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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">pS73Sq9jxwS6BM9czWKbqVy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000301001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260163</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Nova Fronteira do Ultrassom de Point-of-Care: Ultrassom de Pulm&#227;o na Cardiopatia Cong&#234;nita</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2634-4632</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Otto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Estef&#226;nia Bosco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Brasilia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Brasilia, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital DF Star</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital DF Star, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Maria Estefania Otto</bold> &#8226; Pr&#233;dio da Faculdade de Medicina/Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Campus Universit&#225;rio Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte. CEP <postal-code>70910- 900</postal-code>, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brasil E-mail: <email>mariaestefaniaotto@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20260163</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Ultrassonografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistemas Automatizados de Assist&#234;ncia Junto ao Leito</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulm&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Edema Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias Cong&#234;nitas</kwd>
        <kwd>Pediatria</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o da congest&#227;o e das altera&#231;&#245;es pulmonares &#224; beira do leito vive um momento de consolida&#231;&#227;o conceitual: a ultrassonografia de pulm&#227;o (USP) deixou de ser apenas um "adjuvante" e passou a ocupar papel central na identifica&#231;&#227;o do l&#237;quido extravascular e padr&#245;es de aera&#231;&#227;o, com implica&#231;&#245;es diagn&#243;sticas, progn&#243;sticas e terap&#234;uticas. O artigo de Donmez et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> discute de forma direta o papel do USP na avalia&#231;&#227;o de edema pulmonar em crian&#231;as com cardiopatia cong&#234;nita (CC). Em uma coorte retrospectiva de 62 crian&#231;as, o estudo observou edema pulmonar em 53% pela USP e em 58% pela radiografia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ademais, a presen&#231;a de edema por USP, se associou a vari&#225;veis clinicamente relevantes na CC, como infec&#231;&#245;es respirat&#243;rias recorrentes, baixo peso e n&#237;veis elevados de BNP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Estes achados refor&#231;am que o USP acrescenta informa&#231;&#227;o objetiva e reprodut&#237;vel ao cuidado de crian&#231;as, em um contexto no qual o exame cl&#237;nico pode ser prejudicado por baixa coopera&#231;&#227;o e a radiografia realizada &#224; beira-leito pode ter acur&#225;cia reduzida por limita&#231;&#245;es de posicionamento e qualidade t&#233;cnica.</p>
    <p>Em adultos com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, a utilidade do USP para congest&#227;o pulmonar &#233; sustentada por diversos estudos cl&#237;nicos que demonstram desempenho diagn&#243;stico elevado e correla&#231;&#227;o com desfechos. As linhas B refletem aumento de fluido extravascular e, quando presentes de forma difusa, reclassificam o diagn&#243;stico diferencial de dispneia. A compara&#231;&#227;o entre USP, biomarcadores e avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica em contexto ambulatorial j&#225; mostrou que a carga de linhas B pode detectar congest&#227;o subcl&#237;nica e antecipar a possibilidade de descompensa&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Em um cen&#225;rio agudo, a implementa&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica do USP melhora a acur&#225;cia diagn&#243;stica para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> e estudos progn&#243;sticos associam congest&#227;o detectada ao USP a piores desfechos de curto e longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Revis&#245;es e perspectivas em cardiologia refor&#231;am o USP como novo m&#233;todo diagn&#243;stico por ser r&#225;pido, reprodut&#237;vel e de baixo custo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A transposi&#231;&#227;o desse racioc&#237;nio para pediatria &#233; atraente, mas exige aten&#231;&#227;o &#224;s especificidades da CC. Em crian&#231;as com CC, o edema pulmonar frequentemente reflete hiperfluxo, com desequil&#237;brio hidrost&#225;tico-onc&#243;tico e disfun&#231;&#227;o alv&#233;olo-capilar&#8212;mecanismos que diferem do padr&#227;o t&#237;pico do adulto de aumento das press&#245;es de enchimento e congest&#227;o retr&#243;grada. Dessa forma, estudos em pacientes pedi&#225;tricos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para consolidar o uso do USP.</p>
    <p>Na an&#225;lise de estudos como o de Wu et al., o qual avaliou o hiperfluxo pulmonar em crian&#231;as com CC, se percebe que o USP mostrou desempenho diagn&#243;stico superior ao RX de t&#243;rax. O USP demonstrou sensibilidade e especificidade muito altas, com acur&#225;cia global de 96%, marcadamente maior do que a radiografia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Em outras palavras, o USP se apresenta como uma ferramenta n&#227;o invasiva, reprodut&#237;vel, e que pode facilmente ser utilizada &#224; beira do leito.</p>
