite the use of propensity score matching. Because TAVI was initially performed predominantly in TAV patients, analyses including the entire study period inevitably compare procedures performed with earlier-generation devices and techniques against those performed later using more advanced technology. Conversely, restricting the analysis to more contemporary years introduces another imbalance, as operators had already accumulated substantial experience with TAV while still being on the learning curve for BAV.</p>
          <p>In addition, the use of propensity score matching as an adjustment strategy inherently reduces the effective sample size and, consequently, the statistical power of the analyses. We also lacked sufficient granularity to distinguish among different BAV phenotypes, nor were we able to assess calcium volume and distribution. Comprehensive postprocedural echocardiographic data were unavailable, preventing a detailed evaluation of post-TAVI valve performance and outcomes such as prosthesis&#8211;patient mismatch.</p>
          <p>Finally, because most data originated from higher-volume centers in the Southeast region, these findings may not be generalizable to very low-volume centers.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>During the study period, the annual number of TAVI procedures increased significantly in both BAV and TAV patients, although the prevalence of BAV remained relatively low. There were no significant differences in procedural or clinical outcomes between the propensity-matched groups, and both BAV and TAV patients experienced reductions in procedural complications and mortality over time.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
          <label>Sources of Funding</label>
          <p>Pedro Calomeni received funding from Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo (2023/03026-2) to conduct the study, but the organization was not involved in the study design, data collection, analysis, or writing of this manuscript.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Study Association</label>
          <p>This article is part of Pedro Calomeni's undergraduate research project at the Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
          <label>Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate</label>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Leforte under the protocol number CAAE 36697620.01001.5485. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
          <label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
          <p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-available-upon-request">
        <title>Availability of Research Data</title>
        <p>The data are held by SBHCI, but restrictions apply to their availability, as they were used under license for the present study. However, data may be obtained upon reasonable request and with permission from SBHCI.</p>
      </sec>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgements</title>
        <p>We want to express our gratitude to Sandra Baradel from SBHCI for her assistance in coordinating the centers for the database.</p>
      </ack>
      <sec id="sec2" sec-type="supplementary-material">
        <title>*Supplemental Materials</title>
        <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2026/12305/2025-0750_AO_SupplementalTable_1.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
        <supplementary-material id="suppl2">
          <label>Supplemental Materials</label>
          <media mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/GZgbYBW6dpd6Pxz4dB5p3KR/850849c834aa66ddb8773848090467f15ceacf3a.pdf"/>
        </supplementary-material>
      </sec>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
