<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">v6qPmM3NfHx9PpHTCK9SGnp</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000800205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250464</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20250464</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Estudo ELSA-Brasil e a Atividade F&#237;sica na Prote&#231;&#227;o Contra o Desenvolvimento de Diabetes Tipo 2</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Delevatti</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Leonel</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa dos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6327-1428</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Franzoni</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Leandro Franzoni</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) &#8211; Rua Itabora&#237;, 683. CEP <postal-code>90040-060</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>franzoni.esef@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250464</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Exerc&#237;cio F&#237;sico</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2) &#233; uma doen&#231;a de alta preval&#234;ncia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> considerada um grande problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica, que implica em custos pessoais, bem como representa um expressivo fardo financeiro aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Em sua abordagem preventiva e terap&#234;utica, o papel protetor da educa&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica tem sido estabelecido, por&#233;m a otimiza&#231;&#227;o dos seus benef&#237;cios, sobretudo analisando a rela&#231;&#227;o de caracter&#237;sticas inerentes &#224; pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica com o desenvolvimento do DMT2 &#233; algo ainda em aberto.</p>
    <p>Nesse cen&#225;rio, o artigo "Associa&#231;&#227;o Dose-Resposta entre Trajet&#243;rias de Intensidade da Atividade F&#237;sica no Lazer e Diabetes entre Homens e Mulheres no ELSA-Brasil"<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> colabora significativamente, acompanhando uma amostra expressiva de indiv&#237;duos, de diferentes locais no Brasil, testando a associa&#231;&#227;o entre diferentes doses de atividade f&#237;sica no tempo de lazer e as condi&#231;&#245;es de pr&#233;-diabetes e DMT2 em adultos e idosos. Como exposi&#231;&#227;o, os diferentes perfis de pr&#225;tica de atividade, considerados aqui como doses (produto da frequ&#234;ncia, dura&#231;&#227;o e intensidade), sendo classificados em fraco, moderado e forte, termos que fazem alus&#227;o &#224; intensidade de esfor&#231;o.</p>
    <p>Caracterizando melhor o estudo em discuss&#227;o, trata-se de um desenho longitudinal, com car&#225;ter epidemiol&#243;gico associativo, conduzido em cinco universidades p&#250;blicas e um instituto de pesquisa, contabilizando mais de 10.000 participantes, com aproximadamente 20% da amostra classificada com DMT2, com maioria do sexo masculino. De modo geral, os achados apontam maior pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica no sexo masculino, em todos os estratos de intensidade avaliados, e a alta intensidade como protetora do desenvolvimento de DMT2. Como achados gerais, foram os homens aqueles que mais praticavam atividade f&#237;sica, em todas as intensidades.</p>
    <p>Mais especificamente, as an&#225;lises associativas indicaram a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica em intensidade forte reduzindo [OR=0,63 (IC95% 0,40-0,98) homens e OR=0,33 (IC95% 0,14-0,79) mulheres] a chance de desenvolver DM2, tendo como refer&#234;ncia de compara&#231;&#227;o a intensidade moderada. Ainda, no p&#250;blico masculino, a pr&#225;tica em intensidade fraca implica em uma chance maior (OR=1,36 [IC95% 1,09-1,69]) do desenvolvimento de pr&#233;-diabetes, tamb&#233;m em rela&#231;&#227;o aos praticantes de atividade f&#237;sica moderada.</p>
    <p>A importante evid&#234;ncia de prote&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica pelas maiores intensidades deve ser tratada com cautela, tendo em vista a natureza das an&#225;lises, pois o vi&#233;s de causalidade reversa pode se fazer presente, uma vez que, especialmente em atividades com suporte do pr&#243;prio peso, como caminhada e corrida, indiv&#237;duos com pr&#233;-diabetes ou DMT2 podem ter dificuldades de realizar as maiores intensidades. Nessa dire&#231;&#227;o, os achados do referido estudo refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia da intensidade na pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica como estrat&#233;gia preventiva no desenvolvimento do DMT2. Contudo, todos aqueles que promovem ou desejam promover atividade f&#237;sica com esse fim devem considerar que a maior incid&#234;ncia das condi&#231;&#245;es em an&#225;lise ocorre entre meia idade e terceira idade, em pessoas que costumam apresentar condi&#231;&#227;o de sobrepeso ou obesidade associada a disfun&#231;&#245;es osteomioarticulares, sendo barreiras para pr&#225;ticas f&#237;sicas, sobretudo intensas, antes mesmo do diagn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Ainda, considerando o fato de que as mulheres quando praticam atividade f&#237;sica em intensidade mais forte, mesmo que em menor propor&#231;&#227;o que os homens, apresentam maiores benef&#237;cios, se destaca a necessidade de estrat&#233;gias mais direcionadas e equitativas para a promo&#231;&#227;o de atividade f&#237;sica no lazer, considerando g&#234;nero, condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica e funcional.</p>
    <p>Com base em um delineamento longitudinal robusto, com utiliza&#231;&#227;o de ferramenta de f&#225;cil aplicabilidade e baixo custo para verificar a pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, em uma amostra ampla, h&#225; a limita&#231;&#227;o natural de estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos da n&#227;o caracteriza&#231;&#227;o precisa de dom&#237;nios fisiol&#243;gicos e modalidades praticadas. Por considerar diferentes constructos como frequ&#234;ncia, dura&#231;&#227;o e intensidade, os resultados obtidos n&#227;o se restringem apenas a intensidade fraca, moderada ou forte, mas compreendem doses de diferentes magnitudes, como o pr&#243;prio t&#237;tulo indica, sendo estudo de dose-resposta. Esta compreens&#227;o composta de dose, em que a intensidade faz parte do trabalho realizado, aproxima os achados de estudos pr&#233;vios que apontaram vari&#225;veis de volume, como dura&#231;&#227;o semanal,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> frequ&#234;ncia semanal e n&#250;mero de s&#233;ries<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e progress&#227;o de carga<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> como vari&#225;veis importantes para o controle glic&#234;mico.</p>
