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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">xnrQFQYBmDb5MHxLbzbvGKL</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000600202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250268</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial como Mais uma Faceta do Tabagismo Passivo</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4122-0264</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Gilson Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Escola Bahiana de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Izabel da Santa Casa da Bahia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Izabel da Santa Casa da Bahia, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia</label>: Gilson Soares Feitosa &#8226; Hospital Santa Izabel &#8211; Rua Florida, 211/302. CEP 40050-410, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>gilson-feitosa@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250268</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>Este &#233; um artigo de acesso aberto distribu&#237;do sob os termos da licen&#231;a de atribui&#231;&#227;o pelo Creative Commons</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Tabagismo</kwd>
        <kwd>Tabagismo Passivo</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O tabagismo e a hipertens&#227;o arterial s&#227;o fatores de risco reconhecidos para o desenvolvimento de doen&#231;a cardiovascular. Por isso, esfor&#231;os t&#234;m sido feitos no esclarecimento sobre seus potenciais malef&#237;cios bem como sobre os benef&#237;cios resultantes do seu controle junto &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o em geral.</p>
    <p>O tabagismo passivo tem recebido menos aten&#231;&#227;o quanto ao seu papel nocivo. Inicialmente, a aten&#231;&#227;o voltava-se para a irrita&#231;&#227;o de rino e nasofaringe e, somente mais recentemente, a problemas relacionados ao pulm&#227;o<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e a doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A proibi&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo em locais p&#250;blicos corroborou para a redu&#231;&#227;o tanto do pr&#243;prio tabagismo passivo como do tabagismo ativo. O Brasil se posiciona como um dos pa&#237;ses mais bem-sucedidos nessa campanha. A frequ&#234;ncia estimada de tabagismo no pa&#237;s varia entre 4% e 14,5%, com m&#233;dia de 9,1% para fumantes ativos, e 6,9% para fumantes passivos em ambiente domiciliar e 5,4% em ambiente de trabalho (segundo VIGITEL, 2021), apesar de leve aumento em 2023.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> No entanto, essas taxas ainda permanecem indesejavelmente elevadas.</p>
    <p>Processos inflamat&#243;rios persistem por algum tempo ap&#243;s cessa&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo, e a arteriosclerose parece ser permanente, mesmo ap&#243;s a sua interrup&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Dada a preval&#234;ncia da hipertens&#227;o arterial estimada em 26,3%, sua intera&#231;&#227;o com tabagismo assume grande relev&#226;ncia como fator potencializador de tais les&#245;es. Embora se saiba que o tabagismo ativo se correlaciona com maiores taxas de hipertens&#227;o arterial, apesar de estudos recentes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> tais informa&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o existem ou s&#227;o escassas em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tabagismo passivo.</p>
    <p>No estudo publicado nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia os autores utilizaram um grande banco de dados colhido por entrevista telef&#244;nica (VIGITEL), com amostras de todas as capitais brasileiras e no Distrito Federal. As amostras foram ajustadas quanto a fatores de confus&#227;o como sexo, idade, cor da pele, escolaridade, estado civil e regi&#227;o. Os resultados apontaram para uma associa&#231;&#227;o entre tabagismo passivo e presen&#231;a de hipertens&#227;o arterial numa magnitude semelhante &#224; do tabagismo ativo de mais de um ma&#231;o de cigarro ao dia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em ex-tabagistas que permanecem com o tabagismo passivo, ou mesmo sem esse, h&#225; uma associa&#231;&#227;o ainda mais forte com a hipertens&#227;o arterial. Uma curiosidade &#233; a menor associa&#231;&#227;o de hipertens&#227;o arterial com o tabagismo leve, de menos que um ma&#231;o de cigarro por dia, sugerindo um efeito at&#233; protetor, talvez at&#233; como um amenizador do estresse.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A literatura mostra achados conflitantes sobre esta rela&#231;&#227;o de tabagismo leve com hipertens&#227;o arterial.</p>
    <p>Ap&#243;s a cessa&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo, o aumento de peso concomitante ao aumento da press&#227;o arterial pode explicar uma aparente prote&#231;&#227;o do h&#225;bito de fumar,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> ou em alguns casos, mascarando-se uma hipertens&#227;o arterial. Contudo, no tabagismo ativo, mesmo que leve, h&#225; a inala&#231;&#227;o de ar circundante onde se encontram os elementos que determinam os males do tabagismo passivo. Os autores desse trabalho devem ser parabenizados pela constru&#231;&#227;o de um conhecimento como o da significativa associa&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo passivo com hipertens&#227;o arterial.</p>
    <p>No entanto, a natureza da coleta de dados poderia em princ&#237;pio apresentar alguns sen&#245;es. Os dados foram obtidos a partir de informa&#231;&#227;o volunt&#225;ria dada pelos participantes por telefone, sem a possibilidade de verifica&#231;&#227;o ou de medida objetiva da exposi&#231;&#227;o. N&#227;o foram avaliados, por exemplo, marcadores como cotinina e carbohemoglobina, e outros, no sangue, na urina ou na saliva. A grande amostra populacional ameniza at&#233; certo ponto essa quest&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Assim, o estudo refor&#231;a uma importante associa&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo passivo com a hipertens&#227;o arterial. Esse dado &#233; particularmente importante para o momento em que o mundo se v&#234; cercado de propaganda enganosa que procura estimular outras formas de tabagismo com prov&#225;vel igual malef&#237;cio ao do uso do cigarro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
