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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">LcbVL9Pyn8hx7yFRKqNYvky</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000400303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240568</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tratamento com Patisirana na Subpopula&#231;&#227;o Brasileira do Estudo de Fase 3 APOLLO-B em Amiloidose por Transtirretina com Cardiomiopatia: An&#225;lise Post Hoc</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Tinoco</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schwartzmann</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Edileide Barros</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sim&#245;es</surname>
            <given-names>Marcus V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Biolo</surname>
            <given-names>Andreia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Duque</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel Rodriguez</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jay</surname>
            <given-names>Patrick Y.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9323-8805</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fernandes</surname>
            <given-names>F&#225;bio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Unimed Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unimed Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1"> Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Cambridge</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Massachusetts</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts &#8211; EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia</label>: Claudio Tinoco Mesquita &#8226; Hospital Universit&#225;rio Ant&#244;nio Pedro &#8211; Servi&#231;o de Radiologia &#8211; Setor de Medicina Nuclear &#8211; Av. Marqu&#234;s do Paran&#225;, 303, 2&#186; andar. CEP 24033-900, Centro, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>claudiotinocomesquita@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p> Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>C.T.M. relata pagamento por palestras da Pfizer e Servier; e pagamento por participa&#231;&#227;o em reuni&#245;es e/ou viagens da Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer e Servier.</p>
          <p>P.S. relata financiamento de pesquisa da Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; pagamento por palestras da AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly, NovoNordisk e Pfizer; pagamento por participa&#231;&#227;o em reuni&#245;es e/ou viagens da AstraZeneca, Lilly e NovoNordisk; e participou de monitoramento de seguran&#231;a de dados ou conselhos consultivos para Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Novartis e Pfizer.</p>
          <p>E.B.C. relata subs&#237;dios ou contratos da Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme e Takeda Pharmaceuticals; e participou de monitoramento de seguran&#231;a de dados ou conselhos consultivos para Alnylam Pharmaceuticals e Pfizer.</p>
          <p>M.V.S. relata financiamento de pesquisa da Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca e Ionis Pharmaceuticals; pagamento por palestras da Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca e Pfizer; associa&#231;&#227;o ao conselho consultivo da</p>
          <p>Alnylam Pharmaceuticals e Pfizer; e pagamento por participa&#231;&#227;o em reuni&#245;es e/ou viagens da AstraZeneca.</p>
          <p>D.R.D. &#233; um funcion&#225;rio externo da Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.</p>
          <p>P.Y.J. &#233; um funcion&#225;rio da Alnylam Pharmaceuticals e relata propriedade de capital na Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.</p>
          <p>F.F. relata pagamento por palestras da Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.</p>
          <p>A.B. relata n&#227;o haver conflitos de interesse.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240568</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>Este &#233; um artigo de acesso aberto distribu&#237;do sob os termos da licen&#231;a de atribui&#231;&#227;o pelo Creative Commons</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> A patisirana reduziu rapidamente a transtirretina e preservou a capacidade funcional em pacientes com amiloidose por transtirretina com cardiomiopatia (ATTR-CM) no estudo Fase 3 APOLLO-B (NCT03997383).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Avaliar a efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a da patisirana (an&#225;lise post hoc) na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira do APOLLO-B.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Pacientes foram randomizados 1:1 para patisirana 0,3 mg/kg ou placebo uma vez a cada 3 semanas por 12 meses. O desfecho prim&#225;rio foi a altera&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o ao per&#237;odo basal (ARPB) na capacidade funcional (teste de caminhada de 6 minutos [6MWT]) no m&#234;s 12. Desfechos secund&#225;rios inclu&#237;ram ARPB no m&#234;s 12 do escore <italic>Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary (KCCQ-OS)</italic>. Desfechos explorat&#243;rios inclu&#237;ram ARPB em biomarcadores card&#237;acos e na escala de Perugini durante cintilografia com 99m-Tecn&#233;cio pirofosfato.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Quarenta e dois pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos no Brasil (patisirana, n=20; placebo, n=22). Patisirana demonstrou benef&#237;cio no 6MWT e nos escores KCCQ-OS vs. placebo; ARPB (intervalo de confian&#231;a [IC] de 95%) no 6MWT (mediana) e escores KCCQ-OS (m&#233;dia dos m&#237;nimos quadrados) foram -2,0 m (-58,5; 42,9) e 9,37 (1,93; 16,81) pontos com patisirana vs. -30,1 m (-72,2; 3,5) e 2,62 (-4,68; 9,92) pontos para o placebo. Para biomarcadores card&#237;acos, a altera&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia da raz&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o ao per&#237;odo basal (IC 95%) para pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B pr&#243;-hormonal N-terminal e troponina I foi de 1,31 (1,06; 1,61) e 1,12 (0,94; 1,34) para patisirana e 1,71 (1,39; 2,10) e 1,28 (1,08; 1,53) para placebo, respectivamente. A escala de Perugini melhorou em 11/18 (61,1%) pacientes e 0/10 pacientes com patisirana e placebo, respectivamente. N&#227;o houve mortes no grupo patisirana vs. 3 mortes no grupo placebo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> A efic&#225;cia e a seguran&#231;a da patisirana em pacientes brasileiros com ATTR-CM foram consistentes com as da popula&#231;&#227;o global do APOLLO-B. Os achados s&#227;o descritivos devido ao pequeno n&#250;mero de pacientes.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura Central</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: Tratamento com Patisirana na Subpopula&#231;&#227;o Brasileira do Estudo de Fase 3 APOLLO-B em Amiloidose por Transtirretina com Cardiomiopatia: An&#225;lise Post Hoc</title>
              <p>
                <italic>6MWT: teste de caminhada de 6 minutos; ATTR-CM: amiloidose por transtirretina com cardiomiopatia; EAs: eventos adversos; EPM: erro padr&#227;o da media; H&#8211;L: Hodges&#8211;Lehmann; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; IV: intravenosa; KCCQ-OS: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary; LS: m&#237;nimos quadrados; NT-proBNP: por&#231;&#227;o N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B; Q3W: uma vez a cada 3 semanas.</italic>
              </p>
            </caption>
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          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Amiloidose</kwd>
        <kwd>Transtirretina</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>RNA Interferente Pequeno</kwd>
        <kwd>Ensaio Cl&#237;nico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="10"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="26"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A amiloidose mediada por transtirretina (ATTR) &#233; uma doen&#231;a rara, rapidamente progressiva, debilitante e potencialmente fatal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A transtirretina (TTR) mal enovelada forma fibrilas amiloides t&#243;xicas que se depositam em v&#225;rios &#243;rg&#227;os e sistemas, incluindo cora&#231;&#227;o, nervos, trato gastrointestinal e sistema musculoesquel&#233;tico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A ATTR pode ser heredit&#225;ria (hATTR, tamb&#233;m conhecida como ATTRv), onde os pacientes herdam variantes no <italic>TTR</italic> que desestabilizam a prote&#237;na TTR, causando sua dissocia&#231;&#227;o e m&#225; conforma&#231;&#227;o, ou do tipo selvagem (wtATTR), onde a TTR do tipo selvagem mal enovelada se acumula como dep&#243;sitos amiloides em adultos mais velhos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Clinicamente, a hATTR se apresenta como polineuropatia, cardiomiopatia ou comumente ambas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Por outro lado, a wtATTR manifesta-se principalmente como cardiomiopatia, mas a polineuropatia tamb&#233;m pode estar presente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Dados do registro internacional <italic>Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey</italic> (THAOS) mostram que a maioria dos pacientes sintom&#225;ticos com ATTR no Brasil apresenta manifesta&#231;&#245;es neurol&#243;gicas e do sistema gastrointestinal, e aproximadamente 30% t&#234;m envolvimento card&#237;aco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Cerca de 25% dos pacientes brasileiros com ATTR sintom&#225;tica no registro THAOS foram diagnosticados erroneamente, e mais de um ter&#231;o sofreu atraso no diagn&#243;stico superior a um ano, o que pode ter resultado em atraso no in&#237;cio do tratamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Sem interven&#231;&#227;o, o ac&#250;mulo cont&#237;nuo de amiloide no cora&#231;&#227;o promove a progress&#227;o da cardiomiopatia e agrava as manifesta&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas associadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Consequentemente, a ATTR com cardiomiopatia (ATTR-CM) apresenta um curso grave e progressivo, colocando os indiv&#237;duos afetados em alto risco de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular e morte.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A sobrevida mediana ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico em pacientes n&#227;o tratados &#233; limitada: 2,5 anos para a hATTR com a muta&#231;&#227;o <italic>TTR</italic> Val122Ile (ou pV142I) e 3,6 anos para a wtATTR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> As diretrizes de consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia destacam a import&#226;ncia do diagn&#243;stico e tratamento precoces da ATTR-CM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> No entanto, as op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas dispon&#237;veis para essa condi&#231;&#227;o ainda s&#227;o limitadas.</p>
      <p>A patisirana, uma terapia de RNA de interfer&#234;ncia (RNAi) formulada em uma nanopart&#237;cula lip&#237;dica, tem como alvo o mRNA hep&#225;tico da TTR e reduz rapidamente os n&#237;veis circulantes das prote&#237;nas TTR do tipo selvagem e variante.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Essa terapia foi aprovada para o tratamento de hATTR com polineuropatia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> A patisirana n&#227;o &#233; aprovada para o tratamento de ATTR-CM nos EUA, mas foi aprovada recentemente no Brasil pela <italic>Ag&#234;ncia Nacional de Vigil&#226;ncia Sanit&#225;ria</italic> (ANVISA), e a <italic>Agence nationale de s&#233;curit&#233; du m&#233;dicament et des produits de sant&#233;</italic> (ANSM) concedeu aprova&#231;&#227;o para o uso compassivo de patisirana na Fran&#231;a para pacientes com ATTR-CM com falha ao tratamento com tafamidis 61 mg. No estudo de Fase 3 APOLLO-B (NCT03997383), a patisirana preservou a capacidade funcional, o estado de sa&#250;de e a qualidade de vida durante 12 meses em compara&#231;&#227;o ao placebo em pacientes com ATTR-CM (hATTR e wtATTR).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> An&#225;lises explorat&#243;rias tamb&#233;m mostraram melhora nos biomarcadores card&#237;acos e na estrutura e fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda (VE) em compara&#231;&#227;o com o placebo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Esta an&#225;lise post hoc avaliou a efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a da patisirana na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira do APOLLO-B. Tamb&#233;m avaliamos a cintilografia com o marcador &#243;sseo de 99m-Tecn&#233;cio, uma t&#233;cnica diagn&#243;stica n&#227;o invasiva para ATTR-CM, para entender melhor o impacto da terapia na capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca deste marcador.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Desenho do estudo</title>
        <p>O APOLLO-B &#233; um estudo internacional, de Fase 3, randomizado e multic&#234;ntrico, que avalia a patisirana em pacientes com ATTR-CM (hATTR e wtATTR), compreendendo um per&#237;odo de 12 meses, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo, e um per&#237;odo aberto de extens&#227;o em andamento (OLE; NCT02510261). O estudo est&#225; sendo conduzido em 21 pa&#237;ses da Am&#233;rica do Norte, Am&#233;rica Latina, Europa e &#193;sia-Pac&#237;fico. Detalhes completos do desenho do estudo foram publicados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Resumidamente, os pacientes foram randomizados na propor&#231;&#227;o de 1:1 para receber patisirana (0,3 mg/kg at&#233; um m&#225;ximo de 30 mg) ou placebo por via intravenosa (IV) uma vez a cada 3 semanas (Q3W) por 12 meses. Todos os pacientes em ambos os bra&#231;os de tratamento receberam pr&#233;-medica&#231;&#227;o padr&#227;o 60 minutos antes da infus&#227;o para reduzir o potencial de uma rea&#231;&#227;o relacionada &#224; infus&#227;o com a patisirana. Os pacientes que completaram o per&#237;odo duplo-cego de 12 meses foram eleg&#237;veis para receber patisirana 0,3 mg/kg IV Q3W no per&#237;odo OLE de 36 meses em andamento.</p>
