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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">Qtyrhx3RR5t4vK7X59SG49J</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025001100701</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250175</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00701</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Pulmonar com Envolvimento Venoso Associado &#224; Esclerose Sist&#234;mica &#8211; uma Nova Variante Patog&#234;nica no Gene ABCC8</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-0277-7398</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cazeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel In&#225;cio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">*</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-6758-0772</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cravo</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">*</xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>In&#225;cio</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0274-4313</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moldovan</surname>
            <given-names>Oana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Catarina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1709-6283</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Resende</surname>
            <given-names>Catarina Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Eurico</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8034-4529</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinto</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4164-5481</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pl&#225;cido</surname>
            <given-names>Rui</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Lisbon</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Lisbon</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Faculty of Medicine</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria, CAML, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Lisbon</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Medicine</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Radiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Radiology, Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Lisbon</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Medicine</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Medical Genetics</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Medical Genetics, Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Center for Disease Mechanisms Research</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Center for Disease Mechanisms Research, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Daniel In&#225;cio Cazeiro</bold> &#8226; Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Hospital de Santa Maria (Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria), <postal-code>1649-035</postal-code>, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>danielcazeiro@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="equal" id="fn1">
          <label>*</label>
          <p>Os autores contribu&#237;ram igualmente para este trabalho</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Nat&#225;lia Olivetti</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250175</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Gen&#233;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Terap&#234;utica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Uma mulher de 48 anos, de origem guineense-bissauense, com hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, se apresentou no Pronto-Socorro com hist&#243;rico de 5 meses de piora da fadiga, dispneia e edema perif&#233;rico. Trabalhava como faxineira, sem exposi&#231;&#227;o ocupacional e sem hist&#243;rico familiar de hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar (HAP). Na admiss&#227;o, apresentava hipoxemia, estertores crepitantes bibasais &#224; ausculta e edema nos membros inferiores. O exame f&#237;sico revelou telangiectasias palmares.</p>
    <p>A investiga&#231;&#227;o inicial revelou hipoxemia e n&#237;veis elevados de NT-proBNP. O eletrocardiograma mostrou desvio do eixo para a direita e sinais de hipertrofia ventricular direita. A angiotomografia computadorizada do t&#243;rax (angioTC) excluiu embolia pulmonar e revelou opacidades bilaterais em vidro fosco, dilata&#231;&#227;o das c&#226;maras card&#237;acas direitas e da art&#233;ria pulmonar (AP) &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1A</xref> &#8211; e dilata&#231;&#227;o esof&#225;gica difusa. O ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico demonstrou ventr&#237;culo esquerdo em forma de D, dilata&#231;&#227;o das c&#226;maras card&#237;acas direitas, insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide grave e alta probabilidade ecocardiogr&#225;fica de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar (HP).</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>A) Capilaroscopia com padr&#227;o de esclerodermia ativa - perda moderada da densidade capilar, capilares gigantes (setas) e micro-hemorragias (ponta de seta) s&#227;o evidentes. B) Angiotomografia computadorizada de t&#243;rax com contraste pulmonar demonstra dilata&#231;&#227;o do &#225;trio e do ventr&#237;culo direitos, compat&#237;vel com hipertens&#227;o pulmonar. C) Imagens axiais de tomografia computadorizada de t&#243;rax de acompanhamento mostrando linfadenopatia hilar e subcarinal bilateral. D) Imagens axiais pulmonares mostrando opacidades em vidro fosco bilaterais difusas nos lobos inferiores.