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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">Vm8YTp7xNLZD3g8qzZMsymj</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000600502</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250030</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00502</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Achados Inesperados na Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica Card&#237;aca: Trombo Intracard&#237;aco de R&#225;pido Desenvolvimento com Fibrose Endomioc&#225;rdica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-1843-3123</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bulburu</surname>
            <given-names>&#304;rem Bilge</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>G&#252;rdo&#287;an</surname>
            <given-names>Muhammet</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ustaba&#351;&#305;o&#287;lu</surname>
            <given-names>Fethi Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5966-2488</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Yalta</surname>
            <given-names>Kenan</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Trakya University</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">School of Medicine</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Edirne</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne - Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Trakya University</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">School of Medicine</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Radiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Edirne</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne - Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>&#304;rem Bilge Bulburu</bold> &#8226; Trakya University Faculty of Medicine &#8211; Cardiology &#8211; Kocasinan Mahallesi, Balkan Yerle&#351;kesi Trakya &#220;ni. T&#305;p Fak. Hastanesi Edirne <postal-code>22030</postal-code> &#8211; Turquia E-mail: <email>drirembilge@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Nuno Bettencourt</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250030</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Cardio-Oncologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrose Endomioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A fibrose endomioc&#225;rdica (EMF) &#233; uma forma rara de cardiomiopatia restritiva, particularmente prevalente em regi&#245;es tropicais. Essa condi&#231;&#227;o &#233; comumente associada &#224; hipereosinofilia no sangue perif&#233;rico, embora tamb&#233;m possa ocorrer na aus&#234;ncia desse achado. Neste relato, descrevemos um caso incomum de EMF associado ao linfoma n&#227;o Hodgkin sem hipereosinofilia, acompanhado por um trombo intracard&#237;aco de r&#225;pido desenvolvimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Relato de Caso</title>
      <p>Uma mulher de 25 anos com hist&#243;rico de linfoma n&#227;o Hodgkin apresentou-se ao departamento de emerg&#234;ncia com dispneia de in&#237;cio recente. A paciente havia passado por quatro ciclos de quimioterapia contendo antraciclinas, sendo a sess&#227;o mais recente realizada dois meses antes da admiss&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Os exames de sangue revelaram um n&#237;vel elevado de D-d&#237;mero (5,71 mg/L), troponina aumentada (231,8 ng/L), prote&#237;na C reativa elevada (11 mg/L) e uma contagem de eosin&#243;filos marcadamente baixa (0,01&#215;10<sup>9</sup>/L). A angiotomografia computadorizada realizada no departamento de emerg&#234;ncia revelou um defeito de preenchimento no ramo segmentar medial da art&#233;ria pulmonar direita, sugestivo de embolia, enquanto nenhuma anormalidade ou trombo foi observado nas c&#226;maras card&#237;acas (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1A</xref>). A heparina de baixo peso molecular foi administrada duas vezes ao dia para embolia pulmonar.</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>A) Imagem de Angiotomografia Computadorizada realizada no primeiro dia; n&#227;o se observou trombo no ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE); B) Primeira imagem de Ecocardiografia Transtor&#225;cica (ETT) em quatro c&#226;maras, sem trombo no VE; C) Imagem de Resson&#226;ncia Magn&#233;tica Card&#237;aca (RMC) em quatro c&#226;maras mostrando trombo; D) Imagem de RMC em eixo curto mostrando Realce Tardio pelo Gadol&#237;nio (RTG) no mioc&#225;rdio (seta vermelha); E) Imagem de RMC em quatro c&#226;maras mostrando RTG subendoc&#225;rdico e mioc&#225;rdico (marcado com uma seta vermelha e * indicando o trombo); F) Imagem de RMC sagital mostrando RTG subendoc&#225;rdico e mioc&#225;rdico e * indicando o trombo; G) Imagem de RMC de recupera&#231;&#227;o de invers&#227;o de tau curto (STIR) em eixo curto mostrando aumento de sinal consistente com inflama&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica; H) Imagem de ETT em quatro c&#226;maras mostrando um defeito de preenchimento sugestivo de trombo detectado no &#225;pice do VE.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-06-e20250030-50030-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>A ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica (ETT) de rotina revelou uma fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE) de 55%, disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica de grau 1 e nenhuma evid&#234;ncia de patologia ventricular (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura B</xref>). A angiografia coron&#225;ria foi realizada para excluir etiologia isqu&#234;mica, e a resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca (RMC) foi planejada para descartar miocardite. As art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias pareceram normais.</p>
