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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">gZKmNBLbqgs3PVVBmF3hPZS</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000101001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250894</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Amiloidose Card&#237;aca e Inibidores de SGLT2: Sinais, Esperan&#231;a e a Necessidade de Evid&#234;ncias Randomizadas</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1654-4531</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Villacorta</surname>
            <given-names>Humberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Villacorta</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Sterque</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Humberto Villacorta &#8226;</bold> Universidade Federal Fluminense. Rua Desembargador Athayde Parreiras, 100, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares. CEP: <postal-code>24070-090</postal-code>, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>hvillacorta@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250894</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Amiloidose</kwd>
        <kwd>Inibidores do Transportador 2 de S&#243;dio-Glicose</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca secund&#225;ria &#224; amiloidose card&#237;aca continua sendo um dos cen&#225;rios mais desafiadores na medicina cardiovascular contempor&#226;nea. Apesar dos grandes avan&#231;os nas terapias modificadoras da doen&#231;a para amiloidose por transtirretina (ATTR) e por cadeias leves (AL), os desfechos ainda s&#227;o amplamente determinados pela insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca progressiva, disfun&#231;&#227;o renal e &#243;bitos cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> As terapias convencionais para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca s&#227;o frequentemente mal toleradas ou ineficazes nessa cardiomiopatia restritiva, deixando os m&#233;dicos com op&#231;&#245;es limitadas para melhorar o progn&#243;stico. Nesse contexto, a an&#225;lise de dados do mundo real realizada por Nunes et al. fornece evid&#234;ncias oportunas e instigantes que apoiam um papel potencial para os inibidores do cotransportador de s&#243;dio-glicose 2 (SGLT2) nessa popula&#231;&#227;o de alto risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Utilizando dados da rede colaborativa global TriNetX, os autores avaliaram mais de 2.700 pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca devido &#224; amiloidose ATTR ou AL, pareados por escore de propens&#227;o. Em ambos os subtipos de amiloide, o tratamento com inibidores de SGLT2 foi consistentemente associado a redu&#231;&#245;es substanciais na mortalidade por todas as causas, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e eventos renais em 12 meses. A magnitude do benef&#237;cio &#233; impressionante: redu&#231;&#227;o relativa de aproximadamente 50% na mortalidade e melhorias significativas tanto na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca quanto nos desfechos renais. Esses achados ampliam o crescente conjunto de dados observacionais que sugerem que os benef&#237;cios da inibi&#231;&#227;o de SGLT2 podem transcender os fen&#243;tipos e etiologias tradicionais da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e podem ter um papel espec&#237;fico na amiloidose card&#237;aca, como mostrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>O poss&#237;vel papel dos inibidores de SGLT2 na amiloidose card&#237;aca. Pacientes com amiloidose geralmente s&#227;o intolerantes ao tratamento cl&#225;ssico para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Como os inibidores de SGLT2 t&#234;m poucos efeitos hemodin&#226;micos, como hipotens&#227;o, representam uma boa op&#231;&#227;o para tratar pacientes com amiloidose que apresentam insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Al&#233;m disso, os inibidores de SGLT2 podem trazer benef&#237;cios na amiloidose card&#237;aca que v&#227;o al&#233;m do tratamento da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. IC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; SGLT2i: inibidores do cotransportador s&#243;dio-glicose 2.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-01-e20250894-50894-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <p>Diversos aspectos deste estudo merecem destaque. Primeiramente, a inclus&#227;o tanto da amiloidose ATTR quanto da AL &#233; extremamente relevante. Embora a cardiomiopatia ATTR tenha atra&#237;do maior aten&#231;&#227;o recentemente devido aos avan&#231;os no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento, a amiloidose AL permanece particularmente letal, com desfechos intimamente ligados ao comprometimento card&#237;aco e renal. Demonstrar benef&#237;cios relativos semelhantes dos inibidores de SGLT2 em ambas as condi&#231;&#245;es refor&#231;a a plausibilidade biol&#243;gica de um efeito de classe que n&#227;o depende da prote&#237;na precursora amiloide subjacente.</p>
    <p>Em segundo lugar, o estudo aborda desfechos clinicamente relevantes. Mortalidade, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e eventos renais s&#227;o precisamente os desfechos que mais importam para pacientes e m&#233;dicos que tratam amiloidose. O efeito renoprotetor observado &#233; especialmente not&#225;vel, dada a alta preval&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica tanto na amiloidose ATTR quanto na AL, e o papel central da disfun&#231;&#227;o renal na limita&#231;&#227;o das op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas e na piora do progn&#243;stico.</p>