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-11-e20250175-50175-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <p>A paciente foi internada e iniciou oxigenoterapia (OT) e furosemida, com melhora cl&#237;nica. Uma equipe multidisciplinar realizou investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica adicional para HP. A capilaroscopia revelou capilares gigantes e micro-hemorragias, compat&#237;veis com esclerodermia ativa (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1B</xref>). Os testes imunol&#243;gicos detectaram altos t&#237;tulos de anticorpos antinucleares e anticentr&#244;mero B. Os testes de fun&#231;&#227;o pulmonar (TFP) revelaram uma redu&#231;&#227;o isolada e grave da capacidade de difus&#227;o de mon&#243;xido de carbono (DLCO) &#8211; 53% do previsto. As sorologias para HIV e hepatite B/C foram negativas. A ultrassonografia abdominal e a cintilografia de ventila&#231;&#227;o-perfus&#227;o n&#227;o apresentaram altera&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>O cateterismo card&#237;aco direito confirmou HP pr&#233;-capilar, com teste de vasorreatividade negativo.</p>
    <p>Um painel de sequenciamento de nova gera&#231;&#227;o (NGS) de 16 genes envolvidos na fisiopatologia da HAP identificou uma variante heterozig&#243;tica patog&#234;nica no gene ABCC8 (NM_000352.6:c.4306C&gt;T; p. Arg1436Te). O NGS foi realizado utilizando a tecnologia Twist Bioscience e um sequenciador NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina<sup>&#174;</sup>). A an&#225;lise de CNV foi realizada atrav&#233;s do software DRAGEN (vers&#227;o 07.021.572.3.6.3). Nenhuma outra variante foi identificada no painel. Um resumo das caracter&#237;sticas e da localiza&#231;&#227;o da variante patog&#234;nica pode ser encontrado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> e na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>, respectivamente.</p>
    <table-wrap id="t1">
      <label>Tabela 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Resumo das caracter&#237;sticas da variante patog&#234;nica ABCC8 identificada no paciente</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
        <colgroup width="49%">
          <col width="1%"/>
          <col/>
          <col/>
        </colgroup>
        <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
          <tr style="background-color:#69A0B8">
            <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">Nomenclatura HGVS</th>
            <th align="center" valign="middle">ABCC8(NM_000352.6):c.4306C&gt;T; p.(Arg1436Ter)</th>
          </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
              <bold>Anota&#231;&#227;o cromoss&#244;mica</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">chr11:17395611C&gt;T</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
              <bold>Localiza&#231;&#227;o</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">11p15.1, exon 35, c&#243;don 1436</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
              <bold>Modo de heran&#231;a</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">Autoss&#244;mico dominante/recessivo</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
              <bold>Zigosidade</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">Heterozigoto (frequ&#234;ncia al&#233;lica de 47%)</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
              <bold>Impacto da codifica&#231;&#227;o</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">Nonsense</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
              <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o ACMG</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">Patog&#234;nico (PVS1, PM2, PS4)</td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
              <bold>Frequ&#234;ncia populacional</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">GnomAD Exomas: 0,00000358<break/> Genomas GnomAD: 0,00000657</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="3">
              <bold>Pontua&#231;&#245;es patog&#234;nicas:</bold>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; CADD (escala Phred)</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">37</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; DANN</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">0,99</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; GERP++</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">&gt;5,0</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; Muta&#231;&#227;oTaster 2025</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">Delet&#233;rio</td>
          </tr>
          <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
            <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; Previs&#227;o NMD</td>
            <td align="center" valign="top">Positivo</td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
      <table-wrap-foot>
        <fn id="TFN1">
          <p>Dados extra&#237;dos do ClinVar,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> VarSome,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Bohnen et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> e Lago-Docampo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
        </fn>
      </table-wrap-foot>
    </table-wrap>
    <fig id="f2">
