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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">dTGR3gPz6rZDtqXx9wtm3zk</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000300206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250193</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00206</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Passando da Era de "Verificar o Pulso" para "Verificar o ECG" na Preven&#231;&#227;o de Eventos Tromboemb&#243;licos na Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7881-0447</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Wu</surname>
            <given-names>Tan Chen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Tan Chen Wu</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>tan_chen@bol.com.br</email>, <email>tanchen.cardio@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>03</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250193</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Renal Cr&#244;nica</kwd>
        <kwd>Triagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Di&#225;lise</kwd>
        <kwd>Equipamentos e Provis&#245;es</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) e doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (DRC) compartilham fatores de risco comuns e frequentemente coexistem: 20% dos pacientes com DRC t&#234;m FA sintom&#225;tica, enquanto cerca de 50% dos pacientes com FA ter&#227;o algum grau de comprometimento renal. Pacientes com ambas as condi&#231;&#245;es t&#234;m um risco cinco vezes maior de acidente vascular cerebral, risco tr&#234;s vezes maior de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva, maior morbidade cardiovascular e mortalidade por todas as causas em compara&#231;&#227;o com pacientes que t&#234;m apenas FA ou DRC. As taxas de incid&#234;ncia de FA em um grande banco de dados nacional de Taiwan foram de 5,0, 7,3 e 12,1 eventos por 1000 pacientes-ano na popula&#231;&#227;o geral, na coorte de DRC e na coorte de doen&#231;a renal em est&#225;gio terminal, respectivamente. O risco de acidente vascular cerebral ou embolia sist&#234;mica aumentou em 7% para cada decl&#237;nio de 10 mL/min na eGFR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A detec&#231;&#227;o precoce de FA pode reduzir o risco de acidente vascular cerebral e outras complica&#231;&#245;es relacionadas &#224; FA usando terapia anticoagulante oral ou procedimento de fechamento do ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na primeira pesquisa baseada em m&#233;dicos conduzida em conjunto pela <italic>European Heart Rhythm Association</italic> (EHRA) e pela <italic>European Renal Association</italic> (ERA)/<italic>European Dialysis and Transplantation Association</italic> (EDTA) em 2020 para obter insights sobre o tratamento da FA em pacientes com DRC, quando questionados sobre o rastreamento de FA entre pacientes com DRC, no geral, 132/295 entrevistados (44,7%) fariam rotineiramente o rastreio da FA em todos os pacientes com DRC em sua primeira apresenta&#231;&#227;o, 68/295 (23,1%) fariam o rastreio para FA apenas em pacientes com DRC selecionados e 95/295 entrevistados (32,2%) n&#227;o fariam a triagem para FA entre pacientes com DRC. Em compara&#231;&#227;o com os entrevistados da ERA/EDTA, os entrevistados da EHRA fariam mais frequentemente o rastreio de FA apenas em pacientes com DRC selecionados (28,5% vs. 16,8%, p = 0,017 na primeira apresenta&#231;&#227;o e 36,7% vs. 25,0%, p = 0,031 durante o acompanhamento). Portanto, h&#225; uma busca de FA entre pacientes com DRC, mais provavelmente em pacientes com sintomas ou hist&#243;rico de arritmia. Mais entrevistados da ERA/EDTA fariam o rastreio de FA entre pacientes em di&#225;lise ou aqueles com transplante renal funcional em compara&#231;&#227;o com os entrevistados da EHRA. As t&#233;cnicas de rastreamento mais comuns foram um &#250;nico registro de eletrocardiograma (ECG) de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es (240/288 entrevistados, 83,3%) ou monitoramento com Holter &#8805;24 h (181/288, 62,8%). Os entrevistados da ERA/EDTA ainda escolheram com mais frequ&#234;ncia a palpa&#231;&#227;o do pulso (67,4%), enquanto os entrevistados da EHRA optaram com mais frequ&#234;ncia por uma estrat&#233;gia de monitoramento do ritmo card&#237;aco usando um dispositivo port&#225;til, telemetria, monitoramento Holter, um monitor card&#237;aco implant&#225;vel ou leituras de mem&#243;ria de dispositivo eletr&#244;nico card&#237;aco implant&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Pacientes com DRC em hemodi&#225;lise (HD) representam a "tempestade perfeita" para arritmog&#234;nese com uma mir&#237;ade de fatores contribuintes, incluindo doen&#231;a card&#237;aca estrutural subjacente, inflama&#231;&#227;o, desequil&#237;brio auton&#244;mico, dist&#250;rbios eletrol&#237;ticos, estresse hemodin&#226;mico e flutua&#231;&#245;es no equil&#237;brio h&#237;drico. Tecnologias novas, port&#225;teis e f&#225;ceis de usar podem ser uma ferramenta conveniente para triagem de FA, especialmente em popula&#231;&#245;es de alto risco. Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o, Carvalho et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> avaliaram 388 pacientes (mulheres, 40,7%; idade m&#233;dia de 56,8 anos, DP &#177; 14,7; tempo de hemodi&#225;lise de 27 meses, 10-57) durante uma sess&#227;o de HD usando um gadget port&#225;til com uma grava&#231;&#227;o de deriva&#231;&#227;o &#250;nica (MyDiagnostick<sup>&#174;</sup>) para pesquisar FA. Cada participante foi rastreado apenas em uma &#250;nica sess&#227;o. A triagem foi positiva em 16 (4,1%) pacientes. A FA foi confirmada por ECG em 7 (1,8%). Sexo masculino (p=0,019), idade avan&#231;ada (p=0,007), ECG basal alterado (p&lt;0,001), aumento do pot&#225;ssio s&#233;rico (p=0,021), redu&#231;&#227;o da press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica no in&#237;cio da di&#225;lise (p=0,007) e angina est&#225;vel (0,011) foram associados ao rastreamento positivo. O dispositivo apresentou especificidade de 91,74% (IC95% 86,65% a 96,91%) e sensibilidade de 100% (IC95% 100% a 100%), com valor preditivo negativo de 100% (IC95% 100% a 100%) para rastreamento de FA. Os autores conclu&#237;ram que o uso deste dispositivo se mostrou pr&#225;tico, com alta sensibilidade e excelente valor preditivo negativo. A FA subcl&#237;nica tem alta preval&#234;ncia, quase 3 vezes maior que a da popula&#231;&#227;o geral, e pode estar subestimada nesta popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Como limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo, a preval&#234;ncia real pode ser subestimada devido &#224; triagem durante uma &#250;nica sess&#227;o de hemodi&#225;lise, que ocorre em apenas dois momentos, pois a FA pode se apresentar de forma parox&#237;stica, diferentemente da vigil&#226;ncia com tecnologia de monitoramento cont&#237;nuo. Usando monitoramento de gravador de loop implant&#225;vel, Koplan et al. detectaram nova FA em aproximadamente um ter&#231;o dos pacientes com DRC em hemodi&#225;lise (18 de 59 indiv&#237;duos) em 6 meses. Comparando esses achados com dados anteriores que avaliaram a incid&#234;ncia de FA em uma popula&#231;&#227;o geral com fun&#231;&#227;o renal amplamente normal em faixas et&#225;rias semelhantes (o estudo de Rotterdam), a incid&#234;ncia de FA nesta coorte de pacientes com DRC em di&#225;lise foi mais de 10 vezes maior. Entre os pacientes com FA &gt; 6 minutos, 19 de 23 (83%) tinham uma pontua&#231;&#227;o CHA2DS2-VASc &#8805; 2 ou com riscos substancialmente aumentados de acidente vascular cerebral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Da mesma forma, o estudo franc&#234;s de 71 pacientes com DRC submetidos &#224; HD, dos quais 12 (17%) tinham sido previamente diagnosticados com FA ou flutter. Ao usar ILR, a preval&#234;ncia geral de FA foi de 37%, e FA de novo foi detectada em 20% durante um acompanhamento m&#233;dio de 21 meses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Da mesma forma, um estudo australiano de 50 pacientes com KF em HD encontrou FA parox&#237;stica de in&#237;cio recente em 28% dos pacientes durante um acompanhamento m&#233;dio de 18 meses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na era da medicina preventiva, os testes no ponto de atendimento, utilizando tecnologias e ferramentas acess&#237;veis, para rastrear e prevenir complica&#231;&#245;es previs&#237;veis, recebem interesse significativo para v&#225;rias aplica&#231;&#245;es e s&#227;o certamente bem-vindos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Com a tecnologia vest&#237;vel se tornando cada vez mais dispon&#237;vel, o potencial para reduzir o acidente vascular cerebral e a mortalidade nessa popula&#231;&#227;o vulner&#225;vel pode nos permitir fazer a transi&#231;&#227;o de "verifique sempre seu pulso" para "verifique sempre seu ECG" em um futuro muito pr&#243;ximo.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Utiliza&#231;&#227;o de Dispositivo Port&#225;til para Rastreio de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Subcl&#237;nica em Pacientes com Doen&#231;a Renal Cr&#244;nica Dial&#237;tica</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250193i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Moving from the "Check the Pulse" Era To "Check the ECG" in the Prevention of Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7881-0447</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Wu</surname>
            <given-names>Tan Chen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Tan Chen Wu</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>tan_chen@bol.com.br</email>, <email>tanchen.cardio@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Chronic Renal Insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>Triage</kwd>
