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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">4SsvMsztvHRmT7yjgrwmBqd</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000500202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250182</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00202</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Papel do Escore Progn&#243;stico de N&#225;poles na Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Permeabilidade do EVS ap&#243;s Cirurgia de Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8588-392X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>G&#252;rsoy</surname>
            <given-names>Mustafa Ozan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>G&#252;ne&#351;</surname>
            <given-names>Hakan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">&#304;zmir &#304;l Sa&#287;l&#305;k M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#304;zmir Sa&#287;l&#305;k Bilimleri &#220;niversitesi Tepecik E&#287;itim ve Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Hastanesi</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Konak</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">&#304;zmir &#304;l Sa&#287;l&#305;k M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#304;zmir Sa&#287;l&#305;k Bilimleri &#220;niversitesi Tepecik E&#287;itim ve Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Hastanesi, Konak &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Ministry of Health Sciences University Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Konak</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Ministry of Health Sciences University Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital &#8211; Cardiology, Konak, &#304;zmir &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Mustafa Ozan G&#252;rsoy</bold> &#8226; &#304;zmir &#304;l Sa&#287;l&#305;k M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#304;zmir Sa&#287;l&#305;k Bilimleri &#220;niversitesi Tepecik E&#287;itim ve Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Hastanesi &#8211; cardiology &#8211; izmir tepecik E.A.H Konak <postal-code>35020</postal-code> &#8211; Turquia E-mail: <email>m.ozangursoy@yahoo.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>16</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250182</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Veia Safena</kwd>
        <kwd>Permeabilidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por aproximadamente um ter&#231;o das mortes no mundo, e a doen&#231;a card&#237;aca isqu&#234;mica &#233; a forma mais comum.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRM) &#233; um procedimento comum realizado no tratamento da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, mas as menores taxas de permeabilidade dos enxertos s&#227;o as principais limita&#231;&#245;es durante o acompanhamento de curto e longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A falha do enxerto varia de 10% a 50%, dependendo do tipo de conduto utilizado, com maior incid&#234;ncia encontrada em enxertos de veia safena (EVS).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Mediadores inflamat&#243;rios desempenham pap&#233;is essenciais no desenvolvimento da aterosclerose<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> e t&#234;m sido extensivamente estudados em v&#225;rios dist&#250;rbios card&#237;acos e n&#227;o card&#237;acos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O escore progn&#243;stico de N&#225;poles (NPS) &#233; um novo escore desenvolvido de acordo com o estado inflamat&#243;rio e nutricional que tem sido frequentemente estudado em oncologia, especialmente em c&#226;nceres gastrointestinais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Tamb&#233;m foi proposto como um biomarcador inflamat&#243;rio e potencial preditor de risco e progn&#243;stico em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, incluindo infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O NPS pode fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a condi&#231;&#227;o inflamat&#243;ria e nutricional de um paciente, incluindo a raz&#227;o linf&#243;cito-mon&#243;cito (RLM), raz&#227;o neutr&#243;filo-linf&#243;cito (RNL), colesterol total (CT) e n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de alfa. O CT e a albumina s&#233;rica refletem o estado nutricional do corpo, enquanto a RNL e a RLM representam sua condi&#231;&#227;o imunoinflamat&#243;ria. Isso permite uma avalia&#231;&#227;o mais completa do estado f&#237;sico do paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A falha dos EVSs ap&#243;s CRM &#233; uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o significativa devido &#224; sua associa&#231;&#227;o com eventos adversos e preditores, e esfor&#231;os anteriores foram feitos para identificar preditores potenciais para a permeabilidade do enxerto usando v&#225;rios biomarcadores, incluindo n&#237;veis de largura de distribui&#231;&#227;o de plaquetas, propor&#231;&#227;o de plaquetas e linf&#243;citos, RNL e n&#237;veis de &#225;cido &#250;rico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Na edi&#231;&#227;o atual do ABC Cardiol, Karaduman et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> investigou a rela&#231;&#227;o potencial entre NPS e doen&#231;a EVS em pacientes com hist&#243;rico de cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio. Como o NPS era uma combina&#231;&#227;o de