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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">BFSKR3dY7jh4mBd4vjRxbTM</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000700205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250396</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20250396</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Abla&#231;&#227;o de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial: Ainda Estamos Procurando a Melhor Op&#231;&#227;o?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8803-8115</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Faganello</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Simonetto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1489-5349</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pimentel</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Mauricio Pimentel</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre - Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP <postal-code>90000-000</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil E-mail: <email>mpimentelrs@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250396</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) est&#225; independentemente associada a riscos aumentados de mortalidade, acidente vascular cerebral, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, comprometimento da qualidade de vida e decl&#237;nio cognitivo. O controle do ritmo card&#237;aco demonstrou ser superior ao controle da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca na redu&#231;&#227;o de desfechos cardiovasculares, com a abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter demonstrando maior efic&#225;cia do que a terapia medicamentosa antiarr&#237;tmica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Avan&#231;os cont&#237;nuos em t&#233;cnicas e tecnologias t&#234;m progressivamente estabelecido a abla&#231;&#227;o como um pilar fundamental no tratamento da FA.</p>
    <p>Nos &#250;ltimos anos, o mapeamento 3D e a abla&#231;&#227;o ponto a ponto evolu&#237;ram significativamente com a introdu&#231;&#227;o de cateteres com sensor de for&#231;a de contato e o desenvolvimento de m&#233;tricas de qualidade da les&#227;o, como o &#237;ndice de abla&#231;&#227;o e o &#237;ndice de tamanho da les&#227;o. Essas melhorias se traduziram em melhores resultados, tempos de procedimento reduzidos e maior seguran&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O isolamento das veias pulmonares continua sendo a pedra angular do tratamento invasivo da FA, sendo a abla&#231;&#227;o ponto a ponto por radiofrequ&#234;ncia (RF) a t&#233;cnica mais utilizada, apesar do surgimento de fontes de energia alternativas. O sucesso do procedimento depende da aplica&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es cont&#237;nuas, irrevers&#237;veis e transmurais que circundem as veias pulmonares, preservando as estruturas adjacentes, como o es&#244;fago e o nervo fr&#234;nico.</p>
    <p>A t&#233;cnica de alta pot&#234;ncia e curta dura&#231;&#227;o (HPSD) surgiu como uma alternativa &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por RF convencional, com o objetivo de produzir les&#245;es mais superficiais, por&#233;m mais amplas, aumentando o aquecimento resistivo e minimizando o aquecimento condutivo, reduzindo assim o tempo de abla&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Com base nesse conceito, a t&#233;cnica de alt&#237;ssima pot&#234;ncia e curta dura&#231;&#227;o (VHPSD) foi recentemente introduzida, fornecendo 90 watts em 4 segundos. Essa abordagem demonstrou um perfil de seguran&#231;a favor&#225;vel e altas taxas de isolamento na primeira passagem.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A abla&#231;&#227;o por campo pulsado (ACP) &#233; uma modalidade n&#227;o t&#233;rmica baseada em eletropora&#231;&#227;o irrevers&#237;vel, que utiliza pulsos el&#233;tricos ultracurtos e de alta energia para criar les&#245;es transmurais permanentes, preservando os tecidos circundantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A aus&#234;ncia de les&#227;o esof&#225;gica e suas complica&#231;&#245;es potencialmente catastr&#243;ficas t&#234;m gerado consider&#225;vel interesse na comunidade eletrofisiol&#243;gica. Dados de registros sugerem que a ACP proporciona desfechos favor&#225;veis com baixas taxas de complica&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Em um ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado comparando diretamente a ACP com a abla&#231;&#227;o por RF convencional, n&#227;o foram encontradas diferen&#231;as significativas entre as duas t&#233;cnicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, um estudo observacional recente comparando ACP e HPSD mostrou tempos de procedimento mais curtos e menores taxas de recorr&#234;ncia de FA com ACP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, uma metan&#225;lise elegante compara os resultados de ACP e VHPSD para abla&#231;&#227;o de FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> A an&#225;lise inclui quatro estudos observacionais abrangendo um total de 605 pacientes. Ambas as t&#233;cnicas demonstraram taxas de sucesso compar&#225;veis e taxas de complica&#231;&#245;es semelhantes. A ACP foi associada a um tempo total de procedimento mais curto, mas a uma dura&#231;&#227;o de fluoroscopia mais longa. Este estudo &#233; clinicamente relevante, pois fornece uma compara&#231;&#227;o oportuna entre duas estrat&#233;gias contempor&#226;neas de abla&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, uma limita&#231;&#227;o importante &#233; que apenas estudos observacionais foram inclu&#237;dos; nenhum ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado comparou diretamente ACP e VHPSD. Esses achados est&#227;o em linha com os de outra metan&#225;lise recente que aborda a mesma quest&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter est&#225; agora firmemente estabelecida como a estrat&#233;gia de controle de ritmo mais eficaz para FA. O desenvolvimento cont&#237;nuo de novas t&#233;cnicas e a busca pela estrat&#233;gia de abla&#231;&#227;o ideal permanecem altamente relevantes. H&#225; uma clara necessidade de ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados robustos comparando essas tecnologias. Al&#233;m disso, considerando as varia&#231;&#245;es de custo e