        <p>O protocolo do estudo e seus aditivos foram revisados e aprovados pelo Comit&#234; de Revis&#227;o Institucional ou Comit&#234; de &#201;tica Independente em cada centro. O estudo foi conduzido de acordo com todos os requisitos regulat&#243;rios aplic&#225;veis, as diretrizes atuais de Boas Pr&#225;ticas Cl&#237;nicas e os princ&#237;pios origin&#225;rios da Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque. Todos os pacientes forneceram consentimento informado por escrito antes da participa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Pacientes</title>
        <p>Os crit&#233;rios completos de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o foram publicados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Os pacientes tinham entre 18 e 85 anos; com diagn&#243;stico de ATTR-CM (hATTR ou wtATTR), definido como deposi&#231;&#227;o de amiloide TTR em bi&#243;psia de tecido ou preenchendo crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos validados sem bi&#243;psia (ou seja, capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca de Grau 2 ou 3 na cintilografia com tecn&#233;cio em pacientes que n&#227;o t&#234;m gamopatia monoclonal);<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> evid&#234;ncia de envolvimento card&#237;aco por ecocardiografia, com espessura da parede septal interventricular em di&#225;stole final &gt;12 mm; e hist&#243;rico m&#233;dico de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Os pacientes n&#227;o receberam tratamento pr&#233;vio com tafamidis ou foram permitidos ter recebido tafamidis por &#8805;6 meses no per&#237;odo basal conforme a bula local e dose aprovada, com progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a conforme determinada pelo investigador.</p>
        <p>Os pacientes foram exclu&#237;dos se classificados como Classe III da <italic>New York Heart Association</italic> (NYHA) e est&#225;gio 3 de ATTR (definido como por&#231;&#227;o N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo BNP [NT-proBNP] &gt;3000 ng/L, concomitantemente com uma taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular estimada &lt;45 mL/min/1,73 m<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Classe IV da NYHA; dist&#226;ncia no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (6MWT) &lt;150 m; escore de incapacidade por polineuropatia (PND) &gt;2; e outras cardiomiopatias n&#227;o relacionadas &#224; TTR.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos</title>
        <p>O desfecho prim&#225;rio foi a altera&#231;&#227;o em rela&#231;&#227;o ao per&#237;odo basal na capacidade funcional medida pelo 6MWT no M&#234;s 12 para patisirana vs. placebo. Os desfechos secund&#225;rios pr&#233;-especificados avaliados na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira inclu&#237;ram: altera&#231;&#227;o do per&#237;odo basal at&#233; o M&#234;s 12 no escore geral do <italic>Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary (KCCQ-OS</italic>) e nos escores dos dom&#237;nios;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> desfecho composto de mortalidade por todas as causas, frequ&#234;ncia de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por todas as causas e consultas urgentes por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca ao longo de 12 meses. Os desfechos explorat&#243;rios inclu&#237;ram a mudan&#231;a nos biomarcadores card&#237;acos (NT-proBNP e troponina I) nos Meses 3, 6, 9 e 12, e a escala de Perugini avaliada pela capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca durante a cintilografia com 99m-Tecn&#233;cio com marcadores &#243;sseos. A cintilografia com 99m-Tecn&#233;cio pirofosfato foi realizada em um subgrupo planejado de pacientes. Os efeitos farmacodin&#226;micos foram avaliados pelas mudan&#231;as nos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de TTR do valor basal at&#233; o M&#234;s 12. Os desfechos de seguran&#231;a, incluindo eventos adversos (classificados de acordo com o Sistema de Classe de &#211;rg&#227;os e Termo Preferido da vers&#227;o 23.0 do Dicion&#225;rio M&#233;dico para Assuntos Regulat&#243;rios), par&#226;metros laboratoriais cl&#237;nicos e sinais vitais foram monitorados ao longo do estudo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas</title>
        <p>Para o desfecho prim&#225;rio, o tamanho mediano do efeito do tratamento com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% foi estimado utilizando o estimador de Hodges&#8211;Lehmann; dados ausentes foram imputados conforme descrito anteriormente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> A mediana foi usada devido &#224; n&#227;o normalidade do desfecho de 6MWT. As altera&#231;&#245;es a partir do valor basal no M&#234;s 12 no KCCQ-OS e nos escores dos componentes foram avaliadas usando um modelo de efeitos mistos para medidas repetidas (MEMMR) ajustado para o KCCQ-OS basal como covari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua e termos de efeito fixo (bra&#231;o de tratamento, visita, tafamidis basal, subgrupo [Brasil vs. fora do Brasil], intera&#231;&#227;o tratamento-por-visita, intera&#231;&#227;o tratamento-por-subgrupo, intera&#231;&#227;o visita-por-subgrupo e intera&#231;&#227;o tratamento-por-visita-por-subgrupo). A mudan&#231;a do valor basal nos biomarcadores card&#237;acos (NT-proBNP e troponina I) foi avaliada com um modelo MEMMR, com valores basais transformados para logaritmo como covari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua e os mesmos termos de efeito fixo da an&#225;lise do KCCQ-OS. Permitindo o tamanho da amostra, as an&#225;lises seguiram os modelos pr&#233;-especificados para an&#225;lise de subgrupos. Os modelos MEMMR foram ajustados usando todos os participantes do estudo, n&#227;o apenas os participantes brasileiros, e foram as intera&#231;&#245;es de subgrupos dentro dos modelos que permitiram a estimativa de efeitos espec&#237;ficos para a subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira.</p>
        <p>Um subgrupo de pacientes no APOLLO-B participou de um estudo planejado de imagem por tomografia computadorizada por emiss&#227;o de f&#243;ton &#250;nico com tecn&#233;cio usando marcadores &#225;vidos por osso. O grau de Perugini foi avaliado no per&#237;odo basal e no M&#234;s 12 (grau 0 = aus&#234;ncia de capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca; 1 = capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca leve menor que osso; 2 = capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca moderada igual ao osso ou com capta&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea levemente atenuada; 3 = capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca alta maior que osso ou com redu&#231;&#227;o acentuada na capta&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> A mudan&#231;a do valor basal at&#233; o M&#234;s 12 na escala de Perugini foi resumida descritivamente.</p>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e basais, mortes, frequ&#234;ncia de hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por qualquer causa, consultas urgentes por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca na popula&#231;&#227;o geral e dados de seguran&#231;a foram resumidos descritivamente. Eventos devido &#224; COVID-19 foram exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise. As an&#225;lises de efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a foram conduzidas na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira do conjunto completo de an&#225;lise (ou seja, todos os pacientes randomizados que receberam qualquer quantidade do medicamento do estudo) para o per&#237;odo duplo-cego do estudo.</p>
        <p>As an&#225;lises farmacodin&#226;micas foram conduzidas em todos os pacientes que receberam &#8805;1 dose completa do medicamento do estudo e tinham uma linha de base avali&#225;vel e &#8805;1 medi&#231;&#227;o s&#233;rica de TTR p&#243;s-linha de base avali&#225;vel. Os percentuais das altera&#231;&#245;es a partir dos per&#237;odos basais nos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de TTR foram resumidos descritivamente.</p>
        <p>Todas as an&#225;lises descritivas buscaram resumir vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e normais por meio de m&#233;dias e desvios padr&#227;o, vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e n&#227;o normais por meio de medianas e intervalos interquartis, e vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas por meio de frequ&#234;ncias e porcentagens. A normalidade foi avaliada visualmente atrav&#233;s de histogramas; as distribui&#231;&#245;es de dados que apresentavam assimetria ou que continham <italic>outliers</italic> foram consideradas n&#227;o-normais. O SAS vers&#227;o 9.4 foi usado para realizar as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Pacientes</title>
        <p>Um total de 360 pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos no APOLLO-B entre outubro de 2019 e maio de 2021. Destes, 42 pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos em 6 centros no Brasil; dos quais 39 completaram a visita do M&#234;s 12 (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_material-suplementar.pdf">Figura S1 dos Materiais Suplementares</ext-link>). As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas basais para a subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira foram geralmente compar&#225;veis entre os grupos de tratamento, exceto por menores propor&#231;&#245;es num&#233;ricas de homens e pacientes com wtATTR no grupo patisirana em compara&#231;&#227;o com o placebo (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>). A mediana (intervalo) de idade foi de 73 (51&#8211;85) anos na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira. Nenhum paciente estava recebendo tafamidis no per&#237;odo basal, mas todos os pacientes estavam recebendo medicamentos para doen&#231;as card&#237;acas concomitantes (veja a <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_material-suplementar.pdf">Tabela S1 dos Materiais Suplementares</ext-link> para detalhes). Vinte e tr&#234;s (54,8%) pacientes tinham wtATTR e 19 (45,2%) tinham hATTR. Entre aqueles com hATTR, havia 5 variantes de TTR; a mais comum sendo V122I (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>). Um fen&#243;tipo misto com cardiomiopatia e polineuropatia foi relatado em 17 (89,5%) pacientes com hATTR (veja a <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_material-suplementar.pdf">Tabela S1 dos Materiais Suplementares</ext-link> para demografia e caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas basais).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas no per&#237;odo basal</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="33%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Patisirana (n=20)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Placebo (n=22)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Idade (anos), mediana (IIQ)*</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">73 (69&#8211;82)</td>
                  <td align="center">73 (71&#8211;78)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>G&#234;nero masculino, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">14 (70,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (90,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Ra&#231;a, n (%)<sup>&#8224;</sup></bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Branco</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (60,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (72,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Negro/Afro-americano</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (30,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (22,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Asi&#225;tico</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (4,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Outro</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#227;o relatado</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>wtATTR, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">7 (35,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (72,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diagnosticado por bi&#243;psia<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (25,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diagnosticado por cintilografia com tecn&#233;cio<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">7 (100,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (93,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>hATTR, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">13 (65,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (27,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diagnosticado por bi&#243;psia<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">2 (15,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (33,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diagnosticado por cintilografia com tecn&#233;cio<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center">12 (92,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (100,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>hATTR com fen&#243;tipo misto de cardiomiopatia e polineuropatia, n (%)<sup>&#167;</sup></bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">13 (100,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (66,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Variantes TTR, n (%)<sup>&#167;</sup></bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>I68L</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (16,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>T60A</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (23,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (16,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>V122I</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (69,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (50,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>V122L</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (16,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>V30M</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (7,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Tempo desde o diagn&#243;stico de ATTR (anos), mediana (intervalo)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0,6 (0,1&#8211;1,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,3 (0,1&#8211;1,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Uso de tafamidis no per&#237;odo basal, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Est&#225;gio de ATTR, n (%)<sup>&#182;</sup></bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>1</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (65,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (54,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (35,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (36,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (9,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Escore PND, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>0: sem preju&#237;zo</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (30,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (50,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>I: marcha preservada, com dist&#250;rbios sensitivos</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (65,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (50,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>II: comprometida, caminhando sem a necessidade de uma bengala ou muletas</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Classe NYHA, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>I</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (4,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>II</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (100,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (90,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>III</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (4,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dist&#226;ncia no 6MWT (m), mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">360,4 (323,8&#8211;379,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">350,3 (300,0&#8211;434,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>KCCQ-OS (pontos), m&#233;dia (SD)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">59,7 (22,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">63,2 (23,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>N&#237;vel de NT-proBNP (ng/L), mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1832,5 (904,5&#8211;3457,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2155,0 (1030,0&#8211;2911,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>N&#237;vel de Troponina I (ng/L), mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">64,2 (38,6&#8211;122,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">78,0 (27,6&#8211;125,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>eGFR (mL/min/1,73m<sup>2</sup>), mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">61,5 (54,5&#8211;72,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">55,5 (39,0&#8211;72,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Creatinina (&#956;mol/L), mediana (IIQ)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">101,5 (84,0&#8211;124,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">115,0 (80,0&#8211;150,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Hist&#243;rico m&#233;dico, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (35,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (27,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (60,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (50,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Medica&#231;&#245;es concomitantes, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diur&#233;ticos</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (90,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (95,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Antagonista dos receptores de mineralocorticoides</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (65,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (50,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Betabloqueadores</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (25,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (50,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>IECA, BRA, ou IRAN</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (55,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (40,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Inibidores SGLT2</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (15,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (18,2)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>*Idade na triagem; <sup>&#8224;</sup>Autorrelatado; <sup>&#8225;</sup>O diagn&#243;stico de ATTR pode ser confirmado por m&#250;ltiplos m&#233;todos, portanto, a soma das porcentagens pode ser maior que 100; <sup>&#167;</sup>Porcentagem baseada no n&#250;mero de pacientes com hATTR; <sup>&#182;</sup>Est&#225;gio 1 (menor risco) foi definido por n&#237;vel de NT-proBNP &#8804; 3000 pg/mL e eTFG de &#8805;45 mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>. Est&#225;gio 2 (risco intermedi&#225;rio) incluiu todos os pacientes que n&#227;o atendiam aos crit&#233;rios para os est&#225;gios 1 ou 3. Est&#225;gio 3 (maior risco) foi definido por NT-proBNP &#8805;3000 pg/mL e uma eTFG de &lt;45 mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>. 6MWT: teste de caminhada de 6 minutos; IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina; BRA: bloqueador do receptor de angiotensina; IRAN: inibidor do receptor de angiotensina-neprilisina; ATTR: amiloidose por transtirretina; eTFG: taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular estimada; hATTR: amiloidose heredit&#225;ria por transtirretina; IIQ: intervalo interquartil; KCCQ-OS: Question&#225;rio de Cardiomiopatia de Kansas City - Resumo Geral; NT-proBNP: pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B pr&#243;-hormonal N-terminal; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PND: incapacidade por polineuropatia; SD: desvio padr&#227;o; SGLT2: co-transportador de s&#243;dio-glicose 2; TTR: transtirretina; wtATTR: amiloidose por transtirretina do tipo selvagem.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Efic&#225;cia</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfecho prim&#225;rio</title>
        <p>Pacientes tratados com patisirana na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira mostraram uma menor magnitude de decl&#237;nio em rela&#231;&#227;o ao valor basal na dist&#226;ncia do 6MWT no M&#234;s 12 em compara&#231;&#227;o com o placebo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1A</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Altera&#231;&#227;o a partir do per&#237;odo basal ao longo do tempo para (a) 6MWT e (B) KCCQ-OS. 6MWT: Teste de caminhada de 6 minutos; H&#8211;L: Hodges&#8211;Lehmann; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; KCCQ-OS: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary; LS: m&#237;nimos quadrados; EPM: erro padr&#227;o da m&#233;dia.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos secund&#225;rios</title>
        <p>Os escores KCCQ-OS aumentaram a partir do valor basal at&#233; o M&#234;s 12 com patisirana vs. placebo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1B</xref>). As an&#225;lises dos componentes favoreceram patisirana vs. placebo para todos os dom&#237;nios (limita&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica, sintomas totais, qualidade de vida e limita&#231;&#227;o social) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_material-suplementar.pdf">Figura S2 dos Materiais Suplementares</ext-link>). Uma propor&#231;&#227;o similar de pacientes nos grupos patisirana e placebo tiveram &#8805;1 evento composto (mortalidade por todas as causas ou hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por todas as causas ou consulta urgente por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>). N&#227;o houve mortes no grupo patisirana (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Mortes por todas as causas, hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por todas as causas, ou consultas urgentes por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca*</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="33%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Patisirana (n=20) AP=20,9</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Placebo (n=22) AP=21,6</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Paciente com &#8805;1 evento<sup>&#8224;&#8225;</sup>, n (%) [n eventos]</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">6 (30,0) [10]</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (27,3) [11]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Mortes por todas as causas, n (%) [n eventos]</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (13,6) [3]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mortes relacionadas ao aparelho cardiovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (9,1) [2]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mortes n&#227;o relacionadas ao aparelho cardiovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (4,5) [1]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por todas as causas, n (%) [n eventos]</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">5 (25,0) [9]</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (27,3) [8]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao aparelho cardiovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (15,0) [4]</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (18,2) [5]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es n&#227;o relacionadas ao aparelho cardiovascular</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10,0) [5]</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (13,6) [3]</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Consultas urgentes por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, n (%) [n eventos]</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5,0) [1]</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>
                  <italic>*Tempo de acompanhamento calculado usando o &#250;ltimo dia no per&#237;odo duplo-cego de 12 meses para an&#225;lise de efic&#225;cia; <sup>&#8224;</sup>Desfecho composto de morte por todas as causas, hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es por todas as causas ou visitas urgentes por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; <sup>&#8225;</sup>Eventos devido &#224; COVID-19 foram exclu&#237;dos. AP: anos-paciente.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos explorat&#243;rios</title>
        <p>A mediana (intervalo interquartil [IIQ]) da mudan&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao valor basal no NT-proBNP no M&#234;s 12 foi de 320,0 (3,5&#8211;1756,0) ng/L com patisirana e 2024,0 (&#8211;211,0&#8211;3231,7) ng/L com placebo. A raz&#227;o (patisirana:placebo) da m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica ajustada da mudan&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao valor basal foi maior no grupo do placebo do que no grupo da patisirana (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 2A</xref>). Para troponina I, uma mediana (IIQ) da mudan&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao valor basal de 8,5 (-9,10&#8211;23,4) ng/L foi relatada no M&#234;s 12 para o grupo patisirana em compara&#231;&#227;o com 16,5 (0&#8211;61,5) ng/L para placebo. A raz&#227;o (patisirana:placebo) da m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica ajustada da mudan&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao valor basal foi maior no grupo do placebo do que no grupo da patisirana (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 2B</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Altera&#231;&#227;o da m&#233;dia geom&#233;trica ajustada a partir do per&#237;odo basal em (A) NT-proBNP e (B) troponina I. IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a: NT-proBNP: por&#231;&#227;o N-terminal do pr&#243;-pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico tipo B.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf02.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Trinta e cinco pacientes (patisirana, n=18; placebo, n=17) na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira foram inclu&#237;dos no subgrupo de avalia&#231;&#227;o por imagem. Vinte e oito pacientes (patisirana, n=18; placebo, n=10) foram avaliados com a escala de Perugini na linha de base e no M&#234;s 12; 7 pacientes no grupo placebo n&#227;o foram avaliados no M&#234;s 12. Uma melhora na escala de Perugini no M&#234;s 12 foi observada em 11 (61,1%) pacientes no grupo patisirana. Destes 11 pacientes, 3 melhoraram para o grau 1 de Perugini. Nenhum dos pacientes tratados com placebo mostrou melhora na escala de Perugini. Nenhum paciente no grupo patisirana mostrou aumento na escala de Perugini, enquanto 1 paciente (10,0%) no grupo placebo mostrou aumento na escala no M&#234;s 12. Dados relacionados aos pacientes para a mudan&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao valor basal na escala de Perugini para pacientes na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira e aqueles fora do Brasil s&#227;o mostrados na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 3A</xref>, e imagens representativas s&#227;o mostradas na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 3B</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f04">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>- Dados individuais de pacientes do Brasil e fora do Brasil para (A) escala de Perugini no per&#237;odo basal e no M&#234;s 12, e (B) imagens representativas de cintilografia card&#237;aca com tecn&#233;cio-99m Pirofosfato para um paciente individual mostrando uma redu&#231;&#227;o na capta&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica do marcador aos 5 e 24 meses ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento com patisirana (conjunto de an&#225;lise de tecn&#233;cio).</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf03.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Farmacodin&#226;mica</title>
