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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">whNpKKmmkvVNgLGTw7sMZ6L</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000500208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250323</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20250323</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Nada sobre as Mulheres, sem as Mulheres, &#233; para as Mulheres</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7866-9335</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Arthur</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Perez de Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1635-4984</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mejia</surname>
            <given-names>Omar Asdr&#250;bal Vilca</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Benefici&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Benefici&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Omar Asdr&#250;bal Vilca Mejia &#8226;</bold> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-900</postal-code>, Cerqueira C&#233;sar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>omar.mejia@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>05</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250323</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Resultados em Cuidados de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
        <kwd>Procedimentos Cir&#250;rgicos Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de da Mulher</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>An&#225;lises ajustadas mostram que mulheres tem maior mortalidade do que os homens ap&#243;s cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CRM), al&#233;m de receber uma t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica de menor qualidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Estrat&#233;gias atuais focam na otimiza&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria e na padroniza&#231;&#227;o dos cuidados intra e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios, assim como de incluir mais mulheres nas pesquisas. Atualmente, mulheres s&#227;o sub-representadas, chegando at&#233; 16% da amostra em alguns <italic>trials.</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Isto refor&#231;a o chamado por mais equidade e uma maior inclus&#227;o de mulheres nos projetos de pesquisa ou do contr&#225;rio a realiza&#231;&#227;o de estudos espec&#237;ficos em mulheres.</p>
    <p>Acredito que demoramos para refletir sobre esta realidade j&#225; que o sexo feminino &#233; considerado preditor de mortalidade na CRM desde a publica&#231;&#227;o do CASS em 1981<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> e se manteve constante, inclusive no nosso cen&#225;rio como parte do InsCor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Isto foi novamente reconhecido neste importante artigo de Goncharov et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Identificando o sexo feminino como preditor de mortalidade em um estudo unic&#234;ntrico e retrospectivo com 9.845 pacientes onde menos de 20% foram mulheres. No entanto ao contr&#225;rio de outros estudos, a diferen&#231;a de mortalidade entre mulheres e homens foi perdida ap&#243;s o pareamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O <italic>propensity score</italic> ajusta uma an&#225;lise com base nas vari&#225;veis observadas, enquanto estudos randomizados balanceiam tanto sobre vari&#225;veis conhecidas como desconhecidas. O vi&#233;s surge quando diferen&#231;as nos resultados possam ser consequ&#234;ncia de caracter&#237;sticas secund&#225;rias dos pacientes e isto pode ser not&#243;rio em uma amostra de quase 3 d&#233;cadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Dentro disto, talvez a vari&#225;vel que mais pode ter influenciado estes resultados foi a inclus&#227;o de cirurgias combinadas com CRM e n&#227;o somente CRM isolada. Mulheres pelo geral s&#227;o operadas apresentando mais comorbidades e chegam num est&#225;dio mais avan&#231;ado para cirurgia.</p>
    <p>Este &#233; um achado global e que pode estar relacionado ao avan&#231;o silencioso da cardiopatia nas mulheres ou at&#233; ter um componente comportamental e cultural, o que justifica o pareamento dos grupos. Mas, independentemente de Goncharov ter mostrado que ap&#243;s o pareamento em um banco de dados unic&#234;ntrico retrospectivo n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a na mortalidade entre mulheres e homens, ele conclui que o sexo feminino &#233; sim um preditor independente de mortalidade ap&#243;s CRM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Um preditor que carrega a influ&#234;ncia de outras vari&#225;veis conhecidas e desconhecidas da nossa pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria e que devemos elucidar com urg&#234;ncia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Assim, por exemplo, dados mostram que nas CRM, mesmo mulheres apresentando menor tempo de cirurgia, de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea, de anoxia, assim como um menor uso de enxertos arteriais e menos anastomoses distais, elas evoluem com mais complica&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s-operat&#243;rias imediatas. Isto nos faz refletir que n&#227;o devemos somente padronizar cuidados iguais, mas que dever&#237;amos avan&#231;ar para cuidados cir&#250;rgicos personalizados e otimizados em mulheres, tanto nos crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos, quanto no preparo, e o melhor momento para a interven&#231;&#227;o, assim como nas melhores estrat&#233;gias cir&#250;rgicas para cada paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Personalizar &#233; importante, existem fatores de risco que realmente s&#227;o irrevers&#237;veis nas mulheres, como s&#227;o uma menor constitui&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica, assim como um menor di&#226;metro e maior tortuosidade das coron&#225;rias, al&#233;m de uma maior preval&#234;ncia de fragilidade. As varia&#231;&#245;es hormonais tornam mais grave a doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica no sexo feminino. Evid&#234;ncias recentes mostram que o tamanho f&#237;sico menor nas mulheres leva a uma maior hemodilui&#231;&#227;o e taxas de hemat&#243;crito mais baixas durante a circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea que justifica, a necessidade de n&#237;veis mais liberais de transfus&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o aos homens.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Uma das &#225;reas que mais tem nos preocupado est&#225; relacionada ao momento da indica&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica e ao preparo das pacientes mulheres, pois as recomenda&#231;&#245;es v&#234;m de diretrizes com n&#250;mero inexpressivo de mulheres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Portanto, n&#243;s estamos liberando pacientes mulheres para cirurgia com os crit&#233;rios de pacientes homens, isto significa, com os mesmos n&#237;veis de hemoglobina s&#233;rica, hemoglobina glicosilada, fun&#231;&#227;o renal, albumina, etc. o que poderia explicar a diferen&#231;a nos resultados. Isto amplia nosso horizonte, n&#227;o s&#243; pela busca de como indicar melhor se n&#227;o de como preparar, tratar e cuidar melhor das mulheres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Goncharov et al. est&#227;o de parab&#233;ns por conseguir trazer mais discuss&#227;o sobre os resultados da CRM em mulheres, o que refor&#231;a o "<italic>Call to action</italic>" por mais evid&#234;ncias cient&#237;ficas incluindo mulheres para poder ser utilizadas efetivamente em mulheres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Promover um melhor atendimento para as mulheres se torna uma necessidade social que traz benef&#237;cios n&#227;o somente por ser a popula&#231;&#227;o que mais cresce no mundo, se n&#227;o por promover o princ&#237;pio da inclus&#227;o e nos adequar &#224;s necessidades espec&#237;ficas que v&#227;o ao encontro com as pol&#237;ticas atuais. A frase "Nada sobre n&#243;s sem n&#243;s &#233; para nos" baseia-se no princ&#237;pio de participa&#231;&#227;o, &#233; usado para comunicar a ideia de que nenhuma pol&#237;tica deve ser decidida sem a participa&#231;&#227;o plena e direta dos membros do(s) grupo(s) afetado(s) por ela (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Nada sobre n&#243;s sem n&#243;s &#233; para n&#243;s. Ricardo Levins Morales, 2010. Digital collections Joseph P. Healey Library.