    <p>Refor&#231;ando a discuss&#227;o, os autores citam o estudo de Alvarez et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> pela sua efic&#225;cia usando o HIIT em mulheres com DMT2. Este, como tamb&#233;m recentemente evidenciado por Garcia et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> refor&#231;am o HIIT e consequentemente a intensidade alta como importantes no controle glic&#234;mico, por&#233;m no estudo de Alvarez et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> como muitos de HIIT nesse p&#250;blico, existe substancial progress&#227;o de vari&#225;veis de volume ao longo da interven&#231;&#227;o, como aumento do n&#250;mero de est&#237;mulos, do tempo de est&#237;mulos e da densidade (rela&#231;&#227;o est&#237;mulo: recupera&#231;&#227;o), aumentando consideravelmente o tempo total de sess&#227;o ao longo de 16 semanas. Esse olhar ampliado sobre as interven&#231;&#245;es indica que se considere a import&#226;ncia da intensidade para o metabolismo glic&#234;mico, mas em um olhar associado com a quantidade e a manipula&#231;&#227;o da pr&#225;tica ao longo do tempo.</p>
    <p>Diante disso, estudos futuros devem buscar delineamentos que isolem e equalizem vari&#225;veis de carga, especialmente o volume e a intensidade, para verificar de forma mais precisa se a intensidade, de fato, &#233; um preditor independente de prote&#231;&#227;o contra o desenvolvimento do DMT2. Investiga&#231;&#245;es que estratifiquem os efeitos por tipo de exerc&#237;cio (aer&#243;bio, resistido, combinado) podem elucidar quais contextos e modalidades oferecem maior benef&#237;cio protetivo, avan&#231;ando ainda mais nessa importante tem&#225;tica, na qual este estudo do Elsa-Brasil, nos convida brilhantemente a avan&#231;ar.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Associa&#231;&#227;o Dose-Resposta entre Trajet&#243;rias de Intensidade da Atividade F&#237;sica no Lazer e Diabetes entre Homens e Mulheres no ELSA-Brasil</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>International Diabetes Federation</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>IDF Diabetes Atlas 2025 [Internet]</source>
          <publisher-loc>Brussels</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>International Diabetes Federation</publisher-name>
          <year>2025</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="access-date">[cited 2025 Jul 31]</date-in-citation>
          <comment>Avaialabe from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/idf-diabetes-atlas-2025/">https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/idf-diabetes-atlas-2025/</ext-link> </comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas 2025 [Internet]. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 31]. Avaialabe from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/idf-diabetes-atlas-2025/">https://diabetesatlas.org/resources/idf-diabetes-atlas-2025/</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pereda</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boarati</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guidetti</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Duran</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Direct and Indirect Costs of Diabetes in Brazil in 2016</article-title>
          <source>Ann Glob Health</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>88</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>14</fpage>
          <lpage>14</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5334/aogh.3000</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Pereda P, Boarati V, Guidetti B, Duran AC. Direct and Indirect Costs of Diabetes in Brazil in 2016. Ann Glob Health. 2022;88(1):14. doi: 10.5334/aogh.3000.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Duque</surname>
              <given-names>ALMS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Paula</surname>
              <given-names>DP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>DP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Molina</surname>
              <given-names>MDCB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Giatii</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schmidt</surname>
              <given-names>MI</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Dose-Response Association between Leisure-Time Physical Activity Intensity Trajectories and Diabetes among Men and Women in ELSA-Brasil</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2025</year>
          <volume>122</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20250091</elocation-id>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20250091">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20250091</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Duque ALMS, Paula DP, Santos DP, Molina MDCB, Giatii L, Schmidt MI, et al. Dose-Response Association between Leisure-Time Physical Activity Intensity Trajectories and Diabetes among Men and Women in ELSA-Brasil. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2025; 122(8):e20250091. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20250091">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20250091</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Korkiakangas</surname>
              <given-names>EE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alahuhta</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Husman</surname>
              <given-names>PM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kein&#228;nen-Kiukaanniemi</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Taanila</surname>
              <given-names>AM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laitinen</surname>
              <given-names>JH</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Motivators and Barriers to Exercise Among Adults with a High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes--A Qualitative Study</article-title>
          <source>Scand J Caring Sci</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>25</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>62</fpage>
