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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">6j6Pt4vvgkhf3MRnrnLLRpz</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000700207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250471</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">abc.20250471</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Monitoramento da Temperatura Esof&#225;gica na Abla&#231;&#227;o da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial: Evid&#234;ncias em Evolu&#231;&#227;o e Novas Perspectivas</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6063-2905</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Boghossian</surname>
            <given-names>Silvia Helena Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Complexo Hospitalar Am&#233;ricas &#8211; Hospital Vit&#243;ria e Hospital Samaritano Barra</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospitalar Am&#233;ricas &#8211; Hospital Vit&#243;ria e Hospital Samaritano Barra, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Silvia Helena Cardoso Boghossian &#8226;</bold> Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto &#8211; Blv. 28 de Setembro, 77. CEP <postal-code>20551-030</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>sbogho@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>29</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250471</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Temperatura</kwd>
        <kwd>Es&#244;fago</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A abla&#231;&#227;o por radiofrequ&#234;ncia (RF) da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) &#233; uma estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica amplamente utilizada, com crescente efic&#225;cia e sofistica&#231;&#227;o t&#233;cnica. Entretanto, o procedimento n&#227;o &#233; isento de riscos, sendo a f&#237;stula &#225;trio-esof&#225;gica uma complica&#231;&#227;o rara, por&#233;m de extrema gravidade. Nesse contexto, o monitoramento da temperatura esof&#225;gica (luminal esophageal temperature &#8211; LET) surgiu como uma medida de prote&#231;&#227;o adicional, embora sua efic&#225;cia tenha sido objeto de controv&#233;rsia na literatura.</p>
    <p>O estudo "Monitoramento da Temperatura Esof&#225;gica durante a Abla&#231;&#227;o de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial: Um Estudo Randomizado"<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> apresenta evid&#234;ncias relevantes e oportunas sobre o impacto cl&#237;nico do LET, especialmente ao comparar sondas de sensor &#250;nico com sondas multissensoriais durante a abla&#231;&#227;o de FA. Trata-se de uma abordagem metodol&#243;gica robusta, com desenho randomizado, que contribui significativamente para o refinamento das pr&#225;ticas de seguran&#231;a no procedimento.</p>
    <p>Diversos estudos pr&#233;vios demonstraram resultados divergentes quanto &#224; utilidade do LET.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Singh et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> relataram redu&#231;&#227;o significativa na incid&#234;ncia de les&#245;es esof&#225;gicas com o uso de sondas t&#233;rmicas. Por outro lado, o estudo OPERA, de car&#225;ter multic&#234;ntrico e randomizado, n&#227;o evidenciou benef&#237;cio claro na utiliza&#231;&#227;o do LET em termos de redu&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es detectadas por endoscopia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, trabalhos como o de Ayoub et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> mostraram que picos de temperatura esof&#225;gica n&#227;o necessariamente se correlacionam com a presen&#231;a de les&#245;es mucosas ou submucosas. Tais dados levaram a questionamentos quanto &#224; sensibilidade e especificidade do monitoramento t&#233;rmico esof&#225;gico tradicional.</p>
    <p>Neste cen&#225;rio, o estudo publicado no ABC Cardiol<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> se destaca por oferecer uma compara&#231;&#227;o direta entre sondas de sensor &#250;nico e sondas multissensoriais. Os autores demonstraram, de forma consistente, a superioridade da sonda multissensor na detec&#231;&#227;o de aumentos cr&#237;ticos de temperatura esof&#225;gica, permitindo interven&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas imediatas &#8212; como a interrup&#231;&#227;o da energia ou o ajuste de pot&#234;ncia &#8212; e resultando em menor incid&#234;ncia de les&#245;es esof&#225;gicas na endoscopia de seguimento.</p>
    <p>Tal benef&#237;cio pode ser atribu&#237;do &#224; maior cobertura longitudinal e &#224; distribui&#231;&#227;o t&#233;rmica mais abrangente proporcionada pela sonda multissensor, que monitora simultaneamente diferentes pontos ao longo do trajeto esof&#225;gico. Estudos anteriores, como o de Carroll et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> j&#225; haviam sugerido essa vantagem t&#233;cnica, demonstrando maior sensibilidade na detec&#231;&#227;o de epis&#243;dios de hipertermia com as sondas multissensoriais em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224;s de sensor &#250;nico.</p>
    <p>Adicionalmente, os resultados apontam para menor incid&#234;ncia de sintomas gastrointestinais no p&#243;s-procedimento nos pacientes do grupo multissensor, sugerindo n&#227;o apenas efic&#225;cia preventiva, mas tamb&#233;m impacto positivo na recupera&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica. Halbfass et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> corroboram esses achados ao demonstrar, em estudo controlado, redu&#231;&#227;o da les&#227;o esof&#225;gica com sondas multissensoriais dotadas de m&#250;ltiplos termopares.</p>
    <p>Apesar dessas evid&#234;ncias favor&#225;veis, &#233; importante reconhecer que o monitoramento t&#233;rmico &#8212; mesmo com sondas avan&#231;adas &#8212; n&#227;o elimina completamente o risco de les&#227;o. A dist&#226;ncia entre o es&#244;fago e a parede posterior do &#225;trio esquerdo, bem como varia&#231;&#245;es anat&#244;micas e t&#233;cnicas, ainda representam desafios para a detec&#231;&#227;o precisa e a preven&#231;&#227;o total da les&#227;o t&#233;rmica. Entretanto, a ado&#231;&#227;o de sondas com m&#250;ltiplos sensores representa uma evolu&#231;&#227;o significativa na estrat&#233;gia de prote&#231;&#227;o esof&#225;gica, sendo, atualmente, a abordagem mais sens&#237;vel e reativa dispon&#237;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Dessa forma, os resultados apresentados neste estudo devem influenciar as pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas e as futuras diretrizes de seguran&#231;a na abla&#231;&#227;o da FA. A implementa&#231;&#227;o rotineira do monitoramento com sondas multissensoriais, particularmente em centros com protocolos de alta pot&#234;ncia, pode representar uma medida eficaz para aumentar a seguran&#231;a do procedimento sem comprometer sua efic&#225;cia.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Monitoramento da Temperatura Esof&#225;gica durante a Abla&#231;&#227;o de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial: Um Estudo Randomizado</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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          <article-title>Prevention of Atrial-Esophageal Fistula after Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation</article-title>