      <p>Quatro dias ap&#243;s a avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica e dez dias ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio da anticoagula&#231;&#227;o, a RMC revelou um trombo inesperado preenchendo o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE), do &#225;pice at&#233; a regi&#227;o m&#233;dia do ventr&#237;culo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1C</xref> e <xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Material Suplementar 1</xref>). Observou-se realce tardio do contraste consistente com EMF, sendo mais proeminente na regi&#227;o subendoc&#225;rdica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figuras 1D, E e F</xref>). Ainda, aumentos de sinal compat&#237;veis com inflama&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e edema foram identificados nas imagens de recupera&#231;&#227;o de invers&#227;o de tau curto (STIR) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1G</xref>). Foi observado um derrame peric&#225;rdico de 17 mm. A ecocardiografia de acompanhamento confirmou a presen&#231;a de trombo no &#225;pice do VE (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1H</xref>, <xref ref-type="app" rid="app1">Material Suplementar 2</xref>).</p>
      <p>O diagn&#243;stico foi de FEM secund&#225;ria &#224; quimioterapia com antraciclinas, com forma&#231;&#227;o de trombo intracard&#237;aco como complica&#231;&#227;o da EMF. A s&#237;ndrome de Loeffler foi descartada, pois os n&#237;veis de eosin&#243;filos da paciente permaneceram no limite inferior da faixa normal. A paciente foi tratada com terapia antibi&#243;tica e anticoagula&#231;&#227;o, sem complica&#231;&#245;es emb&#243;licas observadas. Infelizmente, a paciente acabou sucumbindo a choque s&#233;ptico e fal&#234;ncia de m&#250;ltiplos &#243;rg&#227;os.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>As taxas de sobreviv&#234;ncia aumentaram com os avan&#231;os nas terapias contra o c&#226;ncer, mas isso tamb&#233;m levou a uma maior incid&#234;ncia de efeitos colaterais card&#237;acos associados &#224; quimioterapia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Consequentemente, a avalia&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca de rotina e o monitoramento da FE s&#227;o recomendados para pacientes com c&#226;ncer, dependendo do regime espec&#237;fico de quimioterapia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Embora a ETT seja comumente usada para monitorar a fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, a RMC demonstrou ser mais sens&#237;vel na detec&#231;&#227;o precoce de altera&#231;&#245;es na FE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Ela pode identificar redu&#231;&#245;es na FE antes que se tornem aparentes na ecocardiografia e detectar edema mioc&#225;rdico e aumento do volume extracelular por meio das t&#233;cnicas de mapeamento T1 e T2. Esses m&#233;todos permitem um diagn&#243;stico mais precoce, muitas vezes antes do aparecimento da fibrose e do realce tardio pelo gadol&#237;nio, tornando a RMC uma ferramenta valiosa no manejo das complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas relacionadas &#224; quimioterapia, como o decl&#237;nio da fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda associado &#224; terapia com antraciclinas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Este caso destaca um trombo intracard&#237;aco de desenvolvimento r&#225;pido em um paciente com c&#226;ncer sob terapia anticoagulante. Embora o realce tardio do contraste na RMC seja tipicamente associado a danos mioc&#225;rdicos irrevers&#237;veis, como os observados na doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, o envolvimento de todo o subendoc&#225;rdio, em vez de uma les&#227;o localizada na regi&#227;o epic&#225;rdica da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria &#8211; junto com uma angiografia coron&#225;ria normal &#8211; sugere que a FEM seja a doen&#231;a prim&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Estudos anteriores indicaram que as antraciclinas podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de FEM card&#237;aca, dependendo do hist&#243;rico de tratamento do paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O gatilho exato para a forma&#231;&#227;o de trombos nesses pacientes ainda n&#227;o est&#225; claro; no entanto, v&#225;rios fatores, incluindo cardiotoxicidade induzida pela quimioterapia, um estado de hipercoagulabilidade e o desenvolvimento de FEM, provavelmente contribuem para a r&#225;pida forma&#231;&#227;o de trombos intracavit&#225;rios, o que pode levar a uma descompensa&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida e &#224; morte.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Portanto, os cl&#237;nicos devem estar atentos ao reconhecimento da natureza multifatorial do estado de hipercoagulabilidade em pacientes com c&#226;ncer, pois isso pode resultar no desenvolvimento acelerado de trombos intracavit&#225;rios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A realiza&#231;&#227;o precoce de exames card&#237;acos de imagem deve ser considerada para pacientes com c&#226;ncer que apresentem sintomas card&#237;acos ou pulmonares de in&#237;cio recente. A forma&#231;&#227;o de trombos intracavit&#225;rios deve ser monitorada de perto, particularmente em pacientes com m&#250;ltiplos fatores de risco par hipercoagula&#231;&#227;o, que podem levar &#224; mortalidade e &#224; morbidade importantes.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#201;tica e Consentimento Informado</label>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn4">
        <label>Uso de Intelig&#234;ncia Artificial</label>