        <p>Foi observada uma r&#225;pida e sustentada redu&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de TTR em pacientes tratados com patisirana (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figura 4</xref>). No m&#234;s 12, o tratamento com patisirana levou a uma redu&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia (erro padr&#227;o da m&#233;dia) percentual nos n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de TTR de 85,3% (4,5).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f05">
            <label>Figura 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Altera&#231;&#227;o percentual a partir do per&#237;odo basal na TTR s&#233;rica. Os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos da TTR foram analisados conforme previamente descrito.13 EPM: erro padr&#227;o da m&#233;dia; TTR: transtirretina.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf04.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Seguran&#231;a</title>
      <p>Uma propor&#231;&#227;o semelhante de pacientes do Brasil nos grupos patisirana e placebo teve eventos adversos durante o per&#237;odo duplo-cego de 12 meses (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>), com a maioria sendo de gravidade leve ou moderada e considerados n&#227;o relacionados ao tratamento do estudo pelos investigadores. O evento adverso mais frequente foi insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>). Nenhum paciente do Brasil teve rea&#231;&#245;es relacionadas &#224; infus&#227;o. Eventos adversos graves est&#227;o apresentados na <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_material-suplementar.pdf">Tabela S3 dos Materiais Suplementares</ext-link>. Nenhum evento adverso resultou em descontinua&#231;&#245;es e ocorreram 3 mortes, todas no grupo placebo.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Vis&#227;o geral dos eventos adversos durante o per&#237;odo de tratamento duplo-cego randomizado de 12 meses</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="33%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Evento, n paciente (%)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">Patisirana (n=20) AP=20,9<sup>*</sup></th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">Placebo (n=22) AP=21,5<sup>*</sup></th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>&#8805;1 EA (todas as causas)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">19 (95,0)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (95,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>EAs relacionados ao tratamento</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (9,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="3">
                  <bold>EAs mais comuns (todas as causas)<sup>&#8224;</sup></bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                <td align="center">5 (25,0)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (31,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Insufici&#234;ncia renal</td>
                <td align="center">3 (15,0)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (9,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Espasmos musculares</td>
                <td align="center">3 (15,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (4,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>COVID-19</td>
                <td align="center">3 (15,0)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (9,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Constipa&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (18,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#225;usea</td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sepse urin&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Desequil&#237;brio do sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo</td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ins&#244;nia</td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (13,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemat&#250;ria</td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">1 (4,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,0)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (13,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>EAGs (todas as causas)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">8 (40,0)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (31,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>EAGs relacionados ao tratamento</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>EAs card&#237;acos (CSO)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">7 (35,0)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (45,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>EAGs</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">3 (15,0)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (18,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">1 (4,5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                <td align="center">2 (10,0)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (18,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Taquiarritmia</td>
                <td align="center">1 (5,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>EAs Severos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">4 (20,0)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (22,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>EAs levando &#224; descontinua&#231;&#227;o do tratamento</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>EAs relacionados ao tratamento levando &#224; descontinua&#231;&#227;o do tratamento</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Mortes</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">3 (13,6)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>
                <italic>Eventos adversos codificados usando a vers&#227;o 23.0 do MedDRA. *Determinado usando o &#250;ltimo dia de administra&#231;&#227;o no per&#237;odo de 12 meses; <sup>&#8224;</sup> &#8805;10% para Termos Preferidos em qualquer bra&#231;o de tratamento. EA: evento adverso; MedDRA: Dicion&#225;rio M&#233;dico para Assuntos Reguladores; AP: anos-paciente; EAG: evento adverso grave; CSO: classe de sistema de &#243;rg&#227;os.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Esta an&#225;lise post hoc avaliou a efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a da patisirana em pacientes com ATTR-CM (hATTR e wtATTR) da subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira do estudo APOLLO-B. Embora os resultados sejam descritivos, pois o estudo n&#227;o foi desenhado para detectar efeitos espec&#237;ficos de tratamento neste subgrupo, eles s&#227;o consistentes com os achados gerais do APOLLO-B. A r&#225;pida e sustentada redu&#231;&#227;o da TTR circulante pela patisirana resultou em potencial melhoria na capacidade funcional, estado de sa&#250;de e qualidade de vida durante o per&#237;odo duplo-cego de 12 meses em compara&#231;&#227;o com o placebo, e foi bem tolerado em pacientes brasileiros com ATTR-CM. Um benef&#237;cio potencial nos biomarcadores card&#237;acos e na capta&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica na cintilografia com tra&#231;adores &#225;vidos por osso (grau de Perugini) tamb&#233;m foi observado.</p>
      <p>Uma diferen&#231;a clinicamente significativa foi evidente com patisirana em termos de preserva&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional, com a magnitude observada de decl&#237;nio na dist&#226;ncia do 6MWT no grupo patisirana sendo semelhante &#224;quela esperada com o envelhecimento saud&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Uma tend&#234;ncia de melhoria no estado de sa&#250;de e qualidade de vida, baseada em uma diferen&#231;a moderada a grande entre os grupos patisirana e placebo na mudan&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao valor basal nos escores KCCQ-OS no M&#234;s 12, tamb&#233;m foi evidente. Patisirana teve um efeito not&#225;vel nos sintomas, com uma diferen&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o ao placebo de aproximadamente 12 pontos no dom&#237;nio de sintomas do escore KCCQ, e um impacto correspondente nos dom&#237;nios de qualidade de vida. Esses efeitos s&#227;o relevantes para pacientes com ATTR na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, que frequentemente relatam sintomas debilitantes que afetam negativamente suas vidas di&#225;rias e bem-estar emocional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Algumas diferen&#231;as foram evidentes nos resultados na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira em compara&#231;&#227;o com a popula&#231;&#227;o geral do estudo. Entre os pacientes tratados com patisirana, os escores KCCQ-OS n&#227;o aumentaram na popula&#231;&#227;o geral do APOLLO-B na mesma extens&#227;o observada na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira. Pacientes tratados com placebo no Brasil parecem mostrar um decl&#237;nio menos r&#225;pido na capacidade funcional do que os pacientes na popula&#231;&#227;o geral do estudo. Al&#233;m disso, o estado de sa&#250;de e a qualidade de vida foram mantidos no grupo placebo da subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, enquanto houve uma diminui&#231;&#227;o (piora) nos escores entre os pacientes tratados com placebo na popula&#231;&#227;o geral do estudo. A raz&#227;o para essas diferen&#231;as &#233; desconhecida, mas pode estar relacionada ao manejo geral da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca ou a um efeito placebo.</p>
      <p>Al&#233;m de seus efeitos na capacidade funcional, estado de sa&#250;de e qualidade de vida, o tratamento com patisirana resultou em menor aumento nos biomarcadores card&#237;acos NT-proBNP e troponina I, em compara&#231;&#227;o com o placebo. NT-proBNP e troponina I s&#227;o usados para avaliar manifesta&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas em pacientes com ATTR-CM, e n&#237;veis elevados est&#227;o associados a um envolvimento card&#237;aco mais grave e piores desfechos card&#237;acos e de mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> A melhora nos n&#237;veis desses biomarcadores card&#237;acos observada em pacientes brasileiros com ATTR-CM no APOLLO-B sugere um benef&#237;cio potencial da patisirana na fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.</p>
      <p>A cintilografia com marcador &#243;sseo com 99m-Tecn&#233;cio &#233; atualmente usada no diagn&#243;stico n&#227;o invasivo de ATTR-CM, devido &#224; sua alta sensibilidade,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> mas o impacto da terapia na capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca desse biomarcador n&#227;o &#233; bem compreendido. An&#225;lises explorat&#243;rias em um subgrupo de pacientes brasileiros baseadas na capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca de tecn&#233;cio-99m mostraram que a escala de Perugini foi inalterada ou melhorou nos pacientes tratados com patisirana. Diversos pacientes mostraram uma melhora para o grau 1, que est&#225; abaixo do limiar para o diagn&#243;stico de ATTR-CM por crit&#233;rios n&#227;o invasivos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Efeitos semelhantes de terapias de RNAi na capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca de tecn&#233;cio-99m foram relatados anteriormente em pacientes com hATTR com polineuropatia e hATTR com cardiomiopatia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, a redu&#231;&#227;o na escala de Perugini foi descrita em raros pacientes com ATTR-CM com revers&#227;o espont&#226;nea associada a anticorpos e melhora cl&#237;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Coletivamente, esses dados indicam um benef&#237;cio de atuar na deposi&#231;&#227;o amiloide card&#237;aca atrav&#233;s da redu&#231;&#227;o de TTR ou de mecanismos mediados pelo sistema imunol&#243;gico. A rela&#231;&#227;o entre a redu&#231;&#227;o na capta&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e os desfechos cl&#237;nicos requer investiga&#231;&#227;o adicional.</p>
      <p>O perfil de seguran&#231;a da patisirana em pacientes brasileiros no APOLLO-B foi semelhante ao da popula&#231;&#227;o geral do estudo. A incid&#234;ncia e os tipos de eventos adversos nos grupos patisirana e placebo tamb&#233;m foram similares.</p>
      <p>As op&#231;&#245;es de tratamento para pacientes com ATTR-CM no Brasil s&#227;o limitadas. Tafamidis, que estabiliza os tetr&#226;meros de prote&#237;na TTR, era a &#250;nica farmacoterapia aprovada para ATTR-CM at&#233; recentemente, quando a patisirana foi aprovada para esta condi&#231;&#227;o. No estudo de Fase 3 ATTR-ACT, tafamidis reduziu a mortalidade por todas as causas e hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao sistema cardiovascular em compara&#231;&#227;o com o placebo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> e atenuou a taxa de decl&#237;nio na fun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> Embora a taxa de decl&#237;nio na capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida tenham sido reduzidas com tafamidis em compara&#231;&#227;o com o placebo, ambas continuaram a declinar durante o tratamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Os achados da subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira do APOLLO-B sugerem que a r&#225;pida e sustentada redu&#231;&#227;o da TTR com patisirana tem benef&#237;cios nos biomarcadores de estresse card&#237;aco e nos marcadores substitutos da carga de amiloide card&#237;aca, e que esses efeitos est&#227;o associados a benef&#237;cios potenciais na capacidade funcional, estado de sa&#250;de e qualidade de vida.</p>
