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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">3pnWtYW8zysXdPyQYg9CXDQ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000800209</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00209</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250502</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20250502</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Terapia Herbal na P&#243;s-Menopausa</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>dos Santos e Silva Martin</surname>
            <given-names>Rosana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1435-7994</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martin</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Cuadrado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Filho Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; C&#226;mpus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Estadual Paulista</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Luis Cuadrado Martin &#8226;</bold> Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Prof. Montenegro, s/n. CEP <postal-code>18600-000</postal-code>, Botucatu, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>l.martin@unesp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>08</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250502</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright &#169; 2025 SciELO</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>SciELO</copyright-holder>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Menopausa</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Medicina Tradicional Chinesa</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A medicina tradicional chinesa e seus produtos modernos demonstraram potencial no tratamento da aterosclerose. Os poss&#237;veis mecanismos incluem a regula&#231;&#227;o dos lip&#237;dios sangu&#237;neos, antiperoxida&#231;&#227;o lip&#237;dica, antipolimeriza&#231;&#227;o, anticoagula&#231;&#227;o e pr&#243;-fibrin&#243;lise, inibi&#231;&#227;o da prolifera&#231;&#227;o de c&#233;lulas musculares lisas e prote&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial vascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Derivados do ginseng est&#227;o sendo utilizados no tratamento da menopausa<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> e da andropausa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O artigo "Tratamento Cr&#244;nico com Panax ginseng e Angelica keiskei Reduz a Press&#227;o Arterial e Melhora a Fun&#231;&#227;o Endotelial em Ratas Ovariectomizadas", publicado neste peri&#243;dico,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> obteve melhora na press&#227;o arterial em ratas ovariectomizadas tratadas com Panax ginseng e Angelica keiskei. Este efeito foi associado &#224; melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Ginsenos&#237;deos (de Panax ginseng),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> assim como chalconas, cumarinas e flavononas (de Angelica keiskei), s&#227;o subst&#226;ncias com propriedades documentadas de redu&#231;&#227;o de inflama&#231;&#227;o, estresse oxidativo, glicose, fibrose e press&#227;o arterial, al&#233;m de propriedades antimicrobianas, antitumorais, laxativas e galactagogas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Panax ginseng &#233; uma planta antiga com usos medicinais enraizados na Medicina Tradicional Chinesa. Esta planta ativa a enzima eNOS (&#243;xido n&#237;trico sintase endotelial), que converte L-arginina em L-citrulina e NO, levando &#224; ativa&#231;&#227;o da enzima guanilato ciclase sol&#250;vel no m&#250;sculo liso, induzindo vasorrelaxamento e, consequentemente, diminui&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os flavonoides presentes na Angelica keiskei possuem uma estrutura complexa que inibe a enzima conversora de angiotensina, uma enzima essencial na regula&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial. Estudos com extratos de Angelica keiskei indicam que eles exercem efeitos protetores vasculares contra a vasoconstri&#231;&#227;o induzida pela fenilefrina por meio de mecanismos como o NO e o fator relaxante derivado do endot&#233;lio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo em quest&#227;o n&#227;o foi capaz de diferenciar os efeitos de cada componente da associa&#231;&#227;o de ervas. Al&#233;m disso, n&#227;o &#233; imposs&#237;vel que o efeito observado seja atribu&#237;vel a apenas uma das subst&#226;ncias testadas, visto que Panax ginseng e Angelica keiskei foram utilizados em associa&#231;&#227;o, e nenhum estudo adicional foi realizado com cada fitoterapia isoladamente.</p>
    <p>A inflama&#231;&#227;o e o estresse oxidativo est&#227;o envolvidos em m&#250;ltiplos processos fisiopatol&#243;gicos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> culminando na disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial. Por outro lado, dist&#250;rbios da fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial est&#227;o envolvidos na patog&#234;nese da hipertens&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> O decl&#237;nio hormonal feminino &#233; apontado como causa de disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial e hipertens&#227;o em mulheres na p&#243;s-menopausa. Al&#233;m disso, a hipertens&#227;o que acompanha a menopausa pode causar diversas complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares. Portanto, se espera que a suplementa&#231;&#227;o hormonal possa mitigar o alto risco cardiovascular do per&#237;odo p&#243;s-menopausa.</p>
    <p>No entanto, muitos ensaios cl&#237;nicos experimentais n&#227;o conseguiram demonstrar o efeito da terapia hormonal na atenua&#231;&#227;o do risco cardiovascular em mulheres na p&#243;s-menopausa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Esses ensaios utilizaram horm&#244;nios animais ou an&#225;logos sint&#233;ticos para reposi&#231;&#227;o. Existem v&#225;rios an&#225;logos vegetais para horm&#244;nios femininos. Esses an&#225;logos n&#227;o foram testados neste contexto cl&#237;nico de pacientes. Outras terapias fitoter&#225;picas t&#234;m o potencial de reverter o aumento desvantajoso da inflama&#231;&#227;o, do estresse oxidativo e da disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial.</p>
    <p>Os resultados do artigo apresentado t&#234;m implica&#231;&#245;es fisiopatol&#243;gicas e abrem a possibilidade da terapia fitoter&#225;pica para mitigar e prevenir doen&#231;as cardiovasculares em mulheres na p&#243;s-menopausa. Portanto, esta linha de pesquisa tem o potencial de contribuir para a compreens&#227;o do tratamento de humanos com essa entidade nosol&#243;gica. Vale ressaltar que j&#225; existem evid&#234;ncias para a profilaxia da hipertens&#227;o e o uso dessa terapia fitoter&#225;pica em humanos.</p>