        <p>Os autores n&#227;o utilizaram ferramentas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial no desenvolvimento deste trabalho.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
      <label>Disponibilidade de Dados</label>
      <p>Os conte&#250;dos subjacentes ao texto da pesquisa est&#227;o contidos no manuscrito.</p>
    </sec>
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    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <title>*Material suplementar</title>
        <p>Para assistir ao v&#237;deo suplementar 1, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12206/2025-0030_CC_Supplementary_material1.mp4">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
        <media id="f3" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/Vm8YTp7xNLZD3g8qzZMsymj/246676768fb9a24540466c2995adf274f65055cc.mp4">
          <label>Video 1</label>
        </media>
        <p>Para assistir ao v&#237;deo suplementar 2, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12206/2025-0030_CC_Supplementary_material2.mp4">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
        <media id="f4" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/Vm8YTp7xNLZD3g8qzZMsymj/d1598b6d81d172acf05a6de2287102ad575a8e55.mp4">
          <label>Video 2</label>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250030i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Surprising Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings: Rapidly Developing Intracardiac Thrombus with Endomyocardial Fibrosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0009-1843-3123</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bulburu</surname>
            <given-names>&#304;rem Bilge</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>G&#252;rdo&#287;an</surname>
            <given-names>Muhammet</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ustaba&#351;&#305;o&#287;lu</surname>
            <given-names>Fethi Emre</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5966-2488</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Yalta</surname>
            <given-names>Kenan</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Edirne</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Edirne</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>&#304;rem Bilge Bulburu</bold> &#8226; Trakya University Faculty of Medicine &#8211; Cardiology &#8211; Kocasinan Mahallesi, Balkan Yerle&#351;kesi Trakya &#220;ni. T&#305;p Fak. Hastanesi Edirne <postal-code>22030</postal-code> - T&#252;rkiye E-mail: <email>drirembilge@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Nuno Bettencourt</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardio-Oncology</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Endomyocardial Fibrosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a rare form of restrictive cardiomyopathy, particularly prevalent in tropical regions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This condition is commonly associated with peripheral blood hypereosinophilia, though it may also occur in the absence of such finding. In this report, we describe an unusual case of EMF linked to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without hypereosinophilia, accompanied by a rapidly developing intracardiac thrombus.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case Report</title>
        <p>A 25-year-old woman with a history of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presented to the emergency department with new-onset dyspnea. The patient had undergone four cycles of chemotherapy containing anthracyclines, with the most recent session occurring two months prior to admission.</p>
        <p>Blood tests revealed an elevated D-dimer level (5.71 mg/L), increased troponin (231.8 ng/L), elevated C-reactive protein (11 mg/L), and a markedly low eosinophil count (0.01&#215;10<sup>9</sup>/L). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) performed in the emergency department revealed a filling defect in the medial segmental branch of the right pulmonary artery, suggestive of an embolism, while no abnormalities or thrombus were observed in the heart chambers (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1A</xref>). Low-molecular-weight heparin was administered twice daily for pulmonary embolism.</p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>A) Computed tomography angiography image on the first day, no thrombus was observed in the left ventricle (LV); B) First transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) four-chamber view, no thrombus in the LV; C) Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) four-chamber view demonstrating thrombus; D) CMR short axix view demonstratig myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), marked with a red arrow; E) CMR four chamber view demonstrating subendocardial and myocardial LGE marked with a red arrow and * showing the thrombus; F) CMR sagittal view demonstrating subendocardial and myocardial LGE and * showing the thrombus; G) CMR STIR short-axis view showed signal increase consistent with myocardial inflammation; H) TTE four-chamber view demonstrating a filling defect suggestive of a thrombus was detected in the LV apex.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-06-e20250030-50030-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Routine transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed an ejection fraction (EF) of 55%, grade 1 diastolic dysfunction, and no evidence of ventricular pathology (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure B</xref>). Coronary angiography was performed to exclude ischemic etiology, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was planned to rule out myocarditis. The coronary arteries appeared normal.</p>
