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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">YFW4Sp687VfFXHKspgwjC3y</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000701001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250153</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20250153</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>M&#250;ltiplas Complica&#231;&#245;es Tromboemb&#243;licas em uma Paciente com Policitemia Vera</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9331-978X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zdzierak</surname>
            <given-names>Barbara</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chyrchel</surname>
            <given-names>Bernadeta</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Surdacki</surname>
            <given-names>Andrzej</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4508-3551</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bartu&#347;</surname>
            <given-names>Stanis&#322;aw</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dziewierz</surname>
            <given-names>Artur</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Clinical Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Krak&#243;w</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PL">Pol&#244;nia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Clinical Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital, Krak&#243;w - Pol&#244;nia</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Jagiellonian University Medical College</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Institute of Cardiology</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Second Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Krak&#243;w</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PL">Pol&#244;nia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak&#243;w - Pol&#244;nia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Barbara Zdzierak</bold> &#8226; Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College ul. Jakubowskiego 2, <postal-code>30-688</postal-code> Krak&#243;w - Pol&#244;nia E-mail: <email>barbarazdzierak@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Nuno Bettencourt</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250153</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Trombose</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Policitemia Vera</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A policitemia vera (PV) &#233; uma neoplasia mieloproliferativa rara, negativa para o cromossomo Filad&#233;lfia, caracterizada pela prolifera&#231;&#227;o clonal de c&#233;lulas-tronco multipotentes da medula &#243;ssea, levando &#224; eritrocitose e ao aumento da massa de gl&#243;bulos vermelhos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Pode coexistir com outros dist&#250;rbios hematol&#243;gicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A PV resulta em hiperviscosidade sangu&#237;nea, o que predisp&#245;e os pacientes &#224; trombose &#8212; a complica&#231;&#227;o mais comum e clinicamente significativa da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A mielofibrose p&#243;s-PV (MF p&#243;s-PV) representa um est&#225;gio avan&#231;ado na progress&#227;o natural da PV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Em pacientes com MF p&#243;s-PV, a trombose tamb&#233;m continua sendo uma das principais complica&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Apresentamos aqui um caso de m&#250;ltiplos eventos tromb&#243;ticos, incluindo s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, trombose arterial digital e acidente vascular encef&#225;lico isqu&#234;mico, em uma paciente com PV.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Relato de caso</title>
      <p>Mulher de 74 anos com diagn&#243;stico de PV desde 2018, baseado em n&#237;veis elevados de hemoglobina e na presen&#231;a da muta&#231;&#227;o <italic>JAK2</italic>, foi internada com dor tor&#225;cica intensa. Seu hist&#243;rico m&#233;dico inclu&#237;a suspeita de MF p&#243;s-PV (aguardando confirma&#231;&#227;o por bi&#243;psia de medula &#243;ssea), al&#233;m de hipertens&#227;o arterial, hepatite C tratada e hepatite autoimune.</p>
      <p>O eletrocardiograma (ECG) na admiss&#227;o mostrou depress&#227;o do segmento ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es I, II e V2&#8211;V6 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1A</xref>). Exames laboratoriais revelaram troponina T de alta sensibilidade em 311 ng/L (valor de refer&#234;ncia &lt; 14 ng/L). Diante da suspeita de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, a paciente foi submetida a angiografia coronariana de emerg&#234;ncia, que revelou art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias normais (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>). Assim, foi estabelecido o diagn&#243;stico de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias n&#227;o obstrutivas (MINOCA).</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Eletrocardiograma (ECG) inicial na admiss&#227;o, mostrando depress&#227;o do segmento ST nas deriva&#231;&#245;es I, II e V2&#8211;V6 (setas) (A). ECG durante o epis&#243;dio de edema pulmonar (B). ECG na alta hospitalar (C).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-07-e20250153-50153-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Angiografia coronariana sem altera&#231;&#245;es significativas nas art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-07-e20250153-50153-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Os exames laboratoriais tamb&#233;m mostraram anemia moderada e trombocitose. A ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica revelou fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo discretamente reduzida (40%-42%), com hipocinesia das paredes lateral, inferolateral e inferior. A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca (RMC) confirmou les&#245;es isqu&#234;micas novas nessas regi&#245;es e evidenciou obstru&#231;&#227;o microvascular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca. As setas indicam obstru&#231;&#227;o microvascular (&#225;reas de hiporrealce) vis&#237;vel na perfus&#227;o de primeira passagem (A), no realce precoce pelo gadol&#237;nio (B) e no realce tardio pelo gadol&#237;nio (C).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-07-e20250153-50153-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, a paciente desenvolveu edema agudo de pulm&#227;o, necessitando de tratamento intensivo. Devido &#224; eleva&#231;&#227;o adicional dos n&#237;veis de troponina T (6562 ng/l), piora das altera&#231;&#245;es no ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1B</xref>) e queda na fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, foi realizada uma segunda angiografia coronariana, que novamente n&#227;o mostrou doen&#231;a obstrutiva.