          <lpage>69</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00791.x</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Korkiakangas EE, Alahuhta MA, Husman PM, Kein&#228;nen-Kiukaanniemi S, Taanila AM, Laitinen JH. Motivators and Barriers to Exercise Among Adults with a High Risk of Type 2 Diabetes--A Qualitative Study. Scand J Caring Sci. 2011;25(1):62-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00791.x.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Umpierre</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kramer</surname>
              <given-names>CK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leit&#227;o</surname>
              <given-names>CB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zucatti</surname>
              <given-names>AT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Azevedo</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association with HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>305</volume>
          <issue>17</issue>
          <fpage>1790</fpage>
          <lpage>1799</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2011.576</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, Leit&#227;o CB, Zucatti AT, Azevedo MJ, et al. Physical Activity Advice Only or Structured Exercise Training and Association with HbA1c Levels in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA. 2011;305(17):1790-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.576.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Umpierre</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schaan</surname>
              <given-names>BD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Volume of Supervised Exercise Training Impacts Glycaemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Regression Analysis</article-title>
          <source>Diabetologia</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>56</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>242</fpage>
          <lpage>251</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00125-012-2774-z</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Schaan BD, Ribeiro JP. Volume of Supervised Exercise Training Impacts Glycaemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Regression Analysis. Diabetologia. 2013;56(2):242-51. doi: 10.1007/s00125-012-2774-z.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Delevatti</surname>
              <given-names>RS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bracht</surname>
              <given-names>CG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lisboa</surname>
              <given-names>SDC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>RR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marson</surname>
              <given-names>EC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Netto</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Role of Aerobic Training Variables Progression on Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis</article-title>
          <source>Sports Med Open</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>5</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>22</fpage>
          <lpage>22</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s40798-019-0194-z</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Delevatti RS, Bracht CG, Lisboa SDC, Costa RR, Marson EC, Netto N, et al. The Role of Aerobic Training Variables Progression on Glycemic Control of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med Open. 2019;5(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40798-019-0194-z.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Alvarez</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ramirez-Campillo</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martinez-Salazar</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mancilla</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Flores-Opazo</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cano-Montoya</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training as a Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes</article-title>
          <source>Int J Sports Med</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>37</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>723</fpage>
          <lpage>729</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1055/s-0042-104935</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Alvarez C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Martinez-Salazar C, Mancilla R, Flores-Opazo M, Cano-Montoya J, et al. Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training as a Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37(9):723-9. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-104935.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia</surname>
              <given-names>SP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cureau</surname>
              <given-names>FV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iorra</surname>
              <given-names>FQ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bottino</surname>
              <given-names>LG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Monteiro</surname>
              <given-names>LECR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leivas</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effects of Exercise Training and Physical Activity Advice on HbA1c in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</article-title>
          <source>Diabetes Res Clin Pract</source>
          <year>2025</year>
          <volume>221</volume>
          <fpage>112027</fpage>
          <lpage>112027</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112027</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Garcia SP, Cureau FV, Iorra FQ, Bottino LG, Monteiro LECR, Leivas G, et al. Effects of Exercise Training and Physical Activity Advice on HbA1c in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025;221:112027. doi: 10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112027.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250464i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The ELSA-BRASIL Study and Physical Activity in Protecting Against the Development of Type 2 Diabetes</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Delevatti</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Leonel</surname>
            <given-names>Larissa dos Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6327-1428</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Franzoni</surname>
