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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">fHnt5JRry38x7FBNczXyHFx</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000900208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250556</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">abc.20250556</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Acesso Radial e Fondaparinux: Uma Intera&#231;&#227;o Sin&#233;rgica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3511-7375</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Beraldo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo Mar&#243;stica Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Pedro Beraldo de Andrade</bold> &#8226; Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia &#8211; Cardiologia Invasiva &#8211; Av. Vicente Ferreira, 828. CEP <postal-code>17515-900</postal-code>, Marilia, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>pedroberaldo@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250556</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright &#169; 2025 SciELO</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>SciELO</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio sem Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST</kwd>
        <kwd>Fondaparinux</kwd>
        <kwd>Art&#233;ria Radial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A consolida&#231;&#227;o do tratamento antitromb&#243;tico baseado na terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla com &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico e inibidores do receptor P2Y<sub>12</sub>,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> a ado&#231;&#227;o rotineira da estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco invasiva,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> o refinamento t&#233;cnico da interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP), com maior utiliza&#231;&#227;o de imagem intravascular como ferramenta adjunta para guiar os procedimentos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> assim como a evolu&#231;&#227;o tecnol&#243;gica dos stents coron&#225;rios,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> culminaram com um decl&#237;nio temporal nas duas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas na ocorr&#234;ncia de complica&#231;&#245;es isqu&#234;micas de pacientes admitidos com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (SCASSST).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nesse contexto, o risco de sangramento deixou de ser tolerado como uma intercorr&#234;ncia inerente ao tratamento anti-isqu&#234;mico, passando a desempenhar um papel central na busca pelo equil&#237;brio do bin&#244;mio efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a na condu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica desse perfil de pacientes. O protagonismo do risco hemorr&#225;gico foi alcan&#231;ado a partir de publica&#231;&#245;es demonstrando que sangramentos graves, fossem aqueles relacionados &#224; via de acesso arterial utilizada na ICP, ou sangramentos do sistema nervoso central, trato digestivo, aparelho g&#234;nito-urin&#225;rio, associavam-se a um pior progn&#243;stico, assemelhando-se ou superando em morbimortalidade a recorr&#234;ncia de eventos isqu&#234;micos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em 2010 emergiu ent&#227;o o conceito de <italic>Bleeding Avoidance Strategies</italic>,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> consistindo em um conjunto de medidas associadas a uma pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica de qualidade, custo-efetiva, cujas m&#233;tricas evidenciam sua capacidade de mitigar as taxas de sangramento grave em pacientes submetidos &#224; estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco invasiva (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <table-wrap id="t1">
      <label>Tabela 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Linhas de cuidado (Bleeding Avoidance Strategies)</title>
      </caption>
      <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
        <colgroup width="50%">
          <col/>
          <col/>
        </colgroup>
        <tbody style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
          <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
            <td align="left" style="background-color:#C7DFEC" valign="middle">
              <bold>Manuseio criterioso da farmacoterapia</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="left" style="background-color:#C7DFEC" valign="middle">
              <list list-type="bullet">
                <list-item>
                  <p>Prefer&#234;ncia por fondaparinux ou bivaluridina (esta n&#227;o dispon&#237;vel no pa&#237;s) com terapia anticoagulante.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>Evitar o uso concomitante de enoxaparina e heparina n&#227;o-fracionada.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>Uso judicioso de inibidores do receptor de glicoprote&#237;na IIbIIIa (habitualmente reservado &#224; sala de Hemodin&#226;mica).</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>Prescri&#231;&#227;o racional da terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla (evitar o pr&#233;-tratamento quando h&#225; previs&#227;o de estratifica&#231;&#227;o nas primeiras 24 horas da admiss&#227;o; estrat&#233;gias de descalonamento em pacientes de alto risco de sangramento).</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </td>
          </tr>
          <tr>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">
              <bold>Cuidados relacionados &#224; via de acesso arterial</bold>
            </td>
            <td align="left" valign="middle">
              <list list-type="bullet">
                <list-item>
                  <p>Predile&#231;&#227;o pelo acesso radial.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>Uso de introdutores de menor calibre quando pertinente.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>Remo&#231;&#227;o precoce do introdutor ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino do procedimento.</p>
                </list-item>
                <list-item>
