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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">GDB8RgSdbYfRvdLgkvMQPdk</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000400205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250275</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00205</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Repolariza&#231;&#227;o Precoce Afeta o Risco de Morte e Arritmias Ventriculares?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0854-7564</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fenelon</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Guilherme Fenelon &#8226;</bold> Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Centro de Arritmia &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627 Pavilh&#227;o Vicky e Joseph Safra, Sala 416. CEP <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>guilhermefenelon@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>04</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250275</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Morte S&#250;bita Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O padr&#227;o de repolariza&#231;&#227;o precoce (RP), definido como eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J &#8805;1 mm em &#8805;2 deriva&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas (ECG) cont&#237;guas das regi&#245;es inferior e/ou lateral, &#233; um achado comum, com preval&#234;ncia de aproximadamente 6% na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A RP foi considerada por muito tempo um fen&#244;meno benigno, uma vez que a maioria dos indiv&#237;duos afetados &#8212; geralmente homens jovens e atletas &#8212; apresenta uma incid&#234;ncia muito baixa de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No entanto, um estudo fundamental realizado por Ha&#239;ssaguerre et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> demonstrou uma ocorr&#234;ncia significativamente maior de RP (31%) em pacientes com fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular (FV) idiop&#225;tica em compara&#231;&#227;o aos controles (5%). Estudos subsequentes confirmaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre RP e arritmias ventriculares (AV) malignas em pacientes sem cardiopatia estrutural.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, a RP tem sido associada a desfechos adversos em pacientes com dist&#250;rbios el&#233;tricos prim&#225;rios, como a s&#237;ndrome do QT longo e a s&#237;ndrome de Brugada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Ao contr&#225;rio desses dist&#250;rbios, que s&#227;o diagnosticados com base em anormalidades espec&#237;ficas no ECG, a s&#237;ndrome de RP &#233; identificada em pacientes reanimados de taquicardia ventricular polim&#243;rfica ou FV que apresentam padr&#245;es de RP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A maioria dos indiv&#237;duos com RP &#233; assintom&#225;tica, tornando a identifica&#231;&#227;o de marcadores para estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco um aspecto crucial. As caracter&#237;sticas de alto risco propostas incluem ondas J &#8805;2 mm, altera&#231;&#245;es din&#226;micas na eleva&#231;&#227;o do ponto J (&gt;0,1 mV) e ondas J associadas a um segmento ST horizontal ou descendente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> No entanto, o valor preditivo desses marcadores permanece incerto, e a RP transit&#243;ria &#8212; presente no ECG basal, mas ausente em registros subsequentes &#8212; parece ser benigna.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os mecanismos da RP s&#227;o pouco compreendidos. Estudos em animais sugerem que um aumento da corrente transit&#243;ria de sa&#237;da de pot&#225;ssio (I<sub>to</sub>) durante a fase 2 do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o desempenha um papel central ao promover a repolariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica prematura e a perda vari&#225;vel do plat&#244; do potencial de a&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Esse fen&#244;meno &#233; mais pronunciado no epic&#225;rdio, levando a uma heterogeneidade da repolariza&#231;&#227;o, que subsequentemente favorece a reentrada de fase 2. A RP parece apresentar algum grau de hereditariedade, sendo mais prevalente em fam&#237;lias de sobreviventes de parada card&#237;aca inexplicada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> No entanto, os testes gen&#233;ticos atualmente dispon&#237;veis para RP t&#234;m valor diagn&#243;stico limitado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Pacientes diagnosticados com a s&#237;ndrome de RP &#8212; aqueles reanimados ap&#243;s FV &#8212; necessitam de um cardiodesfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) para preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Epis&#243;dios recorrentes de AV ocorrem em aproximadamente 40% dos casos, &#224;s vezes se manifestando como tempestades el&#233;tricas que exigem m&#250;ltiplas descargas do CDI. A infus&#227;o de isoproterenol &#233; eficaz para o manejo agudo, enquanto a quinidina (um bloqueador da corrente I<sub>to</sub>) pode reduzir as recorr&#234;ncias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Em casos selecionados, pode-se considerar a abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter direcionada aos focos de FV no trato de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo direito ou no sistema de Purkinje.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O manejo de pacientes com padr&#245;es de RP &#233; desafiador, uma vez que faltam marcadores de risco confi&#225;veis para AV malignas e o progn&#243;stico geral dessa popula&#231;&#227;o &#233; muito favor&#225;vel. Em indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos, recomenda-se apenas a orienta&#231;&#227;o e o acompanhamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Pode-se considerar o uso de um monitor de eventos implant&#225;vel em pacientes com RP e s&#237;ncope inexplicada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A preval&#234;ncia da RP &#233; influenciada por fatores como idade, sexo e etnia, sendo observada maior ocorr&#234;ncia entre afro-americanos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Consequentemente, sua frequ&#234;ncia pode variar entre diferentes pa&#237;ses. O estudo de Baldisserotto et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> oferece contribui&#231;&#245;es valiosas sobre o significado progn&#243;stico da RP na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira.</p>