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          <article-title>Acute Effects of Electronic and Tobacco Cigarette Smoking on Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure in Humans</article-title>
          <source>Int J Environ Res Public Health</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <size units="pages">3237</size>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ijerph19063237</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p> Associa&#231;&#227;o entre Tabagismo Passivo e Hipertens&#227;o: Um Estudo de Painel com 621.506 Adultos do Brasil</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250268i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Hypertension as another Facet of Passive Smoking</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4122-0264</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Gilson Soares</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Bahiana de Medicina, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Santa Izabel da Santa Casa da Bahia, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Gilson Soares Feitosa &#8226; Hospital Santa Izabel &#8211; Rua Florida, 211/302. Postal Code 40050-410, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: gilson-feitosa@uol.com.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Smoking</kwd>
        <kwd>Passive Smoking</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Hypertension</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Smoking and hypertension are recognized risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. Efforts have been made to clarify their potential harm, as well as the benefits resulting from their control among the general population.</p>
      <p>Passive smoking has received less attention regarding its harmful role. Initially, the focus was on irritation of the rhino and nasopharynx, and only more recently, on lung-related problems<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and cardiovascular diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The ban on smoking in public places has contributed to the reduction of both passive smoking and active smoking. Brazil positions itself as one of the most successful countries in this campaign. The estimated frequency of smoking in the country ranges between 4% and 14.5%, with an average of 9.1% for active smokers and 6.9% for passive smokers in the home environment and 5.4% in the work environment (according to VIGITEL, 2021), despite a slight increase in 2023.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> However, these rates remain undesirably high.</p>
      <p>Inflammatory processes persist for some time after smoking cessation, and arteriosclerosis appears to be permanent even after its interruption.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Given the prevalence of hypertension estimated at 26.3%, its interaction with smoking assumes great relevance as a potentiating factor for such lesions. Although it is known that active smoking correlates with higher rates of hypertension, despite recent studies,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> such information does not exist or is scarce in relation to passive smoking.&#8221;</p>
      <p>In the study published in the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, the authors used a large database collected through telephone interviews (VIGITEL), with samples from all Brazilian capitals and the Federal District. The samples were adjusted for confounding factors such as sex, age, skin color, education, marital status, and region. The results pointed to an association between passive smoking and the presence of hypertension in a magnitude similar to that of active smoking of more than one pack of cigarettes per day.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In former smokers who continue to smoke passively, or even without it, there is an even stronger association with arterial hypertension. One interesting fact is the lower association of arterial hypertension with light smoking, of less than a pack of cigarettes per day, suggesting a protective effect, perhaps even as a stress reliever.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The literature shows conflicting findings about this relationship between light smoking and arterial hypertension.</p>
      <p>After smoking cessation, the concomitant weight gain with increased blood pressure may explain an apparent protection of the smoking habit,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> or in some cases, masking hypertension. However, in active smoking, even if light, there is inhalation of surrounding air where the elements that determine the harms of passive smoking are found. The authors of this work should be congratulated for building knowledge such as the significant association of passive smoking with hypertension</p>
      <p>However, the nature of data collection could, in principle, present some caveats. The data were obtained from voluntary information given by participants over the phone, without the possibility of verification or objective measurement of exposure. For example, markers such as cotinine and carboxyhemoglobin, among others, in blood, urine, or saliva were not evaluated. The large sample, however, mitigates this issue to some extent.</p>
      <p>Thus, the study reinforces an important association between passive smoking and hypertension. This data is particularly important at a time when the world is surrounded by misleading advertising that seeks to promote other forms of smoking with likely equal harm to cigarette use.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p> Association between Passive Smoking and Hypertension: A Panel Study with 621.506 Adults from Brazil</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