                  <p>Quando da op&#231;&#227;o pelo acesso femoral, emprego da t&#233;cnica de pun&#231;&#227;o &#243;tima (guiada por ultrassom; guiada por fluoroscopia, na zona de seguran&#231;a representada pelo 1/3 m&#233;dio da cabe&#231;a do f&#234;mur; micro-pun&#231;&#227;o; uso de dispositivos de oclus&#227;o vascular).</p>
                </list-item>
              </list>
            </td>
          </tr>
        </tbody>
      </table>
    </table-wrap>
    <p>Nessa edi&#231;&#227;o, Ritt et al. ilustram o sinergismo da combina&#231;&#227;o via de acesso radial e terapia anticoagulante com fondaparinux em uma coorte retrospectiva de 956 pacientes submetidos &#224; estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco invasiva na vig&#234;ncia de uma SCASSST.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Avaliando a taxa intra-hospitalar de eventos adversos graves compostos por morte, reinfarto, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico e sangramento grave pelo crit&#233;rio OASIS-5, os autores demonstraram que, em detrimento ao uso do acesso femoral, a op&#231;&#227;o pelo acesso radial promoveu um redu&#231;&#227;o significativa de 54% no desfecho prim&#225;rio, ao passo que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de fondaparinux reduziu em 43% a ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos comparada &#224; prescri&#231;&#227;o de enoxaparina. Pacientes nos quais a via de acesso radial e a terapia com fondaparinux foram selecionadas (n=366) apresentaram taxa do desfecho prim&#225;rio de 3,3%, cotejada com uma taxa de 14,4% no grupo que utilizou a via de acesso femoral juntamente com enoxaparina (p&lt;0,001).</p>
    <p>Os autores merecem congratula&#231;&#245;es pela publica&#231;&#227;o. Apesar de o estudo ser uma an&#225;lise n&#227;o rand&#244;mica, retrospectiva, houve o cuidado em buscar individualmente informa&#231;&#245;es acerca da evolu&#231;&#227;o intra-hospitalar dos participantes da pesquisa. Eventuais vieses na sele&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes quanto &#224; via de acesso arterial, bem como &#224; terapia antitromb&#243;tica, n&#227;o podem ser descartados, e os grupos diferem entre si quanto a caracter&#237;sticas sabidamente preditoras de maior risco isqu&#234;mico e hemorr&#225;gico, como idade, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico pr&#233;vio, fun&#231;&#227;o renal, n&#237;vel de hemoglobina, uso de inibidores do receptor P2Y<sub>12</sub> e anticoagulantes orais. Mas a plausibilidade biol&#243;gica de um efeito sin&#233;rgico entre via de acesso radial e fondaparinux sustenta a possibilidade de os achados do estudo representarem uma verdade cient&#237;fica. Em nossa experi&#234;ncia pessoal, a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de fondaparinux, suplementada com heparina n&#227;o-fracionada no momento da ICP, em popula&#231;&#227;o similar de pacientes admitidos por SCASSST, na qual o acesso radial foi utilizado em 95,3% dos casos, esteve associada a uma taxa de eventos adversos isqu&#234;micos e de eventos hemorr&#225;gicos de 3,2%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> similar ao reportado pelos autores.</p>
    <p>Ao eleger a via radial como acesso preferencial no atendimento aos pacientes com SCASSST, sabidamente associada a menor risco de sangramento grave quando comparada &#224; via femoral,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> bem como a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de fondaparinux em substitui&#231;&#227;o &#224; enoxaparina, minimizando o risco de dosagem supraterap&#234;utica (a dose di&#225;ria profil&#225;tica para tromboembolismo venoso, de 2,5 mg subcut&#226;neo, &#233; a mesma utilizada no tratamento da SCASSST), e de cruzamento inadvertido entre heparinas (heparina n&#227;o-fracionada representa o anticoagulante de elei&#231;&#227;o nos laborat&#243;rios de Hemodin&#226;mica nacionais, sendo sua suplementa&#231;&#227;o requerida entre pacientes tratados com fondaparinux),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> oferta-se ao paciente duas importantes linhas de preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos hemorr&#225;gicos e isqu&#234;micos, atuando de forma sin&#233;rgica, como demonstrado na presente publica&#231;&#227;o.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre o Uso de Fondaparinux com Acesso Radial e Desfechos Cl&#237;nicos em Pacientes com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda sem Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250556i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Radial Access and Fondaparinux: A Synergistic Interaction</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3511-7375</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Beraldo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo Mar&#243;stica Alves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Pedro Beraldo de Andrade</bold> &#8226; Santa Casa de Mar&#237;lia - Cardiologia Invasiva &#8211; Av. Vicente Ferreira, 828. Postal Code <postal-code>17515-900</postal-code>, Marilia, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>pedroberaldo@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Fondaparinux</kwd>
        <kwd>Radial Artery</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The consolidation of antithrombotic treatment based on dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and P2Y<sub>12</sub> receptor inhibitors,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> the routine adoption of invasive risk stratification,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> the technical refinement of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), with greater use of intravascular imaging as an adjunctive tool to guide procedures,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> as well as the technological evolution of coronary stents,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> culminated in a temporal decline over the last two decades in the occurrence of ischemic complications in patients admitted with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTEMI).