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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">hN3ttGGPhHbvBPxKzrTm3Fy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000900302</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00302</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250037</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Identifica&#231;&#227;o de Fen&#243;tipos de Hipertens&#227;o entre os Sexos: Um Estudo de Vida Real com 7.852 Pacientes em Tratamento</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4361-936X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Costa Duarte</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kato</surname>
            <given-names>S&#233;rgio Kakuta</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6652-1533</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mota-Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1582-7268</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2077-3751</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Eibel</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Servi&#231;o de Hipertens&#227;o e Cariometabolismo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Misetic&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Hipertens&#227;o e Cariometabolismo do Hospital S&#227;o Francisco da Santa Casa de Misetic&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Feevale</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Novo Hamburgo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Pronto Socorro Cardiol&#243;gico Universit&#225;rio de Pernambuco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pronto Socorro Cardiol&#243;gico Universit&#225;rio de Pernambuco &#8211; PROCAPE, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Macei&#243;</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">AL</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Macei&#243;, AL &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Setor de Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares, Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (UNIFESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Faculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia/Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia</label> Eduardo Costa Duarte Barbosa &#8226; Universidade Feevale, ERS-239, 2755. CEP 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, RS - Brasil E-mail: <email>edubarbosa@terra.com.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Paulo B. Veiga Jardim</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse:</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250037</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>Este &#233; um artigo de acesso aberto distribu&#237;do sob os termos da licen&#231;a de atribui&#231;&#227;o pelo Creative Commons</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="commentary" id="r1" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250530" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> Embora os limiares de press&#227;o arterial (PA) estejam bem definidos, h&#225; escassez de dados sobre os poss&#237;veis fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial entre os sexos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Identificar os fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial em homens e mulheres com hipertens&#227;o em tratamento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Foram inclu&#237;dos adultos com hipertens&#227;o arterial, entre 18 e 80 anos, em tratamento medicamentoso, recrutados oportunisticamente em diversas regi&#245;es do Brasil. As avalia&#231;&#245;es inclu&#237;ram medidas de PA em consult&#243;rio e por monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da PA (MRPA). Foram considerados quatro fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial: i) hipertens&#227;o controlada: PA &lt; 140/90 mmHg e MRPA &lt; 130/80 mmHg; ii) hipertens&#227;o do avental branco n&#227;o controlada: PA &#8805; 140/90 mmHg e MRPA &lt; 130/80 mmHg; iii) hipertens&#227;o mascarada n&#227;o controlada: PA &lt; 140/90 mmHg e MRPA &#8805; 130/80 mmHg; iv) hipertens&#227;o sustentada n&#227;o controlada: PA &#8805; 140/90 mmHg e MRPA &#8805; 130/80 mmHg. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi de 5% (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Dos 7.852 pacientes avaliados, todos em uso de medica&#231;&#227;o anti-hipertensiva, 3.162 (40,3%) apresentaram hipertens&#227;o controlada, sendo 1.115 (37,6%) homens e 2.047 (41,9%) mulheres (p &lt; 0,001); 675 (8,6%) apresentaram hipertens&#227;o do avental branco n&#227;o controlada, sendo 217 (7,3%) homens e 458 (9,4%) mulheres (p &lt; 0,001); 1.605 (20,4%) apresentaram hipertens&#227;o mascarada n&#227;o controlada, sendo 645 (21,7%) homens e 960 (19,7%) mulheres (p &lt; 0,001); e 2.410 (30,7%) apresentaram hipertens&#227;o sustentada n&#227;o controlada, sendo 992 (33,4%) homens e 1.418 (29%) mulheres (p &lt; 0,001).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
          <p> Este &#233; o primeiro estudo populacional brasileiro a avaliar fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o por sexo. As mulheres apresentaram melhor controle press&#243;rico em compara&#231;&#227;o aos homens, tanto em consult&#243;rio quanto em ambiente domiciliar.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura Central:</label>
            <caption>
              <title>XIdentifica&#231;&#227;o de Fen&#243;tipos de Hipertens&#227;o entre os Sexos: Um Estudo de Vida Real com 7.852 Pacientes em Tratamento</title>
            </caption>
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          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Fen&#243;tipo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
