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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">kf9bKMXv3rVWzZLSdGV3wgc</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000404203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">04203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260174</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Valor Progn&#243;stico do &#205;ndice de Carga Inflamat&#243;ria (IBI) em Eventos Coronarianos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Matias</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Antonio Cavalcanti</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco (UNIVASF), Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco, Curso de Medicina &#8211; Avenida da Amizade, 1900. CEP <postal-code>48605-780</postal-code>, Sal Torrado &#8211; Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260174</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="article" id="r1" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250052" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Placa Ateroscler&#243;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p><bold>Prezado Editor</bold>,</p>
    <p>Lemos com grande interesse o artigo original intitulado "Placas Vulner&#225;veis Detectadas por TC Card&#237;aca e Risco de Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio Futuro: Valor Preditivo dos Escores CAC e do &#205;ndice de Carga Inflamat&#243;ria". Gostar&#237;amos de parabenizar os autores, &#214;m&#252;r et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> pela investiga&#231;&#227;o oportuna sobre a integra&#231;&#227;o de marcadores anat&#244;micos e inflamat&#243;rios na predi&#231;&#227;o de eventos coronarianos agudos.</p>
    <p>O estudo aborda uma lacuna cr&#237;tica na cardiologia preventiva: a transi&#231;&#227;o do foco apenas na "placa vulner&#225;vel" para o conceito de "paciente vulner&#225;vel", integrando a carga ateroscler&#243;tica sist&#234;mica ao estado inflamat&#243;rio. A aplica&#231;&#227;o do &#237;ndice de carga inflamat&#243;ria (IBI), produto da Prote&#237;na C-Reativa (PCR) pela raz&#227;o neutr&#243;filo-linf&#243;cito no contexto da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana &#233; louv&#225;vel. Embora o IBI j&#225; fosse utilizado em oncologia, sua valida&#231;&#227;o como preditor independente de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) neste estudo amplia o arsenal de biomarcadores acess&#237;veis.</p>
    <p>O uso de uma abordagem multifacetada para o monitoramento dos desfechos, incluindo o sistema nacional de registros eletr&#244;nicos de sa&#250;de (e-Nabiz) e comunica&#231;&#227;o direta com outras unidades de sa&#250;de, confere alta confiabilidade aos dados de seguimento de 3 anos. A demonstra&#231;&#227;o de que a combina&#231;&#227;o de altos escores de C&#225;lcio Coron&#225;rio (CAC &gt; 102) e IBI (&gt; 128) eleva significativamente o risco de IAM (OR 1,484) e oferece uma ferramenta pr&#225;tica para a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em pacientes com dor tor&#225;cica e placas n&#227;o obstrutivas (&lt; 50% de estenose).</p>
    <p>Apesar dos resultados promissores, alguns pontos poderiam ser discutidos ou refinados em pesquisas futuras. Embora o acompanhamento tenha sido sistem&#225;tico, o <italic>design</italic> retrospectivo limita a capacidade de inferir causalidade direta e pode introduzir vieses de sele&#231;&#227;o, apesar do grande tamanho da coorte (n=1.235). O IBI foi calculado a partir de amostras de sangue obtidas em um &#250;nico ponto temporal imediatamente antes da angiotomografia. Como a inflama&#231;&#227;o &#233; um processo din&#226;mico, seria valioso discutir se medidas seriadas do IBI poderiam oferecer uma predi&#231;&#227;o ainda mais acurada. Al&#233;m disso, a aus&#234;ncia de compara&#231;&#227;o direta com biomarcadores inflamat&#243;rios j&#225; consolidados, como a PCR de alta sensibilidade isolada ou a interleucina-6, limita a avalia&#231;&#227;o do real valor incremental do IBI na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Adicionalmente, a natureza monoc&#234;ntrica do estudo e sua realiza&#231;&#227;o em um contexto espec&#237;fico de sistema de sa&#250;de podem limitar a validade externa dos achados, restringindo sua generaliza&#231;&#227;o para popula&#231;&#245;es com diferentes perfis epidemiol&#243;gicos e assistenciais.&#179; O estudo conclui que a abordagem facilita estrat&#233;gias de tratamento mais espec&#237;ficas. Seria enriquecedor ter destacado se a intensidade da terapia com estatinas ou o uso de agentes anti-inflamat&#243;rios alvo (como a colchicina) diferiram significativamente entre os modelos propostos durante o seguimento.</p>
    <p>Em suma, o trabalho de &#214;m&#252;r et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> refor&#231;a a import&#226;ncia de olharmos al&#233;m da estenose luminal, integrando a biologia da inflama&#231;&#227;o &#224; carga de placa calcificada para melhor proteger nossos pacientes.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
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          <article-title>Cardiac CT-Detected Vulnerable Plaques and Risk of Future Acute Myocardial Infarction: Predictive Value of CAC Scores and Inflammatory Burden Index</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
