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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">RSx4HfRNGCzfB4xxK9Pfphy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2026000104201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">04201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250653</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Treinamento Resistido Tamb&#233;m Deve Ser Considerado um Componente Obrigat&#243;rio?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3750-2517</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Abrahin</surname>
            <given-names>Odilon</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Par&#225;</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Laborat&#243;rio de Exerc&#237;cio Resistido e Sa&#250;de</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Reabilita&#231;&#227;o e Desempenho Funcional - Laborat&#243;rio de Exerc&#237;cio Resistido e Sa&#250;de - Universidade do Estado do Par&#225; (UEPA), Bel&#233;m, PA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Odilon Abrahin</bold> &#8226; Universidade do Estado do Par&#225; (UEPA) - Jo&#227;o Paulo II, Campus III. CEP <postal-code>66113-200</postal-code>, Bel&#233;m, PA - Brasil E-mail: <email>odilonsalim@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>123</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250653</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="reply" id="r2" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20260362" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Treino Aer&#243;bico</kwd>
        <kwd>Treinamento Resistido</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Li com interesse as Diretrizes Brasileiras para Hipertens&#227;o 2025, especificamente o Cap&#237;tulo 6: Medidas N&#227;o Farmacol&#243;gicas (Atividade F&#237;sica e Exerc&#237;cio). Embora a diretriz atual<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> apresente aplica&#231;&#245;es pr&#225;ticas interessantes para o treinamento aer&#243;bio, algumas quest&#245;es metodol&#243;gicas podem ser de interesse para os leitores, especialmente no que diz respeito &#224; pr&#225;tica do treinamento resistido (TR) em pacientes hipertensos.</p>
    <p>A diretriz<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> afirma que o treinamento aer&#243;bico &#233; um componente obrigat&#243;rio, enquanto o TR &#233; considerado apenas complementar. No entanto, essa abordagem subestima a relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica do TR. Diretrizes internacionais recentes<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> recomendam um programa de exerc&#237;cios estruturado que inclua tanto exerc&#237;cios aer&#243;bicos quanto TR. Notavelmente, a Sociedade Japonesa de Hipertens&#227;o<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> destaca que a pr&#225;tica regular de exerc&#237;cios aer&#243;bicos e TR &#233; igualmente eficaz na redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial, sendo, portanto, fortemente recomendada a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de ambos.</p>
    <p>A Declara&#231;&#227;o Cient&#237;fica da American Heart Association de 2025&#178; recomenda o TR em intensidades moderadas a altas (50&#8211;80% de 1RM, 6 exerc&#237;cios, 3 s&#233;ries/exerc&#237;cio, 10 repeti&#231;&#245;es/s&#233;rie, 90-150 min/semana). O TR demonstrou reduzir a press&#227;o arterial em repouso em indiv&#237;duos tanto sem hipertens&#227;o (&#8722;2 a &#8722;5 mmHg sist&#243;lica) quanto com hipertens&#227;o (&#8722;2 a &#8722;7 mmHg sist&#243;lica), com base em mecanismos vasculares,&#179; incluindo melhorias na fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial, capacidade vasodilatadora e condut&#226;ncia vascular.</p>
    <p>Uma metan&#225;lise<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> de ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados (5065 pacientes hipertensos) mostrou que todos os tipos de exerc&#237;cio (aer&#243;bico, treinamento resistido din&#226;mico, treinamento resistido isom&#233;trico e combinado) reduziram significativamente a press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica e diast&#243;lica em compara&#231;&#227;o com a aus&#234;ncia de exerc&#237;cio. Al&#233;m disso, os resultados demonstraram que o TR din&#226;mico tem um efeito anti-hipertensivo semelhante ao do exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bico em pacientes hipertensos, sendo ambos fortemente recomendados.</p>
    <p>Evid&#234;ncias epidemiol&#243;gicas indicam que atividades de fortalecimento muscular est&#227;o associadas a um risco reduzido de mortalidade por todas as causas e morbidade e mortalidade por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Adultos que participam de TR apresentam um risco aproximadamente 15% menor de mortalidade por todas as causas e 17% menor de DCV, em compara&#231;&#227;o com adultos que n&#227;o praticam TR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Estudos pr&#233;vios<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> relataram que a for&#231;a muscular possui propriedades cardioprotetoras e que n&#237;veis mais elevados de for&#231;a muscular est&#227;o associados a menores taxas de mortalidade tanto na popula&#231;&#227;o em geral<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> quanto em pessoas hipertensas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, o TR contribui para melhorias no controle glic&#234;mico, perfil lip&#237;dico, composi&#231;&#227;o corporal e fun&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Resultados que impactam diretamente o risco cardiovascular e a ades&#227;o a longo prazo na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>A hipertens&#227;o &#233; a doen&#231;a cardiovascular mais comum em idosos. Mais de 60% dos idosos apresentam hipertens&#227;o, caracterizada por alta preval&#234;ncia e baixa taxa de controle da press&#227;o arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O processo de envelhecimento est&#225; associado ao aumento da rigidez arterial,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> bem como &#224; diminui&#231;&#227;o progressiva da massa muscular, for&#231;a, pot&#234;ncia e densidade mineral &#243;ssea. Todas essas altera&#231;&#245;es morfofuncionais podem ser atenuadas ou minimizadas por meio do TR. Diante dessas evid&#234;ncias, o TR n&#227;o deve ser considerado meramente complementar,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> mas sim uma estrat&#233;gia coprim&#225;ria, juntamente com o exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bico, no tratamento e controle da hipertens&#227;o.</p>