    <p>Outro eixo de evid&#234;ncia pedi&#225;trica vem do centro cir&#250;rgico: em ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado com crian&#231;as portadoras de CC sob anestesia geral, Wu et al. observaram que regi&#245;es inferoposteriores concentram maior ocorr&#234;ncia de atelectasia ao USP e s&#227;o mais eficientes para monitorar mudan&#231;as ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o com uso de press&#227;o positiva.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O estudo &#233; relevante por dois motivos: (i) demonstra que o USP n&#227;o &#233; apenas "diagn&#243;stico", mas tamb&#233;m um m&#233;todo de monitoriza&#231;&#227;o din&#226;mica de recrutamento/aera&#231;&#227;o; e (ii) sugere racionaliza&#231;&#227;o do exame, reduzindo tempo ao focar &#225;reas com maior sensibilidade para mudan&#231;a&#8212;uma necessidade real em pediatria, na qual o tempo de exame e a manipula&#231;&#227;o do paciente importam.</p>
    <p>Ao comentar o artigo de Donmez et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> &#233; importante reconhecer seu papel como pe&#231;a relevante na consolida&#231;&#227;o do USP no cuidado de crian&#231;as com CC: ao demonstrar alta frequ&#234;ncia de edema por USP e sua associa&#231;&#227;o com marcadores cl&#237;nicos de gravidade, o estudo contribui para aproximar a pr&#225;tica pedi&#225;trica de uma ferramenta j&#225; bem incorporada na cardiologia do adulto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Em pediatria, entretanto, a heterogeneidade das cardiopatias, os mecanismos distintos de edema e as limita&#231;&#245;es t&#233;cnicas dos m&#233;todos tradicionais &#224; beira do leito refor&#231;am a necessidade de padroniza&#231;&#227;o. Assim, o avan&#231;o do campo depende agora de estudos prospectivos, idealmente multic&#234;ntricos, que definam protocolos por faixa et&#225;ria e cen&#225;rio assistencial (enfermaria, emerg&#234;ncia, perioperat&#243;rio), estabele&#231;am crit&#233;rios operacionais (regi&#245;es de varredura, escores, pontos de corte), avaliem reprodutibilidade interobservador e, sobretudo, testem se estrat&#233;gias guiadas pelo USP modificam conduta e desfechos. Nesse sentido, o artigo de Donmez et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> representa um passo determinante: n&#227;o apenas soma evid&#234;ncias, mas aponta o caminho para que o USP se torne m&#233;todo amplamente aplic&#225;vel, compar&#225;vel entre servi&#231;os e clinicamente acion&#225;vel na CC com potencial de expans&#227;o para a pr&#225;tica pedi&#225;trica em geral.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Aprimorando a Avalia&#231;&#227;o do Edema Pulmonar na Cardiopatia Cong&#234;nita Pedi&#225;trica: O Papel da Ultrassonografia Pulmonar</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wu</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hou</surname>
              <given-names>Q</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bai</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tan</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Modified Lung Ultrasound Examinations in Assessment and Monitoring of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure-Induced Lung Reaeration in Young Children with Congenital Heart Disease Under General Anesthesia</article-title>
          <source>Pediatr Crit Care Med</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>20</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>442</fpage>
          <lpage>449</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/PCC.0000000000001865</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Wu L, Hou Q, Bai J, Zhang J, Sun L, Tan R, et al. Modified Lung Ultrasound Examinations in Assessment and Monitoring of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure-Induced Lung Reaeration in Young Children with Congenital Heart Disease Under General Anesthesia. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2019;20(5):442-9. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000001865.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20260163i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The New Frontier of Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Lung Ultrasound in Congenital Heart Disease</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2634-4632</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Otto</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Estef&#226;nia Bosco</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Brasilia, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital DF Star, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Maria Estefania Otto</bold> &#8226; Pr&#233;dio da Faculdade de Medicina/Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Campus Universit&#225;rio Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte. Postal Code <postal-code>70910- 900</postal-code>, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brazil E-mail: <email>mariaestefaniaotto@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Ultrasonography</kwd>
        <kwd>Point-of-Care Systems</kwd>
        <kwd>Lung</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Edema</kwd>
        <kwd>Congenital Heart Defects</kwd>