          <source>Curr Opin Cardiol</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>26</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>5</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/HCO.0b013e328341387d</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Dagres N, Anastasiou-Nana M. Prevention of Atrial-Esophageal Fistula after Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2011;26(1):1-5. doi: 10.1097/HCO.0b013e328341387d.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250471i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Esophageal Temperature Monitoring during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Evolving Evidence and New Perspectives</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6063-2905</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Boghossian</surname>
            <given-names>Silvia Helena Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Complexo Hospitalar Am&#233;ricas &#8211; Hospital Vit&#243;ria e Hospital Samaritano Barra, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Silvia Helena Cardoso Boghossian &#8226;</bold> Hospital Universit&#225;rio Pedro Ernesto &#8211; Blv. 28 de Setembro, 77. Postal Code <postal-code>20551-030</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>sbogho@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Radiofrequency Ablation</kwd>
        <kwd>Temperature</kwd>
        <kwd>Esophagus</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Radiofrequency (RF) ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a widely used therapeutic strategy, with increasing efficacy and technical sophistication. However, the procedure is not without risks, with atrioesophageal fistula being a rare but extremely serious complication. In this context, luminal esophageal temperature (LET) monitoring has emerged as an additional protective measure, although its effectiveness has been the subject of controversy in the literature.</p>
      <p>The study "Esophageal Temperature Monitoring during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Randomized Study"<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> presents relevant and timely evidence regarding the clinical impact of LET, especially in comparing single-sensor versus multi-sensor probes during AF ablation. It is a methodologically robust, randomized study that significantly contributes to refining safety practices in this procedure.</p>
      <p>Previous studies have reported divergent results regarding the utility of LET.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Singh et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> observed a significant reduction in the incidence of esophageal lesions with the use of thermal probes. On the other hand, the OPERA trial, a multicenter randomized study, did not show a clear benefit of LET use in reducing endoscopically detected lesions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Additionally, studies such as Ayoub et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> showed that esophageal temperature spikes do not necessarily correlate with mucosal or submucosal injuries. These findings raised concerns about the sensitivity and specificity of traditional esophageal thermal monitoring.</p>
      <p>In this scenario, the study published in ABC Cardiol<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> stands out by providing a direct comparison between single-sensor and multi-sensor probes. The authors consistently demonstrated the superiority of the multi-sensor probe in detecting critical esophageal temperature rises, allowing immediate clinical interventions&#8212;such as energy interruption or power adjustment&#8212;and resulting in a lower incidence of esophageal lesions on follow-up endoscopy.</p>
      <p>This benefit may be attributed to the greater longitudinal coverage and broader thermal distribution provided by the multi-sensor probe, which simultaneously monitors different points along the esophageal path. Previous studies, such as Carroll et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> have already suggested this technical advantage, showing increased sensitivity in detecting hyperthermia episodes with multi-sensor probes compared to single-sensor ones.</p>
      <p>Additionally, the results point to a lower incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the post-procedure period among patients in the multi-sensor group, suggesting not only preventive efficacy but also a positive impact on clinical recovery. Halbfass et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> support these findings by demonstrating, in a controlled study, a reduction in esophageal injury with multi-sensor probes equipped with multiple thermocouples.</p>
      <p>Despite this favorable evidence, it is important to recognize that thermal monitoring&#8212;even with advanced probes&#8212;does not completely eliminate the risk of injury. The distance between the esophagus and the posterior wall of the left atrium, along with anatomical and technical variations, still pose challenges to accurate detection and full prevention of thermal injury. However, the adoption of multi-sensor probes represents a significant advancement in esophageal protection strategies and currently stands as the most sensitive and responsive approach available.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Therefore, the results presented in this study should influence clinical practice and future safety guidelines in AF ablation. Routine implementation of multi-sensor probe monitoring, particularly in centers with high-power protocols, may represent an effective measure to enhance procedural safety without compromising efficacy.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Esophageal Temperature Monitoring during Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: A Randomized Study</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