      <label>Figura 2</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Localiza&#231;&#227;o estrutural da variante p. Arg1436Ter da ABCC8. Estrutura de dom&#237;nio da prote&#237;na SUR1 (ABCC8) mostrando a localiza&#231;&#227;o da variante p. Arg1436Ter (linha vermelha). A variante trunca o segundo dom&#237;nio de liga&#231;&#227;o a nucleot&#237;deos (NBD2), podendo levar &#224; perda de fun&#231;&#227;o da subunidade SUR1.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-11-e20250175-50175-gf02.tif"/></fig>
    <p>Esses achados confirmaram o diagn&#243;stico de HAP associada &#224; esclerose sist&#234;mica (ES) - forma limitada. Foi iniciada terapia vasodilatadora com tadalafila e anbrisentana. O paciente recebeu alta no 27&#186; dia de interna&#231;&#227;o, mantendo o uso de diur&#233;ticos.</p>
    <p>Duas semanas depois, ela foi readmitida com piora dos sintomas e hipoxemia. A angioTC mostrou opacidades bilaterais em vidro fosco centrolobulares, linfadenopatia subcarinal e hilar &#8211; s <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1C</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">1D</xref>. Foi realizado um teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6M), com dist&#226;ncia percorrida de 102 metros e dessatura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio acentuada (nadir de 72%). Os TFP mostraram deteriora&#231;&#227;o adicional da capacidade de DLCO (42% do previsto).</p>
    <p>Considerando a piora cl&#237;nica ap&#243;s a terapia vasodilatadora e os achados radiol&#243;gicos, se refor&#231;ou o diagn&#243;stico presuntivo de HAP com envolvimento venoso, o que levou &#224; suspens&#227;o do tadalafil. A paciente recebeu alta com ambrisentana e foi encaminhada para transplante pulmonar (TP).</p>
    <p>Nos meses seguintes, a paciente apresentou m&#250;ltiplas reinterna&#231;&#245;es devido ao agravamento dos sintomas. Tentou-se um tratamento experimental com metilprednisolona intravenosa e micofenolato de mofetila, com melhora sintom&#225;tica de curto prazo. No entanto, foi reinternada novamente 4 meses depois. A paciente permanece em acompanhamento ambulatorial, na classe funcional III da OMS, aguardando transplante hep&#225;tico.</p>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>A HAP com envolvimento venoso/capilar (anteriormente denominada doen&#231;a veno-oclusiva pulmonar [DVOP]/hemangiomatose capilar) &#233; uma forma rara e grave de HAP, com incid&#234;ncia de 0,1 a 0,5 casos/milh&#227;o/ano.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Essa condi&#231;&#227;o compreende um processo fibroproliferativo dos compartimentos venosos e capilares pulmonares, com oclus&#227;o de pequenas veias causada por hipertrofia do m&#250;sculo liso e deposi&#231;&#227;o de col&#225;geno.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O diagn&#243;stico de DVOP &#233; desafiador devido &#224; sua apresenta&#231;&#227;o inespec&#237;fica, que muitas vezes mimetiza a HAP. Al&#233;m disso, a confirma&#231;&#227;o histol&#243;gica por bi&#243;psia pulmonar &#233; contraindicada devido ao risco significativo de hemorragia. Certas caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e de imagem podem facilitar um diagn&#243;stico presuntivo, incluindo achados t&#237;picos na angioTC &#8211; opacidades em vidro fosco centrolobulares, linhas septais e linfadenopatia mediastinal, redu&#231;&#227;o acentuada da DLCO nos TFP e nadir de baixa satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio durante o TC6M.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A DVOP se manifesta de duas formas: heredit&#225;ria, associada a muta&#231;&#245;es bial&#233;licas autoss&#244;micas recessivas no gene EIF2AK4,&#179; e espor&#225;dica, que se apresenta mais tarde na vida e com maior frequ&#234;ncia em homens.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Diversos fatores de risco est&#227;o associados &#224; DVOP espor&#225;dica, incluindo exposi&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via &#224; quimioterapia (particularmente agentes alquilantes)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> ao tabaco<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e a solventes org&#226;nicos como o tricloroetileno.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, o envolvimento venoso foi observado na HAP associada a doen&#231;as do tecido conjuntivo (HAP-DTC), particularmente na ES.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A DVOP pode coexistir ou surgir como uma complica&#231;&#227;o da ES, levando &#224; HP por meio de remodelamento venoso p&#243;s-capilar distinto. O mecanismo fisiopatol&#243;gico subjacente da congest&#227;o alveolar observada clinicamente &#8212; aumento do ac&#250;mulo de fluido alveolar ap&#243;s terapia vasodilatadora &#8212; &#233; atribu&#237;do principalmente &#224; eleva&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o hidrost&#225;tica secund&#225;ria ao remodelamento adverso da vasculatura p&#243;s-capilar, envolvendo especificamente as v&#234;nulas pulmonares. Mecanicamente, esse remodelamento adverso n&#227;o &#233; exclusivo da DVOP idiop&#225;tica, mas &#233; observado consistentemente em v&#225;rias formas, incluindo aquelas associadas &#224; ES, induzidas por medicamentos ou casos idiop&#225;ticos. Nesses casos, os pacientes podem apresentar resposta reduzida ou mesmo piora cl&#237;nica ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio de terapias vasodilatadoras.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Nossa paciente apresentou caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e laboratoriais indicativas de HAP associada &#224; ES. Sua subsequente deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio da terapia vasodilatadora, em conjunto com os achados radiol&#243;gicos, a redu&#231;&#227;o da DLCO e a dessatura&#231;&#227;o no TC6M, sugeriram fortemente o diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a veno-oclusiva pulmonar.</p>
