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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">H9TJYXgYLyXdcdvCshvNm7t</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000400201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250171</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20250171</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>&#205;ndices Nutricionais e Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial P&#243;s-Operat&#243;ria: &#205;ndice Triglicer&#237;deos-Colesterol-Peso Corporal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1053-1417</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tanriverdi</surname>
            <given-names>Zulkif</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Harran University</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Medicine</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Sanliurfa</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Zulkif Tanriverdi</bold> &#8226; Harran University, Cardiology department Sanliurfa <postal-code>63200</postal-code> - Turquia E-mail: <email>ztverdi@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250171</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Avalia&#231;&#227;o Nutricional</kwd>
        <kwd>Triglicer&#237;deos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="17"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria (FAPO) &#233; uma das complica&#231;&#245;es mais comuns ap&#243;s cirurgia card&#237;aca e a causa mais comum de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) secund&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Embora ocorra em taxas diferentes dependendo do tipo de opera&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, foi relatado que ocorre em aproximadamente 20% dos pacientes ap&#243;s cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio (CRM).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Apesar dos avan&#231;os tecnol&#243;gicos e de todas as estrat&#233;gias preventivas desenvolvidas, ainda &#233; relativamente comum.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A FAPO aumenta a dura&#231;&#227;o e o custo da hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e est&#225; associada ao aumento da morbidade e mortalidade. Tamb&#233;m pode ser um preditor do desenvolvimento de FA n&#227;o cir&#250;rgica nos anos ap&#243;s a cirurgia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Portanto, &#233; importante antecipar os pacientes que podem desenvolver FAPO ap&#243;s a cirurgia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>At&#233; o momento, muitos biomarcadores s&#233;ricos foram investigados para identificar pacientes em risco de FAPO.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Recentemente, foi demonstrado que a desnutri&#231;&#227;o &#233; prevalente em pacientes hospitalizados, e se descobriu que a desnutri&#231;&#227;o est&#225; associada a uma maior incid&#234;ncia de FA e resultados card&#237;acos adversos devido &#224; desacelera&#231;&#227;o do processo de recupera&#231;&#227;o e ao aumento do risco de complica&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Muitas ferramentas diferentes de triagem nutricional, das mais simples &#224;s bastante complexas, est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis para avaliar a desnutri&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica di&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Alguns novos &#237;ndices nutricionais foram desenvolvidos por par&#226;metros objetivamente mensur&#225;veis, como triglicer&#237;deos, colesterol total, peso corporal, albumina, linf&#243;citos e vari&#225;veis laboratoriais adicionais para identificar o estado nutricional. Embora v&#225;rios sistemas e pontua&#231;&#245;es tenham sido avaliados em estudos cl&#237;nicos, 4 &#237;ndices nutricionais objetivos t&#234;m sido comumente propostos para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da desnutri&#231;&#227;o, como segue: &#237;ndice de risco nutricional geri&#225;trico (GNRI), &#237;ndice de nutri&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica (PNI), &#237;ndice de triglicer&#237;deos-colesterol-peso corporal (ITCC) e o escore de controle do estado nutricional (CONUT).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O ITCC &#233; o &#237;ndice nutricional mais recentemente desenvolvido entre esses &#237;ndices. Foi introduzido pela primeira vez por Doi et al. em 2018.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> &#201; um par&#226;metro f&#225;cil de usar, simples, r&#225;pido, mensur&#225;vel e barato para avaliar a desnutri&#231;&#227;o na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Estudos examinaram a signific&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica do ITCC e mostraram que ele n&#227;o &#233; apenas um &#237;ndice que mostra a nutri&#231;&#227;o, mas tamb&#233;m pode prever o progn&#243;stico em diferentes doen&#231;as.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, em um estudo recente, Doi et al. descobriram que o ITCC tamb&#233;m poderia ser usado como um marcador progn&#243;stico valioso em pacientes submetidos &#224; implanta&#231;&#227;o de v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica transcateter.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> No entanto, s&#227;o limitados os dados dispon&#237;veis sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o entre o ITCC e a FAPO em pacientes submetidos &#224; cirurgia de CRM.</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Koyuncu et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> focaram no impacto do estado nutricional nos resultados cir&#250;rgicos e investigaram o papel do ITCC como preditor de FAPO. Os autores examinaram 321 pacientes submetidos a CRM por um longo per&#237;odo de 14 anos e relataram que a FAPO foi desenvolvida em 62 (19,3%) pacientes ap&#243;s CRM, o que foi consistente com a literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, foi descoberto que a idade, a frequ&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o, prote&#237;na C-reativa (PCR), leuc&#243;citos e ITCC foram significativamente maiores em pacientes que desenvolveram FAPO. Na an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada, maior idade e menor ITCC foram detectados como preditores independentes de FAPO. O poss&#237;vel mecanismo subjacente foi descrito como o mau estado nutricional que pode exacerbar o processo inflamat&#243;rio que desempenha um papel importante no desenvolvimento de FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Existem estudos limitados sobre o efeito da nutri&#231;&#227;o avaliada por par&#226;metros objetivamente mensur&#225;veis no desenvolvimento de FAPO ap&#243;s cirurgia card&#237;aca. Nesses estudos, se descobriu que valores mais baixos de PNI e GNRI estavam significativamente associados &#224; maior incid&#234;ncia de FAPO em pacientes submetidos &#224; cirurgia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, um escore mais baixo de GNRI foi associado ao aumento de recorr&#234;ncias de arritmia em pacientes submetidos &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter para FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Os resultados desses estudos demonstraram que a desnutri&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria est&#225; intimamente relacionada ao desenvolvimento de FA ap&#243;s opera&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas. No entanto, nenhum estudo anterior investigou o ITCC para a predi&#231;&#227;o de FAPO em pacientes submetidos &#224; CRM. O estudo de Koyuncu et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> parece ser o primeiro estudo sobre a rela&#231;&#227;o entre ITCC e o desenvolvimento de FAPO e, portanto, fornece uma contribui&#231;&#227;o significativa para a literatura.</p>
