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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">PsJgCKgZhkDk5PMmSkv7wFw</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000600102</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250329</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00102</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Qual o Impacto da Evolu&#231;&#227;o do Tratamento de Pacientes Portadores de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca na sua Mortalidade?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia</surname>
            <given-names>L&#237;dia Ramalho Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Vit&#243;ria Ara&#250;jo da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8836-345X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Marcos Bemfica Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Nilton Lins</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manaus</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AM</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Amazonas</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manaus</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AM</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Jo&#227;o Marcos Bemfica Barbosa Ferreira</bold> &#8226; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas &#8211; Av. Carvalho Leal, s/n. CEP <postal-code>69010-120</postal-code>, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>jmbemfica@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250329</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Tratamento</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O artigo intitulado An&#225;lise de Sobrevida e Fatores Associados a Mortalidade em Portadores de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca na Coorte ELSA-Brasil apresenta uma significativa casu&#237;stica da mortalidade em 251 pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca em uma coorte brasileira de seguimento ambulatorial de longo prazo. O perfil cl&#237;nico associado a indiv&#237;duos do sexo masculino, com faixa et&#225;ria a partir de 70 anos, disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e presen&#231;a de comorbidades apresentou pior sobrevida. A mortalidade global ap&#243;s 12,3 anos de seguimento foi de 19%. Entre as classes de drogas conhecidas como redutoras de mortalidade na IC, os pacientes deste estudo utilizaram betabloqueadores, inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (IECA), bloqueadores dos receptores de angiotensina (BRA) e/ou antagonistas de mineralocorticoides. Vale ressaltar tamb&#233;m que a minoria dos pacientes (6%) apresentava fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o menor que 45%. No artigo em quest&#227;o, a inclus&#227;o de pacientes no estudo foi de 2008 a 2010.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nos &#250;ltimos dez anos, segundo o DATASUS, o Brasil ultrapassou 2,2 milh&#245;es de interna&#231;&#245;es por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC), com tend&#234;ncia crescente, especialmente entre 2015 e 2025. A Regi&#227;o Sudeste concentrou a maior parte desses casos (42,13%), seguida pelas regi&#245;es Nordeste (22,6%), Sul (22,5%), j&#225; o Norte possui uma taxa de (5,6%) e Centro-Oeste (7,5%). Observa-se uma leve predomin&#226;ncia masculina (51,8%) e maior incid&#234;ncia em indiv&#237;duos com mais de 60 anos, o que reflete o envelhecimento populacional e a rela&#231;&#227;o da IC com condi&#231;&#245;es como hipertens&#227;o, diabetes e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os estudos BREATHE-primeira fase<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> e BRETHE-extens&#227;o<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> organizados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia avaliaram o cen&#225;rio de pacientes internados por IC. Na primeira fase do estudo, conduzido entre 2011 e 2012, foram avaliados 1263 pacientes com mortalidade intrahospitalar de 12,6%. Os medicamentos mais utilizados foram os betabloqueadores, IECA, BRA e antagonistas de mineralocorticoides, al&#233;m de medicamentos utilizados pela descompensa&#231;&#227;o como diur&#233;ticos, inotr&#243;picos e vasodilatadores endovenosos. A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o era preservada em cerca de 40% dos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na segunda fase, denominada BREATHE-extens&#227;o, foram avaliados mais 1761 pacientes entre 2016 e 2018 pacientes internados por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, totalizando um n&#250;mero de 3013 pacientes somando as duas fases do estudo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Entre os 3013 pacientes, a mortalidade intra-hospitalar foi de 10,9%. A mortalidade em 12 meses foi de 27,7%. Com rela&#231;&#227;o a readmiss&#227;o hospitalar, houve 24,3% de reinterna&#231;&#227;o em 90 dias e 44,4%, em 12 meses. Os medicamentos utilizados na segunda fase foram semelhantes aos da primeira com a maioria dos pacientes utilizando betabloqueadores, IECA, BRA e antagonistas de mineralocorticoides. A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de sacubitril-valsartana foi iniciado durante a execu&#231;&#227;o do estudo. Portanto, sua utiliza&#231;&#227;o antes da interna&#231;&#227;o, nas primeiras 24 horas de interna&#231;&#227;o, na alta, 3,6 e 12 meses ap&#243;s a alta, foi de 0,0%, 0,4%, 1,1%, 1,4%, 2,2% e 2,9%, respectivamente. Os inibidores da ISGLT2 ainda n&#227;o eram utilizados de rotina na IC durante a realiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo. A fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o era maior que 50% em 28,2% dos 3013 pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Ap&#243;s os estudos mencionados anteriormente, o tratamento para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca apresentou significativo avan&#231;o com inclus&#227;o de novas drogas tais como sacubitril-valsartana e inibidores da ISGLT. Estudos como PARADIGM-HF<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e DAPA-HF<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> demonstraram significativa redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade com uso de sacubitril-valsartana e inibidores do ISGLT-2 em pacientes com ICFER. Estas drogas t&#234;m mudado significativamente o progn&#243;stico destes pacientes, o que impactam diretamente na mortalidade e hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es. E s&#227;o indicadas nas diretrizes nacionais e internacionais. Essas medica&#231;&#245;es emergem como pilares no manejo da IC atualmente, oferecendo diversos benef&#237;cios al&#233;m da redu&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Portanto, os estudos pr&#233;vios citados acima descrevem de maneira detalhada e eficaz um n&#250;mero significativo de pacientes com IC, tanto ambulatoriais quanto internados, o que representa, de forma significativa, a epidemiologia da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca no Brasil. S&#227;o muito importantes tamb&#233;m como base de compara&#231;&#227;o para novos estudos que, no futuro, venham a avaliar o impacto da inclus&#227;o de novas drogas para o tratamento de IC no Brasil.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>An&#225;lise de Sobrevida e Fatores Associados a Mortalidade em Portadores de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca na Coorte ELSA-Brasil</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250329i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>What is the Impact of Advancements in the Treatment of Heart Failure Patients on Mortality?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia</surname>
