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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">czMGdH8b9qhxJ67fjw7m8FK</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000700901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250138</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20250138</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Como Demonstrar o Benef&#237;cio Progn&#243;stico do Rastreamento Agressivo da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kataoka</surname>
            <given-names>Naoya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7294-7637</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Imamura</surname>
            <given-names>Teruhiko</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Toyama</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Toyama</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="JP">Jap&#227;o</country>
          <institution content-type="original">University of Toyama, Toyama &#8211; Jap&#227;o</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Teruhiko Imamura</bold> &#8226; University of Toyama &#8211; 2630 Sugitani Toyama <postal-code>930-0194</postal-code> &#8211; Jap&#227;o E-mail: <email>te.imamu@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250138</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Dispositivos Eletr&#244;nicos Vest&#237;veis</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Ao Editor</bold>
    </p>
    <p>A detec&#231;&#227;o precoce da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) assintom&#225;tica &#233; considerada essencial para a preven&#231;&#227;o de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos e da progress&#227;o da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. In&#250;meros dispositivos vest&#237;veis foram desenvolvidos para facilitar esse objetivo. Os autores utilizaram a an&#225;lise de risco de AVC (SRA), um m&#233;todo que estratifica o risco de FA parox&#237;stica por meio da avalia&#231;&#227;o de dados de eletrocardiograma.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Esse algoritmo se mostrou eficaz no rastreamento de pacientes com FA parox&#237;stica assintom&#225;tica, com 29,4% dos participantes categorizados como de alto risco. Entre esses indiv&#237;duos de alto risco, a FA foi detectada em 38,7% ap&#243;s um per&#237;odo de rastreamento de 7 dias. No entanto, v&#225;rias quest&#245;es cr&#237;ticas merecem discuss&#227;o.</p>
    <p>No estudo atual, 67,4% dos participantes foram classificados como de baixo risco para FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Para avaliar a validade geral do algoritmo SRA, a incid&#234;ncia de FA nessa coorte de baixo risco tamb&#233;m deveria ter sido avaliada por meio de monitoramento de 7 dias. Dado que o estudo incluiu pacientes com 65 anos ou mais, &#233; plaus&#237;vel que alguns indiv&#237;duos classificados como de baixo risco possam ter apresentado epis&#243;dios de FA n&#227;o detectados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A dura&#231;&#227;o ideal para o rastreamento de FA permanece incerta. Per&#237;odos de monitoramento prolongados provavelmente melhorar&#227;o as taxas de detec&#231;&#227;o de FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> &#201; necess&#225;rio esclarecer a justificativa por tr&#225;s da escolha dos autores de um per&#237;odo de rastreamento de 7 dias. Al&#233;m disso, uma an&#225;lise de custo-efetividade deve ser conduzida para determinar se a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco usando o algoritmo SRA &#233; mais vantajosa em compara&#231;&#227;o ao monitoramento prolongado do eletrocardiograma em todos os participantes. 0000-0002-1265-1930</p>
    <p>Embora o rastreamento intensivo de FA por meio de dispositivos vest&#237;veis, como demonstrado no presente estudo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> pare&#231;a aumentar as taxas de detec&#231;&#227;o, nenhuma evid&#234;ncia conclusiva atualmente sustenta o benef&#237;cio progn&#243;stico de tais interven&#231;&#245;es. Portanto, ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados em larga escala s&#227;o urgentemente necess&#225;rios para comparar os resultados dos programas de triagem de FA com o tratamento padr&#227;o, elucidando assim o significado cl&#237;nico da detec&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica de FA.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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          <article-title>A Program to Optimize the Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The RITMO Study</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1582-7268</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Agradecemos profundamente aos autores pelo interesse e importantes coment&#225;rios relativos ao nosso estudo "Programa para Otimizar a Detec&#231;&#227;o da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Parox&#237;stica: Estudo RITMO".<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">1</xref></sup> Reconhecemos a relev&#226;ncia das quest&#245;es levantadas e aproveitamos esta oportunidade para esclarecer pontos fundamentais.</p>
