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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">YZp8YBsjKxWwxw5c5qw5THh</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025001000205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250652</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Doen&#231;a Coronariana de Pequenos Vasos e Bal&#245;es Revestidos com Medicamentos: Hora de Reconsiderar Nossa Estrat&#233;gia?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6942-355X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Prado</surname>
            <given-names>Guy F. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1273-1823</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Rome La Sapienza</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Roma</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="IT">It&#225;lia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">University of Rome La Sapienza &#8211; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Roma &#8211; It&#225;lia</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Sirio-Lib&#226;nes</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Sirio-Lib&#226;nes, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Guy F. A. Prado &#8226;</bold> Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627. CEP <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>guy.junior@einstein.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250652</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Stents Farmacol&#243;gicos</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) com stents farmacol&#243;gicos (SF) transformou drasticamente a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria, reduzindo a reestenose e a necessidade de interven&#231;&#245;es repetidas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> No entanto, apesar dos grandes avan&#231;os na bioengenharia de stents e nas t&#233;cnicas de procedimento, a implanta&#231;&#227;o permanente de plataformas met&#225;licas e revestimentos de pol&#237;meros continua associada &#224; falha de stents a longo prazo, particularmente em vasos de pequeno calibre, com uma incid&#234;ncia anual de trombose de stent de aproximadamente 1&#8211;2%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Os mecanismos subjacentes incluem hiperplasia neointimal, neoaterosclerose, fratura de stent e a incapacidade de atingir remodelamento positivo, todos resultantes do "enjaulamento" dos vasos com suportes met&#225;licos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Nesse contexto, o uso de bal&#245;es farmacol&#243;gicos (DCBs) para o tratamento de les&#245;es de novo &#8212; incorporando a estrat&#233;gia de "n&#227;o deixar nada para tr&#225;s" &#8212; surgiu como uma alternativa atraente para superar as limita&#231;&#245;es inerentes ao implante de stents.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nos &#250;ltimos anos, um n&#250;mero crescente de estudos destacou a relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica da angioplastia DCB para les&#245;es de novo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A preven&#231;&#227;o da implanta&#231;&#227;o permanente do dispositivo na parede do vaso &#233; particularmente atraente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Por outro lado, um objetivo fundamental da ICP &#233; obter ganho luminal agudo, minimizando dissec&#231;&#245;es e fluxo prejudicado &#8212; um aspecto em que os stents mant&#234;m uma clara vantagem. Ainda assim, a ICP com SF em art&#233;rias de pequeno calibre tem sido consistentemente associada a maiores taxas de falha da les&#227;o-alvo. Nesse contexto, a angioplastia com DCBs &#233; atraente. Evid&#234;ncias recentes sugerem resultados compar&#225;veis entre DCBs e SFs em doen&#231;as de pequenos vasos; no entanto, delineamentos de n&#227;o inferioridade e amostras pequenas t&#234;m limitado esses achados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o do peri&#243;dico, Gobbo et al. apresentam o manuscrito intitulado "Bal&#245;es Revestidos com Paclitaxel versus Stents Farmacol&#243;gicos na Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana de Pequenos Vasos: Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Metan&#225;lise".<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O estudo aborda se a angioplastia com bal&#227;o revestido com paclitaxel (PCB) fornece resultados compar&#225;veis aos SF em pequenos vasos, por meio de uma an&#225;lise conjunta de 12 estudos, incluindo 17.441 pacientes com acompanhamento de longo prazo (m&#233;dia de 32,4 meses). A an&#225;lise compreendeu cinco ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados e tr&#234;s estudos observacionais para o desfecho prim&#225;rio, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o alvo (RLA; n = 830). Os autores relataram taxas baixas e compar&#225;veis de RLA: 6,6% para DCB versus 5,3% para SF (HR: 1,24; IC 95% 0,82&#8211;1,85; p = 0,46). Para o desfecho secund&#225;rio, n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas na perda tardia do l&#250;men (diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia &#8211;0,09 mm; IC 95% &#8211;0,41 a 0,23; p = 0,57).</p>