    <p>Do ponto de vista mecan&#237;stico, os benef&#237;cios observados s&#227;o plaus&#237;veis. Os inibidores de SGLT2 exercem uma s&#233;rie de efeitos favor&#225;veis, incluindo melhora da bioenerg&#233;tica mioc&#225;rdica, redu&#231;&#227;o do estresse oxidativo, modula&#231;&#227;o do manuseio intracelular de s&#243;dio e c&#225;lcio e potente a&#231;&#227;o renoprotetora.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Na amiloidose &#8211; onde a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, a sensibilidade ao volume e o comprometimento renal s&#227;o caracter&#237;sticas marcantes &#8211; esses mecanismos podem ser particularmente vantajosos. &#201; importante ressaltar que os inibidores de SGLT2 s&#227;o geralmente bem tolerados e hemodinamicamente neutros,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> caracter&#237;sticas cruciais em pacientes que frequentemente n&#227;o toleram vasodilatadores ou antagonistas neuro-hormonais.</p>
    <p>Contudo, as limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo devem moderar nosso entusiasmo. Como se trata de uma an&#225;lise retrospectiva baseada em registros eletr&#244;nicos de sa&#250;de, os resultados est&#227;o sujeitos a fatores de confus&#227;o residuais, apesar do rigoroso pareamento por escore de propens&#227;o. A falta de dados detalhados sobre a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, o est&#225;gio da amiloidose, a classe funcional e a ades&#227;o ao tratamento limita uma fenotipagem mais aprofundada e insights mecan&#237;sticos. Al&#233;m disso, a exposi&#231;&#227;o ao tratamento foi inferida a partir das prescri&#231;&#245;es, e a interrup&#231;&#227;o durante o acompanhamento n&#227;o p&#244;de ser avaliada de forma confi&#225;vel. Como em todos os estudos observacionais, a causalidade n&#227;o pode ser estabelecida.</p>
    <p>No entanto, &#233; precisamente porque os pacientes com amiloidose card&#237;aca t&#234;m sido sistematicamente exclu&#237;dos de ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados sobre insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca que evid&#234;ncias de alta qualidade do mundo real, como estas, se tornam t&#227;o valiosas. A consist&#234;ncia destes resultados com outros estudos observacionais e meta-an&#225;lises recentes em cardiomiopatia ATTR<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> refor&#231;a o sinal e sublinha uma necessidade urgente ainda n&#227;o atendida: ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados prospectivos com inibidores de SGLT2 especificamente concebidos para pacientes com amiloidose card&#237;aca.</p>
    <p>At&#233; que tais ensaios cl&#237;nicos estejam dispon&#237;veis, os m&#233;dicos precisam lidar com a incerteza. Os dados apresentados por Nunes et al. sugerem que, em pacientes cuidadosamente selecionados com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca devido &#224; amiloidose ATTR ou AL, os inibidores de SGLT2 podem oferecer um benef&#237;cio cl&#237;nico significativo com um perfil de seguran&#231;a aceit&#225;vel. Embora ainda n&#227;o sejam definitivos, esses achados apoiam o uso criterioso e individualizado de inibidores de SGLT2 como parte de uma estrat&#233;gia abrangente para o tratamento da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca na amiloidose.</p>
    <p>Em resumo, este estudo adiciona uma pe&#231;a importante ao quebra-cabe&#231;a em evolu&#231;&#227;o do manejo da amiloidose card&#237;aca. Ele desafia a antiga descren&#231;a terap&#234;utica em torno do tratamento da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca nessa popula&#231;&#227;o e convida a comunidade cardiovascular a reconsiderar o papel dos inibidores de SGLT2 al&#233;m das indica&#231;&#245;es convencionais. A mensagem &#233; clara: a porta est&#225; aberta &#8211; agora &#233; hora de os ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados nos dizerem at&#233; onde podemos ir.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Inibidores do Cotransportador de S&#243;dio-Glicose 2 em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca e Amiloidose por Transtirretina ou de Cadeias Leves: An&#225;lise do Mundo Real</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250894i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiac Amyloidosis and SGLT2 Inhibitors: Signal, Hope, and the Need for Randomized Evidence</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1654-4531</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Villacorta</surname>
            <given-names>Humberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Villacorta</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Sterque</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Humberto Villacorta &#8226;</bold> Universidade Federal Fluminense. Rua Desembargador Athayde Parreiras, 100, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares. Postal Code <postal-code>24070-090</postal-code>, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>hvillacorta@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Amyloidosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Heart failure secondary to cardiac amyloidosis remains one of the most challenging scenarios in contemporary cardiovascular medicine. Despite major advances in disease-modifying therapies for both transthyretin (ATTR) and light-chain (AL) amyloidosis, outcomes are still largely driven by progressive heart failure, renal dysfunction, and cardiovascular deaths.