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        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A press&#227;o arterial (PA) elevada &#233; um dos principais fatores de risco para a carga global de doen&#231;as.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCVs), especialmente o acidente vascular cerebral e a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, t&#234;m sido a principal causa de mortalidade no Brasil nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas. Entre as DCVs, a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana &#233; a mais letal, respondendo por 31% dos &#243;bitos por causas cardiovasculares, seguida pelas doen&#231;as cerebrovasculares (30%), pela cardiopatia hipertensiva (14%) e por outras formas de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca, principalmente a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva (18%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Existem quatro fen&#243;tipos distintos de hipertens&#227;o arterial. Os termos hipertens&#227;o do avental branco e hipertens&#227;o mascarada foram originalmente definidos para indiv&#237;duos n&#227;o tratados; no entanto, esses padr&#245;es de varia&#231;&#227;o da PA, dentro e fora do consult&#243;rio, tamb&#233;m ocorrem em pacientes em uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. Para esses casos, adotam-se as seguintes classifica&#231;&#245;es: i) hipertens&#227;o controlada (HC), quando a PA est&#225; normal tanto no consult&#243;rio quanto fora dele; ii) hipertens&#227;o sustentada n&#227;o controlada (HSNC), quando a PA est&#225; elevada em ambos os ambientes; iii) HAB n&#227;o controlada (HABNC), quando a PA &#233; elevada no consult&#243;rio e normal fora dele; e iv) HM n&#227;o controlada (HMNC), quando a PA &#233; normal no consult&#243;rio, mas elevada fora dele. As preval&#234;ncias estimadas no Brasil para esses fen&#243;tipos variam entre 31-41% (HC), 28-41% (HSNC), 19-20% (HMNC) e 7-9% (HABNC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Embora a preval&#234;ncia varie entre os estudos, a HAB pode ser identificada em aproximadamente 15% a 19% dos indiv&#237;duos avaliados em consult&#243;rio, sendo mais comum em pacientes com hipertens&#227;o arterial em est&#225;gio 1. Diversos fatores podem contribuir para eleva&#231;&#245;es da PA fora do consult&#243;rio em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;s medi&#231;&#245;es no ambiente cl&#237;nico, dependendo da popula&#231;&#227;o analisada. Entre esses fatores est&#227;o: idade avan&#231;ada, sexo masculino, tabagismo, consumo de &#225;lcool, pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, ansiedade, estresse, obesidade, diabetes melito, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica e hist&#243;rico familiar de hipertens&#227;o arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A &#250;ltima diretriz brasileira manteve os crit&#233;rios anteriores, considerando como hipertenso o indiv&#237;duo com PA sist&#243;lica (PAS) &#8805; 140 mmHg e/ou PA diast&#243;lica (PAD) &#8805; 90 mmHg em medidas de consult&#243;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Recomenda-se que a PA no consult&#243;rio seja categorizada como n&#227;o elevada, elevada ou hipertens&#227;o, a fim de orientar as decis&#245;es terap&#234;uticas, conforme as novas diretrizes de 2024 da European Society of Cardiology (ESC) para o tratamento da PA elevada e da hipertens&#227;o arterial. O diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o arterial ou PA elevada deve ser confirmado por medi&#231;&#245;es fora do consult&#243;rio, por meio da monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da PA (MRPA) ou da monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da PA (MAPA), ou, no m&#237;nimo, por uma nova aferi&#231;&#227;o em consult&#243;rio. Al&#233;m disso, quando a PA no consult&#243;rio estiver entre 120-139/70-89 mmHg, o paciente deve ser classificado como portador de PA elevada, sendo recomendada a estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco de DCV para guiar a conduta. Para pacientes com hipertens&#227;o arterial (PA &#8805; 140/90 mmHg), considera-se que todos apresentam risco cardiovascular suficientemente alto para se beneficiarem do tratamento farmacol&#243;gico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Embora os limiares de PA estejam bem estabelecidos, ainda h&#225; uma lacuna de informa&#231;&#245;es sobre os diferentes fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial entre os sexos &#8212; quest&#227;o que este estudo se prop&#244;s a investigar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Desenho do estudo e popula&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Trata-se de um estudo transversal multic&#234;ntrico de vida real, baseado no Registro Nacional do Controle da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Avaliado pela Medida de Consult&#243;rio e Residencial no Brasil (Registro LHAR). Foram inclu&#237;dos pacientes com hipertens&#227;o arterial, homens e mulheres adultos, com idades entre 18 e 80 anos, recrutados oportunisticamente entre 2019 e 2023. A triagem foi realizada em cl&#237;nicas participantes, localizadas na maioria das regi&#245;es do Brasil.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aferi&#231;&#227;o da PA</title>
        <p>Todos os profissionais respons&#225;veis pela aferi&#231;&#227;o da PA foram previamente treinados e seguiram um protocolo padronizado para garantir a uniformidade das medi&#231;&#245;es. Os participantes realizaram as medi&#231;&#245;es em posi&#231;&#227;o sentada, com leituras feitas em intervalos de 1 minuto.</p>
        <p>Tanto as medidas de PA em consult&#243;rio quanto as da MRPA foram obtidas com o equipamento eletr&#244;nico HEM-7320 (OMRON HEALTHCARE Co., Ltd. 53, Kyoto, Jap&#227;o). O protocolo da MRPA incluiu duas medi&#231;&#245;es no consult&#243;rio e seis medi&#231;&#245;es domiciliares por dia (tr&#234;s pela manh&#227; e tr&#234;s &#224; tarde/noite), durante 4 dias consecutivos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A primeira aferi&#231;&#227;o (dia 1) foi realizada no consult&#243;rio, com o objetivo de demonstrar o procedimento ao paciente ou acompanhante. As aferi&#231;&#245;es domiciliares ocorreram nos dias 2, 3, 4 e 5.</p>
        <p>As leituras da MRPA foram enviadas para a plataforma TeleMRPA (www.telemrpa.com) para an&#225;lise e emiss&#227;o dos laudos. Para as an&#225;lises, foram consideradas as m&#233;dias da PAS e da PAD.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Vari&#225;veis coletadas</title>
        <p>Tamb&#233;m foi aplicado um question&#225;rio para coleta de dados demogr&#225;ficos, presen&#231;a de comorbidades, fatores de risco relacionados ao estilo de vida e uso de medicamentos anti-hipertensivos. O &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) dos participantes variou entre 18,5 kg/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> (peso normal) e 40 kg/m<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2"><sup>2</sup></xref> (obesidade grau III).</p>
        <p>Foram considerados os seguintes fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial: i) HC: PA &lt; 140/90 mmHg e MRPA &lt; 130/80 mmHg; ii) HABNC: PA &#8805; 140/90 mmHg e MRPA &lt; 130/80 mmHg; iii) HMNC: PA &lt; 140/90 mmHg e MRPA &#8805; 130/80 mmHg; iv) HSNC: PA &#8805; 140/90 mmHg e MRPA &#8805; 130/80 mmHg.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