acessibilidade, an&#225;lises de custo-efetividade ser&#227;o essenciais para orientar a tomada de decis&#245;es. Nesse contexto, em que a Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Card&#237;acas obteve recentemente aprova&#231;&#227;o para abla&#231;&#245;es complexas no Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS), definir a estrat&#233;gia de abla&#231;&#227;o mais eficaz ser&#225; fundamental para a formula&#231;&#227;o de pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica e a otimiza&#231;&#227;o da aloca&#231;&#227;o de recursos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Campo Pulsado versus Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia de Curta Dura&#231;&#227;o e Pot&#234;ncia Muito Alta na Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial: Uma Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Metan&#225;lise</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250396i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Are We Still Looking for the Best Shot?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8803-8115</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Faganello</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Simonetto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1489-5349</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pimentel</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Mauricio Pimentel</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal Code <postal-code>90000-000</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>mpimentelrs@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Ablation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is independently associated with increased risks of mortality, stroke, heart failure, impaired quality of life, and cognitive decline. Rhythm control has proven superior to rate control in reducing cardiovascular outcomes, with catheter ablation demonstrating greater efficacy than antiarrhythmic drug therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Continuous advances in techniques and technologies have progressively established ablation as a cornerstone in the management of AF.</p>
      <p>In recent years, 3D mapping and point-by-point ablation have evolved significantly with the introduction of contact force-sensing catheters and the development of lesion quality metrics, such as the Ablation Index and Lesion Size Index. These improvements have translated into better outcomes, reduced procedure times, and enhanced safety.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Pulmonary vein isolation remains the cornerstone of invasive AF treatment, with radiofrequency (RF) point-by-point ablation still being the most widely used technique despite the emergence of alternative energy sources. Procedural success relies on delivering continuous, irreversible, and transmural lesions encircling the pulmonary veins while sparing adjacent structures, such as the esophagus and phrenic nerve.</p>
      <p>The high-power short-duration (HPSD) technique has emerged as an alternative to conventional RF ablation, aiming to produce more superficial but wider lesions by enhancing resistive heating while minimizing conductive heating, thereby shortening ablation time.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Building upon this concept, the very high-power short-duration (VHPSD) technique was recently introduced, delivering 90 watts over 4 seconds. This approach has demonstrated a favorable safety profile and high first-pass isolation rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Pulsed-field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal modality based on irreversible electroporation, which uses high-energy, ultra-short electrical pulses to create permanent transmural lesions while preserving surrounding tissues.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The absence of esophageal injury and its potentially catastrophic complications has generated considerable interest in the electrophysiology community. Registry data suggest that PFA provides favorable outcomes with low complication rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In a randomized clinical trial directly comparing PFA with conventional RF ablation, no significant differences were found between the two techniques.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Furthermore, a recent observational study comparing PFA and HPSD showed shorter procedure times and lower AF recurrence rates with PFA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this issue of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, an elegant meta-analysis compares the outcomes of PFA and VHPSD for AF ablation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> The analysis includes four observational studies comprising a total of 605 patients. Both techniques demonstrated comparable success rates and similar complication rates. PFA was associated with a shorter total procedure time but a longer fluoroscopy duration. This study is clinically relevant as it provides a timely comparison between two contemporary ablation strategies. However, a key limitation is that only observational studies were included; no randomized clinical trials have yet directly compared PFA and VHPSD. These findings are in line with those of another recent meta-analysis addressing the same question.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Catheter ablation is now firmly established as the most effective rhythm control strategy for AF. The continuous development of novel techniques and the search for the optimal ablation strategy remain highly relevant. There is a clear need for robust randomized clinical trials comparing these technologies. Additionally, considering variations in cost and accessibility, cost-effectiveness analyses will be essential to guide decision-making. In this context, where the <italic>Sociedade Brasileira de Arritmias Card&#237;acas</italic> has recently succeeded in securing approval for complex ablations within the Brazilian public health system (SUS), defining the most effective ablation strategy will be pivotal for shaping public health policy and optimizing resource allocation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Pulsed Field Ablation Versus Very High-Power Short-Duration Radiofrequency Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