      <p>Os resultados apresentados devem ser interpretados no contexto das limita&#231;&#245;es relacionadas &#224; an&#225;lise post hoc e ao tamanho pequeno da amostra. O estudo n&#227;o foi desenhado para detectar efeitos de tratamento espec&#237;ficos para a subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira. O APOLLO-B excluiu pacientes com a doen&#231;a mais grave (ou seja, pacientes tanto na Classe III da NYHA quanto no est&#225;gio 3 da amiloidose ATTR ou na Classe IV da NYHA) e, portanto, os benef&#237;cios potenciais podem n&#227;o se aplicar a todos os pacientes. Como nenhum paciente na subpopula&#231;&#227;o brasileira estava recebendo tafamidis no per&#237;odo basal, n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel avaliar a efic&#225;cia e seguran&#231;a da patisirana com tafamidis concomitante. Finalmente, o per&#237;odo duplo-cego de 12 meses limita a interpreta&#231;&#227;o do efeito da patisirana em desfechos como mortalidade e hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Esta an&#225;lise post hoc da subpopula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes brasileiros com ATTR-CM do estudo APOLLO-B mostrou uma r&#225;pida e sustentada redu&#231;&#227;o da TTR. Demonstrou os efeitos da patisirana na capacidade funcional, estado de sa&#250;de e qualidade de vida, consistentes com as observa&#231;&#245;es da popula&#231;&#227;o global do APOLLO-B, embora a signific&#226;ncia n&#227;o possa ser analisada devido ao tamanho pequeno da amostra. Al&#233;m disso, foram observados benef&#237;cios potenciais na fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, incluindo uma mudan&#231;a qualitativa na escala de Perugini de capta&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca durante a cintilografia com 99m-Tecn&#233;cio-pirofosfato, observada apenas em pacientes que foram submetidos ao tratamento com patisirana.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Tafamidis Treatment for Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>379</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1007</fpage>
          <lpage>1016</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1805689</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation>26. Shah SJ, Fine N, Garcia-Pavia P, Klein AL, Fernandes F, Weissman NJ, et al. Effect of Tafamidis on Cardiac Function in Patients with Transthyretin Amyloid Cardiomyopathy: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ATTR-ACT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2024;9(1):25-34. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2023.4147.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
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            <name>
              <surname>Shah</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fine</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garcia-Pavia</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Klein</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandes</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Weissman</surname>
              <given-names>NJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
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        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-available">
        <label>Declara&#231;&#227;o de compartilhamento de dados</label>
        <p> Os dados ser&#227;o fornecidos mediante aprova&#231;&#227;o de uma proposta de pesquisa e a execu&#231;&#227;o de um acordo de compartilhamento de dados. Solicita&#231;&#245;es de acesso aos dados podem ser enviadas atrav&#233;s do site <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.vivli.org">www.vivli.org</ext-link>.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p> N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p> Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo ALN-TTR02-011. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="supplementary-material" id="fn_ast1001">
        <label>*Material suplementar</label>
        <p> Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_material-suplementar.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p> O presente estudo foi financiado por Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240568i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Patisiran Treatment in the Brazilian Subpopulation of the Phase 3 APOLLO-B Study in Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy: Post Hoc Analysis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Claudio Tinoco</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schwartzmann</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Edileide Barros</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sim&#245;es</surname>
            <given-names>Marcus V.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Biolo</surname>
            <given-names>Andreia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6001">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Duque</surname>
            <given-names>Daniel Rodriguez</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jay</surname>
            <given-names>Patrick Y.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9323-8805</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fernandes</surname>
            <given-names>F&#225;bio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Pr&#243;-Card&#237;aco, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unimed Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts &#8211; USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><label>Mailing Address: Claudio Tinoco Mesquita</label> &#8226; Hospital Universit&#225;rio Ant&#244;nio Pedro - Servi&#231;o de Radiologia &#8211; Setor de Medicina Nuclear &#8211; Av. Marqu&#234;s do Paran&#225;, 303, 2&#186; andar. Postal Code 24033-900, Centro, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: claudiotinocomesquita@gmail.com </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>C.T.M. reports payment for lectures from Pfizer and Servier; and payment for attending meetings and/or travel from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, and Servier.</p>
          <p>P.S. reports research funding from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; payment for lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lilly, NovoNordisk, and Pfizer; payment for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca, Lilly, and NovoNordisk; and has participated on data safety monitoring or advisory boards for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, Novartis, and Pfizer.</p>
          <p>E.B.C. reports grants or contracts from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Sanofi Genzyme, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals; and has participated on data safety monitoring or advisory boards for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer.</p>
          <p>M.V.S. reports research funding from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, and Ionis Pharmaceuticals; payment for lectures from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca, and Pfizer; advisory board membership for Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and Pfizer; and payment for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca.</p>
          <p>D.R.D. is an external employee of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.</p>
          <p>P.Y.J. is an employee of Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and reports ownership of equity in Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.</p>
          <p>F.F. reports payment for lectures from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.</p>
          <p>A.B. reports no conflicts of interest.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p> Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> Patisiran rapidly knocked down transthyretin and preserved functional capacity in patients with transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) in the global Phase 3 APOLLO-B study (NCT03997383).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p> To evaluate patisiran efficacy and safety in post hoc analysis of the Brazilian subpopulation of APOLLO-B.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> Patients were randomized 1:1 to patisiran 0.3 mg/kg or placebo every 3 weeks for 12 months. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline (CFB) in functional capacity (6-minute walk test [6MWT]) at Month 12. Secondary endpoints included CFB to Month 12 in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary (KCCQ-OS) score. Exploratory endpoints included CFB in cardiac biomarkers and Perugini grade of cardiac uptake during technetium-99m scintigraphy.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> Forty-two patients enrolled in Brazil (patisiran, n=20; placebo, n=22). Patisiran showed benefit in 6MWT and KCCQ-OS scores vs. placebo; CFB (95% confidence interval [CI]) in 6MWT (median) and KCCQ-OS scores (least squares mean) was &#8211;2.0 m (&#8211;58.5, 42.9) and 9.37 (1.93, 16.81) points with patisiran vs. &#8211;30.1 m (&#8211;72.2, 3.5) and 2.62 (&#8211;4.68, 9.92) points for placebo. For cardiac biomarkers, the mean fold-change from baseline (95% CI) for N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide and troponin I was 1.31 (1.06, 1.61) and 1.12 (0.94, 1.34) for patisiran, and 1.71 (1.39, 2.10) and 1.28 (1.08, 1.53) for placebo, respectively. Perugini grade improved in 11/18 (61.1%) and 0/10 evaluable patients with patisiran and placebo, respectively. There were no deaths in the patisiran group vs. 3 in the placebo group.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p> The efficacy and safety of patisiran in Brazilian patients with ATTR-CM in APOLLO-B were consistent with those in the global study population. Findings are descriptive due to the small number of patients.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Central Illustration:</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Patisiran Treatment in the Brazilian Subpopulation of the Phase 3 APOLLO-B Study in Transthyretin Amyloidosis with Cardiomyopathy: Post Hoc Analysis</title>
              <p>
                <italic>6MWT: 6-minute walk test; AEs: adverse events; ATTR-CM: transthyretin amyloidosis with cardiomyopathy; CI: confidence interval; H&#8211;L: Hodges&#8211;Lehmann; IV: intravenous; KCCQ-OS: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary; LS: least squares; NT-proBNP: N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide; SEM: standard error of the mean; Q3W: every three weeks.</italic>
              </p>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Amyloidosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Transthyretin</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathies</kwd>
        <kwd>Small Interfering RNA</kwd>
        <kwd>Clinical Trial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is a rare, rapidly progressive, debilitating, and potentially fatal disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Misfolded transthyretin (TTR) forms toxic amyloid fibrils that deposit throughout the body, including the heart, nerves, gastrointestinal tract, and musculoskeletal system.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> ATTR can be hereditary (hATTR, also known as ATTRv), where patients inherit <italic>TTR</italic> variants that destabilize TTR protein, causing it to dissociate and misfold, or wild-type (wtATTR), where misfolded wild-type TTR accumulates as amyloid deposits in older adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Clinically, hATTR presents as polyneuropathy, cardiomyopathy, or commonly both.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Conversely, wtATTR manifests primarily as cardiomyopathy, but polyneuropathy may also be present.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Data from the international Transthyretin Amyloidosis Outcomes Survey (THAOS) show that most symptomatic patients with ATTR in Brazil have neurologic and gastrointestinal system manifestations, and approximately 30% have cardiac involvement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Approximately 25% of Brazilian patients with symptomatic ATTR in the THAOS registry were misdiagnosed, and more than one-third experienced a delay in diagnosis of greater than 1 year, which may have resulted in a delay in starting treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Without intervention, the continuous accumulation of amyloid in the heart promotes the progression of cardiomyopathy and aggravates the associated cardiac manifestations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Consequently, ATTR with cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) has a severe and progressive course, placing affected individuals at high risk of cardiovascular-related hospitalization and death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Median survival after diagnosis in untreated patients is limited: 2.5 years for hATTR caused by the <italic>TTR</italic> Val122Ile (or pV142I) mutation and 3.6 years for wtATTR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The consensus guidelines of the <italic>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</italic> emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of ATTR-CM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> However, the therapeutic options available for this condition are still limited.</p>