      <p>O tratamento da DVOP envolve medidas de suporte, incluindo oxitocina e diur&#233;ticos, al&#233;m do encaminhamento precoce para transplante hep&#225;tico. As terapias espec&#237;ficas para HAP t&#234;m efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a incertas, como demonstrado neste caso, em que a suspens&#227;o dos vasodilatadores foi necess&#225;ria para evitar maior deteriora&#231;&#227;o do quadro cl&#237;nico.</p>
      <p>Apesar disso, o paciente ainda apresentou m&#250;ltiplas reinterna&#231;&#245;es. Essa evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica est&#225; de acordo com a literatura, com r&#225;pida progress&#227;o dos sintomas e morbidade e mortalidade consider&#225;veis &#8211; a maioria dos pacientes morre ou necessita de transplante hep&#225;tico em at&#233; dois anos ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Assim, na aus&#234;ncia de terapias eficazes, optou-se pelo encaminhamento precoce para transplante hep&#225;tico.</p>
      <p>Em nosso caso, foi realizado um teste com medicamentos imunossupressores, com melhora dos sintomas e sem reinterna&#231;&#245;es nos quatro meses subsequentes. Embora se acredite que a inflama&#231;&#227;o contribua para a fisiopatologia da DVOP e da HAP, e alguns relatos tenham sugerido melhora cl&#237;nica e hemodin&#226;mica com agentes imunossupressores/antiproliferativos, mais pesquisas s&#227;o necess&#225;rias antes que essas abordagens possam ser recomendadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em 2018, novas variantes patog&#234;nicas foram identificadas no gene <italic>ABCC8</italic>, associadas &#224; HAP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> O gene <italic>ABCC8</italic> codifica o receptor de sulfonilureia 1, uma subunidade regulat&#243;ria do canal de pot&#225;ssio sens&#237;vel ao ATP. Em uma coorte espanhola de pacientes com HAP, variantes do <italic>ABCC8</italic> foram identificadas em 11 indiv&#237;duos, dois dos quais apresentavam HAP-DTC, sendo que um deles manifestava-se com DVOP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Este paciente era portador de uma variante patog&#234;nica do <italic>ABCC8</italic>, que havia sido associada apenas a hiperinsulinismo cong&#234;nito e diabetes neonatal (ClinVar VCV000035617.15). At&#233; onde sabemos, este &#233; o primeiro caso relatado de HAP-DTC associada a essa variante e o segundo caso envolvendo uma variante patog&#234;nica do <italic>ABCC8</italic> em conjunto com evid&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas de envolvimento venoso. Infelizmente, a segrega&#231;&#227;o parental n&#227;o p&#244;de ser investigada devido &#224;s limita&#231;&#245;es geogr&#225;ficas. Estudos adicionais s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para esclarecer o papel do <italic>ABCC8</italic> na fisiopatologia da HAP-DTC e da DVOP.</p>
      <p>Para concluir, a DVOP representa um subtipo de HP altamente m&#243;rbido e com progn&#243;stico reservado. O reconhecimento precoce de suas caracter&#237;sticas &#233; essencial para o encaminhamento oportuno ao transplante hep&#225;tico, enfatizando que esses pacientes devem ser acompanhados em centros especializados em HP. Relatamos um caso raro e complexo de HAP associada &#224; ES, caracterizada n&#227;o apenas por envolvimento venoso, mas tamb&#233;m por uma variante patog&#234;nica previamente n&#227;o descrita no gene <italic>ABCC8</italic>.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn2">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
        <label>Uso de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</label>
        <p>Os autores n&#227;o utilizaram ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
      <title>Disponibilidade de Dados</title>
      <p>Os conte&#250;dos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa est&#227;o contidos no manuscrito.</p>
    </sec>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250175i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Systemic Sclerosis Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension with Venous Involvement &#8211; a Novel ABCC8 Pathogenic Variant</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-0277-7398</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cazeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel In&#225;cio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn6">*</xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-6758-0772</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cravo</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn6">*</xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>In&#225;cio</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o R.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0274-4313</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Moldovan</surname>