    <p>Esses achados devem ser interpretados &#224; luz de tr&#234;s considera&#231;&#245;es principais. Primeiro, a aus&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;as significativas confirma que a ICP em pequenos vasos coron&#225;rios &#233; segura e eficaz com qualquer uma das estrat&#233;gias. Segundo, a maioria dos ensaios incluiu apenas pacientes que haviam sido submetidos &#224; pr&#233;-dilata&#231;&#227;o bem-sucedida antes da administra&#231;&#227;o do medicamento antiproliferativo. Como resultado, os pacientes que apresentaram dissec&#231;&#245;es com limita&#231;&#227;o de fluxo foram sistematicamente exclu&#237;dos tanto da an&#225;lise quanto dos desfechos relatados. Na maioria dos casos, esses pacientes necessitaram de implante de stent de resgate ou tratamento m&#233;dico conservador e, portanto, n&#227;o foram representados na popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo. Terceiro, permanece uma quest&#227;o importante sobre se o PCB poderia, em &#250;ltima an&#225;lise, demonstrar superioridade, visto que estudos anteriores relataram que o implante de SF em pequenos vasos est&#225; associado a quase o dobro da taxa de falha do vaso-alvo em compara&#231;&#227;o com vasos maiores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Nesta fase, a presente metan&#225;lise n&#227;o pode estabelecer tal conclus&#227;o. No entanto, o estudo PICCOLETO II &#8212; abrangendo 232 pacientes e comparando PCB com stent liberador de everolimus &#8212; demonstrou perda de l&#250;men tardia significativamente menor com PCB, alcan&#231;ando n&#227;o inferioridade e superioridade (0,04 mm vs. 0,17 mm; p = 0,001 e p = 0,03, respectivamente). Embora sem poder estat&#237;stico para desfechos cl&#237;nicos, o acompanhamento de tr&#234;s anos mostrou menor incid&#234;ncia de eventos card&#237;acos adversos maiores (MACE) no grupo PCB (10,8% vs. 20,8%; p = 0,046), refor&#231;ando o potencial benef&#237;cio da estrat&#233;gia de "n&#227;o deixar nada para tr&#225;s".<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Na presente metan&#225;lise, n&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as para MACE (HR: 1,01; IC 95% 0,76-1,33; p = 0,24), consistente com outros estudos anteriores. No estudo BASKET-SMALL 2, ap&#243;s tr&#234;s anos, a estimativa de Kaplan-Meier para MACE foi de 15% em ambos os grupos (HR 0,99; IC 95% 0,68-1,45; p = 0,95).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Assim, podemos concluir que o PCB demonstrou ser uma estrat&#233;gia segura e eficaz, com resultados compar&#225;veis aos do SF em desfechos angiogr&#225;ficos e cl&#237;nicos, a curto e longo prazo, para o tratamento de pequenos vasos coron&#225;rios. No entanto, ensaios cl&#237;nicos prospectivos randomizados, projetados com superioridade, particularmente para desfechos cl&#237;nicos prim&#225;rios, seriam desej&#225;veis para determinar qual estrat&#233;gia &#233; verdadeiramente ideal neste cen&#225;rio. Dadas as taxas de eventos muito baixas observadas, tais ensaios exigiriam milhares de pacientes; portanto, metan&#225;lises e revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas bem conduzidas provavelmente continuar&#227;o sendo a abordagem mais vi&#225;vel para atingir esse n&#237;vel de evid&#234;ncia.</p>
    <p>Outra quest&#227;o cr&#237;tica levantada neste estudo &#233; se a angioplastia baseada em DCB pode ser considerada uma terapia de efeito de classe real, dada a ampla gama de dispositivos atualmente dispon&#237;veis no mercado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> A resposta prov&#225;vel &#233; n&#227;o. As tecnologias de DCB diferem substancialmente entre as plataformas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; concentra&#231;&#227;o do f&#225;rmaco, ao revestimento do carreador do f&#225;rmaco, ao tipo de agente antiproliferativo utilizado (paclitaxel versus fam&#237;lia limus) e ao perfil de capacidade cruzada dos bal&#245;es (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>). Em conjunto, esses fatores tornam cada dispositivo &#250;nico; portanto, cada DCB deve, pelo menos nesta fase, ser testado individualmente em ensaios cl&#237;nicos adequadamente planejados. A metan&#225;lise atual de Gobbo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> contribui com evid&#234;ncias valiosas para uma &#225;rea de crescente relev&#226;ncia na cardiologia intervencionista. Ao mostrar resultados compar&#225;veis entre PCB e SF em doen&#231;as de pequenos vasos, o estudo refor&#231;a a seguran&#231;a e a efic&#225;cia da estrat&#233;gia de DCB, ao mesmo tempo em que destaca quest&#245;es sem resposta que ainda justificam investiga&#231;&#245;es futuras. O desafio &#224; frente &#233; determinar se os DCBs podem n&#227;o apenas igualar, mas eventualmente superar os SF em cen&#225;rios cl&#237;nicos e anat&#244;micos selecionados, e se os refinamentos tecnol&#243;gicos podem permitir que essa terapia se torne um novo padr&#227;o de tratamento na era de "n&#227;o deixar nada para tr&#225;s".