        <p>Four days after the echocardiographic assessment and 10 days following the initiation of anticoagulation, CMR revealed an unexpected thrombus filling the left ventricle from the apex to the mid-ventricle (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1C</xref> and <xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Supplementary Material 1</xref>). Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) consistent with EMF was observed, with the enhancement being more prominent in the subendocardial region (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1D, E and F</xref>). Also, signal increases consistent with myocardial inflammation and edema were observed on short-tau inversion-recovery (STIR) images (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure1 G</xref>). A pericardial effusion of 17 mm was observed. Follow-up echocardiography confirmed the presence of thrombus at the left ventricular (LV) apex (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1H</xref>, <xref ref-type="app" rid="app2">Supplementary Material 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>The diagnosis was EMF secondary to anthracycline chemotherapy, with intracardiac thrombus formation as a complication of EMF. Loeffler's syndrome was ruled out, as the patient's eosinophil levels remained at the lower end of the normal range. The patient was managed with antibiotic therapy and anticoagulation, and no embolic complications were observed. Unfortunately, the patient ultimately succumbed to septic shock and multile organ failure.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>D&#305;scuss&#305;on</title>
        <p>Survival rates have increased with advancements in cancer therapies, but this has also led to a higher incidence of cardiac side effects associated with chemotherapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> As a result, routine cardiac evaluation and monitoring of EF are recommended for cancer patients, depending on the specific chemotherapy regimen.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> While TTE is commonly used to monitor cardiac function, CMR has proven to be more sensitive in detecting early changes in EF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> It can identify declines in EF before they become apparent on echocardiography and detect myocardial edema and increased extracellular volume through T1 and T2 mapping techniques. These methods can enable earlier diagnosis, often before fibrosis and LGE appear, making CMR a valuable tool in managing chemotherapy-related cardiac complications, such as the decline in LV function associated with anthracycline therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>This case highlights a rapidly developing intracardiac thrombus in a cancer patient under anticoagulation therapy. Although LGE on MRI is typically associated with irreversible myocardial damage such as that seen in coronary artery disease, the involvement of the entire subendocardium rather than a localized lesion in the epicardial coronary artery region&#8212;along with normal coronary angiography&#8212;suggests that EMF is the primary pathology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Previous studies have indicated that anthracyclines may contribute to the development of cardiac EMF, depending on the patient's treatment history.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The exact trigger for thrombus formation in these patients remains unclear; however, several factors, including chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, a hypercoagulable state, and the development of EMF, likely contribute to the rapid formation of intracavitary thrombus, which can lead to swift decompensation and death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Therefore, clinicians must be vigilant in recognizing the multifactorial nature of the hypercoagulable state in cancer patients, as it may result in the rapid development of intracavitary thrombi.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Early cardiac imaging should be considered for cancer patients presenting with newly developed cardiac or pulmonary symptoms. Intracavitary thrombus formation should be closely monitored, particularly in patients with multiple risk factors for hypercoagulation, as this can lead to significant morbidity and mortality.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn5">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn7">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn8">
          <label>Use of Artificial Intelligence</label>
          <p>The authors did not use any artificial intelligence tools in the development of this work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-in-article">
        <label>Data Availability</label>
        <p>The underlying content of the research text is contained within the manuscript.</p>
      </sec>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app2">
          <title>*Supplemental Materials</title>
          <p>See the Supplemental Video 1, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12206/2025-0030_CC_Supplementary_material1.mp4">click here</ext-link>.</p>
          <media id="f5" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/Vm8YTp7xNLZD3g8qzZMsymj/246676768fb9a24540466c2995adf274f65055cc.mp4">
            <label>Video 1</label>
          </media>
          <p>See the Supplemental Video 2, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12206/2025-0030_CC_Supplementary_material2.mp4">click here</ext-link>.</p>
          <media id="f6" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/Vm8YTp7xNLZD3g8qzZMsymj/d1598b6d81d172acf05a6de2287102ad575a8e55.mp4">
            <label>Video 1</label>
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</article>