            <given-names>Oana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Catarina</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1709-6283</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Resende</surname>
            <given-names>Catarina Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Eurico</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8034-4529</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pinto</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4164-5481</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pl&#225;cido</surname>
            <given-names>Rui</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Rheumatology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria, CAML, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Radiology, Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Medical Genetics, Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria, CAML, CCUL@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Lisbon</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Center for Disease Mechanisms Research, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Daniel In&#225;cio Cazeiro</bold> &#8226; Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, Hospital de Santa Maria (Unidade Local de Sa&#250;de de Santa Maria), <postal-code>1649-035</postal-code>, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal -mail: <email>danielcazeiro@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="coi-statement">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="equal" id="fn6">
          <label>*</label>
          <p>The authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Nat&#225;lia Olivetti</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Genetics</kwd>
        <kwd>Therapeutics</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement><bold>Sources of funding</bold> There were no external funding sources for this study.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A 48-year-old Bissau-Guinean woman with systemic hypertension presented to the emergency department with a 5-month history of worsening fatigue, dyspnea, and peripheral edema. She worked as a cleaner, with no occupational exposures, and had no family history of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). On admission, she was hypoxemic, with bibasilar crackles on auscultation and lower limb edema. Further examination revealed palmar telangiectasias.</p>
      <p>Initial investigation revealed hypoxemia and elevated NT-proBNP. The electrocardiogram showed right-axis deviation and signs of right ventricular hypertrophy. Chest computed tomography angiography (CCTA) excluded pulmonary embolism and revealed bilateral ground-glass opacities, dilation of right heart chambers, and pulmonary artery (PA) &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1A</xref> &#8211; and diffuse esophageal dilation. Transthoracic echocardiogram depicted a D-shaped left ventricle, right heart chamber dilation, severe tricuspid regurgitation, and high echocardiographic probability of pulmonary hypertension (PH).</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>A) Capillaroscopy with active scleroderma pattern - moderate loss of capillary density, giant capillaries (arrows), and microhemorrhages (arrowhead) are evident. B) Chest CT pulmonary angiography demonstrates right atrial and ventricular dilatation, compatible with pulmonary hypertension. C) Follow-up chest CT mediastinal axial images showing bilateral hilar and subcarinal lymphadenopathy. D) Lung axial images depicting diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities in the lower lobes.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-11-e20250175-50175-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>The patient was admitted and started on oxygen therapy (OT) and furosemide, with clinical improvement. Further diagnostic work-up of PH was performed by a multidisciplinary team. Capillaroscopy showed giant capillaries and microhemorrhages, consistent with active scleroderma &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figure 1B</xref>. Immunology testing detected high titers of antinuclear and anticentromere B antibodies. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) revealed an isolated, severely reduced diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) - 53% of predicted. Serologies for HIV and Hepatitis B/C were negative. Abdominal ultrasound and ventilation-perfusion scans were unremarkable.</p>
      <p>Right heart catheterization confirmed precapillary PH, with a negative vasoreactivity test.</p>
      <p>A next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel of 16 genes involved in the pathophysiology of PAH identified a pathogenic heterozygous variant in the <italic>ABCC8</italic> gene (NM_000352.6:c.4306C&gt;T; p. Arg1436Te). NGS was performed using the technology Twist Bioscience and a NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina<sup>&#174;</sup>) sequencer. CNV analysis was performed through DRAGEN software (version 07.021.572.3.6.3). No other variants were identified in the panel. A summary of the characteristics and location of the pathogenic variant can be found in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 2</xref>, respectively.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Summary of the characteristics of the identified ABCC8 pathogenic variant in the patient</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="49%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#69A0B8">