    <p>Este estudo retrospectivo, de coorte e de centro &#250;nico, analisou 478 pacientes com RP, estratificando-os de acordo com o tipo de RP (lateral, inferior e inferolateral). Os desfechos avaliados inclu&#237;ram a ocorr&#234;ncia de AV sustentada e a mortalidade por todas as causas durante um per&#237;odo de seguimento de 10 anos. A probabilidade de sobreviv&#234;ncia e as fun&#231;&#245;es de risco cumulativo foram avaliadas por meio da an&#225;lise de Kaplan-Meier, e modelos de regress&#227;o de Cox foram utilizados para ajuste de fatores de confus&#227;o, como idade e sexo.</p>
    <p>A popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo era predominantemente composta por homens (74%), com idade m&#233;dia de 45,6 anos. Entre os participantes, 2,7% (13 pacientes) apresentaram AV e 2,3% (11 pacientes) morreram por todas as causas. Foram observadas diferen&#231;as significativas em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; idade, sexo e preval&#234;ncia de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida entre os subgrupos de RP. No entanto, a an&#225;lise de Kaplan-Meier n&#227;o revelou diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas nas taxas de sobreviv&#234;ncia ou de AV entre os tipos de RP (p=0,7 e p=0,5, respectivamente). Por outro lado, as estimativas de risco cumulativo variaram, com o grupo com RP inferolateral apresentando o maior risco de mortalidade.</p>
    <p>Modelos de regress&#227;o de Cox ajustados n&#227;o indicaram raz&#245;es de risco significativas para AV ou mortalidade entre os diferentes tipos de RP, sendo a idade o &#250;nico preditor significativo para ambos os desfechos. O estudo concluiu que a RP n&#227;o impacta o risco de AV nem a mortalidade geral nessa coorte.</p>
    <p>Embora o estudo forne&#231;a informa&#231;&#245;es epidemiol&#243;gicas valiosas, seu delineamento retrospectivo introduz potenciais vieses. Apenas um ECG foi analisado, o que impediu a avalia&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;as temporais no padr&#227;o de RP. O n&#250;mero relativamente pequeno de desfechos (AV e mortalidade) limita o poder estat&#237;stico para detectar diferen&#231;as entre os tipos de RP. Ainda assim, os achados s&#227;o consistentes com relatos anteriores,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> sugerindo que o papel da RP como preditor de morte cardiovascular permanece incerto ap&#243;s o ajuste para fatores de confus&#227;o como idade, sexo e cardiopatia.</p>
    <p>Em resumo, para a maioria dos indiv&#237;duos, a RP &#233; um achado benigno que n&#227;o requer interven&#231;&#227;o al&#233;m da orienta&#231;&#227;o e do acompanhamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Pacientes com RP que apresentem s&#237;ncope inexplicada, hist&#243;rico familiar forte de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca ou caracter&#237;sticas eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas de alto risco necessitam de avalia&#231;&#227;o cuidadosa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> S&#227;o necess&#225;rias mais pesquisas para aprimorar a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco em indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos que possam apresentar maior risco arr&#237;tmico.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Mortalidade e Arritmia Ventricular em Pacientes com Repolariza&#231;&#227;o Precoce</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250275i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Does Early Repolarization Affect the Risk of Death and Ventricular Arrhythmias?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0854-7564</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fenelon</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Guilherme Fenelon &#8226;</bold> Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Centro de Arritmia &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627 Pavilh&#227;o Vicky e Joseph Safra, Sala 416. Postal Code <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>guilhermefenelon@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiac Arrhythmias</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Sudden Death</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Early repolarization (ER) pattern, defined as J-point elevation of &#8805;1 mm in &#8805;2 contiguous inferior and/or lateral electrocardiography (ECG) leads, is a common finding, with a prevalence of approximately 6% in the adult population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> ER has long been considered a benign phenomenon, as most affected individuals &#8212; typically young males and athletes &#8212; have a very low incidence of sudden cardiac death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, a pivotal study by Ha&#239;ssaguerre et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> demonstrated a significantly higher occurrence of ER (31%) in patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF) compared to controls (5%). Subsequent studies confirmed an association between ER and malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in patients without structural heart disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Additionally, ER has been linked to adverse outcomes in patients with primary electrical disorders such as long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Unlike these disorders, which are diagnosed based on specific ECG abnormalities, ER syndrome is identified in patients resuscitated from polymorphic ventricular tachycardia or VF who exhibit ER patterns.