    <p>&#201; importante ressaltar que a terapia com estrog&#234;nio tem o mesmo efeito sobre a disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial e a press&#227;o arterial que a fitoterapia, mas, quando testada em ensaios cl&#237;nicos com mulheres, o desfecho cardiovascular n&#227;o melhorou nem piorou. Assim como a terapia com estrog&#234;nio, a fitoterapia para mulheres na menopausa precisa ser testada em ensaios cl&#237;nicos com humanos. O presente artigo incentiva ensaios cl&#237;nicos, mas n&#227;o indica qualquer uso cl&#237;nico desta fitoterapia.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Tratamento Cr&#244;nico com Panax ginseng e Angelica keiskei Reduz a Press&#227;o Arterial e Melhora a Fun&#231;&#227;o Endotelial em Ratas Ovariectomizadas</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250502i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Herbal Therapy in Post-Menopause</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>dos Santos e Silva Martin</surname>
            <given-names>Rosana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1435-7994</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martin</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Cuadrado</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista J&#250;lio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; C&#226;mpus de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Botucatu</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Luis Cuadrado Martin &#8226;</bold> Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) - Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Prof. Montenegro, s/n. Posal Code <postal-code>18600-000</postal-code>, Botucatu, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>l.martin@unesp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Menopause</kwd>
        <kwd>High Blood Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Traditional Chinese Medicine</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Traditional Chinese medicine and its modern products have shown potential in treating atherosclerosis. The possible mechanisms include regulation of blood lipids, anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-polymerization, anticoagulation, and pro-fibrinolysis, inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, and protection of vascular endothelial function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ginseng derivatives are being used in menopause<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> treatment and andropause treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The paper "Chronic Treatment with Panax ginseng and Angelica keiskei Decreases Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function in Ovariectomized Rats", published in this journal,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> obtained improvement in blood pressure in ovariectomized rats treated by Panax ginseng and Angelica keiskei This effect was associated with amelioration of endothelial function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Ginsenosides (from Panax ginseng),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> as well as chalcones, coumarins, and flavanones (from Angelica keiskei), are substances with documented properties of reduction of inflammation, oxidative stress, glycosis, fibrosis, and blood pressure, in parallel with antimicrobial, antitumor, laxative, and galactagogue properties.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Panax ginseng is an ancient plant with medicinal uses rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This plant activates the enzyme eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), which converts L-arginine into L-citrulline and NO, leading to activation of the soluble guanylate cyclase enzyme in smooth muscle, inducing vasorelaxation and, consequently, a decrease in blood pressure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Flavonoids in Angelica keiskei possess a complex structure that inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme, a key enzyme in regulating blood pressure. Angelica keiskei extracts, studies indicate that they exert vascular protective effects against phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction through NO and endothelium-derived relaxing factor mechanisms.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The study in question was not capable of differentiating the effects of each component of the herbal association. Furthermore, it is not impossible that the observed effect would be attributable to only one of the tested substances, as Panax ginseng and Angelica keiskei were used in association, and no additional study was performed with each herbal therapy isolated.</p>
      <p>Inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in multiple pathophysiological processes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> culminating in endothelial dysfunction. On the other hand, disorders of endothelial function are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Female hormonal decline is implicated as the cause of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in post-menopausal women. Moreover, the hypertension that accompanies menopause can cause many cardiovascular complications. Therefore, it would be expected that hormonal supplementation should mitigate the high cardiovascular risk of the post-menopausal period.</p>
      <p>Nevertheless, many investigational trials failed to demonstrate the effect of hormonal therapy to attenuate cardiovascular risk in post-menopausal women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> These trials used animal hormones or synthetic analogues for replacement. There are several vegetable analogs to female hormones. These analogues were not tested in this clinical setting of patients. Other herbal therapies have the potential to reverse the disadvantageous increase in inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.</p>
      <p>The results of the presented paper have pathophysiological implications and open the possibility of herbal therapy to mitigate and prevent cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Therefore, this line of research has the potential to bring contributions to understanding the treatment of humans with this nosological entity. It is of note that already there is evidence for the prophylaxis of hypertension, the use of this herbal therapy in humans.</p>
      <p>It is of note that estrogen therapy has the same effect on endothelial dysfunction and blood pressure as herbal therapy, but when tested in clinical trials in women, the cardiovascular outcome did not improve or worsen. Like estrogen therapy, herbal therapy for menopausal women needs to be tested in human clinical trials. The present paper encourages clinical trials, but does not indicate any clinical use of this herbal therapy.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Chronic Treatment with Panax ginseng and Angelica keiskei Decreases Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelial Function in Ovariectomized Rats</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
