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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">3vhgDrmxZXWrmfSJtjd6fwB</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025001000201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250497</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>BRE e a Mudan&#231;a de Paradigma do IAMCSST para o IAM com Oclus&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6310-4988</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>McLaren</surname>
            <given-names>Jesse T.T</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Helseth</surname>
            <given-names>Hans C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9166-9804</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Smith</surname>
            <given-names>Stephen W.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University Health Network</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Emergency Department</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Toronto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Ontario</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CA">Canad&#225;</country>
        <institution content-type="original">University Health Network &#8211; Emergency Department, Toronto, Ontario &#8211; Canad&#225;</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Medical College of Wisconsin</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Milwaukee</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Wisconsin</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin &#8211; EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University of Minnesota</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Department of Emergency Medicine</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Minneapolis</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">University of Minnesota &#8211; Department of Emergency Medicine, Minneapolis &#8211; EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">University of Minnesota Twin Cities</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Emergency Medicine</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Minneapolis </named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">University of Minnesota Twin Cities &#8211; Emergency Medicine, Minneapolis &#8211; EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia</label>: Jesse T.T. McLaren &#8226; University Health Network &#8211; Emergency Department &#8211; 200 Elizabeth St Toronto Ont&#225;rio M5G 2C4 &#8211; Canad&#225; E-mail: <email>jesse.mclaren@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250497</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright &#169; 2025 SciELO</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>SciELO</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>Este &#233; um artigo de acesso aberto distribu&#237;do sob os termos da licen&#231;a de atribui&#231;&#227;o pelo Creative Commons</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio sem Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O paradigma atual para a s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) se baseia nos crit&#233;rios de eletrocardiograma (ECG) para infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Este &#233; definido como supradesnivelamento do segmento ST na <italic>aus&#234;ncia</italic> de bloqueio do ramo esquerdo (BRE). No entanto, isso cria um dilema &#243;bvio: e os pacientes <italic>com</italic> BRE? Em sua revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise de 51 estudos, Alencar et al. ajudam a resolver debates de longa data, comparando diretrizes com evid&#234;ncias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Isso n&#227;o apenas esclarece como abordar esse dilema diagn&#243;stico espec&#237;fico, mas tamb&#233;m como uma mudan&#231;a de paradigma de IAMCSST para IAM com Oclus&#227;o (IAMO) poderia transformar o atendimento ao paciente.</p>
    <p>Como Alencar et al. constatou, o BRE apareceu em apenas 3,3% dos casos de SCA, mas apresentou mortalidade mais alta do que o IAM sem BRE. O paradigma atual cria o duplo perigo da ativa&#231;&#227;o desnecess&#225;ria do laborat&#243;rio de cateterismo ou mesmo de trombol&#237;ticos para BRE sem IAMO, ou reperfus&#227;o tardia para BRE com IAMO.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>As diretrizes de 2004 para IAMCSST preconizavam a reperfus&#227;o emergencial para SCA com &#8220;BRE novo ou presumivelmente novo&#8221;, referenciando ensaios trombol&#237;ticos e os crit&#233;rios de Sgarbossa. No entanto, os ensaios trombol&#237;ticos avaliaram o &#8220;BRE&#8221; independentemente do momento, e Sgarbossa identificou especificamente crit&#233;rios para auxiliar quando um ECG pr&#233;vio n&#227;o estava dispon&#237;vel ou a dura&#231;&#227;o do BRE era desconhecida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> At&#233; onde sabemos, a ideia de BRE novo vs. antigo n&#227;o tem origem em dados. Embora as diretrizes subsequentes tenham removido essa recomenda&#231;&#227;o, o conceito persistiu. O estudo de Alencar et al. deve encerrar esse debate: um subconjunto de 29 estudos, incluindo 221.261 pacientes com BRE, concluiu que o momento do BRE &#233; irrelevante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>H&#225; treze anos, Smith et al. refinaram os crit&#233;rios de Sgarbossa por meio do uso da proporcionalidade e utilizando o desfecho angiogr&#225;fico de IAMO em vez da CK-MB.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Como observado por Alencar et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> os Crit&#233;rios de Sgarbossa Modificados (CSM) apresentam a maior sensibilidade de todos os m&#233;todos, com especificidade preservada. Meyers et al. validaram o CSM<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> em diferentes pontos de corte de proporcionalidade (em compara&#231;&#227;o com 25%, utilizando 20% de aumento da sensibilidade de 80 para 84%, mas redu&#231;&#227;o da especificidade de 99 para 94%), o que permite seu uso em um contexto cl&#237;nico com diferentes probabilidades pr&#233;-teste.