        <p>Os dados foram coletados localmente por meio de formul&#225;rios em papel e posteriormente enviados &#224; equipe central para tabula&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise. Todos os participantes leram e assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s (CAAE: 08208619.8.0000.5078), em conformidade com a Resolu&#231;&#227;o n&#186; 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis qualitativas foram descritas por frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas, enquanto as vari&#225;veis quantitativas foram apresentadas como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o, uma vez que n&#227;o houve viola&#231;&#227;o da suposi&#231;&#227;o de normalidade, avaliada pelo teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. A associa&#231;&#227;o geral entre os fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial e o sexo foi analisada pelo teste do qui-quadrado, com complementa&#231;&#227;o por an&#225;lise residual ajustada, a fim de identificar associa&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas entre cada fen&#243;tipo e o sexo. Para cada sexo, a compara&#231;&#227;o entre a PA m&#233;dia de consult&#243;rio e a PA m&#233;dia domiciliar foi realizada por meio do teste <italic>t</italic> de Student para amostras pareadas. As an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas foram realizadas no IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, vers&#227;o 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5% (p &lt; 0,05) foi adotado.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>No total, foram avaliados 7.852 pacientes em uso de medica&#231;&#227;o anti-hipertensiva em ambiente ambulatorial, dos quais 4.883 (62,2%) eram do sexo feminino. A m&#233;dia de idade e o IMC das mulheres foram de 61,4 &#177; 12,6 anos e 28,2 &#177; 4,4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectivamente, enquanto nos homens foram de 58,7 &#177; 12,8 anos e 28,7 &#177; 4,0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, com diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa entre os sexos para ambas as vari&#225;veis (p &lt; 0,001).</p>
      <p>Quanto aos fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial, observou-se que 3.162 (40,3%) apresentaram HC, 675 (8,6%) HABNC, 1.605 (20,4%) HMNC e 2.410 (30,7%) HSNC. A distribui&#231;&#227;o dos fen&#243;tipos por sexo e o comportamento da hipertens&#227;o arterial est&#227;o detalhados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> e na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura Central</xref>.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial por sexo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial</th>
                <th>Homens, n (%)</th>
                <th>Mulheres, n (%)</th>
                <th>Valor p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>HC</td>
                <td align="center">1.115 (37,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">2.047 (41,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HABNC</td>
                <td align="center">217 (7,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">458 (9,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HMNC</td>
                <td align="center">645 (21,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">960 (19,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HSNC</td>
                <td align="center">992 (33,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">1.418 (29,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>Frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas. Teste qui-quadrado; *n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia: p&lt;0,05. HC: hipertens&#227;o controlada; HABNC: hipertens&#227;o do avental branco n&#227;o controlada; HMNC: hipertens&#227;o mascarada n&#227;o controlada; HSNC: hipertens&#227;o sustentada n&#227;o controlada.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, foi realizada a compara&#231;&#227;o entre as m&#233;dias de PAS e PAD de consult&#243;rio e as m&#233;dias de PAS e PAD domiciliares, estratificada por sexo, conforme apresentado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Compara&#231;&#227;o entre PA de consult&#243;rio e domiciliar por sexo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Sexo</th>
                <th>Local de verifica&#231;&#227;o</th>
                <th>PAS (mmHg)</th>
                <th>PAD (mmHg)</th>
                <th>Valor p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Homens (n = 2.969)</td>
                <td align="center">Consult&#243;rio</td>
                <td align="center">132 &#177; 17</td>
                <td align="center">83 &#177; 11</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Domic&#237;lio</td>
                <td align="center">126 &#177; 13</td>
                <td align="center">78 &#177; 9</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">Mulheres (n = 4.883)</td>
                <td align="center">Consult&#243;rio</td>
                <td align="center">129 &#177; 19</td>
                <td align="center">82 &#177; 11</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Domic&#237;lio</td>
                <td align="center">122 &#177; 15</td>
                <td align="center">77 &#177; 9</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>Valores expressos em m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o. Teste t para amostras pareadas; *n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia: p&lt;0,05. PA: press&#227;o arterial; PAD: PA diast&#243;lica; PAS: PA sist&#243;lica.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> apresenta a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial entre homens e mulheres nas diferentes regi&#245;es do Brasil, evidenciando a representatividade nacional da amostra. As regi&#245;es Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul apresentaram, respectivamente, as maiores frequ&#234;ncias de HC em ambos os sexos. A regi&#227;o Nordeste tamb&#233;m apresentou a maior frequ&#234;ncia de HABNC, tanto em homens quanto em mulheres. Al&#233;m disso, as regi&#245;es Nordeste, Sudeste e Sul registraram, nessa ordem, as maiores preval&#234;ncias de HMNC e HSNC, igualmente em ambos os sexos.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Distribui&#231;&#227;o dos fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial por sexo e regi&#227;o brasileira</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="2">Regi&#227;o</th>