            <given-names>L&#237;dia Ramalho Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Vit&#243;ria Ara&#250;jo da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8836-345X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Marcos Bemfica Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manaus</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AM</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manaus</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AM</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Jo&#227;o Marcos Bemfica Barbosa Ferreira</bold> &#8226; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas &#8211; Av. Carvalho Leal, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>69010-120</postal-code>, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>jmbemfica@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Treatment</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The article titled <italic>Survival Analysis and Factors Associated with Mortality in Heart Failure Patients in the ELSA-Brasil Cohort</italic> presents a significant case series on mortality in 251 patients diagnosed with heart failure in a Brazilian long-term outpatient follow-up cohort. The clinical profile associated with male individuals aged 70 and older, with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and the presence of comorbidities, showed poorer survival outcomes. Overall mortality after 12.3 years of follow-up was 19%. Among the classes of drugs known to reduce mortality in heart failure, patients in this study used beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and/or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. It is also worth noting that a minority of patients (6%) had an ejection fraction lower than 45%. Patient inclusion in the study occurred between 2008 and 2010.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the past ten years, according to DATASUS, Brazil has recorded over 2.2 million hospitalizations due to heart failure (HF), with an increasing trend, especially between 2015 and 2025. The Southeast region accounted for most of these cases (42.13%), followed by the Northeast (22.6%), South (22.5%), while the North and Central-West regions accounted for 5.6% and 7.5%, respectively. There is a slight male predominance (51.8%), and the highest incidence is observed in individuals over 60 years old, reflecting an aging population and the association of HF with conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The BREATHE-first phase<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> and BREATHE-extension<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> studies, organized by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, evaluated the scenario of hospitalized patients with HF. In the first phase, conducted between 2011 and 2012, 1,263 patients were evaluated, with an in-hospital mortality rate of 12.6%. The most commonly used medications were beta-blockers, ACEIs, ARBs, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, along with medications used for decompensation, such as diuretics, inotropes, and intravenous vasodilators. The ejection fraction was preserved in about 40% of the patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the second phase, called BREATHE-extension, an additional 1,761 patients hospitalized with heart failure were evaluated between 2016 and 2018, totaling 3,013 patients across both phases of the study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Among these 3,013 patients, in-hospital mortality was 10.9%, and 12-month mortality was 27.7%. Regarding hospital readmissions, 24.3% were readmitted within 90 days and 44.4% within 12 months. The medications used in the second phase were similar to those in the first, with most patients using beta-blockers, ACEIs, ARBs, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. The use of sacubitril-valsartan was initiated during the study. Therefore, its use before hospitalization, within the first 24 hours of admission, at discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge was 0.0%, 0.4%, 1.1%, 1.4%, 2.2%, and 2.9%, respectively. SGLT2 inhibitors were not yet routinely used in HF treatment during the study. The ejection fraction was above 50% in 28.2% of the 3,013 patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Following the aforementioned studies, heart failure treatment has significantly advanced with the inclusion of new drugs such as sacubitril-valsartan and SGLT2 inhibitors. Studies such as PARADIGM-HF<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and DAPA-HF<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> have demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality with the use of sacubitril-valsartan and SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with HFrEF. These drugs have significantly changed the prognosis of these patients, directly impacting mortality and hospitalizations. They are recommended in both national and international guidelines. These medications have emerged as cornerstones in the management of HF today, offering several benefits beyond symptom reduction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Therefore, the previous studies cited above effectively and thoroughly describe a significant number of HF patients, both outpatients and inpatients, representing the epidemiology of heart failure in Brazil. They are also very important as a comparison base for future studies that may assess the impact of introducing new drugs for HF treatment in Brazil.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Survival Analysis and Factors Associated with Mortality in Heart Failure Patients in the ELSA-Brasil Cohort</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