</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Bal&#245;es farmacol&#243;gicos coron&#225;rios (DCBs) selecionados atualmente dispon&#237;veis e uma representa&#231;&#227;o esquem&#225;tica de seus principais componentes tecnol&#243;gicos.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-10-e20250652-50652-gf01.tif"/></fig>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Bal&#245;es Revestidos com Paclitaxel versus Stents Farmacol&#243;gicos na Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana de Pequenos Vasos: Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Metan&#225;lise</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250652i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Small-Vessel Coronary Disease and Drug-Coated Balloons: Time to Reconsider Our Strategy?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6942-355X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Prado</surname>
            <given-names>Guy F. A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1273-1823</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rome</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="IT">Italy</country>
          <institution content-type="original">University of Rome La Sapienza &#8211; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Rome &#8211; Italy</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>7</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>8</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Sirio-Lib&#226;nes, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Guy F. A. Prado &#8226;</bold> Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627. Postal Code <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>guy.junior@einstein.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Drug-Eluting Stents</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) has dramatically transformed coronary revascularization, reducing restenosis and the need for repeat interventions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Nevertheless, despite major advances in stent bioengineering and procedural techniques, the permanent implantation of metallic platforms and polymer coatings remains associated with long-term stent failure, particularly in small coronary arteries, with an annual incidence of stent thrombosis of approximately 1&#8211;2%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The underlying mechanisms include neointimal hyperplasia, neoatherosclerosis, stent fracture, and the inability to achieve positive remodeling, all resulting from the "caging" of vessels with metallic struts.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Against this background, the use of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) for the treatment of de novo lesions&#8212;embodying the "leave nothing behind" strategy&#8212;has emerged as an attractive alternative to overcome limitations inherent to stent implantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In recent years, an increasing number of trials have underscored the clinical relevance of DCB angioplasty for de novo lesions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The avoidance of permanent device implantation into the vessel wall is particularly appealing.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> On the other hand, a key objective of PCI is to achieve acute luminal gain while minimizing dissections and impaired flow&#8212;an aspect where stents retain a clear advantage. Still, PCI with DES in small arteries has consistently been associated with higher rates of target lesion failure. In this context, a DCB-based angioplasty is compelling. Recent evidence has suggested comparable outcomes between DCBs and DES in small-vessel disease; however, non-inferiority designs and small sample sizes have limited these findings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this edition of the journal, Gobbo et al. present the manuscript entitled "<italic>Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons versus Drug-Eluting Stents in Small Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</italic>".<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The study addresses whether paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty provides outcomes comparable to DES in small vessels, through a pooled analysis of 12 studies including 17,441 patients with long-term follow-up (mean 32.4 months). The analysis comprised five randomized controlled trials and three observational studies for the primary endpoint, target lesion revascularization (TLR; n = 830). The authors reported low and comparable rates of TLR: 6.6% for DCB versus 5.3% for DES (HR: 1.24; 95% CI 0.82&#8211;1.85; p = 0.46). For the secondary endpoint, there were no significant differences in late lumen loss (mean difference &#8211;0.09 mm; 95% CI &#8211;0.41 to 0.23; p = 0.57).</p>