v&#225;rios par&#226;metros inflamat&#243;rios e nutricionais, ele foi considerado como tendo um importante papel preditivo em compara&#231;&#227;o a outros biomarcadores individuais. Os autores demonstraram que o NPS foi maior no grupo com degenera&#231;&#227;o da veia safena e emergiu como um preditor significativo para doen&#231;a do EVS, juntamente com diferentes par&#226;metros, incluindo hipertens&#227;o, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, intervalo de tempo desde a cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio e n&#250;mero de EVSs. Neste estudo, a popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes foi heterog&#234;nea: um ter&#231;o dos pacientes apresentava doen&#231;a arterial coronariana est&#225;vel, enquanto o restante havia sofrido s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (principalmente N&#227;o-IAMCSST). Isso pode ter influenciado parcialmente a interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos resultados, mas j&#225; foi mencionado como uma limita&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Resultados conflitantes tamb&#233;m est&#227;o presentes na literatura atual quanto ao papel do NPS na predi&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana. Recentemente, Ozkan et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> estudaram 1.138 pacientes submetidos &#224; angiotomografia coronariana e descobriram que o &#237;ndice de imunoinflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica (IIS) pode predizer a gravidade da doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, enquanto o NPS pode n&#227;o ter esse efeito. Eles sugeriram que a presen&#231;a de outros par&#226;metros que afetam os n&#237;veis de albumina e colesterol total pode ter impedido uma correla&#231;&#227;o significativa com a s&#237;ndrome coronariana cr&#244;nica. Deve-se ter em mente que o estado nutricional, a fun&#231;&#227;o hep&#225;tica e o equil&#237;brio de fluidos corporais podem ter um efeito consider&#225;vel nos n&#237;veis de albumina.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, os n&#237;veis de colesterol total tamb&#233;m podem ser afetados por h&#225;bitos alimentares de curto prazo. Ozkan et al. tamb&#233;m sugeriram que n&#227;o usar o valor do LDL-C pode ter reduzido o poder preditivo do NPS,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> j&#225; que o LDL &#233; considerado o principal fator de risco para aterosclerose; essas descobertas mostram que, embora o NPS tenha um papel progn&#243;stico incremental em muitos dist&#250;rbios oncol&#243;gicos e card&#237;acos, ele ainda tem algumas limita&#231;&#245;es e pode necessitar de algumas atualiza&#231;&#245;es futuras.</p>
    <p>Consequentemente, o NPS, calculado a partir dos valores de RNL, RLM, albumina e CT, demonstrou ser mais sens&#237;vel do que esses marcadores individualmente. Com base na publica&#231;&#227;o atual,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> o NPS pode oferecer novos insights sobre a permeabilidade do EVS ap&#243;s cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Por outro lado, a precis&#227;o do escore pode ser influenciada por fatores de confus&#227;o, como a presen&#231;a de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda ou outros fatores que podem afetar as respostas inflamat&#243;rias e metab&#243;licas. Portanto, estudos futuros em larga escala sobre doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para confirmar o valor do NPS como um biomarcador inflamat&#243;rio e nutricional.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Rela&#231;&#227;o entre o Escore Progn&#243;stico de N&#225;poles e a Doen&#231;a do Enxerto de Veia Safena ap&#243;s Cirurgia de Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250182i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Role of the Naples Prognostic Score in the Evaluation of SVG Patency Following CABG Surgery</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8588-392X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>G&#252;rsoy</surname>
            <given-names>Mustafa Ozan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>G&#252;ne&#351;</surname>
            <given-names>Hakan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">&#304;zmir &#304;l Sa&#287;l&#305;k M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#304;zmir Sa&#287;l&#305;k Bilimleri &#220;niversitesi Tepecik E&#287;itim ve Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Hastanesi</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Konak</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
          <institution content-type="original">&#304;zmir &#304;l Sa&#287;l&#305;k M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#304;zmir Sa&#287;l&#305;k Bilimleri &#220;niversitesi Tepecik E&#287;itim ve Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Hastanesi, Konak &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Ministry of Health Sciences University Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Konak</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Ministry of Health Sciences University Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital &#8211; Cardiology, Konak, &#304;zmir &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Mustafa Ozan G&#252;rsoy</bold> &#8226; &#304;zmir &#304;l Sa&#287;l&#305;k M&#252;d&#252;rl&#252;&#287;&#252; &#304;zmir Sa&#287;l&#305;k Bilimleri &#220;niversitesi Tepecik E&#287;itim ve Ara&#351;t&#305;rma Hastanesi &#8211; cardiology - izmir tepecik E.A.H Konak <postal-code>35020</postal-code> &#8211; T&#252;rkiye E-mail: <email>m.ozangursoy@yahoo.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Saphenous Vein</kwd>
