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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">s697SxdRyTBjPXxfrZyZwcS</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000600204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250337</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00204</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ades&#227;o e Desempenho na Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca: O Papel da Inova&#231;&#227;o Tecnol&#243;gica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3658-7854</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kizilkilic</surname>
            <given-names>Sevda Ece</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Milani</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Goulart Prata Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6323-7003</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cipriano</surname>
            <given-names>Gerson</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dendale</surname>
            <given-names>Paul</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3688-2108</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Milani</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hasselt University</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Hasselt</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Flanders</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">B&#233;lgica</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hasselt University &#8211; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt, Flanders &#8211; B&#233;lgica</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Jessa Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Heart Centre Hasselt</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Hasselt</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">B&#233;lgica</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Jessa Hospital &#8211; Heart Centre Hasselt, Hasselt &#8211; B&#233;lgica</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Ghent University</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Gent</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">B&#233;lgica</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gent &#8211; B&#233;lgica</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Bras&#237;lia</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias e Tecnologias da Sa&#250;de</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias e Tecnologias da Sa&#250;de, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hasselt University</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Hasselt</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Flanders</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">B&#233;lgica</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hasselt University &#8211; Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt, Flanders &#8211; B&#233;lgica</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Mauricio Milani</bold> &#8226; Universidade de Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Centro Metropolitano &#8211; Conjunto A &#8211; Lote 01. CEP <postal-code>72220-275</postal-code>, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>milani@medicinadoexercicio.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>06</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250337</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicina</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (RC) desempenha um papel central na preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) e &#233; classificada como uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o Classe IA nas diretrizes cl&#237;nicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> No entanto, apesar de seus benef&#237;cios comprovados, as taxas de participa&#231;&#227;o permanecem desanimadoramente baixas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Diante disso, a telerreabilita&#231;&#227;o (TR) tem ganhado aten&#231;&#227;o como uma alternativa pr&#225;tica, oferecendo melhorias cl&#237;nicas semelhantes &#224;s dos programas tradicionais baseados em centros especializados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Paralelamente, a integra&#231;&#227;o da intelig&#234;ncia artificial (IA) tem despertado crescente interesse na &#225;rea da sa&#250;de devido ao seu potencial em diferentes contextos cl&#237;nicos. Entre as diversas aplica&#231;&#245;es da IA, o processamento de linguagem natural (PLN) est&#225; sendo cada vez mais utilizado em diversas &#225;reas m&#233;dicas. No entanto, sua aplica&#231;&#227;o no contexto da CR para interpretar as experi&#234;ncias subjetivas dos pacientes ainda &#233; limitada.</p>
    <p>O estudo de Saklica et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> adota uma abordagem inovadora ao combinar dados cl&#237;nicos estruturados com uma an&#225;lise baseada em PLN de <italic>feedback</italic> aberto dos pacientes, oferecendo uma nova perspectiva sobre como a tecnologia pode enriquecer tanto a entrega quanto a avalia&#231;&#227;o da CR.</p>
    <p>O estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> foi um ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado, incluindo 52 pacientes com DAC est&#225;vel, divididos em tr&#234;s grupos: (1) grupo de TR, com sess&#245;es remotas supervisionadas de exerc&#237;cios, (2) grupo de aplicativo m&#243;vel, utilizando um aplicativo de <italic>smartphone</italic> para exerc&#237;cios guiados em casa, e (3) um grupo controle, que recebeu apenas orienta&#231;&#245;es gerais sobre atividade f&#237;sica. Ao longo de 12 semanas, os participantes dos grupos TR e de app m&#243;vel treinaram tr&#234;s vezes por semana, combinando treinamento aer&#243;bico e de resist&#234;ncia, enquanto o grupo controle seguiu recomenda&#231;&#245;es gerais de atividade f&#237;sica, sem um plano estruturado.</p>
    <p>Ambos os grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o apresentaram melhoras significativas na capacidade de exerc&#237;cio, avaliada utilizando-se o <italic>Incremental Shuttle Walk Test</italic> (ISWT), em compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo controle (p=0,001). Essas melhorias excederam a diferen&#231;a m&#237;nima clinicamente importante para o ISWT, indicando um ganho funcional significativo. Os achados est&#227;o alinhados com estudos anteriores que demonstram que a TR pode ser t&#227;o eficaz (ou at&#233; mais) que a RC baseada em centros.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A ades&#227;o tamb&#233;m foi substancialmente maior nos grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o: 100% no grupo TR e 80% no grupo de app m&#243;vel MAG, em compara&#231;&#227;o a apenas 30% no grupo controle (p&lt;0,001). Esse aumento na ades&#227;o &#224; TR est&#225; de acordo com v&#225;rios estudos que mostram que a frequ&#234;ncia &#224; CR &#233; maior com TR do que com programas realizados em centros, provavelmente devido &#224; sua conveni&#234;ncia e flexibilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Um ponto interessante deste estudo &#233; o uso de PLN para analisar as reflex&#245;es escritas dos pacientes sobre sua reabilita&#231;&#227;o. Embora a IA tenha sido aplicada em diversas &#225;reas da sa&#250;de, seu uso para avaliar as experi&#234;ncias dos pacientes na RC ainda &#233; raro. Neste estudo, os participantes forneceram coment&#225;rios abertos sobre sua experi&#234;ncia de reabilita&#231;&#227;o, que foram analisados por um modelo de PLN BERT (<italic>Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers</italic>) ajustado. A an&#225;lise identificou temas recorrentes, como motiva&#231;&#227;o, fadiga e satisfa&#231;&#227;o, de maneira consistente e estruturada. Curiosamente, o estudo relata uma forte correla&#231;&#227;o positiva (r = 0,75; p &lt; 0,001) entre o sentimento do paciente e sua melhoria na dist&#226;ncia do ISWT, sugerindo que pacientes com maior satisfa&#231;&#227;o e experi&#234;ncia positiva tendem a apresentar maiores melhorias na capacidade de exerc&#237;cio.</p>