                <th colspan="2">HC</th>
                <th colspan="2">HABNC</th>
                <th colspan="2">HMNC</th>
                <th colspan="2">HSNC</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>Homens, n (%)</th>
                <th>Mulheres, n (%)</th>
                <th>Homens, n (%)</th>
                <th>Mulheres, n (%)</th>
                <th>Homens, n (%)</th>
                <th>Mulheres, n (%)</th>
                <th>Homens, n (%)</th>
                <th>Mulheres, n (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Centro-Oeste</td>
                <td align="center">37 (3,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (2,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (1,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (3,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (2,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (3,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (3,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">36 (2,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nordeste</td>
                <td align="center">525 (47,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">947 (46,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">101 (46,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">222 (48,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">246 (38,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">342 (35,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">376 (37,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">560 (39,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Norte</td>
                <td align="center">14 (1,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (1,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (2,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">12 (2,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (1,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (0,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (0,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">27 (1,9%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sudeste</td>
                <td align="center">303 (27,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">555 (27,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">60 (27,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">126 (27,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">225 (34,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">317 (33,0%)</td>
                <td align="center">340 (34,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">478 (33,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sul</td>
                <td align="center">233 (20,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">465 (22,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">46 (21,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">79 (17,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">147 (22,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">258 (26,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">230 (23,2%)</td>
                <td align="center">311 (21,9%)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>Frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas. HC: hipertens&#227;o controlada; HABNC: hipertens&#227;o do avental branco n&#227;o controlada; HMNC: hipertens&#227;o mascarada n&#227;o controlada; HSNC: hipertens&#227;o sustentada n&#227;o controlada.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Nossos resultados corroboram as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Medidas da Press&#227;o Arterial Dentro e Fora do Consult&#243;rio &#8211; 2023,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> ao refor&#231;ar a import&#226;ncia da aferi&#231;&#227;o da PA tanto em consult&#243;rio quanto em ambiente domiciliar. Na amostra analisada, observou-se uma propor&#231;&#227;o relativamente pequena de pacientes com HABNC, predominantemente do sexo feminino, em concord&#226;ncia com os achados de Mancia et al. (2022).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Destaca-se, contudo, o elevado percentual de indiv&#237;duos com HSNC, um achado semelhante ao relatado por Spatz et al. (2019).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> As mulheres apresentavam maior m&#233;dia de idade, por&#233;m menor IMC em compara&#231;&#227;o aos homens. No entanto, ambos os sexos estavam, majoritariamente, na faixa et&#225;ria de meia-idade e apresentavam sobrepeso &#8212; fatores de risco bem estabelecidos para o desenvolvimento de hipertens&#227;o arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em concord&#226;ncia com nossos achados, o Estudo Longitudinal da Sa&#250;de dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI-Brasil) identificou que 59,9% da amostra era composta por mulheres, com faixa et&#225;ria semelhante &#224; observada neste estudo. De modo geral, os comportamentos relacionados &#224; sa&#250;de contribu&#237;ram mais significativamente para o controle da hipertens&#227;o arterial entre as mulheres (66,3%) do que entre os homens (36,2%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Ao comparar a PA de consult&#243;rio com a PA domiciliar em cada sexo, observou-se que a maioria dos participantes apresentava HC. No entanto, nosso estudo tamb&#233;m evidenciou a presen&#231;a de tr&#234;s fen&#243;tipos menos frequentemente relatados: HABNC, HMNC e HSNC. Esses padr&#245;es merecem aten&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e valida&#231;&#227;o conceitual, refor&#231;ando a import&#226;ncia da MRPA como ferramenta essencial para um diagn&#243;stico mais preciso e para a defini&#231;&#227;o de um tratamento personalizado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A HMNC apresentou preval&#234;ncia de aproximadamente 20% em nossa amostra. Assim como ocorre com a HABNC, a preval&#234;ncia da HMNC pode variar entre diferentes popula&#231;&#245;es. No entanto, estima-se que em geral ela seja detectada em 7-9% dos indiv&#237;duos avaliados em consult&#243;rio, podendo alcan&#231;ar at&#233; 15% em determinados grupos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Nosso estudo incluiu uma ampla amostra de pacientes avaliados em consult&#243;rio, seguindo as diretrizes vigentes para o monitoramento da PA e realizando a compara&#231;&#227;o com as medidas domiciliares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> No entanto, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel assegurar que todas as medi&#231;&#245;es domiciliares tenham seguido rigorosamente as recomenda&#231;&#245;es estabelecidas para aferi&#231;&#227;o da PA em consult&#243;rio, apesar das orienta&#231;&#245;es fornecidas para a realiza&#231;&#227;o da MRPA. Trata-se do primeiro estudo populacional brasileiro a avaliar os fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial segundo o sexo. Contudo, n&#227;o foram investigadas quest&#245;es relacionadas ao g&#234;nero, como o uso de horm&#244;nios e suas poss&#237;veis implica&#231;&#245;es nos resultados. Por fim, destaca-se a representatividade da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada, bem como sua ampla distribui&#231;&#227;o geogr&#225;fica.