              <th align="left" valign="middle" colspan="2">HGVS nomenclature</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">ABCC8(NM_000352.6):c.4306C&gt;T; p.(Arg1436Ter)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
                <bold>Chromosomal annotation</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">chr11:17395611C&gt;T</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
                <bold>Location</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">11p15.1, exon 35, codon 1436</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
                <bold>Mode of inheritance</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Autosomal dominant/recessive</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
                <bold>Zygosity</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Heterozygous (allele frequency 47%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
                <bold>Coding impact</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Nonsense</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
                <bold>ACMG Classification</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Pathogenic (PVS1, PM2, PS4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="2">
                <bold>Population frequency</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">GnomAD Exomes: 0.00000358<break/> GnomAD Genomes: 0.00000657</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top" colspan="3">Pathogenic scores:</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; CADD (phred-scaled)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">37</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; DANN</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">0.99</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; GERP++</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">&gt;5.0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; MutationTaster 2025</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Deleterious</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">&#10146; NMD Prediction</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">Positive</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>Data extracted from ClinVar,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> VarSome,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Bohnen et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> and Lago-Docampo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Structural location of ABCC8 variant p. Arg1436Ter. Domain structure of the SUR1 (ABCC8) protein showing the location of the p. Arg1436Ter variant (red line). The variant truncates the second nucleotide-binding domain (NBD2), potentially leading to loss-of-function of the SUR1 subunit.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-11-e20250175-50175-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>These findings confirmed the diagnosis of PAH associated with systemic sclerosis (SSc) - limited form. Vasodilator therapy with tadalafil and ambrisentan was initiated. The patient was discharged on the 27th day of admission on diuretic therapy.</p>
      <p>Two weeks later, she was readmitted with worsening symptoms and hypoxemia. CCTA showed bilateral centrilobular ground-glass opacities, subcarinal and hilar lymphadenopathy &#8211; <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figures 1C</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">1D</xref>. A 6-minute walk test (6MWT) was performed, with a distance of 102 meters and marked oxygen desaturation (nadir 72%). PFTs showed further deterioration of DLCO (42% of predicted).</p>
      <p>Given the clinical deterioration following vasodilator therapy and radiological findings, a presumptive diagnosis of PAH with venous involvement was reinforced, leading to discontinuation of tadalafil. The patient was discharged on ambrisentan and was referred for lung transplantation (LT).</p>
      <p>In the following months, the patient experienced multiple readmissions due to worsening symptoms. An off-label trial of intravenous methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil was attempted, with short-term symptomatic improvement. However, she was readmitted again 4 months later. The patient remains in the ambulatory setting in WHO functional class III and is awaiting LT.</p>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>PAH with venous/capillary involvement (formerly referred to as pulmonary veno-occlusive disease [PVOD] /capillary hemangiomatosis) is a rare, severe form of PH, with an incidence of 0.1-0.5 cases/million/year.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This condition comprises a fibroproliferative process of pulmonary venous and capillary compartments, with small vein occlusion caused by smooth muscle hypertrophy and collagen deposition.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The diagnosis of PVOD is challenging due to its non-specific presentation, often mimicking PAH. Moreover, histological confirmation via lung biopsy is contraindicated due to the significant risk of hemorrhage. Certain clinical and imaging features can facilitate a presumptive diagnosis, which include typical findings on CCTA &#8211; centrilobular ground-glass opacities, septal lines, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, severely reduced DLCO on PFTs, and low oxygen saturation nadir during the 6MWT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> PVOD manifests in two forms: hereditary, which is associated with autosomal recessive biallelic mutations in the <italic>EIF2AK4</italic> gene,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> and sporadic, which presents later in life and more frequently in males.