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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">KQPZFp7tGd7SnyRgGGN8bvn</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000500203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250233</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00203</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Taquicardia Ventricular N&#227;o Sustentada e Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica: Quando Consider&#225;-la como Fator de Risco para Morte S&#250;bita e Mortalidade Total?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8803-8115</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Faganello</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Simonetto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1489-5349</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pimentel</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Mauricio Pimentel</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Bloco A. CEP <postal-code>90035-903</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>mpimentelrs@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250233</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica</kwd>
        <kwd>Taquicardia Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica (CMH) &#233; uma causa importante de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca (MSC), particularmente em pacientes jovens.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O implante de um cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) em pacientes de alto risco &#233; um aspecto fundamental do tratamento da CMH. No entanto, atualmente n&#227;o h&#225; ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados para orientar a sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes candidatos ao implante de CDI. As recomenda&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o baseadas em coortes retrospectivas que identificaram a rela&#231;&#227;o entre caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e progn&#243;stico. Os fatores de risco para MSC incluem hist&#243;rico de s&#237;ncope ou taquiarritmia ventricular, hist&#243;rico familiar de morte s&#250;bita, espessamento da parede ventricular esquerda, disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica, aneurisma apical, realce tardio na resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica e presen&#231;a de taquicardia ventricular n&#227;o sustentada (TVNS).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A TVNS ocorre em 20-30% dos pacientes com CMH e &#233; um preditor independente de MSC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> No entanto, a for&#231;a dessa evid&#234;ncia varia entre os estudos observacionais publicados, frequentemente devido a diferen&#231;as nas popula&#231;&#245;es estudadas ou nos crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos. Pesquisas conduzidas em centros terci&#225;rios indicam que a presen&#231;a de TVNS est&#225; associada a um maior risco de MSC, enquanto estudos de centros n&#227;o referenciados n&#227;o identificaram uma associa&#231;&#227;o estatisticamente significativa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Outro ponto de discuss&#227;o s&#227;o as caracter&#237;sticas da TVNS que devem ser consideradas. Enquanto a diretriz americana d&#225; maior &#234;nfase a arritmias mais frequentes, mais longas e mais r&#225;pidas, a diretriz europeia argumenta que n&#227;o h&#225; evid&#234;ncias robustas para apoiar isso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A diretriz brasileira considera a TVNS relevante quando &#233; frequente (&#8805; 3), mais longa (&#8805; 10 batimentos) e mais r&#225;pida (&#8805; 200 batimentos por minuto).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Esta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia apresenta um estudo de coorte brasileiro de pacientes com CMH acompanhados por 15 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Retrospectivamente, foram avaliados 763 pacientes, dos quais 8,3% possu&#237;am marcapasso e 6,8% CDI. A forma obstrutiva da doen&#231;a foi observada em 28,7% dos pacientes, e apenas 5,6% apresentaram espessura septal &gt; 30 mm. Os autores definiram a presen&#231;a de TVNS com base nos achados de um Holter de 24 horas indicando TVNS longa e r&#225;pida (dura&#231;&#227;o &gt; 10 batimentos e frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &gt; 130 bpm) ou na ocorr&#234;ncia de pelo menos 3 epis&#243;dios de TVNS com dura&#231;&#227;o &gt; 3 batimentos e frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &gt; 120 bpm. A incid&#234;ncia de TVNS foi de 10%. Ao considerar apenas o crit&#233;rio de epis&#243;dios longos e r&#225;pidos, a incid&#234;ncia foi de 1,4%. A presen&#231;a de TVNS n&#227;o demonstrou associa&#231;&#227;o com vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas como sexo, idade &gt; 40 anos ou espessura do septo interventricular. A mortalidade por todas as causas ao longo do estudo foi significativamente maior no grupo de pacientes com TVNS (26,3% vs. 15,9%).</p>
    <p>O estudo apresenta limita&#231;&#245;es t&#237;picas de uma coorte retrospectiva. A amostra de conveni&#234;ncia n&#227;o controla a sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes, e a coleta de dados de prontu&#225;rios limita as informa&#231;&#245;es dispon&#237;veis, tornando qualquer infer&#234;ncia estat&#237;stica explorat&#243;ria, conforme observado pelos autores. A preval&#234;ncia de TVNS em pacientes com CMH apresenta variabilidade significativa entre os diferentes estudos observacionais publicados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Essa variabilidade est&#225; claramente relacionada &#224; sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes (pacientes com doen&#231;a mais grave tendem a apresentar mais arritmias em compara&#231;&#227;o aos demais), aos crit&#233;rios para defini&#231;&#227;o de TVNS e &#224; dura&#231;&#227;o do monitoramento. No estudo, a m&#233;dia de idade dos pacientes foi de 52,6 anos, maior do que na maioria dos estudos progn&#243;sticos sobre TVNS em CMH. Uma limita&#231;&#227;o importante do estudo &#233; que ele avaliou apenas a mortalidade total e n&#227;o abordou especificamente a MSC. Essas informa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o altamente relevantes para a tomada de decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica em rela&#231;&#227;o ao implante de CDI. Mesmo com suas limita&#231;&#245;es, o estudo &#233; bastante relevante para avaliar uma coorte nacional em uma doen&#231;a com componente gen&#233;tico bem definido. A aplica&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco derivadas de estudos internacionais em pacientes brasileiros pode n&#227;o produzir os mesmos resultados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para MSC em pacientes com CMH permanece desafiadora. A disponibilidade de calculadoras de risco ou fluxogramas claros, como os da diretriz brasileira, facilita o julgamento cl&#237;nico, mas n&#227;o define individualmente o progn&#243;stico dos pacientes. A presen&#231;a e a morfologia da TVNS, bem como sua rela&#231;&#227;o com outros fatores de risco cl&#225;ssicos para MSC, precisam ser melhor avaliadas em estudos multic&#234;ntricos maiores para determinar quais pacientes realmente se beneficiam do implante de CDI.