        <p>Patisiran, an RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutic formulated in a lipid nanoparticle, targets hepatic <italic>TTR</italic> mRNA and rapidly knocks down circulating levels of both wild-type and variant TTR protein.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Patisiran has been approved for the treatment of hATTR with polyneuropathy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Patisiran is not approved for the treatment of ATTR-CM in the USA, but it was recently approved in Brazil by the <italic>Ag&#234;ncia Nacional de Vigil&#226;ncia Sanit&#225;ria</italic> (ANVISA), and the <italic>Agence nationale de s&#233;curit&#233; du m&#233;dicament et des produits de sant&#233;</italic> has granted approval for the compassionate use of patisiran in France for patients with ATTR-CM failing tafamidis 61 mg. In the Phase 3 APOLLO-B study (NCT03997383), patisiran preserved functional capacity, health status, and quality of life vs. placebo over 12 months in patients with ATTR-CM (hATTR and wtATTR).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Exploratory analyses also showed improvement in cardiac biomarkers and left ventricular (LV) structure and function compared with placebo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of patisiran in the Brazilian subpopulation of APOLLO-B. We also assessed technetium-99m bone-tracer scintigraphy, a non-biopsy diagnostic technique for ATTR-CM, to better understand the impact of therapy on the cardiac uptake of this tracer.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study design</title>
          <p>APOLLO-B is an international, Phase 3, randomized, multicenter study of patisiran in patients with ATTR-CM (hATTR and wtATTR), comprising a 12-month, placebo-controlled, double-blind period and an ongoing open-label extension (OLE; NCT02510261). The study is being conducted in 21 countries across North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia&#8211;Pacific. Full details of the study design have been published.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
          <p>In brief, patients were randomized 1:1 to receive patisiran (0.3 mg/kg up to a maximum of 30 mg) or placebo intravenously (IV) once every 3 weeks (Q3W) for 12 months. All patients in both treatment arms received standard premedication 60 minutes before infusion to reduce the potential for an infusion-related reaction with patisiran. Patients who completed the 12-month double-blind period were eligible to receive patisiran 0.3 mg/kg IV Q3W in the ongoing 36-month OLE period.</p>
          <p>The study protocol and amendments were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board or Independent Ethics Committee at each center. The study was conducted in accordance with all applicable regulatory requirements, the current guidelines of Good Clinical Practice, and principles originating from the Declaration of Helsinki. All patients provided written informed consent before participation.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Patients</title>
          <p>Full inclusion and exclusion criteria have been published.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Patients were aged 18&#8211;85 years with a diagnosis of ATTR-CM (hATTR or wtATTR), defined as TTR amyloid deposition on tissue biopsy or fulfilling validated non-biopsy diagnostic criteria (i.e., Grade 2 or 3 cardiac uptake on technetium scintigraphy in patients who do not have monoclonal gammopathy);<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> evidence of cardiac involvement by echocardiography, with an end-diastolic interventricular septal wall thickness &gt;12 mm; and a medical history of heart failure. Patients were previously untreated with tafamidis or were permitted to have received tafamidis for &#8805;6 months at baseline as per the local label and approved dose, with disease progression as determined by the investigator.</p>
          <p>Patients were excluded if classified as both New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III and ATTR stage 3 (defined as <italic>N</italic>-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP] &gt;3000 ng/L, concomitantly with an estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> NYHA Class IV; 6-minute walk test (6MWT) distance &lt;150 m; polyneuropathy disability score &gt;2; and other non-TTR cardiomyopathy.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Endpoints</title>
          <p>The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in functional capacity measured using the 6MWT at Month 12 for patisiran vs. placebo. Pre-specified secondary endpoints assessed in the Brazilian subpopulation included: change from baseline to Month 12 in the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary (KCCQ-OS) and domain scores,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, frequency of all-cause hospitalizations, and urgent heart failure visits over 12 months. Exploratory endpoints included change in cardiac biomarkers (NT-proBNP and troponin I) at Months 3, 6, 9, and 12, and Perugini grade assessed by cardiac uptake during technetium-99m scintigraphy with bone tracers. Technetium-99m scintigraphy was performed in a planned subset of patients. Pharmacodynamic effects were assessed by changes in serum TTR levels from baseline through Month 12. Safety outcomes, including adverse events (classified according to Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Affairs version 23.0 System Organ Class and Preferred Term), clinical laboratory parameters, and vital signs, were monitored throughout the study.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analyses</title>
          <p>For the primary endpoint, the median treatment effect with 95% confidence interval was estimated using the Hodges&#8211;Lehmann estimator; missing data were imputed as previously described.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> The median was used due to the non-normality of the 6MWT endpoint. Change from baseline at Month 12 in KCCQ-OS and component scores was assessed using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) adjusted for baseline KCCQ-OS as a continuous covariate and fixed-effect terms (treatment arm, visit, baseline tafamidis, subgroup [Brazil vs. ex-Brazil], treatment-by-visit interaction, treatment-by-subgroup interaction, visit-by-subgroup interaction, and treatment-by-visit-by-subgroup interaction). Change from baseline in cardiac biomarkers (NT-proBNP and troponin I) was assessed with an MMRM model, with log-transformed baseline values as a continuous covariate and the same fixed-effect terms as in the KCCQ-OS analysis. Sample size allowing, analyses followed the pre-specified models for subgroup analysis. MMRM models were fit using all trial participants, not just Brazilian participants, and it was the subgroup interactions within the models that permitted the estimation of specific effects for the Brazilian subpopulation.</p>
          <p>A subset of patients in APOLLO-B participated in a planned technetium-99m single-photon emission computed tomography imaging study using bone-avid tracers. Perugini grade was evaluated at baseline and Month 12 (grade 0 = absent cardiac uptake; 1 = mild cardiac uptake less than bone; 2 = moderate cardiac uptake equal to bone or with mildly attenuated bone uptake; 3 = high cardiac uptake greater than bone or with a marked reduction in bone uptake).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> The change from baseline to Month 12 in Perugini grade was summarized descriptively.</p>
          <p>Demographic and baseline characteristics, deaths, frequency of hospitalizations for any cause, urgent visits for heart failure in the overall population, and safety data were summarized descriptively. Events due to COVID-19 were excluded from the analysis. Efficacy and safety analyses were conducted in the Brazilian subpopulation of the full analysis set (i.e., all randomized patients who received any amount of the study drug) for the double-blind period of the study.</p>
          <p>Pharmacodynamic analyses were conducted in all patients who received &#8805;1 complete dose of the study drug and had an evaluable baseline and &#8805;1 evaluable post-baseline serum TTR measurement. The percentage change from baseline in serum TTR levels was summarized descriptively.</p>
          <p>All descriptive analyses sought to summarize continuous, normal variables through means and standard deviations, continuous, non-normal variables through medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs), and categorical variables through frequencies and percentages. Normality was assessed visually through histograms; data distributions that exhibited skewness or that contained outliers were deemed non-normal. SAS version 9.4 was used to perform the statistical analyses.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Patients</title>
          <p>A total of 360 patients were enrolled in APOLLO-B between October 2019 and May 2021. Of these, 42 patients were enrolled at 6 sites in Brazil, 39 of whom completed the Month 12 visit (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_supplemental-material.pdf">Supplementary Materials Figure S1</ext-link>). The demographics and baseline clinical characteristics for the Brazilian subpopulation were generally comparable between treatment groups, except for numerically lower proportions of males and patients with wtATTR in the patisiran group compared with placebo (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>). Median (range) age was 73 (51&#8211;85) years in the Brazilian subpopulation. No patients were receiving tafamidis at baseline, but all patients were receiving concomitant cardiac medications (see <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_supplemental-material.pdf">Supplementary Materials Table S1</ext-link> for details). Twenty-three (54.8%) patients had wtATTR, and 19 (45.2%) had hATTR. Among those with hATTR, there were 5 <italic>TTR</italic> variants, the most common being V122I (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>). A mixed phenotype with cardiomyopathy and polyneuropathy was reported in 17 (89.5%) patients with hATTR (see <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_supplemental-material.pdf">Supplementary Materials Table S1</ext-link> for demographics and baseline clinical characteristics).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="33%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">Patisiran (n=20)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">Placebo (n=22)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Age (years), median (IQR)*</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">73 (69&#8211;82)</td>
                    <td align="center">73 (71&#8211;78)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Male sex, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">14 (70.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (90.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Race, n (%)<sup>&#8224;</sup></bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>White</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (60.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (72.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Black/African American</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (30.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (22.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Asian</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (4.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Other</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (5.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Not reported</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (5.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>wtATTR, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">7 (35.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (72.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diagnosed by biopsy<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (25.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diagnosed by technetium scintigraphy<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">7 (100.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (93.8)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>hATTR, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">13 (65.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (27.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diagnosed by biopsy<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">2 (15.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (33.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diagnosed by technetium scintigraphy<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                    <td align="center">12 (92.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (100.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>hATTR with mixed phenotype of cardiomyopathy and polyneuropathy, n (%)<sup>&#167;</sup></bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">13 (100.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (66.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>TTR variants, n (%)<sup>&#167;</sup></bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>I68L</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (16.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>T60A</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (23.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (16.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>V122I</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (69.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (50.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>V122L</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (16.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>V30M</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (7.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Time since diagnosis of ATTR (years), median (range)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">0.6 (0.1&#8211;1.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.3 (0.1&#8211;1.6)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Baseline tafamidis use, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>ATTR stage, n (%)<sup>&#182;</sup></bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>1</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (65.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (54.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>2</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (35.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (36.4)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>3</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (9.1)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>PND score, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>0: no impairment</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (30.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (50.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>I: preserved walking, with sensory disturbances</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (65.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (50.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>II: impaired, walking without the need for a stick or crutches</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (5.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>NYHA Class, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>I</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (4.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>II</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (100.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (90.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>III</td>