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Several risk factors are linked to sporadic PVOD, including prior exposure to chemotherapy (particularly alkylating agents),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> tobacco,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and organic solvents such as trichloroethylene.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Moreover, venous involvement has been observed in PAH associated with connective tissue diseases (PAH-CTD), particularly in SSc.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> PVOD can coexist or arise as a complication within systemic sclerosis (SSc), leading to pulmonary hypertension via distinct post-capillary venous remodeling. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of alveolar congestion observed clinically&#8212;increased alveolar fluid accumulation following vasodilator therapy&#8212;is predominantly attributable to elevated hydrostatic pressure secondary to adverse remodeling of the post-capillary vasculature, specifically involving pulmonary venules. Mechanistically, this adverse remodeling is not unique to idiopathic PVOD but is consistently observed across various forms, including those associated with systemic sclerosis, drug-induced, or idiopathic cases. In these cases, patients may exhibit reduced responsiveness or even clinical worsening after initiation of vasodilator therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Our patient presented clinical and laboratory features indicative of SSc-associated PAH. Her subsequent clinical deterioration after initiation of vasodilator therapy, in conjunction with radiological findings, reduced DLCO, and desaturation on 6MWT, strongly suggested the diagnosis of PVOD.</p>
        <p>The management of PVOD involves supportive measures, including OT and diuretics, alongside early referral for LT. PAH-specific therapies have uncertain efficacy and safety, as demonstrated by this case, in which discontinuation of vasodilators was necessary to prevent further decline.</p>
        <p>Despite this, the patient still experienced multiple readmissions. This clinical course aligns with the literature, with rapid symptom progression and considerable morbidity and mortality - most patients die or require LT within two years of diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Thus, in the absence of efficacious therapies, early referral for LT was pursued.</p>
        <p>In our case, a trial of immunosuppressor drugs was performed, with symptomatic improvement and no readmissions over the subsequent four months. Although inflammation is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of PVOD and PAH, and some reports have suggested clinical and hemodynamic improvement with immunosuppressive/antiproliferative agents, further research is necessary before these approaches can be recommended.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In 2018, novel pathogenic variants were identified in the <italic>ABCC8</italic> gene, which were associated with PAH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The <italic>ABCC8</italic> gene encodes sulfonylurea receptor 1, a regulatory subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. In a Spanish cohort of PAH patients, <italic>ABCC8</italic> variants were identified in 11 individuals, two of whom had PAH-CTD, with one presenting feature of PVOD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> This patient carried a pathogenic <italic>ABCC8</italic> variant, which had only been associated with congenital hyperinsulinism and neonatal diabetes (ClinVar VCV000035617.15). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of PAH-CTD associated with this variant, and the second case involving an <italic>ABCC8</italic> pathogenic variant in conjunction with clinical evidence of venous involvement. Unfortunately, parental segregation could not be pursued due to geographic limitations. Further studies are warranted to clarify the role of <italic>ABCC8</italic> in the pathophysiology of PAH-CTD and PVOD.</p>
        <p>In conclusion, PVOD represents a highly morbid PH subtype with poor prognosis. Early recognition of its characteristic findings is essential for timely referral for LT, emphasizing that these patients should be managed in specialized PH centers. We report a rare, complex case of PAH associated with SSc, not only characterized by venous involvement but also linked to a previously undescribed pathogenic variant in the <italic>ABCC8</italic> gene.</p>
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      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn7">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn9">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn10">
          <label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
          <p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
        <title>Data Availability Statement</title>
        <p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
      </sec>
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  </sub-article>
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