      <p>A detec&#231;&#227;o precoce da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) assintom&#225;tica &#233; realmente um tema de grande relev&#226;ncia, e est&#225; relacionada &#224; preven&#231;&#227;o potencial de eventos, como os tromboemb&#243;licos e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco utilizando a an&#225;lise de risco de acidente vascular cerebral (SRA, <italic>Stroke Risk Analysis</italic>), nosso estudo demonstrou que 29,4% dos participantes foram classificados como de alto risco, com uma taxa de detec&#231;&#227;o de FA de 38,7% ap&#243;s o per&#237;odo de sete dias com eletrocardiogramas domiciliares. A falta de uma ferramenta de estratifica&#231;&#227;o, poderia comprometer os resultados do estudo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">3</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, o SRA demonstrou ser uma ferramenta valiosa para identificar pacientes com maior probabilidade de apresentar FA parox&#237;stica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Concordamos em que a incid&#234;ncia de FA no grupo classificado como de baixo risco &#233; uma quest&#227;o muito pertinente. No entanto, nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar uma estrat&#233;gia simples e acess&#237;vel para otimizar a identifica&#231;&#227;o da FA em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos com 65 anos ou mais, portadores de hipertens&#227;o arterial ou IC. Al&#233;m da realiza&#231;&#227;o de um monitoramento prolongado em todos os participantes n&#227;o ser o objetivo prim&#225;rio de nosso estudo, este aumentaria muito o custo global do projeto. Estudos futuros poderiam explorar essa quest&#227;o, avaliando a real incid&#234;ncia de FA nesse subgrupo ao longo de um per&#237;odo de monitoramento mais extenso.</p>
      <p>A escolha do per&#237;odo de sete dias para a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o domiciliar foi baseada em estudos pr&#233;vios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">3</xref></sup> De fato, per&#237;odos mais longos poderiam aumentar ainda mais a taxa de detec&#231;&#227;o,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">6</xref></sup> mas devem ser ponderados em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; ades&#227;o do paciente, custo-efetividade e viabilidade cl&#237;nica. Uma an&#225;lise espec&#237;fica de custo-efetividade para comparar estrat&#233;gias alternativas est&#225; em considera&#231;&#227;o para pesquisas futuras.</p>
      <p>Concordamos tamb&#233;m em que a relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica da triagem sistem&#225;tica de FA ainda deve ser confirmada por novos ensaios randomizados de larga escala. No entanto, a identifica&#231;&#227;o precoce da FA, especialmente em popula&#231;&#245;es de maior risco, pode permitir a implementa&#231;&#227;o mais precoce de estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas, incluindo anticoagula&#231;&#227;o, reduzindo a incid&#234;ncia de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">7</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Agradecemos novamente os coment&#225;rios valiosos e esperamos que nosso estudo contribua para o aprimoramento das estrat&#233;gias de triagem da FA na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    </body>
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  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250138i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>How to Demonstrate the Prognostic Benefit of Aggressive Screening of Atrial Fibrillation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kataoka</surname>
            <given-names>Naoya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7294-7637</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Imamura</surname>
            <given-names>Teruhiko</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Toyama</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Toyama</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="JP">Japan</country>
          <institution content-type="original">University of Toyama, Toyama &#8211; Japan</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Teruhiko Imamura</bold> &#8226; University of Toyama &#8211; 2630 Sugitani Toyama <postal-code>930-0194</postal-code> &#8211; Japan E-mail: <email>te.imamu@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiac Arrhythmias</kwd>
        <kwd>Wearable Electronic Devices</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>To Editor</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The early detection of asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered essential for preventing thromboembolic events and the progression of heart failure. Numerous wearable devices have been developed to facilitate this objective. The authors employed stroke risk analysis (SRA), a method that stratifies the risk of paroxysmal AF through the evaluation of electrocardiogram data.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This algorithm proved effective in screening patients with asymptomatic paroxysmal AF, with 29.4% of participants categorized as high-risk. Among these high-risk individuals, AF was detected in 38.7% following a 7-day screening period. Nevertheless, several critical concerns merit discussion.</p>
      <p>In the current study, 67.4% of participants were classified as low-risk for AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> To assess the overall validity of the SRA algorithm, the incidence of AF within this low-risk cohort should also have been evaluated through 7-day monitoring. Given that the study included patients aged 65 years and older, it is plausible that some individuals classified as low-risk might have experienced undetected AF episodes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The optimal duration for AF screening remains uncertain. Extended monitoring periods are likely to improve AF detection rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Clarification on the rationale behind the authors&#8217; choice of a 7-day screening period is warranted. Additionally, a cost-effectiveness analysis should be conducted to determine whether risk stratification using the SRA algorithm is more advantageous compared to prolonged electrocardiogram monitoring across all participants.</p>