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-05-e20250323-50323-gf01.tif"/></fig>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>O Sexo Feminino est&#225; Associado &#224; Mortalidade na Cirurgia de Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio?</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250323i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Nothing about Women without Women is for Women</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7866-9335</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Arthur</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Perez de Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1635-4984</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mejia</surname>
            <given-names>Omar Asdr&#250;bal Vilca</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Benefici&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Omar Asdr&#250;bal Vilca Mejia &#8226;</bold> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-900</postal-code>, Cerqueira C&#233;sar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>omar.mejia@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Outcomes Assessment in Health Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures</kwd>
        <kwd>Women's Health</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Adjusted analyses show that women have higher mortality rates than men after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), in addition to receiving a lower-quality surgical technique.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Current strategies focus on preoperative optimization and standardization of intra- and postoperative care, as well as including more women in research. Currently, women are underrepresented, reaching up to 16% of the sample in some trials.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> This reinforces the call for greater equity and greater inclusion of women in research projects, or, on the contrary, for specific studies on women. I believe that we have been slow to reflect on this reality, since female gender has been considered a predictor of mortality in CABG since the publication of CASS in 1981<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> and has remained constant, including in our setting as part of InsCor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This was once again recognized in this important article by Goncharov et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Identifying female sex as a predictor of mortality in a single-center and retrospective study with 9,845 patients, where less than 20% were women. However, unlike other studies, the difference in mortality between women and men was lost after pairing.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The propensity score adjusts an analysis based on the observed variables, while randomized studies balance both known and unknown variables. Bias arises when differences in results may be a consequence of secondary characteristics of the patients, and this can be noticeable in a sample spanning almost 3 decades.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Within this, perhaps the variable that may have most influenced these results was the inclusion of surgeries combined with CABG and not just CABG alone. Women in general are operated on with more comorbidities and arrive at a more advanced stage for surgery.</p>
      <p>This is a global finding that may be related to the silent progression of heart disease in women or even have a behavioral and cultural component, which justifies the pairing of the groups. However, regardless of Goncharov having shown that after pairing in a retrospective single-center database, there was no difference in mortality between women and men, he concludes that female sex is indeed an independent predictor of mortality after CABG.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> A predictor that carries the influence of other known and unknown variables in our daily practice and that we must elucidate urgently<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>For example, data show that in CABG, even though women have shorter surgery times, extracorporeal circulation, anoxia, and less use of arterial grafts and fewer distal anastomoses, they develop more immediate postoperative complications. This makes us reflect that we should not only standardize equal care, but that we should move towards personalized and optimized surgical care for women, both in diagnostic criteria and in preparation, and the best time for intervention, as well as in the best surgical strategies for each patient.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Personalization is important; there are risk factors that are truly irreversible in women, such as a smaller physical constitution, as well as a smaller diameter and greater tortuosity of the coronary arteries, in addition to a higher prevalence of fragility. Hormonal variations make atherosclerotic disease more serious in women. Recent evidence shows that smaller physical size in women leads to greater hemodilution and lower hematocrit rates during cardiopulmonary bypass, justifying the need for more liberal levels of transfusion compared to men.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>One of the areas that has concerned us the most is related to the timing of surgical indication and the preparation of female patients, since the recommendations come from guidelines with an insignificant number of women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Therefore, we are releasing female patients for surgery with the same criteria as male patients, that is, with the same levels of serum hemoglobin, glycosylated hemoglobin, renal function, albumin, etc., which could explain the difference in results. This broadens our horizons, not only by seeking how to indicate better but also how to better prepare, treat, and care for women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Goncharov et al. are to be congratulated for being able to bring more discussion about the results of CABG in women, which reinforces the "Call to action" for more scientific evidence, including women, so that it can be used effectively in women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Promoting better care for women becomes a social necessity that brings benefits not only because they are the fastest growing population in the world, but also because it promotes the principle of inclusion and adapts to the specific needs that meet current policies. The phrase "Nothing about us without us is for us" is based on the principle of participation; it is used to communicate the idea that no policy should be decided without the full and direct participation of the members of the group(s) affected by it (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Nothing about us without us is for us. Ricardo Levins Morales, 2010. Digital collections Joseph P. Healey Library.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-05-e20250323-50323-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Is Female Gender Associated with Mortality in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