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        <mixed-citation>1 &#214;m&#252;r SE, Koyun E, Cabri G. Cardiac CT-Detected Vulnerable Plaques and Risk of Future Acute Myocardial Infarction: Predictive Value of CAC Scores and Inflammatory Burden Index. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2025;122(11):e20250052. doi: 10.36660/abc.20250052.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Hennekens</surname>
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              <surname>Rifai</surname>
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            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Women</article-title>
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        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Ridker PM, Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Rifai N. C-Reactive Protein and Other Markers of Inflammation in the Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease in Women. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(12):836-43. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200003233421202.</mixed-citation>
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      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
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              <surname>Rothwell</surname>
              <given-names>PM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
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          <source>Lancet</source>
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        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Rothwell PM. External Validity of Randomised Controlled Trials: "To Whom do the Results of this Trial Apply?". Lancet. 2005;365(9453):82-93. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17670-8.</mixed-citation>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6209-1732</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>&#214;m&#252;r</surname>
            <given-names>Sefa Erdi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9823-1613</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Koyun</surname>
            <given-names>Emin</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-1120-4216</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cabri</surname>
            <given-names>G&#246;khan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Tokat Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Tokat</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Tokat Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi, Tokat &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Sivas Cumhuriyet University</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Sivas</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Prezado Editor</bold>,</p>
      <p>Gostar&#237;amos de agradecer sinceramente aos autores pelos seus coment&#225;rios ponderados e construtivos sobre o nosso artigo intitulado "Placas Vulner&#225;veis Detectadas por Tomografia Computadorizada Card&#237;aca e o Risco de Futuro Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio: Valor Preditivo dos Escores de CAC e do &#205;ndice de Carga Inflamat&#243;ria". Agradecemos imensamente o interesse demonstrado em nosso trabalho e a valiosa contribui&#231;&#227;o para o debate em curso nesta &#225;rea.</p>
      <p>Como corretamente enfatizado pelos autores, o objetivo principal do nosso estudo foi ir al&#233;m do paradigma tradicional da "placa vulner&#225;vel" e adotar uma abordagem mais abrangente do "paciente vulner&#225;vel", integrando a carga ateroscler&#243;tica ao estado inflamat&#243;rio sist&#234;mico. Essa estrutura integrativa &#233; cada vez mais reconhecida como essencial na predi&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular, dada a fun&#231;&#227;o bem estabelecida da inflama&#231;&#227;o na aterotrombose.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Concordamos plenamente com os coment&#225;rios referentes ao desenho retrospectivo e unic&#234;ntrico do nosso estudo, que tamb&#233;m foram reconhecidos como limita&#231;&#245;es em nosso manuscrito. No entanto, gostar&#237;amos de enfatizar que a coorte relativamente grande e a estrat&#233;gia abrangente de acompanhamento &#8212; incorporando registros eletr&#244;nicos de sa&#250;de nacionais, contato direto com o paciente e verifica&#231;&#227;o cruzada com centros de sa&#250;de externos &#8212; aumentaram a robustez e a confiabilidade da determina&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos. N&#227;o obstante, estudos prospectivos e multic&#234;ntricos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para validar nossos achados em popula&#231;&#245;es mais amplas, particularmente em vista das preocupa&#231;&#245;es com a validade externa.</p>
      <p>A observa&#231;&#227;o sobre o uso de uma &#250;nica medi&#231;&#227;o basal do &#205;ndice de Carga Inflamat&#243;ria (IBI) &#233; altamente relevante. Dada a natureza din&#226;mica da inflama&#231;&#227;o, avalia&#231;&#245;es seriadas de marcadores inflamat&#243;rios podem fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas adicionais. Estudos futuros que incorporem medi&#231;&#245;es longitudinais de biomarcadores podem, portanto, refinar ainda mais os modelos de predi&#231;&#227;o de risco.</p>