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Este &#233; o primeiro estudo populacional brasileiro a avaliar os fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o arterial segundo o sexo. As mulheres apresentaram menores n&#237;veis de PA, tanto em consult&#243;rio quanto em ambiente domiciliar, em compara&#231;&#227;o aos homens. Al&#233;m disso, demonstraram melhor controle da hipertens&#227;o arterial, com maior preval&#234;ncia dos fen&#243;tipos HC e HABNC, enquanto os homens apresentaram, com maior frequ&#234;ncia, os fen&#243;tipos HSNC e HMNC.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Os autores agradecem a todos os pesquisadores locais, volunt&#225;rios e &#224; Servier do Brasil pelo apoio.</p>
    </ack>
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      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Uso de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial:</label>
        <p> Os autores n&#227;o utilizaram ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
        <label>Disponibilidade de Dados:</label>
        <p> Os conte&#250;dos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa est&#227;o contidos no manuscrito.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento:</label>
        <p> O presente estudo foi financiado pela Servier Brasil.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250037i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Identification of Hypertension Phenotypes by Sex: A Real-World Study of 7,852 Treated Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4361-936X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Costa Duarte</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kato</surname>
            <given-names>S&#233;rgio Kakuta</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6652-1533</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mota-Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1582-7268</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6001">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2077-3751</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Eibel</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9001">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Hipertens&#227;o e Cariometabolismo do Hospital S&#227;o Francisco da Santa Casa de Misetic&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Feevale, Novo Hamburgo, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pronto Socorro Cardiol&#243;gico Universit&#225;rio de Pernambuco &#8211; PROCAPE, Recife, PE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC - Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Macei&#243;, AL &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Setor de Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares, Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (UNIFESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil </country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Faculdade de Medicina, Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9001">
        <label>9</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Cardiologia/Funda&#231;&#227;o Universit&#225;ria de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><label>Mailing Address</label> Eduardo Costa Duarte Barbosa &#8226; Universidade Feevale, ERS-239, 2755. Postal Code 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, RS - Brazil E-mail: edubarbosa@terra.com.br </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Paulo B. Veiga Jardim</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest:</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <related-article related-article-type="commentary" id="r2" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250530i" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> Although blood pressure (BP) thresholds are well established, there is a lack of data on potential hypertension phenotypes across sexes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p> To identify hypertension phenotypes in men and women undergoing antihypertensive treatment.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> Adults aged 18 to 80 years with diagnosed hypertension and undergoing pharmacological treatment were opportunistically recruited from various regions of Brazil. Assessments included office BP measurements and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM). Four hypertension phenotypes were defined: (i) controlled hypertension: office BP &lt; 140/90 mmHg and HBPM &lt; 130/80 mmHg; (ii) white-coat uncontrolled hypertension: office BP &#8805; 140/90 mmHg and HBPM &lt; 130/80 mmHg; (iii) masked uncontrolled hypertension: office BP &lt; 140/90 mmHg and HBPM &#8805; 130/80 mmHg; (iv) sustained uncontrolled hypertension: office BP &#8805; 140/90 mmHg and HBPM &#8805; 130/80 mmHg. A significance level of 5% (p &lt; 0.05) was adopted.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> Among the 7,852 patients on antihypertensive therapy, 3,162 (40.3%) had controlled hypertension, including 1,115 (37.6%) men and 2,047 (41.9%) women (p &lt; 0.001); 675 (8.6%) had white-coat uncontrolled hypertension, with 217 (7.3%) men and 458 (9.4%) women (p &lt; 0.001); 1,605 (20.4%) had masked uncontrolled hypertension, including 645 (21.7%) men and 960 (19.7%) women (p &lt; 0.001); and 2,410 (30.7%) had sustained uncontrolled hypertension, including 992 (33.4%) men and 1,418 (29%) women (p &lt; 0.001).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p> This is the first Brazilian population-based study to assess hypertension phenotypes by sex. Women demonstrated better BP control than men, both in clinical settings and at home.