                    <td align="center">0</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (4.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>6MWT distance (m), median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">360.4 (323.8&#8211;379.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">350.3 (300.0&#8211;434.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>KCCQ-OS (points), mean (SD)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">59.7 (22.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">63.2 (23.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>NT-proBNP level (ng/L), median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">1832.5 (904.5&#8211;3457.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">2155.0 (1030.0&#8211;2911.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Troponin I level (ng/L), median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">64.2 (38.6&#8211;122.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">78.0 (27.6&#8211;125.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>eGFR (mL/min/1.73m<sup>2</sup>), median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">61.5 (54.5&#8211;72.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">55.5 (39.0&#8211;72.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Creatinine (&#956;mol/L), median (IQR)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">101.5 (84.0&#8211;124.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">115.0 (80.0&#8211;150.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Medical history, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (35.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (27.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertension</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (60.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (50.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Concomitant medications, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diuretics</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (90.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (95.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (65.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (50.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Beta-blockers</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (25.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (50.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>ACEI, ARB, or ARNI</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (55.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (40.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>SGLT2 inhibitors</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (15.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (18.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>*Age at screening; <sup>&#8224;</sup>Self-reported; <sup>&#8225;</sup>ATTR diagnosis could be confirmed by multiple methods; therefore, the sum of percentages may be greater than 100; <sup>&#167;</sup>Percentage based on number of patients with hATTR; <sup>&#182;</sup>Stage 1 (lower risk) was defined by NT-proBNP level &#8804;3000 pg/mL and eGFR of &#8805;45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. Stage 2 (intermediate risk) included all patients who did not meet the criteria for stages 1 or 3. Stage 3 (higher risk) was defined by NT-proBNP &#8805;3000 pg/mL and an eGFR of &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>. 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI: angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; ATTR: transthyretin amyloidosis; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; hATTR: hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis; IQR: interquartile range; KCCQ-OS: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary; NT-proBNP: N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA: New York Heart Association; PND: polyneuropathy disability; SD: standard deviation; SGLT2: sodium-glucose co-transporter 2; TTR: transthyretin; wtATTR: wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Efficacy</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Primary endpoint</title>
            <p>Patisiran-treated patients in the Brazilian subpopulation showed a smaller magnitude of decline from baseline in the 6MWT distance at Month 12 vs. placebo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1A</xref>).</p>
            <p>
              <fig id="f02001">
                <label>Figure 1</label>
                <caption>
                  <title>&#8211; Change from baseline over time for (A) 6MWT and (B) KCCQ-OS. 6MWT: 6-minute walk test; CI: confidence interval; H&#8211;L: Hodges&#8211;Lehmann; KCCQ-OS: Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-Overall Summary; LS: least squares; SEM: standard error of the mean.</title>
                </caption>
                <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
            </p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Secondary endpoints</title>
            <p>KCCQ-OS scores increased from baseline to Month 12 with patisiran vs. placebo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1B</xref>). Component analyses favored patisiran vs. placebo for all domains (physical limitation, total symptom, quality of life, and social limitation) (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_supplemental-material.pdf">Supplementary Materials Figure S2</ext-link>). A similar proportion of patients in the patisiran and placebo groups had &#8805;1 composite event (all-cause mortality or hospitalization or urgent heart failure visits; <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>). There were no deaths in the patisiran group (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>).</p>
            <p>
              <table-wrap id="t2001">
                <label>Table 2</label>
                <caption>
                  <title>&#8211; All-cause deaths, all-cause hospitalizations, or urgent heart failure visits*</title>
                </caption>
                <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                  <colgroup width="33%">
                    <col/>
                    <col/>
                    <col/>
                  </colgroup>
                  <thead>
                    <tr>
                      <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                      <th style="font-weight:normal">Patisiran (n=20) PY=20.9</th>
                      <th style="font-weight:normal">Placebo (n=22) PY=21.6</th>
                    </tr>
                  </thead>
                  <tbody>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <bold>Patients with &#8805;1 event<sup>&#8224;&#8225;</sup>, n (%) [n events]</bold>
                      </td>
                      <td align="center">6 (30.0) [10]</td>
                      <td align="center">6 (27.3) [11]</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <bold>All-cause deaths, n (%) [n events]</bold>
                      </td>
                      <td align="center">0</td>
                      <td align="center">3 (13.6) [3]</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>Cardiovascular-related deaths</td>
                      <td align="center">0</td>
                      <td align="center">2 (9.1) [2]</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>Non-cardiovascular-related deaths</td>
                      <td align="center">0</td>
                      <td align="center">1 (4.5) [1]</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <bold>All-cause hospitalizations, n (%) [n events]</bold>
                      </td>
                      <td align="center">5 (25.0) [9]</td>
                      <td align="center">6 (27.3) [8]</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>Cardiovascular hospitalizations</td>
                      <td align="center">3 (15.0) [4]</td>
                      <td align="center">4 (18.2) [5]</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>Non-cardiovascular hospitalizations</td>
                      <td align="center">2 (10.0) [5]</td>
                      <td align="center">3 (13.6) [3]</td>
                    </tr>
                    <tr>
                      <td>
                        <bold>Urgent heart failure visits, n (%) [n events]</bold>
                      </td>
                      <td align="center">1 (5.0) [1]</td>
                      <td align="center">0</td>
                    </tr>
                  </tbody>
                </table>
                <table-wrap-foot>
                  <fn id="TFN2001">
                    <p>
                      <italic>*Follow-up time computed using the last day in a 12-month double-blind period for efficacy analysis; <sup>&#8224;</sup>Composite endpoint of all-cause death, all-cause hospitalizations, or urgent heart failure visits; <sup>&#8225;</sup>Events due to COVID-19 were excluded. PY: patient-years.</italic>
                    </p>
                  </fn>
                </table-wrap-foot>
              </table-wrap>
            </p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Exploratory endpoints</title>
            <p>Median (IQR) change from baseline in NT-proBNP at Month 12 was 320.0 (3.5&#8211;1756.0) ng/L with patisiran and 2024.0 (&#8211;211.0 to 3231.7) ng/L with placebo. The ratio (patisiran:placebo) of adjusted geometric mean fold-change from baseline was larger in the placebo group than in the patisiran group (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 2A</xref>). For troponin I, a median (IQR) change from baseline of 8.5 (&#8211;9.10 to 23.4) ng/L was reported at Month 12 for the patisiran group compared with 16.5 (0&#8211;61.5) ng/L for placebo. The ratio (patisiran:placebo) of adjusted geometric mean fold-change from baseline was larger in the placebo group than in the patisiran group (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 2B</xref>).</p>
            <p>
              <fig id="f03001">
                <label>Figure 2</label>
                <caption>
                  <title>&#8211; Adjusted geometric mean fold-change from baseline in (A) NT-proBNP and (B) troponin I. CI: confidence interval; NT-pro-BNP: N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide</title>
                </caption>
                <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
            </p>
            <p>Thirty-five patients (patisiran, n=18; placebo, n=17) in the Brazilian subpopulation were included in the imaging subset. Twenty-eight patients (patisiran, n=18; placebo, n=10) were evaluable, with Perugini grading at both baseline and Month 12; 7 patients in the placebo group were not evaluable at Month 12. An improvement in Perugini grade at Month 12 was observed in 11 (61.1%) patients in the patisiran group. Of these 11 patients, 3 improved to Perugini grade 1. None of the placebo-treated patients showed an improvement in Perugini grade. No patients in the patisiran group showed an increase in Perugini grade, whereas 1 patient (10.0%) in the placebo group showed an increase in grade at Month 12. Patient-level data for change from baseline in Perugini grade for patients in the Brazilian subpopulation and those outside Brazil are shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04001">Figure 3A</xref>, and representative images are shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04001">Figure 3B</xref>.</p>
            <p>
              <fig id="f04001">
                <label>Figure 3</label>
                <caption>
                  <title>Individual patient-level data for patients from Brazil and ex-Brazil for (A) Perugini grade at baseline and Month 12, and (B) representative technetium-99m cardiac scintigraphy images for an individual patient showing a reduction in myocardial uptake of tracer at 5 and 24 months after patisiran initiation (technetium-99m analysis set).</title>
                </caption>
                <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
            </p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Pharmacodynamics</title>