      <p>Agradecemos tamb&#233;m a sugest&#227;o de comparar o IBI com biomarcadores inflamat&#243;rios j&#225; estabelecidos, como a prote&#237;na C-reativa de alta sensibilidade ou a interleucina-6. Embora nosso estudo tenha tido como objetivo avaliar um marcador inflamat&#243;rio composto simples, acess&#237;vel e clinicamente aplic&#225;vel, an&#225;lises comparativas incluindo biomarcadores j&#225; estabelecidos podem ajudar a definir melhor o valor progn&#243;stico incremental do IBI.</p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, o coment&#225;rio sobre as estrat&#233;gias de tratamento durante o acompanhamento, incluindo a intensidade do uso de estatinas e terapias anti-inflamat&#243;rias direcionadas, como a colchicina, &#233; particularmente importante. Avaliar a intera&#231;&#227;o entre a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco baseada na inflama&#231;&#227;o e as interven&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas pode fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es valiosas para o manejo personalizado do risco cardiovascular em estudos futuros.</p>
      <p>Em conclus&#227;o, agradecemos mais uma vez aos autores pelo valioso e construtivo feedback. Acreditamos que esta troca acad&#234;mica contribui significativamente para a compreens&#227;o em constante evolu&#231;&#227;o da integra&#231;&#227;o da carga ateroscler&#243;tica derivada de exames de imagem e da inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica na avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ref-list>
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  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260174i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Prognostic Value of the Inflammatory Burden Index (IBI) in Coronary Events</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Matias</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Antonio Cavalcanti</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco (UNIVASF), Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco, Curso de Medicina &#8211; Avenida da Amizade, 1900. Postal Code <postal-code>48605-780</postal-code>, Sal Torrado &#8211; Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Atherosclerotic Plaque</kwd>
        <kwd>X-Ray Computed Tomography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p><bold>Dear Editor</bold>,</p>
      <p>We read with great interest the original article entitled "Cardiac CT-Detected Vulnerable Plaques and Risk of Future Acute Myocardial Infarction: Predictive Value of CAC Scores and Inflammatory Burden Index". We want to congratulate the authors, &#214;m&#252;r et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> on their timely investigation into the integration of anatomical and inflammatory markers for predicting acute coronary events.</p>
      <p>This study addresses a critical gap in preventive cardiology: the shift from focusing solely on the "vulnerable plaque" to the concept of the "vulnerable patient," integrating the systemic atherosclerotic burden with the inflammatory state. The application of the Inflammatory Burden Index (IBI), a product of C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, in the context of coronary artery disease is commendable. Although the IBI was already used in oncology, its validation as an independent predictor of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in this study expands the arsenal of accessible biomarkers.</p>
      <p>The use of a multifaceted approach to outcome monitoring, including the national electronic health records system (e-Nabiz) and direct communication with other health units, confers high reliability to the 3-year follow-up data. The demonstration that the combination of high Coronary Calcium (CAC &gt; 102) and IBI (&gt; 128) scores significantly increases the risk of AMI (OR 1.484) offers a practical tool for risk stratification in patients with chest pain and non-obstructive plaques (&lt; 50% stenosis).</p>
      <p>Despite the promising results, some points could be discussed or refined in future research. Although the follow-up was systematic, the retrospective design limits the ability to infer direct causality and may introduce selection biases, despite the large cohort size (n=1,235). The IBI was calculated from blood samples obtained at a single time point immediately before CT angiography. As inflammation is a dynamic process, it would be valuable to discuss whether serial IBI measurements could offer an even more accurate prediction. Furthermore, the lack of direct comparison with already established inflammatory biomarkers, such as isolated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or interleukin-6, limits the assessment of the true incremental value of IBI in cardiovascular risk stratification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Additionally, the single-center nature of the study and its performance within a specific healthcare system context may limit the external validity of the findings, restricting their generalizability to populations with different epidemiological and care profiles.&#179; The study concludes that the approach facilitates more specific treatment strategies. It would have been enriching to highlight whether the intensity of statin therapy or the use of targeted anti-inflammatory agents (such as colchicine) differed significantly between the proposed models during follow-up.</p>