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Central Illustration:</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Identification of Hypertension Phenotypes by Sex: A Real-World Study of 7,852 Treated Patients</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-09-e20250037-50037-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Phenotype</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Elevated blood pressure (BP) is one of the leading risk factors for the global burden of disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly stroke and coronary artery disease, have been the primary cause of mortality in Brazil over recent decades. Among CVDs, coronary artery disease is the most lethal, accounting for 31% of cardiovascular deaths, followed by cerebrovascular diseases (30%), hypertensive heart disease (14%), and other forms of heart disease, mainly congestive heart failure (18%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>There are four distinct phenotypes of arterial hypertension. The terms white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension were originally defined in untreated individuals. However, these patterns of BP variation, both inside and outside the clinical setting, also occur in patients receiving antihypertensive therapy. In such cases, the following classifications are used: (i) controlled hypertension (CH), when BP is normal both in and out of the office; (ii) sustained uncontrolled hypertension (SUH), when BP is elevated in both settings; (iii) white-coat uncontrolled hypertension (WUCH), when BP is elevated in the office but normal outside; and (iv) masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH), when BP is normal in the office but elevated outside. In Brazil, the estimated prevalence of these phenotypes ranges from 31-41% (CH), 28-41% (SUH), 19-20% (MUCH), and 7-9% (WUCH).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Although prevalence rates vary across studies, WUCH can be identified in approximately 15% to 19% of individuals evaluated in the clinical setting and is more common among patients with stage 1 hypertension. Several factors may contribute to elevated BP outside the office compared to clinical measurements, depending on the population studied. These factors include older age, male sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, anxiety, stress, obesity, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and a family history of hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The most recent Brazilian guideline retained the previous criteria, defining hypertension as a systolic BP (SBP) &#8805; 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP (DBP) &#8805; 90 mmHg based on office measurements.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Office BP be categorized as normal, elevated, or hypertensive to guide therapeutic decisions in accordance with the 2024 guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) for the management of elevated BP and arterial hypertension. The diagnosis of hypertension or elevated BP should be confirmed through out-of-office measurements, using home BP monitoring (HBPM) or ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM), or at a minimum, through repeat office measurements. In addition, when office BP falls within the range of 120-139/70-89 mmHg, the patient should be classified as having elevated BP, and cardiovascular risk stratification is recommended to guide clinical management. For individuals with hypertension (BP &#8805; 140/90 mmHg), all are considered to be at sufficiently high cardiovascular risk to benefit from pharmacological treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Although BP thresholds are well established, there remains a gap in knowledge regarding the distribution of hypertension phenotypes across sexes &#8212; a question this study aims to address.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study design and population</title>
          <p>This was a real-world, multicenter, cross-sectional study based on the National Registry of Hypertension Control Evaluated by Office and Home Measurements (The LHAR National Registry). The study included adult men and women aged 18 to 80 years with a diagnosis of hypertension, opportunistically recruited between 2019 and 2023. Screening was conducted at participating clinics located in most regions of Brazil.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>BP measurement</title>
          <p>All professionals responsible for BP measurement were previously trained and followed a standardized protocol to ensure consistency across readings. Participants underwent measurements in the seated position, with readings taken at 1-minute intervals.</p>
          <p>Both office BP and HBPM readings were obtained using the electronic device HEM-7320 (OMRON HEALTHCARE Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). The HBPM protocol included two office measurements and six home measurements per day (three in the morning and three in the afternoon/evening) over 4 consecutive days.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The first measurement (Day 1) was performed in the office to demonstrate the procedure to the patient or caregiver. Home measurements were conducted on Days 2, 3, 4, and 5.</p>
          <p>HBPM readings were submitted to the TeleMRPA platform (www.telemrpa.com) for analysis and report generation. For analysis purposes, the average systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP values were considered.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Collected variables</title>
          <p>A questionnaire was also administered to collect demographic data, the presence of comorbidities, lifestyle-related risk factors, and the use of antihypertensive medications. Participants&#8217; body mass index (BMI) ranged from 18.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (normal weight) to 40 kg/m<sup>2</sup> (class III obesity).</p>
          <p>The following hypertension phenotypes were considered: i) CH: BP &lt; 140/90 mmHg and HBPM &lt; 130/80 mmHg; ii) WUCH: BP &#8805; 140/90 mmHg and HBPM &lt; 130/80 mmHg; iii) MUCH: BP &lt; 140/90 mmHg and HBPM &#8805; 130/80 mmHg; iv) SUH: BP &#8805; 140/90 mmHg and HBPM &#8805; 130/80 mmHg.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethical considerations</title>