    <p>&#192; luz dessas evid&#234;ncias, o TR din&#226;mico n&#227;o deve ser visto como meramente complementar, mas sim como uma estrat&#233;gia coprim&#225;ria, juntamente com o treinamento aer&#243;bico, para o tratamento e controle da hipertens&#227;o. Al&#233;m disso, o TR &#233; uma op&#231;&#227;o valiosa para indiv&#237;duos com baixa toler&#226;ncia ao exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bico (incapacidade f&#237;sica) e limita&#231;&#245;es osteomusculares.&#179; O objetivo central deste coment&#225;rio n&#227;o &#233; diminuir os benef&#237;cios bem estabelecidos do exerc&#237;cio aer&#243;bico, mas sim enfatizar que o TR din&#226;mico tamb&#233;m deve ser considerado um componente obrigat&#243;rio para maximizar os benef&#237;cios cardiovasculares e cardiometab&#243;licos. Adotar essa abordagem aproximaria as Diretrizes Brasileiras das recomenda&#231;&#245;es globais e maximizaria sua aplicabilidade em diversos contextos cl&#237;nicos.</p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250653i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Should Resistance Training Also Be Considered a Mandatory Component?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3750-2517</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Abrahin</surname>
            <given-names>Odilon</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bel&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Reabilita&#231;&#227;o e Desempenho Funcional - Laborat&#243;rio de Exerc&#237;cio Resistido e Sa&#250;de - Universidade do Estado do Par&#225; (UEPA), Bel&#233;m, PA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Odilon Abrahin</bold> &#8226; Universidade do Estado do Par&#225; (UEPA) - Jo&#227;o Paulo II, Campus III. Postal Code <postal-code>66113-200</postal-code>, Bel&#233;m, PA - Brazil E-mail: <email>odilonsalim@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Endurance Training</kwd>
        <kwd>Resistance Training</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Pressure</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>I have read with interest the Brazilian Guidelines for Hypertension 2025, specifically Chapter 6: Nonpharmacological Measures (Physical Activity and Exercise). Although the current guideline<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> has interesting practical applications for endurance training, some methodological issues might be of interest to readers, especially regarding the practice of resistance training (RT) for hypertensive patients.</p>
      <p>The guideline<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> states that aerobic training is a mandatory component, whereas RT is considered only complementary. However, this approach underestimates the clinical relevance of RT. Recent international guidelines<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> recommend a structured exercise program that includes both aerobic exercise and/or RT. Notably, the Japanese Society of Hypertension<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> highlights that regular aerobic and RT are equally effective in lowering blood pressure, and both are therefore strongly recommended.</p>
      <p>The 2025 American Heart Association Scientific Statement<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> recommends RT at moderate-to-high intensities (50&#8211;80% of 1RM, 6 exercises, 3 sets/exercise, 10 repetitions/set, 90-150 min/wk). RT has been shown to reduce resting blood pressure in individuals both without hypertension (&#8722;2 to &#8722;5 mmHg systolic) and with hypertension (&#8722;2 to &#8722;7 mmHg systolic), supported by vascular mechanisms<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> including improvements in endothelial function, vasodilatory capacity, and vascular conductance.</p>
      <p>A meta-analysis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> of randomized controlled trials (5065 hypertensive patients) showed that all exercise (aerobic, dynamic RT, isometric RT, and combined) significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to non-exercise. In addition, the results demonstrated that dynamic RT has a similar antihypertensive effect to aerobic exercise in hypertensive patients, and both are strongly recommended.</p>
      <p>Epidemiological evidence indicates that muscle-strengthening activities are associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Adults who participate in RT have &#8776;15% lower risk of all-cause mortality and 17% lower risk of CVD, compared with adults who report no RT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Previous studies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> have reported that muscle strength has cardioprotective properties and that higher levels of muscle strength are associated with lower mortality rates in both the general population<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> and hypertensive people.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Furthermore, RT contributes to improvements in glycemic control, lipid profile, body composition, and physical function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Outcomes that directly impact cardiovascular risk and long-term adherence in real-world practice.</p>
      <p>Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease in older adults. More than 60% of older present hypertension, characterized by a high prevalence and low rate of blood pressure control.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The aging process is associated with increased arterial stiffness,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> as well as progressive declines in muscle mass, strength, power, and bone mineral density. All of these morphofunctional changes can be attenuated or minimized through RT. Therefore, RT should not be regarded as merely complementary,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> but rather as a co-primary strategy alongside aerobic exercise in the treatment and control of hypertension.</p>
      <p>In light of this evidence, dynamic RT should not be viewed as merely complementary but rather as a co-primary strategy, alongside aerobic training, for the treatment and control of hypertension. Moreover, RT is a valuable option for individuals with low tolerance to aerobic exercise (physical incapacity) and osteomuscular limitations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The central purpose of this comment is not to diminish the well-established benefits of aerobic exercise, but to emphasise that dynamic RT must also be considered a mandatory component to maximize the cardiovascular and cardiometabolic benefits. Adopting such an approach would bring the Brazilian Guidelines into closer alignment with global recommendations and maximize their applicability in diverse clinical settings.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