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In this context, the risk of bleeding is no longer tolerated as an inherent complication of anti-ischemic treatment. Still, it has come to play a central role in the search for a balance between efficacy and safety in the clinical management of this patient profile. The importance of bleeding risk was achieved through publications demonstrating that major bleeding, whether related to PCI arterial access or bleeding in the central nervous system, digestive tract, or genitourinary system, was associated with a worse prognosis, with morbidity and mortality similar to or exceeding recurrent ischemic events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In 2010, the concept of "Bleeding Avoidance Strategies" emerged,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> consisting of a set of measures associated with high-quality, cost-effective clinical practice, whose metrics demonstrate its ability to mitigate major bleeding rates in patients undergoing invasive risk stratification (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 1</xref>)..<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Table 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Lines of care (Bleeding Avoidance Strategies)</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="50%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <tbody style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
              <td align="left" style="background-color:#C7DFEC" valign="middle">
                <bold>Careful management of pharmacotherapy</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" style="background-color:#C7DFEC" valign="middle">
                <list list-type="bullet">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>Preference for fondaparinux or bivalirudin (not available in Brazil) as anticoagulant therapy.</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>Avoid concomitant use of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin.</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>Judicious use of glycoprotein IIbIIIa receptor inhibitors (usually reserved for the Cath lab).</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>Rational prescription of dual antiplatelet therapy (avoiding pretreatment when stratification is anticipated within the first 24 hours of admission; de-escalation strategies in patients at high risk of bleeding).</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <bold>Care related to arterial access</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">
                <list list-type="bullet">
                  <list-item>
                    <p>Preference for radial access.</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>Use of smaller-caliber sheaths when appropriate.</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>Early removal of the sheath after the end of the procedure.</p>
                  </list-item>
                  <list-item>
                    <p>When opting for femoral access, use the optimal puncture technique (ultrasound-guided; fluoroscopy-guided in the safety zone represented by the middle 1/3 of the femoral head; micro-puncture; use of vascular closure devices).</p>
                  </list-item>
                </list>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>In this issue, Ritt et al. illustrate the synergism of the combination of radial access and anticoagulant therapy with fondaparinux in a retrospective cohort of 956 patients undergoing invasive risk stratification in the presence of NSTEMI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Evaluating the in-hospital rate of major adverse events, composed of death, reinfarction, stroke, and major bleeding, according to the OASIS-5 criteria, the authors demonstrated that, instead of the use of femoral access, the option for radial access promoted a significant reduction of 54% in the primary outcome, while the use of fondaparinux reduced the occurrence of events by 43% compared to the prescription of enoxaparin. Patients in whom the radial access and fondaparinux therapy were selected (n=366) had a primary outcome rate of 3.3%, compared with a rate of 14.4% in the group that used the femoral access combined with enoxaparin (p&lt;0.001). The authors deserve congratulations on this publication. Although the study was a non-randomized, retrospective analysis, care was taken to individually collect information about the in-hospital outcomes of the study participants. Potential biases in patient selection regarding arterial access and antithrombotic therapy cannot be ruled out, and the groups differed in characteristics known to predict increased ischemic and hemorrhagic risk, such as age, heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, prior stroke, renal function, hemoglobin level, use of P2Y<sub>12</sub> receptor inhibitors, and oral anticoagulants. However, the biological plausibility of a synergistic effect between radial access and fondaparinux supports the possibility that the study findings represent scientific truth. In our personal experience, the use of fondaparinux, supplemented with unfractionated heparin at the time of PCI, in a similar population of patients admitted for NSTEMI, in which radial access was used in 95.3% of cases, was associated with a rate of ischemic adverse events and bleeding events of 3.2%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> like that reported by the authors.</p>
      <p>By choosing the radial approach as the preferred access for treating patients with NSTEMI, known to be associated with a lower risk of major bleeding when compared to the femoral approach,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> as well as the use of fondaparinux instead of enoxaparin, minimizing the risk of supratherapeutic dosage (the prophylactic daily dose for venous thromboembolism, 2.5 mg subcutaneously, is the same used in the treatment of NSTEMI), and inadvertent crossover between heparins (unfractionated heparin is the anticoagulant of choice in Brazilian Cath labs, and its supplementation is required for patients treated with fondaparinux),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> two important fronts for the prevention of hemorrhagic and ischemic events are offered, which act synergistically, as demonstrated in this publication.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Association between the Use of Fondaparinux Plus Radial Access and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Non-ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