</p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s estabiliza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, a paciente relatou dor e cianose vis&#237;vel no segundo dedo da m&#227;o direita, sugestivos de embolia arterial digital. Iniciou-se heparina de baixo peso molecular. Pouco depois, ela desenvolveu tonturas, altera&#231;&#245;es visuais e cefaleia. A tomografia computadorizada de cr&#226;nio confirmou um acidente vascular encef&#225;lico isqu&#234;mico no lobo frontal esquerdo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 4A</xref>), manejado de forma conservadora. A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica do enc&#233;falo revelou m&#250;ltiplas les&#245;es isqu&#234;micas agudas e subagudas em diferentes territ&#243;rios vasculares (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 4B</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Tomografia computadorizada de cr&#226;nio mostrando acidente vascular encef&#225;lico isqu&#234;mico no lobo frontal esquerdo (seta) (A). Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica do enc&#233;falo evidenciando m&#250;ltiplas les&#245;es isqu&#234;micas em diferentes territ&#243;rios vasculares (setas) (B).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-07-e20250153-50153-gf04.tif"/></fig>
      <p>A hemoglobina da paciente caiu para 7,7 g/dL, sendo necess&#225;ria transfus&#227;o sangu&#237;nea. Diante da ocorr&#234;ncia de m&#250;ltiplos eventos tromb&#243;ticos e da anemia persistente, o esquema anticoagulante foi ajustado para associa&#231;&#227;o de clopidogrel com apixabana em dose reduzida (2,5 mg duas vezes ao dia). Ap&#243;s melhora do estado cl&#237;nico, incluindo queda nos n&#237;veis de troponina T (3944 ng/l) (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Material Supplementar, Figura 1</xref>) e estabiliza&#231;&#227;o geral, a paciente recebeu alta ap&#243;s 16 dias de interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>As neoplasias mieloproliferativas est&#227;o associadas a maior risco de eventos tromb&#243;ticos, que variam de dist&#250;rbios microcirculat&#243;rios leves at&#233; tromboses arteriais e venosas graves. Al&#233;m disso, a progress&#227;o da anemia agrava a les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica devido ao desequil&#237;brio entre oferta e demanda de oxig&#234;nio, podendo levar ao infarto do mioc&#225;rdio mesmo na aus&#234;ncia de obstru&#231;&#227;o arterial coronariana.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O MINOCA &#233; mais frequentemente observado em pacientes com c&#226;ncer do que naqueles sem a doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A presen&#231;a do c&#226;ncer piora o progn&#243;stico tanto no MINOCA quanto no infarto com art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias obstru&#237;das.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Quando a angiografia coronariana funcional n&#227;o identifica a causa subjacente do infarto, os exames de imagem n&#227;o invasivos &#8212; especialmente a RMC &#8212; desempenham papel fundamental no diagn&#243;stico.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
        <label>Uso de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</label>
        <p>Os autores n&#227;o utilizaram ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
      <label>Disponibilidade de Dados</label>
      <p>Os conte&#250;dos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa est&#227;o contidos no manuscrito.</p>
    </sec>
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        <mixed-citation>4 Spivak JL, Barosi G, Tognoni G, Barbui T, Finazzi G, Marchioli R, et al. Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2003:200-24. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2003.1.200.</mixed-citation>
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              <given-names>K</given-names>
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            <name>
              <surname>Nowak</surname>
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            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nessler</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
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              <surname>Zalewski</surname>
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          <article-title>Clinical Characteristics and Long-Term Outcomes of MINOCA Accompanied by Active Cancer: A Retrospective Insight Into a Cardio-Oncology Center Registry</article-title>
          <source>Front Cardiovasc Med</source>
          <year>2022</year>
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      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <title>*Material suplementar</title>
        <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12209/2025-0153_figure%201_suplementar.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
      </app>
    </app-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250153i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Multiple Thrombotic Complications in a Patient With Polycythemia Vera</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9331-978X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zdzierak</surname>
            <given-names>Barbara</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Chyrchel</surname>
            <given-names>Bernadeta</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Surdacki</surname>
            <given-names>Andrzej</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4508-3551</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bartu&#347;</surname>
            <given-names>Stanis&#322;aw</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dziewierz</surname>
            <given-names>Artur</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Krak&#243;w</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PL">Poland</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Clinical Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Interventions, University Hospital, Krak&#243;w &#8211; Poland</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Krak&#243;w</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PL">Poland</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krak&#243;w &#8211; Poland</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Barbara Zdzierak</bold> &#8226; Second Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College ul. Jakubowskiego 2, <postal-code>30-688</postal-code> Krak&#243;w - Poland E-mail: <email>barbarazdzierak@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Nuno Bettencourt</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Thrombosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Polycythemia Vera</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Polycythemia vera (PV) is a rare Philadelphia chromosome&#8211;negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the clonal proliferation of multipotent bone marrow progenitor cells, leading to erythrocytosis and increased red blood cell mass.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> It may coexist with other hematologic disorders.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> PV results in blood hyperviscosity, which predisposes patients to thrombosis &#8212; the most common and clinically significant complication of PV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Post-PV myelofibrosis (post-PV MF) represents an advanced stage in the natural progression of PV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In patients with post-PV MF, thrombosis also remains one of the major complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> We present a case of multiple thrombotic events, namely acute coronary syndrome, digital arterial thrombosis, and ischemic stroke, in a patient with PV.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case report</title>