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Most individuals with ER are asymptomatic, making the identification of markers for risk stratification crucial. Proposed high-risk features include J-waves &#8805;2 mm, dynamic changes in J-point elevation (&gt;0.1 mV), and J-waves associated with a horizontal or descending ST segment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> However, the predictive value of these markers remains uncertain, and transient ER &#8212; present on baseline ECG but absent on subsequent recordings &#8212; appears to be benign.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The mechanisms of ER are poorly understood. Animal studies suggest that an increased transient outward potassium current (I<sub>to</sub>) during phase 2 of the action potential plays a central role by promoting premature myocardial repolarization and variable loss of the action potential dome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> This phenomenon is more prominent in the epicardium, leading to repolarization heterogeneity, which subsequently promotes phase 2 reentry. ER appears to exhibit some degree of heritability, being overrepresented in families of unexplained cardiac arrest survivors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Nevertheless, current genetic testing for ER provides limited diagnostic value.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Patients diagnosed with ER syndrome &#8212; those resuscitated from VF &#8212; require an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Recurrent VA episodes occur in approximately 40% of cases, sometimes presenting as electrical storms that necessitate multiple ICD discharges. Isoproterenol infusion is effective for acute management, while quinidine (an I<sub>to</sub> blocker) may reduce recurrences.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> In selected cases, catheter ablation targeting VF triggers at the right ventricular outflow tract or the Purkinje system may be attempted.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Managing patients with ER patterns is challenging, as reliable risk markers for malignant VA are lacking and the overall prognosis in this population is very favorable. In asymptomatic individuals, reassurance alone is recommended.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> An implantable loop recorder may be considered in patients with ER and unexplained syncope.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The prevalence of ER is influenced by factors such as age, sex, and ethnicity, with a higher occurrence observed in African Americans.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Consequently, its frequency may vary across different countries. The study by Baldisserotto et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> provides valuable insights into the prognostic significance of ER in the Brazilian population.</p>
      <p>This retrospective, single-center cohort study analyzed 478 patients with ER, stratifying them by ER type (lateral, inferior, and inferolateral). Outcomes included sustained VA and all-cause mortality over a 10-year follow-up period. Survival probability and cumulative risk functions were assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and Cox regression models were used to adjust for confounders such as age and sex.</p>
      <p>The study population was predominantly male (74%), with a mean age of 45.6 years. Among the cohort, 2.7% (13 patients) experienced VA, and 2.3% (11 patients) died from all causes. Significant differences in age, sex, and the prevalence of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction were observed among ER subgroups. Nevertheless, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no statistically significant differences in survival or VA rates across ER types (p=0.7 and p=0.5, respectively). However, cumulative risk estimates varied, with the inferolateral ER group demonstrating the highest mortality risk.</p>
      <p>Adjusted Cox regression models indicated no significant hazard ratios for VA or mortality across ER types, with age emerging as the only significant predictor for both outcomes. The study concluded that ER does not impact the risk of VA or overall mortality in this cohort.</p>
      <p>While the study provides valuable epidemiological insights, its retrospective design introduces potential biases. Only a single ECG was analyzed, preventing assessment of temporal changes in the ER pattern. The relatively small number of outcomes (VA and mortality) limits the statistical power to detect differences among ER types. Nevertheless, the findings are consistent with previous reports,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> suggesting that the role of ER as a predictor of cardiovascular death remains uncertain after adjusting for confounding factors such as age, sex, and heart disease.</p>
      <p>In summary, for most individuals, ER is a benign finding that does not require intervention beyond reassurance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Patients with ER who present with unexplained syncope, a strong family history of sudden cardiac death, or high-risk ECG features require careful evaluation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Further research is needed to improve risk stratification in asymptomatic individuals who may be at increased arrhythmic risk.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Mortality and Ventricular Arrhythmia in Patients with Early Ventricular Repolarization</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