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Dodd tamb&#233;m validou o CSM para IAMO em ritmos estimulados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No entanto, &#233; intrigante que as diretrizes do ESC de 2023 continuem a afirmar que o BRE ou ritmo estimulado &#8220;impede uma avalia&#231;&#227;o precisa da presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> As diretrizes do ACC de 2025 n&#227;o mencionam nenhum crit&#233;rio para BRE,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> mas o consenso anterior de especialistas do ACC de 2022 reconheceu tanto Sgarbossa quanto CSM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os crit&#233;rios de Barcelona tamb&#233;m foram propostos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> mas, como discutido por Alencar et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> eles n&#227;o se baseiam em correlatos angiogr&#225;ficos ou de troponina da oclus&#227;o e n&#227;o foram validados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Em vez disso, os crit&#233;rios de Barcelona foram baseados em valores de troponina consistentes com qualquer tipo de IM, incluindo n&#227;o-IAMO. O estudo tamb&#233;m utilizou um grupo controle de pacientes sem sintomas de SCA, provavelmente superestimando a especificidade dos crit&#233;rios. Al&#233;m disso, os pacientes inclu&#237;dos no estudo foram identificados por encaminhamento para interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea prim&#225;ria, resultando em uma probabilidade pr&#233;-teste muito maior no grupo de estudo do que em toda a popula&#231;&#227;o do departamento de emerg&#234;ncia de pacientes com sintomas de SCA e BRE.</p>
    <p>O estudo de Alencar et al. combina bem com outra revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise recente dos mesmos autores. Ao revisar os &#250;nicos 3 estudos que compararam os crit&#233;rios de IAMCSST com o desfecho real do paciente com IAMO, eles encontraram uma sensibilidade de apenas 43,6% e especificidade de 96,5%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> No entanto, em pacientes com BRE, Alencar et al. descobriu que a CSM apresentou sensibilidade de 83,6% e especificidade de 92,6%. Em outras palavras, o paradigma do IAMCSST se baseia na eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST na aus&#234;ncia de BRE e, portanto, n&#227;o apenas ignora a maioria das oclus&#245;es sem eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST diagn&#243;stica, como tamb&#233;m nem sequer tenta diagnosticar IAMO no contexto de BRE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>De fato, os crit&#233;rios de Sgarbossa modificados por Smith para BRE s&#227;o muito mais sens&#237;veis para IAMO do que os crit&#233;rios para IAMCSST em condu&#231;&#227;o normal! Isso ocorre porque eles usam proporcionalidade e porque, ao contr&#225;rio do senso comum, o BRE <italic>n&#227;o</italic> oculta isquemia transmural se voc&#234; usar propor&#231;&#245;es. Isso torna particularmente estranho que as diretrizes ignorem o CSM.</p>
    <p>Utilizando a proporcionalidade e outros avan&#231;os baseados em evid&#234;ncias, a intelig&#234;ncia artificial foi treinada para identificar IAMO independentemente de o ECG apresentar condu&#231;&#227;o normal ou BRE. Em uma an&#225;lise de subgrupo de 246 pacientes com BRE, incluindo 64 com IAMO, a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 60,9% e 93,4% &#8211; novamente superiores &#224; sensibilidade de 32,5% dos crit&#233;rios para IAMCSST em condu&#231;&#227;o normal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Apesar da sensibilidade aprimorada, a aplica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da CSM &#233; desafiadora, dada a baixa preval&#234;ncia de IAMO.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Mesmo com interpreta&#231;&#227;o avan&#231;ada de ECG e IA treinada por especialistas, o ECG &#233; apenas um teste para a patologia subjacente do IAMO. No entanto, o paradigma do IAMO tamb&#233;m muda o foco do ECG para o paciente, incluindo a ultrassonografia no ponto de atendimento para anormalidade da motilidade da parede regional (embora a ecocardiografia seja sub&#243;tima no BRE devido &#224; dissincronia) e a reperfus&#227;o emergencial para isquemia refrat&#225;ria, independentemente dos achados do ECG. Alencar et al. n&#227;o apenas esclareceram como melhorar o atendimento a pacientes com BRE no paradigma atual, mas tamb&#233;m que uma mudan&#231;a de paradigma mais ampla, baseada em evid&#234;ncias, &#233; necess&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Acur&#225;cia da Cronologia do Bloqueio de Ramo Esquerdo e dos Crit&#233;rios Eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos para o Diagn&#243;stico de Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio: Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Metan&#225;lise</p>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250497i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>LBBB and the Paradigm Shift from STEMI to Occlusion MI</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6310-4988</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>McLaren</surname>
            <given-names>Jesse T.T</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Helseth</surname>
            <given-names>Hans C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9166-9804</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Smith</surname>
            <given-names>Stephen W.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="CA">Canada</country>
        <institution content-type="original">University Health Network &#8211; Emergency Department, Toronto, Ontario &#8211; Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin &#8211; USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">University of Minnesota &#8211; Department of Emergency Medicine, Minneapolis &#8211; USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">University of Minnesota Twin Cities &#8211; Emergency Medicine, Minneapolis &#8211; USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Jesse T.T. McLaren &#8226; University Health Network &#8211; Emergency Department &#8211; 200 Elizabeth St Toronto Ont&#225;rio M5G 2C4 &#8211; Canada E-mail: jesse.mclaren@gmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The current paradigm for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is based on ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) electrocardiogram (ECG) criteria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This is defined as ST elevation in the <italic>absence</italic> of left bundle branch block (LBBB). Nevertheless, this creates an obvious dilemma: what about patients <italic>with</italic> LBBB? In their systematic review and meta-analysis of 51 studies, Alencar et al. help resolve longstanding debates by comparing guidelines with evidence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> This not only clarifies how to address this specific diagnostic dilemma, but also how a paradigm shift from STEMI to Occlusion MI (OMI) could transform patient care.</p>