        <kwd>Pediatrics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The bedside assessment of pulmonary congestion is undergoing conceptual consolidation: lung ultrasound (LUS) has evolved from being merely an "adjunct" tool to assuming a central role in the identification of extravascular fluid and aeration patterns, with important diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. The article by Donmez et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> directly discusses the role of LUS in the assessment of pulmonary edema in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). In a retrospective cohort of 62 children, the study observed pulmonary edema in 53% by LUS and in 58% by radiography.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Furthermore, the presence of edema by LUS was associated with clinically relevant variables in the clinical picture, such as recurrent respiratory infections, low weight, and elevated BNP<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> levels. These findings reinforce that LUS adds objective and reproducible information to the care of children, in a context where clinical examination can be hampered by low cooperation and bedside radiography may have reduced accuracy due to positioning limitations and technical quality.</p>
      <p>In adults with heart failure, the usefulness of LUS for pulmonary congestion is supported by several clinical studies demonstrating high diagnostic performance and correlation with outcomes. B-lines reflect increased extravascular fluid and, when diffusely present, reclassify the differential diagnosis of dyspnea. Comparison between LUS, biomarkers, and clinical assessment in an outpatient setting has shown that the burden of B-lines can detect subclinical congestion and anticipate the possibility of decompensation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In an acute setting, the systematic implementation of LUS improves diagnostic accuracy for decompensated heart failure,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> and prognostic studies associate congestion detected by LUS with worse short- and long-term outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Reviews and perspective papers in cardiology have highlighted LUS as a rapid, reproducible, and low-cost diagnostic modality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The transposition of this reasoning to pediatrics is attractive, but requires attention to the specificities of the CHD. In children with CHD, pulmonary edema frequently reflects hyperflow, with hydrostatic-oncotic imbalance and alveolar-capillary dysfunction&#8212;mechanisms that differ from the typical adult pattern of increased filling pressures and retrograde congestion. Therefore, studies in pediatric patients are needed to consolidate the use of the LUS.</p>
      <p>In analyzing studies such as that of Wu et al., which evaluated pulmonary hyperflow in children with CHD, it is clear that LUS showed superior diagnostic performance compared to chest X-ray. LUS demonstrated very high sensitivity and specificity, with an overall accuracy of 96%, markedly higher than radiography.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In other words, LUS presents itself as a non-invasive, reproducible tool that can easily be used at the bedside.</p>
      <p>Another line of pediatric evidence comes from the operating room: in a randomized clinical trial with children with CHD under general anesthesia, Wu et al. observed that inferoposterior regions concentrate a higher occurrence of atelectasis on ultrasound and are more efficient for monitoring changes after intervention with positive pressure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The study is relevant for two reasons: (i) it demonstrates that ultrasound is not only "diagnostic" but also a method for dynamic monitoring of recruitment/aeration; and (ii) it suggests rationalizing the examination, reducing time by focusing on areas with greater sensitivity to change&#8212;a real need in pediatrics, where examination time and patient handling matter.</p>
      <p>The article by Donmez et al. should be recognised as a relevant contribution to the consolidation of LUS in the care of children with CHD. By demonstrating a high frequency of ultrasound-detected edema and its association with clinical markers of severity, the study helps advance the incorporation of a tool already well established in adult cardiology into pediatric practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> In CHD, however, the heterogeneity of heart diseases, the distinct mechanisms of edema, and the technical limitations of traditional bedside methods reinforce the need for standardization. Thus, progress in the field now depends on prospective, ideally multicentre, studies designed to establish protocols according to age group and clinical setting (ward, emergency department, and perioperative care). Establish operational criteria (scan regions, scores, cut-off points), evaluate interobserver reproducibility, and, above all, test whether ultrasound scan-guided strategies modify management and outcomes. In this sense, the article by Donmez et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> represents a decisive step: it not only adds evidence but also points the way for LUS to become a widely applicable method, comparable across services and clinically actionable in CHD with the potential for expansion into pediatric practice in general.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Improving Pulmonary Edema Assessment in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease: The Role of Lung Ultrasonography</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