        <p>A 74-year-old woman with PV, diagnosed in 2018 based on elevated hemoglobin levels and the presence of a <italic>JAK2</italic> mutation, was admitted to the hospital with severe chest pain. Her medical history included suspected post-PV MF pending bone marrow confirmation, along with arterial hypertension, treated hepatitis C, and autoimmune hepatitis.</p>
        <p>The admission electrocardiogram (ECG) showed ST-segment depression in leads I, II, and V2&#8211;V6 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 1A</xref>). Laboratory testing revealed a high-sensitivity troponin T level of 311 ng/L (reference &lt; 14 ng/L). Because of the suspicion of acute coronary syndrome, the patient underwent emergency coronary angiography, which revealed normal coronary arteries (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 2</xref>). This led to a working diagnosis of myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA).</p>
        <fig id="f5">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Initial electrocardiogram (ECG) on admission showing ST-segment depression in leads I, II, and V2&#8211;V6 (arrows) (A). ECG during the episode of pulmonary edema (B). ECG at discharge (C).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-07-e20250153-50153-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f6">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Coronary angiography showing no significant abnormalities in the coronary arteries.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-07-e20250153-50153-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Laboratory results also showed moderate anemia and thrombocytosis. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (40%-42%) with hypokinesis of the lateral, inferolateral, and inferior walls. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging confirmed new ischemic injury in these regions and demonstrated microvascular obstruction (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f7">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Arrows indicate microvascular obstruction (areas of hypoenhancement) visible on first-pass perfusion (A), early gadolinium enhancement (B), and late gadolinium enhancement (C).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-07-e20250153-50153-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>During hospitalization, the patient developed acute pulmonary edema requiring intensive treatment. Due to further elevation in troponin T levels (6562 ng/L), worsening ECG changes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 1B</xref>), and declining left ventricular ejection fraction, a second coronary angiography was performed, which again showed no obstructive coronary disease.</p>
        <p>Following clinical stabilization, the patient reported pain and visible cyanosis in the second finger of her right hand, suggestive of digital arterial embolism. Low-molecular-weight heparin was initiated. Shortly afterward, she developed dizziness, visual disturbances, and headaches. Brain computed tomography confirmed an ischemic stroke in the left frontal lobe (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 4A</xref>), which was managed conservatively. Brain magnetic resonance imaging subsequently revealed multiple acute and subacute ischemic lesions across different vascular territories (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 4B</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f8">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Head computed tomography showing an ischemic stroke in the left frontal lobe (arrow) (A). Brain magnetic resonance imaging showing multiple ischemic lesions in different vascular territories (arrows) (B).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-07-e20250153-50153-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The patient's hemoglobin level dropped to 7.7 g/dL, requiring a blood transfusion. Due to multiple thrombotic events and persistent anemia, the patient was placed on a combination of clopidogrel and reduced-dose apixaban (2.5 mg twice daily) for anticoagulation. After improvement in her clinical status, including a decrease in troponin T levels (3944 ng/L) (<xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Supplementary material, Figure 1</xref>) and overall stabilization, the patient was discharged after a 16-day hospital stay.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Myeloproliferative neoplasms are associated with an increased risk of thrombotic events, ranging from mild microcirculatory disturbances to major arterial and venous thromboses. Additionally, the progression of anemia exacerbates myocardial injury due to an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand, potentially leading to myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>MINOCA is more frequently observed in patients with cancer compared with those without cancer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The presence of cancer worsens the prognosis in both MINOCA and myocardial infarction with obstructive coronary artery disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> When functional coronary angiography fails to identify the underlying cause of myocardial infarction, noninvasive imaging &#8212; particularly CMR imaging &#8212; plays a crucial role in establishing the diagnosis.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
          <label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
          <p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
        <label>Data Availability</label>
        <p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
      </sec>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app2">
          <title>*Supplemental Materials</title>
          <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12209/2025-0153_figure%201_suplementar.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