      <p>These findings should be interpreted in light of three key considerations. First, the absence of significant differences confirms that PCI in small coronary vessels is both safe and effective with either strategy. Second, most trials enrolled only patients who had undergone successful pre-dilation before the delivery of the antiproliferative drug. As a result, patients who experienced flow-limiting dissections were systematically excluded from both the analysis and the reported outcomes. In most cases, these patients required bailout stenting or conservative medical management and were therefore not represented in the study population. Third, an important question remains as to whether PCB could ultimately demonstrate superiority, given that previous studies have reported that DES implantation in small vessels is associated with nearly twice the rate of target vessel failure compared with larger vessels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> At this stage, the present meta-analysis cannot establish such a conclusion. Nevertheless, the PICCOLETO II trial&#8212;encompassing 232 patients and comparing PCB with everolimus-eluting stent&#8212;demonstrated significantly less late lumen loss with PCB, achieving both non-inferiority and superiority (0.04 mm vs. 0.17 mm; p = 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively). Although not powered for clinical endpoints, the three-year follow-up showed a lower incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in the PCB group (10.8% vs. 20.8%; p = 0.046), reinforcing the potential benefit of the "leave nothing behind" strategy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> In the present meta-analysis, no differences were found for MACE (HR: 1.01; 95% CI 0.76&#8211;1.33; p = 0.24), consistent with other prior trials. In the BASKET-SMALL 2 trial, after three years, the Kaplan&#8211;Meier estimate of MACE was 15% in both groups (HR 0.99; 95% CI 0.68&#8211;1.45; p = 0.95).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Thus, we may conclude that PCB has proven to be a safe and effective strategy, with outcomes comparable to DES in both angiographic and clinical endpoints, in the short and long term, for the treatment of small coronary vessels. Nevertheless, prospective randomized trials designed with superiority, particularly for primary clinical endpoints, would be desirable to determine which strategy is truly optimal in this scenario. Given the very low event rates observed, such trials would require thousands of patients; therefore, well-conducted meta-analyses and systematic reviews are likely to remain the most feasible approach to achieve this level of evidence.</p>
      <p>Another critical issue raised in this study is whether DCB-based angioplasty can be regarded as an actual class-effect therapy, given the wide range of devices currently available on the market.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> The likely answer is no. DCB technologies differ substantially between platforms with respect to drug concentration, drug carrier coating, the type of antiproliferative agent used (paclitaxel versus limus family), and the crossability profile of the balloons (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>). Altogether, these factors make each device unique; therefore, every DCB should, at least at this stage, be tested individually in adequately designed clinical trials. The current meta-analysis by Gobbo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> contributes valuable evidence to an area of increasing relevance in interventional cardiology. By showing comparable outcomes between PCB and DES in small-vessel disease, the study reinforces the safety and efficacy of the DCB strategy while also highlighting unanswered questions that still warrant future investigation. The challenge ahead is to determine whether DCBs can not only match but eventually surpass DES in selected clinical and anatomical scenarios, and whether technological refinements may enable this therapy to become a new standard of care in the "leave nothing behind" era.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Selected currently available coronary drug-coated balloons (DCBs) and a schematic representation of their core technological components.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-10-e20250652-50652-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Paclitaxel-Coated Balloons versus Drug-Eluting Stents in Small Vessel Coronary Artery Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