        <kwd>Permeability</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are responsible for approximately one-third of deaths worldwide, and ischemic heart disease is the most common form.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a common procedure performed in the management of coronary artery disease, but the lower patency rates of grafts are the major limitations during the short and long-term follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The graft failure ranges from 10%&#8211;50%, depending upon the type of conduit used, with the highest incidence found in saphenous vein grafts (SVGs).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Inflammatory mediators play essential roles in the development of atherosclerosis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> and have been extensively studied in various cardiac and noncardiac disorders.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) is a novel score developed according to the inflammatory and nutritional status that has been frequently studied in oncology, especially gastrointestinal cancers.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> It has also been proposed as an inflammatory biomarker and potential predictor of risk and prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> NPS may provide information about a patient's inflammatory and nutritional condition, including lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), total cholesterol (TC), and serum alpha levels. TC and serum albumin reflect the body's nutritional status, whereas NLR and LMR represent its immunoinflammatory condition. This permits a more thorough assessment of the patient's physical state.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The failure of SVGs following CABG is a significant concern due to its association with adverse events and predictors, and previous efforts have been made to identify potential predictors for graft patency using multiple biomarkers, including platelet distribution width levels, platelet lymphocyte ratio, NLR, and uric acid levels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> In the current issue of the ABC Cardiol, Karaduman et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> investigated the potential relationship between NPS and SVG disease in patients with a history of CABG surgery. As NPS was a combination of several inflammatory and nutritional parameters, it was considered to have a major predictive role compared to other individual biomarkers. The authors showed that NPS was higher in the group with saphenous vein degeneration and emerged as a significant predictor for SVG disease along with different parameters, including hypertension, chronic kidney disease, time interval since CABG, and number of SVGs. In this study, the patient population was heterogeneous: One-third of the patients had stable coronary artery disease, whereas the remaining had suffered acute coronary syndrome (mostly Non-STEMI). This might have partially influenced the interpretation of the findings but has already been mentioned as a limitation.</p>
      <p>Conflicting results are also present in the current literature regarding the role of NPS in predicting coronary artery disease. Recently, Ozkan et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> studied 1138 patients having coronary computed tomographic angiography and discovered that systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) might predict coronary artery severity, whereas NPS might not. They have suggested that the presence of other parameters that affect albumin and total cholesterol levels may have prevented a significant correlation with chronic coronary syndrome. It should be kept in mind that nutritional status, liver function, and body fluid balance may have a considerable effect on albumin level.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Furthermore, TC levels may also be affected by short-term eating habits. Ozkan et al. also suggested that not using the LDL-C value might have reduced the predictive power of the NPS,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> as LDL is considered the main risk factor for atherosclerosis; these findings show that although NPS has an incremental prognostic role in many oncologic and cardiac disorders, it has still some limitations and may necessitate some future updates.</p>
      <p>Consequently, NPS, which is calculated from NLR, LMR, albumin, and TC values, has been demonstrated to be more sensitive than these markers individually. On the basis of the current publication,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> NPS may offer novel insights into SVG patency after CABG surgery. On the other hand, the accuracy of the score might be influenced by confounding factors such as the presence of acute coronary syndrome or other factors that may affect inflammatory and metabolic responses. Therefore, future large-scale studies on cardiovascular disorders are required to confirm the value of NPS as an inflammatory and nutritional biomarker.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Relationship Between the Naples Prognostic Score and Saphenous Vein Graft Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