      <p>In summary, the work of &#214;m&#252;r et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> reinforces the importance of looking beyond luminal stenosis, integrating the biology of inflammation with the burden of calcified plaque to better protect our patients.</p>
    </body>
    <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R02" xml:lang="en">
      <front-stub>
        <article-categories>
          <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
            <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </article-categories>
        <title-group>
          <article-title>Reply</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6209-1732</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>&#214;m&#252;r</surname>
              <given-names>Sefa Erdi</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9823-1613</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Koyun</surname>
              <given-names>Emin</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
              <sup>2</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-1120-4216</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Cabri</surname>
              <given-names>G&#246;khan</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <aff id="aff5">
            <label>1</label>
            <addr-line>
              <named-content content-type="city">Tokat</named-content>
            </addr-line>
            <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
            <institution content-type="original">Tokat Gaziosmanpasa Universitesi, Tokat &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff id="aff6">
            <label>2</label>
            <addr-line>
              <named-content content-type="city">Sivas</named-content>
            </addr-line>
            <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
            <institution content-type="original">Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
          </aff>
        </contrib-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p><bold>Dear Editor</bold>,</p>
        <p>We would like to sincerely thank the authors for their thoughtful and constructive comments on our article entitled "Cardiac CT-Detected Vulnerable Plaques and Risk of Future Acute Myocardial Infarction: Predictive Value of CAC Scores and Inflammatory Burden Index" We greatly appreciate their interest in our work and their valuable contribution to the ongoing discussion in this field.</p>
        <p>As correctly emphasized by the authors, the primary objective of our study was to move beyond the traditional "vulnerable plaque" paradigm and to adopt a more comprehensive "vulnerable patient" approach by integrating atherosclerotic burden with systemic inflammatory status. This integrative framework is increasingly recognized as essential in cardiovascular risk prediction, given the well-established role of inflammation in atherothrombosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>We fully agree with the comments regarding the retrospective and single-center design of our study, which were also acknowledged as limitations in our manuscript. However, we would like to emphasize that the relatively large cohort and the comprehensive follow-up strategy&#8212;incorporating national electronic health records, direct patient contact, and cross-verification with external healthcare centers&#8212;enhanced the robustness and reliability of outcome ascertainment. Nevertheless, prospective and multicenter studies are warranted to validate our findings across broader populations, particularly in light of concerns regarding external validity 2.</p>
        <p>The observation regarding the use of a single baseline measurement of the Inflammatory Burden Index (IBI) is highly relevant. Given the dynamic nature of inflammation, serial assessments of inflammatory markers may provide additional prognostic information. Future studies incorporating longitudinal biomarker measurements may therefore further refine risk prediction models.</p>
        <p>We also appreciate the suggestion to compare IBI with established inflammatory biomarkers such as high-sensitivity C-reactive protein or interleukin-6. While our study aimed to evaluate a simple, accessible, and clinically applicable composite inflammatory marker, comparative analyses including established biomarkers may help to better define the incremental prognostic value of IBI.</p>
        <p>Furthermore, the comment regarding treatment strategies during follow-up, including statin intensity and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies such as colchicine, is particularly important. Evaluating the interaction between inflammation-based risk stratification and therapeutic interventions may provide valuable insights for personalized cardiovascular risk management in future studies.</p>
        <p>In conclusion, we thank the authors once again for their valuable and constructive feedback. We believe that this academic exchange contributes meaningfully to the evolving understanding of integrating imaging-derived atherosclerotic burden and systemic inflammation in cardiovascular risk assessment.</p>
      </body>
    </sub-article>
  </sub-article>
</article>