    <p>Apesar dos pontos fortes, o estudo tamb&#233;m apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Primeiro, os grupos seguiram programas de treinamento diferentes. O grupo de TR participou de sess&#245;es estruturadas com exerc&#237;cios de resist&#234;ncia e calistenia. O grupo de app m&#243;vel seguiu exerc&#237;cios semelhantes por meio de v&#237;deos pr&#233;-gravados, enquanto o grupo controle n&#227;o seguiu nenhum programa estruturado. Essas diferen&#231;as v&#227;o al&#233;m do modo de entrega e podem explicar parcialmente os melhores resultados nos grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o. Segundo, os m&#233;todos de monitoramento da ades&#227;o variaram entre os grupos: no TR e no grupo app m&#243;vel, a ades&#227;o foi medida objetivamente, enquanto no grupo controle, foi avaliada por meio de autorrelato. Essa diferen&#231;a na medi&#231;&#227;o pode ter introduzido vi&#233;s, pois o autorrelato &#233; propenso &#224; superestima&#231;&#227;o e &#224; subnotifica&#231;&#227;o. Embora a an&#225;lise de IA tenha sugerido que alguns pacientes do grupo controle podem ter superestimado seus n&#237;veis de atividade, &#233; poss&#237;vel que outros n&#227;o tenham registrado com precis&#227;o sua participa&#231;&#227;o, levando a uma subestima&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Finalmente, apesar de o uso de PLN ter sido inovador, trata-se ainda de uma aplica&#231;&#227;o em est&#225;gio inicial, testada em uma amostra pequena. &#201; necess&#225;ria valida&#231;&#227;o externa em coortes maiores e em popula&#231;&#245;es mais diversas para avaliar sua generaliza&#231;&#227;o, uma vez que o <italic>feedback</italic> dos pacientes pode variar dependendo da cultura, idioma e forma como as perguntas s&#227;o feitas. Esses fatores influenciam como os modelos de PLN interpreta as respostas. Um modelo ajustado para entrada em turco, como no estudo, pode n&#227;o se traduzir automaticamente para outros contextos de sa&#250;de.</p>
    <p>O estudo de Saklica et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> traz novas perspectivas sobre o uso de ferramentas digitais na RC. As melhorias na capacidade de exerc&#237;cio e na ades&#227;o em ambas as abordagens baseadas em tecnologia sugerem que as interven&#231;&#245;es digitais podem apoiar a preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria em pacientes com DAC est&#225;vel. O uso de PLN para analisar o feedback dos pacientes &#233; um aspecto inovador e reflete uma tend&#234;ncia mais ampla de integrar a experi&#234;ncia do paciente na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos.</p>
    <p>Ao mesmo tempo, v&#225;rias limita&#231;&#245;es, como diferen&#231;as no conte&#250;do dos exerc&#237;cios e nos m&#233;todos de medi&#231;&#227;o da ades&#227;o, indicam que os resultados devem ser interpretados com cautela. Por fim, embora o uso de PLN seja promissor, ainda est&#225; em est&#225;gio inicial e precisa de mais valida&#231;&#227;o em popula&#231;&#245;es maiores e mais diversas.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Impacto da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Baseada em Tecnologia na Capacidade de Exerc&#237;cio e na Ades&#227;o de Pacientes com Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana: Uma An&#225;lise com Suporte de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
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    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250337i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Adherence and Performance in Cardiac Rehabilitation: The Role of Technological Innovation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3658-7854</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Kizilkilic</surname>
            <given-names>Sevda Ece</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Milani</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Goulart Prata Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6323-7003</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cipriano</surname>
            <given-names>Gerson</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dendale</surname>
            <given-names>Paul</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3688-2108</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Milani</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>5</sup>
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          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
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        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>1</label>
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            <named-content content-type="city">Hasselt</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Flanders</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">Belgium</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hasselt University &#8211; Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt, Flanders &#8211; Belgium</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Hasselt</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">Belgium</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Jessa Hospital &#8211; Heart Centre Hasselt, Hasselt &#8211; Belgium</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Gent</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">Belgium</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Ghent University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gent &#8211; Belgium</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">DF</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias e Tecnologias da Sa&#250;de, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil</institution>
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          <label>5</label>
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            <named-content content-type="city">Hasselt</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">Flanders</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">Belgium</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hasselt University &#8211; Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt, Flanders &#8211; Belgium</institution>