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Conventional heart failure therapies are often poorly tolerated or ineffective in this restrictive cardiomyopathy, leaving clinicians with limited options to improve prognosis. In this context, the real-world analysis by Nunes et al. provides timely and provocative evidence supporting a potential role for sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in this high-risk population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Using data from the TriNetX global collaborative network, the authors evaluated more than 2,700 propensity score-matched patients with heart failure due to ATTR or AL amyloidosis. Across both amyloid subtypes, treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors was consistently associated with substantial reductions in all-cause mortality, hospitalization, and renal events at 12 months. The magnitude of benefit is striking: approximately 50% relative reduction in mortality and meaningful improvements in both heart failure and renal outcomes. These findings extend the growing body of observational data suggesting that the benefits of SGLT2 inhibition may transcend traditional heart failure phenotypes and etiologies, and may have a specific role in cardiac amyloidosis, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>The possible role of SGLT2i in cardiac amyloidosis. Patients with amyloidosis are usually intolerant of the classic HF treatment. Since SGLT2i have little hemodynamic effects, such as hypotension, it is a good option to treat patients with amyloidosis who present with HF. Additionally, SGLT2i may have benefits in cardiac amyloidosis beyond the treatment of HF. HF: heart failure; SGLT2i: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-123-01-e20250894-50894-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Several aspects of this study deserve emphasis. First, the inclusion of both ATTR and AL amyloidosis is highly relevant. While ATTR cardiomyopathy has recently attracted increased attention due to advances in diagnosis and treatment, AL amyloidosis remains particularly lethal, with outcomes closely linked to cardiac and renal involvement. Demonstrating similar relative benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors in both conditions strengthens the biological plausibility of a class effect that is not dependent on the underlying amyloid precursor protein.</p>
      <p>Second, the study addresses clinically meaningful endpoints. Mortality, hospitalization, and renal events are precisely the outcomes that matter most to patients and clinicians managing amyloidosis. The observed renoprotective effect is especially noteworthy given the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease in both ATTR and AL amyloidosis and the central role of renal dysfunction in limiting therapeutic options and worsening prognosis.</p>
      <p>Mechanistically, the benefits observed are plausible. SGLT2 inhibitors exert a constellation of favorable effects, including improved myocardial energetics, reduced oxidative stress, modulation of intracellular sodium and calcium handling, and potent renoprotective actions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In amyloidosis &#8211; where diastolic dysfunction, volume sensitivity, and renal involvement are hallmarks &#8211; these mechanisms may be particularly advantageous. Importantly, SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well tolerated and hemodynamically neutral,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> features that are critical in patients who often cannot tolerate vasodilators or neurohormonal antagonists.</p>
      <p>Nonetheless, the study's limitations must temper our enthusiasm. As a retrospective analysis based on electronic health records, the findings are subject to residual confounding despite rigorous propensity score matching. The lack of detailed data on left ventricular ejection fraction, amyloid disease stage, functional class, and treatment adherence limits deeper phenotyping and mechanistic insights. Moreover, treatment exposure was inferred from prescriptions, and discontinuation during follow-up could not be reliably assessed. As with all observational studies, causality cannot be established.</p>
      <p>Yet, it is precisely because patients with cardiac amyloidosis have been systematically excluded from randomized heart failure trials that high-quality real-world evidence such as this becomes so valuable. The consistency of these results with other recent observational studies and meta-analyses in ATTR cardiomyopathy<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> strengthens the signal and underscores an urgent unmet need: prospective randomized trials of SGLT2 inhibitors specifically designed for patients with cardiac amyloidosis.</p>
      <p>Until such trials are available, clinicians are left to navigate uncertainty. The data presented by Nunes et al. suggest that, in carefully selected patients with heart failure due to ATTR or AL amyloidosis, SGLT2 inhibitors may offer meaningful clinical benefit with an acceptable safety profile. While not yet definitive, these findings support thoughtful, individualized use of SGLT2 inhibitors as part of a comprehensive heart failure strategy in amyloidosis.</p>
      <p>In summary, this study adds an important piece to the evolving puzzle of cardiac amyloidosis management. It challenges the long-held therapeutic disbelief surrounding heart failure treatment in this population and invites the cardiovascular community to reconsider the role of SGLT2 inhibitors beyond conventional indications. The message is clear: the door is open &#8211; now it is time for randomized trials to tell us how far we can walk through it.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients with Heart Failure and Transthyretin or Light Chain Amyloidosis: A Real-World Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