    <p>Consequentemente, a desnutri&#231;&#227;o &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica importante que pode ser facilmente negligenciada quando n&#227;o avaliada por par&#226;metros objetivos e mensur&#225;veis, mas deve ser mantida em mente em pacientes hospitalizados, especialmente aqueles submetidos a cirurgia card&#237;aca. Dada a preval&#234;ncia da desnutri&#231;&#227;o e seu impacto na dura&#231;&#227;o da interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, custos e resultados adversos, a detec&#231;&#227;o e o tratamento precoces melhorar&#227;o o progn&#243;stico. Em pacientes com pontua&#231;&#245;es baixas e submetidos a cirurgia card&#237;aca, se deve considerar um suporte nutricional mais intensivo e o uso de terapias preventivas no per&#237;odo pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio, e esses pacientes devem ser acompanhados mais de perto para o desenvolvimento de FAPO.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Par&#226;metro que Prev&#234; Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial P&#243;s-Operat&#243;ria em Pacientes com Cirurgia de Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica: &#205;ndice de Triglicer&#237;deos-Colesterol-Peso Corporal</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="s1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250171i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Nutritional Indices and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: The Triglyceride-Cholesterol-Body Weight Index</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1053-1417</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Tanriverdi</surname>
            <given-names>Zulkif</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculty of Medicine</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Harran University</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Sanliurfa</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">T&#252;rkiye</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa &#8211; T&#252;rkiye</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Zulkif Tanriverdi</bold> Harran University, Cardiology department Sanliurfa <postal-code>63200</postal-code> - T&#252;rkiye E-mail: <email>ztverdi@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Nutrition Assessment</kwd>
        <kwd>Triglycerides</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is one of the most common complications after cardiac surgery and the most common cause of secondary atrial fibrillation (AF).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Although it occurs at different rates depending on the type of cardiac operation, it has been reported to occur in approximately 20% of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Despite technological advances and all the preventive strategies developed, it is still relatively common.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> POAF increases the length and cost of hospitalization and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It may also be a predictor of non-surgical AF development in the years after the cardiac surgery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Therefore, it is important to anticipate patients who may develop POAF after the cardiac surgery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>To date, many serum biomarkers have been investigated to identify patients at risk for POAF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Recently, it has been demonstrated that malnutrition is prevalent in hospitalized patients, and malnutrition has been found to be associated with a higher incidence of AF and adverse cardiac outcomes due to slowing down the recovery process and increasing the risk of complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Many different nutritional screening tools, from very simple to quite complex, are available to assess malnutrition in daily clinical practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Some novel nutritional indices have been developed by objectively measurable parameters such as triglyceride, total cholesterol, body weight, albumin, lymphocyte, and additional laboratory variables to identify nutritional status. Although various systems and scores have been assessed in clinical studies, 4 objective nutritional indices have commonly been proposed for the evaluation of malnutrition as follows: geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), prognostic nutrition index (PNI), triglyceride-cholesterol-body weight Index (TCBI) and controlling nutritional status score.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>TCBI is the most recently developed nutritional index among these indexes. It was first introduced by Doi et al. in 2018.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> It is an easy-to-use, simple, rapid, measurable, and cheap parameter to assess malnutrition in clinical practice. Studies have examined the clinical significance of the TCBI index and shown that it is not only an index that shows nutrition but also can predict prognosis in different diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Moreover, in a recent study, Doi and colleagues found that TCBI could also be used as a valuable prognostic marker in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> However, limited data are available regarding the relationship between the TCBI and POAF in patients undergoing CABG surgery.</p>
      <p>In this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Koyuncu et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> focused on the impact of nutritional status on surgical outcomes and investigated the role of the TCBI as a predictor of POAF. The authors examined 321 patients who underwent CABG over a long period of 14 years and reported that POAF was developed in 62 (19.3%) patients after CABG, which was consistent with the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In addition, it was found that age, the frequency of hypertension, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, and TCBI were significantly higher in patients who developed POAF. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, higher age and lower TCBI were detected as independent predictors of POAF. The possible underlying mechanism has been described as poor nutritional status may exacerbate the inflammatory process that plays an important role in the development of AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>There are limited studies regarding the effect of nutrition evaluated by objectively measurable parameters on the development of POAF after cardiac surgery. In these studies, it was found that lower PNI and GNRI values were significantly associated with the higher incidence of POAF in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> In addition, a lower GNRI score was found to be associated with increased arrhythmia recurrences in patients who underwent catheter ablation for AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Results of these studies have demonstrated that preoperative malnutrition is closely related to the development of AF after cardiac operations. However, no previous study investigated the TCBI for the POAF prediction in patients undergoing CABG. The study of Koyuncu et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> appears to be the first study regarding the relationship between TCBI and the development of POAF and, therefore, provides a significant contribution to the literature.</p>
      <p>Consequently, malnutrition is an important clinical condition that can be easily overlooked when not assessed by objective, measurable parameters but should be kept in mind in hospitalized patients, especially those undergoing cardiac surgery. Given the prevalence of malnutrition and its impact on length of hospital stay, costs, and adverse outcomes, early detection and treatment will improve prognosis. In patients with low scores and undergoing cardiac surgery, more intensive nutritional support and the use of preventive therapies in the preoperative period should be considered, and these patients should be followed more closely for the development of POAF.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Parameter Predicting Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Patients: TriglycerideCholesterol-Body Weight Index</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