          <p>Data were collected locally using paper forms and subsequently sent to the central research team for tabulation and analysis. All participants read and signed the informed consent form. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s (CAAE: 08208619.8.0000.5078) in accordance with Resolution No. 466/2012 of the Brazilian National Health Council.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Qualitative variables were described using absolute and relative frequencies, while quantitative variables were presented as mean and standard deviation, as the assumption of normality was not violated, according to the Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test. The overall association between hypertension phenotypes and sex was analyzed using the chi-square test, supplemented by adjusted residual analysis to identify specific associations between each phenotype and sex. For each sex, comparisons between mean office BP and mean home BP were performed using the paired Student&#8217;s <italic>t</italic>-test. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). A significance level of 5% (p &lt; 0.05) was adopted.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 7,852 patients receiving antihypertensive medication in an outpatient setting were evaluated, of whom 4,883 (62.2%) were female. The mean age and BMI of women were 61.4 &#177; 12.6 years and 28.2 &#177; 4.4 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, while for men, the values were 58.7 &#177; 12.8 years and 28.7 &#177; 4.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. There was a statistically significant difference between sexes for both variables (p &lt; 0.001).</p>
        <p>Regarding hypertension phenotypes, 3,162 patients (40.3%) presented with CH, 675 (8.6%) with WUCH, 1,605 (20.4%) with MUCH, and 2,410 (30.7%) with SUH. The distribution of phenotypes by sex and the overall pattern of hypertension are detailed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Central Illustration</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Distribution of hypertension phenotypes by sex</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Hypertension phenotypes</th>
                  <th align="left">Men, n (%)</th>
                  <th align="left">Women, n (%)</th>
                  <th align="left">p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>CH</td>
                  <td>1,115 (37.6%)</td>
                  <td>2,047 (41.9%)</td>
                  <td>&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>WUCH</td>
                  <td>217 (7.3%)</td>
                  <td>458 (9.4%)</td>
                  <td>&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>MUCH</td>
                  <td>645 (21.7%)</td>
                  <td>960 (19.7%)</td>
                  <td>&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SUH</td>
                  <td>992 (33.4%)</td>
                  <td>1,418 (29.0%)</td>
                  <td>&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>Absolute and relative frequencies. Chi-square test; *significance level: p &lt; 0.05. CH: controlled hypertension; MUCH: masked uncontrolled hypertension; SUH: sustained uncontrolled hypertension WUCH: white-coat uncontrolled hypertension.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p/>
        <p>Besides, a comparison was performed between mean office SBP and DBP and mean home SBP and DBP, stratified by sex, as presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Comparison between office and home BP by sex</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Sex</th>
                  <th>Measurement setting</th>
                  <th>SBP (mmHg)</th>
                  <th>DBP (mmHg)</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Men (n = 2,969)</td>
                  <td align="center">Office</td>
                  <td align="center">132 &#177; 17</td>
                  <td align="center">83 &#177; 11</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Home</td>
                  <td align="center">126 &#177; 13</td>
                  <td align="center">78 &#177; 9</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">Women (n = 4,883)</td>
                  <td align="center">Office</td>
                  <td align="center">129 &#177; 19</td>
                  <td align="center">82 &#177; 11</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Home</td>
                  <td align="center">122 &#177; 15</td>
                  <td align="center">77 &#177; 9</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>Values expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation. Paired Student&#8217;s t-test; *significance level: p &lt; 0.05. BP: blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; SBP: systolic blood pressure.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> presents the distribution of hypertension phenotypes among men and women across different regions of Brazil, highlighting the national representativeness of the sample. The Northeast, Southeast, and South regions showed the highest frequencies of CH in both sexes, respectively. The Northeast region also had the highest frequency of WUCH among both men and women. Additionally, the Northeast, Southeast, and South regions, in that order, recorded the highest prevalences of MUCH and SUH, also in both sexes.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Distribution of hypertension phenotypes by sex and Brazilian region</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Region</th>
                  <th colspan="2">CH</th>
                  <th colspan="2">WUCH</th>
                  <th colspan="2">MUCH</th>
                  <th colspan="2">SUH</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Men, n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Women, n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Men, n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Women, n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Men, n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Women, n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Men, n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Women, n (%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Central-West</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (3.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (2.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (1.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (3.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (2.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (3.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (3.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">36 (2.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Northeast</td>