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Valor Progn&#243;stico da Taquicardia Ventricular n&#227;o Sustentada na Miocardiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica em Coorte Brasileira: Compara&#231;&#227;o com Literatura Mundial</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250233i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Non-sustained Ventricular Tachycardia and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: When to Consider it as a Risk Factor for Sudden Death and Total Mortality?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8803-8115</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Faganello</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Simonetto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1489-5349</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pimentel</surname>
            <given-names>Mauricio</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Mauricio Pimentel</bold> &#8226; Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 Bloco A. Postal Code <postal-code>90035-903</postal-code>, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>mpimentelrs@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Tachycardia</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an important cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD), particularly in young patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The implantation of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) in high-risk patients is a pivotal aspect of HCM treatment. However, there are currently no randomized clinical trials to guide the selection of patients who are candidates for ICD implantation. Recommendations are based on retrospective cohorts that have identified the relationship between clinical characteristics and prognosis. Risk factors for SCD include history of syncope or ventricular tachyarrhythmia, family history of sudden death, left ventricular wall thickness, systolic dysfunction, apical aneurysm, late enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, and the presence of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>NSVT occurs in 20-30% of patients with HCM and is an independent predictor of SCD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> However, the strength of this evidence varies among published observational studies, often due to differences in the studied populations or diagnostic criteria. Research conducted in tertiary centers indicates that the presence of NSVT is associated with a higher risk of SCD, while studies from non-reference centers have not identified a statistically significant association.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Another point of discussion is the characteristics of NSVT that should be considered. While the American guideline places greater emphasis on more frequent, longer, and faster arrhythmias, the European guideline argues that there is no robust evidence to support this.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The Brazilian guideline considers NSVT relevant when it is frequent (&#8805; 3), longer (&#8805; 10 beats), and faster (&#8805; 200 beatsper minute).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This edition of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> presents a Brazilian cohort study of patients with HCM followed over 15 years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Retrospectively, 763 patients were evaluated, of which 8.3% had pacemakers and 6.8% had ICDs. The obstructive form of the disease was observed in 28.7% of the patients, and only 5.6% presented with septal thickness &gt; 30 mm. The authors defined the presence of NSVT based on findings from a 24-hour Holter monitor indicating long and fast NSVT (duration &#8805; 10 beats and heart rate &#8805; 130 bpm) or the occurrence of at least 3 episodes of NSVT with a duration &#8805; 3 beats and heart rate &#8805; 120 bpm. The incidence of NSVT was 10%. When considering only the criterion of long and fast episodes, the incidence was 1.4%. The presence of NSVT did not show an association with clinical variables such as sex, age &gt; 40 years, or interventricular septal thickness. All-cause mortality throughout the study was significantly higher in the group of patients with NSVT (26.3% vs. 15.9%).</p>
      <p>The study presents typical limitations of a retrospective cohort. The convenience sample does not control patient selection, and data collection from records limits the available information, making any statistical inference exploratory, as noted by the authors. The prevalence of NSVT in patients with HCM shows significant variability across different published observational studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> This variability is clearly related to patient selection (patients with more severe disease tend to have more arrhythmias compared to others), the criteria for defining NSVT, and the duration of monitoring. In the study, the mean age of patients was 52.6 years, which is higher than in most prognostic studies on NSVT in HCM. A major limitation of the study is that it evaluated only total mortality and did not specifically address SCD. This information is highly relevant for clinical decision-making regarding ICD implantation. Even with its limitations, the study is quite relevant for evaluating a national cohort in a disease that has a well-defined genetic component. The application of risk stratification strategies derived from international studies to Brazilian patients may not yield the same results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Risk stratification for SCD in patients with HCM remains challenging. The availability of risk calculators or clear flowcharts, such as those in the Brazilian guideline, facilitates clinical judgment but does not individually define patients&#8217; prognosis. The presence and morphology of NSVT, as well as its relationship with other classical risk factors for SCD, need to be better evaluated in larger multicentric studies to determine which patients truly benefit from ICD implantation.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Prognostic Value of Nonsustained Ventricular Tachycardia in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in a Brazilian Cohort: Comparison with World Literature</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