      <p>Although intensive AF screening via wearable devices, as demonstrated in the present study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> appears to enhance detection rates, no conclusive evidence currently supports the prognostic benefit of such interventions. Therefore, large-scale, randomized controlled trials are urgently needed to compare the outcomes of AF screening programs against standard care, thereby elucidating the clinical significance of systematic AF detection.</p>
    </body>
    <sub-article article-type="reply" id="R02" xml:lang="en">
      <front-stub>
        <article-categories>
          <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
            <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </article-categories>
        <title-group>
          <article-title>Reply</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1582-7268</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Miranda</surname>
              <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
              <sup>1</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
            <name>
              <surname>Barroso</surname>
              <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
            </name>
            <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
              <sup>2</sup>
            </xref>
          </contrib>
          <aff id="aff5">
            <label>1</label>
            <addr-line>
              <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
              <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
            </addr-line>
            <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
            <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo Escola Paulista de Medicina,1 S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#150; Brasil</institution>
          </aff>
          <aff id="aff6">
            <label>2</label>
            <addr-line>
              <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
              <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
            </addr-line>
            <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
            <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
          </aff>
        </contrib-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p>We are deeply grateful to the authors for their interest and valuable comments regarding our study, "A Program to Optimize the Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The RITMO Study."<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">1</xref></sup> We acknowledge the relevance of the issues raised and would like to take this opportunity to clarify key points.</p>
        <p>Early detection of asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) is indeed a topic of great relevance, and is related to the potential prevention of events such as thromboembolic events and heart failure (HF).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Regarding risk stratification using Stroke Risk Analysis (SRA), our study demonstrated that 29.4% of participants were classified as high risk, with an AF detection rate of 38.7% after seven days with home electrocardiograms. The lack of a stratification tool could compromise the results of the study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">3</xref></sup> Furthermore, the SRA has been shown to be a valuable tool for identifying patients with a higher probability of paroxysmal AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>We agree that the incidence of AF in the group classified as low risk is a very pertinent question. However, our study aimed to evaluate a simple and accessible strategy to optimize the identification of AF in asymptomatic patients aged 65 years or older with arterial hypertension or HF. In addition to performing prolonged monitoring in all participants, which is not the primary objective of our study, this would greatly increase the overall cost of the project. Future studies could explore this issue by assessing the true incidence of AF in this subgroup over a longer monitoring period.</p>
        <p>The choice of seven days for home monitoring was based on previous studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">3</xref></sup> In fact, longer periods could further increase the detection rate,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">6</xref></sup> but they should be weighed against patient adherence, cost-effectiveness, and clinical feasibility. A specific cost-effectiveness analysis to compare alternative strategies is under consideration for future research.</p>
        <p>We also agree that the clinical relevance of systematic AF screening remains to be confirmed by new large-scale randomized trials. However, early identification of AF, especially in higher-risk populations, may allow earlier implementation of therapeutic strategies, including anticoagulation, reducing the incidence of thromboembolic events.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">7</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">9</xref></sup></p>
        <p>We again thank you for your valuable comments and hope that our study will contribute to the improvement of AF screening strategies in clinical practice.</p>
      </body>
    </sub-article>
  </sub-article>
</article>