                  <td align="center">525 (47.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">947 (46.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">101 (46.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">222 (48.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">246 (38.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">342 (35.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">376 (37.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">560 (39.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>North</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (1.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (1.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (2.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (2.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (1.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (0.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (0.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (1.9%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Southeast</td>
                  <td align="center">303 (27.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">555 (27.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">60 (27.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">126 (27.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">225 (34.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">317 (33.0%)</td>
                  <td align="center">340 (34.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">478 (33.7%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>South</td>
                  <td align="center">233 (20.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">465 (22.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">46 (21.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">79 (17.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">147 (22.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">258 (26.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">230 (23.2%)</td>
                  <td align="center">311 (21.9%)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3001">
                <p>Absolute and relative frequencies. CH: controlled hypertension; MUCH: masked uncontrolled hypertension; SUH: sustained uncontrolled hypertension; WUCH: white-coat uncontrolled hypertension.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Our findings are consistent with the recommendations of the Brazilian Guidelines for In-office and Out-of-office Blood Pressure Measurement &#8211; 2023,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> which reinforces the importance of assessing BP both in the office and at home. In our sample, a relatively small proportion of patients had WUCH, predominantly women, which aligns with the findings of Mancia et al. (2022).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Notably, a high percentage of individuals presented with SUH, a finding similar to that reported by Spatz et al. (2019).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The mean age of women was higher than that of men, but their BMI was lower. Nonetheless, both sexes were predominantly middle-aged and classified as overweight &#8212; well-established risk factors for the development of hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In line with our findings, the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) reported that 59.9% of the sample consisted of women, with an age range similar to that observed in the present study. Overall, health-related behaviors contributed more significantly to hypertension control among women (66.3%) than among men (36.2%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
        <p>When comparing office BP with home BP in each sex, most participants were classified as having CH. However, our study also revealed the presence of three less frequently reported phenotypes: WUCH, MUCH, and SUH. These patterns warrant clinical attention and conceptual validation, underscoring the importance of HBPM as an essential tool for more accurate diagnosis and the development of personalized treatment strategies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>MUCH had a prevalence of approximately 20% in our sample. As with WUCH, the prevalence of MUCH may vary across different populations. However, it is generally estimated to be present in 7-9% of individuals assessed in the office, potentially reaching up to 15% in certain groups.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Our study included a large sample of patients evaluated in the office, in accordance with current guidelines for BP monitoring, and compared these measurements with home BP values.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> However, it was not possible to ensure that all home measurements strictly followed the standardized recommendations for office BP measurement, despite the guidance provided for HBPM. This is the first Brazilian population-based study to assess hypertension phenotypes by sex. Nonetheless, issues related to gender (e.g., hormone use and its potential implications) were not investigated. Finally, the representativeness of the studied population and its broad geographic distribution should be highlighted.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>This is the first Brazilian population-based study to assess hypertension phenotypes by sex. Women exhibited lower BP levels both in the office and at home compared to men. They also demonstrated better hypertension control, with a higher prevalence of CH and WUCH phenotypes, while men more frequently presented with SUH and MUCH phenotypes.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgments</title>
        <p>The authors thank all local researchers, volunteers, and Servier do Brasil for their support.</p>
      </ack>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Study association:</label>
          <p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate:</label>
          <p> This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s under the protocol number 08208619.8.0000.5078. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Use of Artificial Intelligence:</label>
          <p> The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
          <label>Data Availability:</label>
          <p> The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <label>Sources of funding:</label>
          <p> This study was partially funded by Servier Brasil.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