            <given-names>Leandro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Leandro Franzoni</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) &#8211; Rua Itabora&#237;, 683. Postal Code <postal-code>90040-060</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>franzoni.esef@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiology</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent disease,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> considered a major public health problem, which implies personal costs, as well as representing a significant financial burden on health services.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In its preventive and therapeutic approach, the protective role of physical education has been established, but the optimization of its benefits, especially analyzing the relationship between characteristics inherent to the practice of physical activity and the development of DMT2, is still open.</p>
      <p>In this scenario, the article "Dose-Response Association between Leisure-Time Physical Activity Intensity Trajectories and Diabetes among Men and Women in ELSA-Brasil"<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> collaborates significantly, following a significant sample of individuals from different locations in Brazil, testing the association between different doses of leisure-time physical activity and pre-diabetes and T2DM in adults and older adults. The exposure is based on the different activity profiles, considered here as doses (the product of frequency, duration, and intensity), classified as low, moderate, and high, terms that refer to the intensity of the effort.</p>
      <p>To better characterize the study under discussion, it is a longitudinal design with an associative epidemiological approach, conducted at five public universities and a research institute, totaling over 10,000 participants, with approximately 20% of the sample classified as having T2DM, the majority of whom were male. Overall, the findings indicate greater physical activity among men, across all intensity levels evaluated, and high-intensity exercise is protective against the development of T2DM. Overall, men were the ones who engaged in the most physical activity, at all intensities.</p>
      <p>More specifically, associative analyses indicated that practicing high-intensity physical activity reduced [OR=0.63 (95%CI 0.40-0.98) men and OR=0.33 (95%CI 0.14-0.79) women]the chance of developing DM2, using moderate intensity as a reference for comparison. Furthermore, in the male population, practicing at low intensity implies a greater chance (OR=1.36 [95%CI 1.09-1.69]) of the development of pre-diabetes, also in relation to those who practice moderate physical activity.</p>
      <p>The significant evidence of metabolic protection from higher intensities should be treated with caution, given the nature of the analyses. Reverse causality bias may be present, as individuals with pre-diabetes or T2DM may have difficulty performing higher intensities, especially in weight-bearing activities such as walking and running. In this sense, the findings of this study reinforce the importance of intensity in physical activity as a preventive strategy for the development of T2DM. However, all those who promote or wish to promote physical activity for this purpose should consider that the highest incidence of the conditions under analysis occurs between middle and old age, in people who are often overweight or obese, associated with musculoskeletal disorders, which pose barriers to physical activity, especially intense ones, even before diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Furthermore, considering the fact that women, even if to a lesser extent than men, experience greater benefits when they engage in higher-intensity physical activity, highlights the need for more targeted and equitable strategies for promoting leisure-time physical activity, considering gender, clinical status, and functional status.</p>
      <p>Based on a robust longitudinal design, using an easy-to-apply, low-cost tool to assess physical activity in a large sample, epidemiological studies are naturally limited by the lack of precise characterization of physiological domains and types of activity. Because they consider different constructs such as frequency, duration, and intensity, the results obtained are not limited to low, moderate, or high intensity, but encompass doses of varying magnitudes, as the title suggests, making this a dose-response study. This composite understanding of dose, in which intensity is part of the work performed, aligns with the findings of previous studies that identified volume variables such as weekly duration,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> weekly frequency and number of sets,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and load progression<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> as important variables for glycemic control.</p>
      <p>Reinforcing the discussion, the authors cite the study by Alvarez et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> for its effectiveness using HIIT in women with T2DM. This, as also recently demonstrated by Garcia et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> reinforces HIIT and consequently high intensity as important for glycemic control. However, in Alvarez's study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> like many HIIT studies in this population, there is a substantial progression of volume variables throughout the intervention, such as an increase in the number of stimuli, stimulus duration, and density (stimulus:recovery ratio), considerably increasing the total session time over 16 weeks. This expanded view of interventions indicates that the importance of intensity for glycemic metabolism should be considered, but in conjunction with the quantity and manipulation of the practice over time.</p>
      <p>Therefore, future studies should seek designs that isolate and equalize load variables, especially volume and intensity, to more accurately determine whether intensity is, in fact, an independent predictor of protection against the development of T2DM. Research that stratifies the effects by type of exercise (aerobic, resistance, combined) can elucidate which contexts and modalities offer the greatest protective benefit, further advancing this important topic, which this Elsa-Brasil study brilliantly invites us to pursue.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Dose-Response Association between Leisure-Time Physical Activity Intensity Trajectories and Diabetes among Men and Women in ELSA-Brasil</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