      <p>As Alencar found, LBBB appeared in only 3.3% of ACS, but had higher mortality than acute MI without BBB. The current paradigm creates the twin dangers of unnecessary cath lab activation or even thrombolytics for LBBB without OMI, or delayed reperfusion for LBBB with OMI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The 2004 STEMI guidelines advocated emergent reperfusion for ACS with &#8220;new or presumably new LBBB&#8221;, referencing thrombolytic trials and Sgarbossa criteria. However, thrombolytic trials assessed &#8220;BBB&#8221; regardless of timing, and Sgarbossa specifically identified criteria to help when a prior ECG was unavailable or the duration of LBBB was unknown.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> To our knowledge, the idea of new vs. old LBBB has no source in data. While subsequent guidelines removed this recommendation, the concept persisted. De Alencar&#8217;s study should put this debate to rest: a subset of 29 studies including 221,261 patients with LBBB found that the timing of LBBB is irrelevant.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Thirteen years ago, Smith et al. refined the Sgarbossa criteria through the use of proportionality and by using the angiographic outcome of OMI rather than CK-MB.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> As Alencar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> found, the Modified Sgarbossa Criteria (MSC) has the highest sensitivity of any method, with preserved specificity. Meyers et al. validated the MSC<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup>at different proportionality cutoffs (compared with 25%, using 20% increased sensitivity from 80 to 84% but decreased specificity from 99 to 94%), which allows it to be used in a clinical context with different pre-test probabilities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Dodd also validated the MSC for OMI in paced rhythms.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Nevertheless, it is puzzling that the 2023 ESC guidelines continue to state that LBBB or paced rhythm &#8220;precludes an accurate assessment of the presence or absence of ST-segment elevation&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The 2025 ACC guidelines make no mention of any criteria for LBBB,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> but the previous 2022 ACC expert consensus recognized both Sgarbossa and MSC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The Barcelona criteria have also been proposed,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> but as Alencar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> discussed, they are not based on angiographic or troponin correlates of occlusion and have not been validated.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Instead, the Barcelona criteria were based on troponin values consistent with any type of MI, including non-OMI. The study also used a control group of patients without ACS symptoms, likely overestimating the specificity of the criteria. Furthermore, patients included in the study were identified by referral to primary percutaneous coronary intervention, causing a much higher pre-test probability in the study group than in the entire Emergency Department population of patients with ACS symptoms and LBBB.</p>
      <p>De Alencar&#8217;s study pairs well with another recent systematic review and meta-analysis by the same authors. In reviewing the only 3 studies to have compared STEMI criteria with the actual patient outcome of OMI, they found a sensitivity of only 43.6% and specificity of 96.5%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Yet in patients with LBBB, Alencar et al. found the MSC had a sensitivity of 83.6% and specificity of 92.6%. In other words, the STEMI paradigm is based on ST elevation in the absence of LBBB, and so not only misses a majority of occlusions without diagnostic ST elevation, but does not even attempt to diagnose OMI in the setting of LBBB.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In fact, the Smith Modified Sgarbossa criteria in LBBB are far more sensitive for OMI than are the STEMI criteria in normal conduction! This is because they use proportionality and because, contrary to conventional wisdom, LBBB does <italic>not</italic> hide transmural ischemia if you use proportions. This makes it particularly odd that the guidelines ignore the MSC.</p>
      <p>Using proportionality and other evidence-based advances, artificial intelligence has been trained to identify OMI regardless of whether the ECG has normal conduction or LBBB. In a subgroup analysis of 246 patients with LBBB, including 64 with OMI, sensitivity and specificity were 60.9% and 93.4% &#8211; again superior to the 32.5% sensitivity of STEMI criteria in normal conduction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Despite improved sensitivity, applying the MSC clinically is challenging given the low prevalence of OMI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Even with advanced ECG interpretation and expert-trained AI, the ECG is but one test for the underlying pathology of Occlusion MI. However, the OMI paradigm also shifts the focus from ECG to patient, including point of care ultrasound for regional wall motion abnormality (though echocardiography is suboptimal in LBBB due to dyssynchrony) and emergent reperfusion for refractory ischemic regardless of ECG findings. Alencar et al. have not only clarified how to improve care for patients with LBBB in the current paradigm, but also that a broader evidence-based paradigm shift is needed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
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          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Accuracy of Left Bundle Branch Block Chronology and Electrocardiography Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</p>
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