            <p>A rapid and sustained knockdown of serum TTR was observed in patients treated with patisiran (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05001">Figure 4</xref>). At Month 12, patisiran treatment led to a mean (standard error of the mean) percent reduction in serum TTR of 85.3% (4.5).</p>
            <p>
              <fig id="f05001">
                <label>Figure 4</label>
                <caption>
                  <title>&#8211; Percentage change from baseline in serum TTR. Serum TTR levels were analyzed as previously described.13 SEM: standard error of the mean; TTR: transthyretin.</title>
                </caption>
                <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-04-e20240568-40568-gf05-en.tif"/></fig>
            </p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Safety</title>
        <p>A similar proportion of patients from Brazil in the patisiran and placebo groups had adverse events during the 12-month double-blind period (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref>), with the majority being mild or moderate in severity and deemed unrelated to study treatment by investigators. The most frequent adverse event was cardiac failure (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref>). No patients from Brazil had infusion-related reactions. Serious adverse events are shown in <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_supplemental-material.pdf">Supplementary Materials Table S3</ext-link>. No adverse events resulted in discontinuations, and 3 deaths occurred, all in the placebo group.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Overview of adverse events over the 12-month double-blind treatment period</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="33%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Event, n patients (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Patisiran (n=20) PY=20.9<sup>*</sup></th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Placebo (n=22) PY=21.5<sup>*</sup></th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>&#8805;1 AE (all-cause)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">19 (95.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (95.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Treatment-related AEs</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (9.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Most common AEs (all-cause)<sup>&#8224;</sup></bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Heart failure</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (25.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (31.8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Renal impairment</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (15.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (9.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Muscle spasms</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (15.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (4.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>COVID-19</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (15.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (9.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Constipation</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (18.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Nausea</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Urosepsis</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Autonomic nervous system imbalance</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insomnia</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (13.6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hematuria</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (4.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Atrial fibrillation</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (13.6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>SAEs (all-cause)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">8 (40.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (31.8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Treatment-related SAEs</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Cardiac AEs (SOC)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">7 (35.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (45.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Cardiac SAEs</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">3 (15.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (18.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Atrial fibrillation</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (4.5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cardiac failure</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (10.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (18.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tachyarrhythmia</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (5.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Severe AEs</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">4 (20.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (22.7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>AEs leading to treatment discontinuation</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Treatment-related AEs leading to treatment discontinuation</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Deaths</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (13.6)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3001">
                <p>
                  <italic>AEs coded using MedDRA version 23.0. *Determined using last dosing day in the 12-month period; <sup>&#8224;</sup>&#8805;10% for Preferred Terms in either treatment arm. AE: adverse event; MedDRA: Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Affairs; PY: patient-years; SAE: serious adverse event; SOC: system organ class.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of patisiran in the Brazilian subpopulation of the APOLLO-B study in patients with ATTR-CM (hATTR and wtATTR). Although the results are descriptive because the study was not powered to detect treatment effects specific to this subgroup, they are consistent with the overall findings of APOLLO-B. Rapid and sustained knockdown of circulating TTR by patisiran resulted in potential improvement in functional capacity, health status, and quality of life during the 12-month double-blind period compared with placebo and was well tolerated in Brazilian patients with ATTR-CM. A potential benefit on cardiac biomarkers and myocardial uptake in bone-avid tracer scintigraphy (Perugini grade) was also observed.</p>
        <p>A clinically meaningful difference was evident with patisiran in terms of preserving functional capacity, with the observed magnitude of decline in 6MWT distance in the patisiran group being similar to that expected with healthy aging.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> A trend toward improvement in health status and quality of life, based on a moderate-to-large difference between the patisiran and placebo groups in the change from baseline in KCCQ-OS scores at Month 12, was also evident. Patisiran had a notable effect on symptoms, with a difference from placebo of approximately 12 points on the KCCQ symptom domain score and a corresponding impact on quality-of-life domains. These effects are of relevance to patients with ATTR in clinical practice who frequently report debilitating symptoms that negatively affect their daily lives and emotional well-being.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Some differences were evident in the outcomes in the Brazilian subpopulation compared with the overall study population. Among patisiran-treated patients, KCCQ-OS scores did not increase in the overall APOLLO-B population to the same extent as seen in the Brazilian subpopulation. Placebo-treated patients in Brazil appear to show a less rapid decline in functional capacity than patients in the overall study population. In addition, health status and quality of life were maintained in the placebo group of the Brazilian subpopulation, while there was a decrease (worsening) in scores among the placebo-treated patients in the overall study. The reason for these differences is unknown but may relate to general heart failure management or a placebo effect.</p>
        <p>In addition to its effects on functional capacity, health status, and quality of life, patisiran treatment resulted in a lower increase in the cardiac biomarkers NT-proBNP and troponin I compared with placebo. NT-proBNP and troponin I are used to assess cardiac manifestations in patients with ATTR-CM, and elevated levels are associated with more severe cardiac involvement and poorer cardiac and mortality outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> The improvement in levels of these cardiac biomarkers observed in Brazilian patients with ATTR-CM in APOLLO-B suggests a potential benefit of patisiran on cardiac function.</p>
        <p>Technetium-99m bone-avid tracer scintigraphy is currently used in the non-biopsy diagnosis of ATTR-CM, owing to its high sensitivity,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> but the impact of therapy on the cardiac uptake of this tracer is not well understood. Exploratory analyses in a subset of Brazilian patients based on technetium-99m cardiac uptake showed that Perugini grade was either unchanged or improved in patients treated with patisiran. Several patients showed an improvement to grade 1, which is below the threshold for diagnosis of ATTR-CM by non-biopsy criteria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Similar effects of RNAi therapeutics on technetium-99m cardiac uptake have been reported previously in patients with hATTR with polyneuropathy and hATTR with cardiomyopathy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> In addition, reduction in Perugini grade has been described in rare patients with spontaneous, antibody-associated reversal of ATTR-CM and clinical improvement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Collectively, these data indicate a benefit of targeting cardiac amyloid deposition by TTR knockdown or immune-mediated mechanisms. The relationship between reduction in myocardial uptake and clinical outcomes requires further investigation.</p>
        <p>The safety profile of patisiran in Brazilian patients in APOLLO-B was similar to that in the overall study population. The incidence and types of adverse events in the patisiran and placebo groups were similar as well.</p>
        <p>Treatment options for patients with ATTR-CM in Brazil are limited. Tafamidis, which stabilizes TTR protein tetramers, was the only pharmacotherapy approved for ATTR-CM until recently when patisiran was approved by ANVISA for this condition. In the Phase 3 ATTR-ACT study, tafamidis reduced all-cause mortality and cardiovascular-related hospitalization vs. placebo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> and attenuated the rate of decline in LV function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> While the rate of decline in functional capacity and quality of life was reduced with tafamidis vs. placebo, both continued to decline during treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> The findings from the APOLLO-B Brazilian subpopulation suggest that rapid and sustained knockdown of TTR with patisiran has benefits on biomarkers of cardiac stress and surrogate markers of cardiac amyloid burden, and that these effects are associated with potential benefits on functional capacity, health status, and quality of life.</p>
        <p>The presented results should be interpreted in the context of limitations related to post hoc analysis and small sample size. The study was not designed to detect treatment effects specific to the Brazilian subpopulation. APOLLO-B excluded patients with the most severe disease (i.e., patients in both NYHA Class III and ATTR amyloidosis stage 3 or in NYHA Class IV), so potential benefits may not apply to all patients. Because no patients in the Brazilian subpopulation were receiving tafamidis at baseline, it was not possible to assess the efficacy and safety of patisiran with concomitant tafamidis. Finally, the 12-month double-blind period limits the interpretation of the effect of patisiran on outcomes such as mortality and hospitalizations.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>This post hoc analysis of the subgroup of Brazilian patients with ATTR-CM from APOLLO-B showed rapid and sustained knockdown of TTR. It demonstrated the effects of patisiran on functional capacity, health status, and quality of life, consistent with observations from the global APOLLO-B population, although significance could not be analyzed due to the small sample size. Additionally, potential benefits on cardiac function were observed, including a qualitative change in Perugini grade of cardiac uptake during technetium-99m scintigraphy that was noted only in patients who underwent patisiran therapy.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="data-availability" specific-use="data-available">
          <label>Data sharing statement</label>
          <p> Data will be provided contingent upon the approval of a research proposal and the execution of a data-sharing agreement. Requests for access to data can be submitted via the website <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.vivli.org">www.vivli.org</ext-link>.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p> This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo under the protocol number ALN-TTR02-011. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="supplementary-material" id="fn_ast1">
          <label>*Supplemental Materials</label>
          <p> For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12204/2024-0568_AO_supplemental-material.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p> The study was funded by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