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      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Mauricio Milani</bold> &#8226; Universidade de Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Centro Metropolitano &#8211; Conjunto A &#8211; Lote 01. Postal Code <postal-code>72220-275</postal-code>, Bras&#237;lia, DF &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>milani@medicinadoexercicio.com</email></corresp>
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      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiac Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicine</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) plays a central role in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is classified as a Class IA recommendation in guidelines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Yet, despite its proven benefits, participation rates remain disappointingly low.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In response, telerehabilitation (TR) has gained attention as a practical alternative that offers similar improvements in clinical outcomes to traditional, center-based programs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In parallel, artificial intelligence (AI) integration is growing in interest in healthcare due to its potential in different clinical settings. Among the various AI applications, natural language processing (NLP) is increasingly used across medical domains. However, its application in the context of CR to interpret patients&#8217; subjective experiences remains limited.</p>
      <p>The study by Saklica et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> takes a novel approach by combining structured clinical data with NLP-based analysis of open-ended patient feedback, offering a perspective on how technology may enrich both the delivery and evaluation of CR.</p>
      <p>The study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> was a randomized controlled trial including 52 patients with stable CAD, divided into three groups: a TR group (TRG) with supervised remote exercise sessions, a mobile application group (MAG) using a smartphone app for guided home exercise, and a control group receiving only standard physical activity advice. Over 12 weeks, the TRG and MAG participants trained three times per week with a mix of aerobic and resistance training, while the control group followed general activity recommendations without a structured plan.</p>
      <p>Both intervention groups showed notable improvements in exercise capacity, assessed using the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test, compared to the control group (p=0.001). These improvements exceeded the minimal clinically important difference for ISWT, indicating a meaningful gain in functional fitness. The findings are in line with previous studies showing that TR can be as effective (or even more) than center-based CR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Adherence was also substantially higher in the intervention arms: 100% in the TRG and 80% in the MAG, versus just 30% in the control group (p&lt;0.001). This greater increase in adherence to TR aligns with multiple studies that have shown that CR attendance is higher with TR than with center-based CR, likely due to its convenience and flexibility.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>An interesting element of this study is the use of NLP to analyze patients&#8217; written reflections on their rehabilitation. While AI has been applied in various areas of healthcare, it has rarely been used to assess patient experiences in CR. In this study, participants provided open-ended comments about their rehabilitation experience, which were analyzed using a fine-tuned BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) NLP model. The analysis captured recurring themes, such as motivation, fatigue, and satisfaction, in a consistent and structured way. Interestingly, the study reports a strong positive correlation (r = 0.75, p &lt; 0.001) between patient sentiment and their improvement in ISWT distance, suggesting that patients with higher satisfaction and positive experience tended to show greater improvements in exercise capacity.</p>
      <p>Despite its strengths, the study also has a few limitations. First, the groups followed different training programs. The TRG group participated in structured sessions with resistance and calisthenics exercises. In contrast, the MAG group followed similar exercises using pre-recorded videos, while the control group did not follow any structured program. These differences go beyond delivery mode and may partly explain the better outcomes in the intervention groups. Second, adherence monitoring methods varied across groups: it was objectively measured in the TRG and MAG groups, whereas in the control group, adherence was assessed through self-reporting. This difference in measurement may have introduced bias, as self-reporting is prone to overestimation and underreporting. Interestingly, the AI analysis suggests that some patients in the control group may have overestimated their activity levels, but it is also possible that others failed to accurately record their participation, potentially leading to underestimation of adherence.</p>
      <p>Finally, while using NLP is innovative, it remains an early-stage application tested in a small sample. More external validation in larger cohorts is needed in more diverse populations to assess generalizability, since patient feedback can differ depending on the culture, language, and the way questions are asked, which can all influence how NLP models interpret responses. A model fine-tuned on Turkish-language input, as in this study, may not automatically translate well to other healthcare settings.</p>
      <p>The study of Saklica et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> provides new insights into the use of digital tools in CR. The improvements in exercise capacity and adherence in both technology-based CR suggest that digital interventions can support secondary prevention in stable CAD patients. The use of NLP to analyze patient feedback is a novel aspect and reflects a broader shift toward integrating patient experience into outcome evaluation.</p>
      <p>At the same time, several limitations, such as differences in exercise content and adherence measurements, mean that the results should be interpreted with care. Lastly, while the use of NLP is promising, it remains in an early stage and needs further validation in larger and more diverse populations.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: The Impact of Technology-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Exercise Capacity and Adherence in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: An Artificial Intelligence Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