        <kwd>Dialysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Equipment and Supplies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share common risk factors and often co-exist: 20% of patients with CKD have symptomatic AF, whereas around 50% of patients with AF will have some degree of renal impairment. Patients with both conditions have a five-fold increased risk of stroke, three-fold increased risk of congestive heart failure, higher cardiovascular morbidity, and all-cause mortality compared with patients who only have either AF or CKD. The incidence rates of AF in a large nationwide database from Taiwan were 5.0, 7.3, and 12.1 events per 1000 patient-years in the general population, the CKD cohort, and the end-stage kidney disease cohort, respectively. The risk of stroke or systemic embolismincreased by 7% for every 10 mL/min decline in eGFR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Early detection of AF may reduce the risk of stroke and other AF-related complications using oral anticoagulant therapy or left atrial appendage closure procedure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>.<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the first physician-based survey jointly conducted by European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) and European Renal Association (ERA)/European Dialysis and Transplantation Association (EDTA) in 2020 to gain insight into the management of AF in patients with CKD, when asked about screening for AF among CKD patient, overall, 132/295 respondents (44.7%) would routinely screen for the presence of AF in all CKD patients at their first presentation, 68/295 (23.1%) would screen for AF only in selected CKD patients, and 95/295 respondents (32.2%) would not screen for AF among CKD patients. Compared with ERA/EDTA respondents, EHRA respondents would more frequently screen for AF only in selected CKD patients (28.5% vs. 16.8%, p = 0.017 at their first presentation and 36.7% vs. 25.0%, p = 0.031 during follow-up). Therefore, there is a low utilization of screening for AF among CKD patients, most likely in patients with symptoms or a history of arrhythmia. More ERA/EDTA respondents would screen for AF among patients on dialysis or those with a functioning kidney transplant compared with EHRA respondents. The most common screening techniques were a single 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) recording (240/288 respondents, 83.3%) or &#8805;24-h Holter monitoring (181/288, 62.8%). The ERA/EDTA respondents still more frequently chose pulse palpation (67.4%), whereas the EHRA respondents more frequently opted for a cardiac rhythm monitoring strategy using a handheld device, telemetry, Holter monitoring, an implantable cardiac monitor, or cardiac implantable electronic device memory readings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Patients with CKD on hemodialysis (HD) represent the "perfect storm" for arrhythmogenesis with a myriad of contributing factors, including underlying structural heart disease, inflammation, autonomic imbalance, electrolyte disorders, hemodynamic stress, and fluid balance fluctuations. Novel, portable, and easy-to-use technologies can be a convenient tool for AF screening, especially in high-risk populations. In this issue, Carvalho et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> evaluated 388 patients (female, 40.7%; mean age 56.8 years old, SD &#177; 14.7; hemodialysis time 27 months, 10-57) during a HD session using a portable gadget with a single-lead recording (MyDiagnostick<sup>&#174;</sup>) to search AF. Each participant was only tracked in a single session. Screening was positive in 16 (4.1%) patients. AF was confirmed by ECG in 7 (1.8%). Male sex (p=0.019), older age (p=0.007), altered baseline ECG (p&lt;0.001), increased serum potassium (p=0.021), reduced systolic blood pressure at the start of dialysis (p=0.007) and stable angina (0.011) were associated with positive screening. The device presented a specificity of 91.74% (95% CI 86.65% to 96.91%) and sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 100% to 100%), with a negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI 100% to 100%) for AF screening. The authors concluded that the use of this device proved to be practical, with high sensitivity and excellent negative predictive value. Subclinical AF has a high prevalence, almost 3-fold higher than that of the general population, and may be underestimated in this population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As a limitation of the study, the actual prevalence may be underestimated due to screening during a single hemodialysis session, which occurs in just two moments, as AF can present in a paroxysmal form, unlike surveillance with continuous monitoring technology. Using implantable loop recorder monitoring, Koplan et al. detected new AF in approximately one-third of patients with CKD on hemodialysis (18 of 59 subjects) in 6 months. Comparing these findings with previous data evaluating the incidence of AF in a general population with largely normal kidney function at similar age ranges (the Rotterdam study), the incidence of AF in this cohort of patients with CKD on dialysis was more than 10-fold higher. Among patients with AF &gt;6 minutes, 19 of 23 (83%) had a CHA2DS2-VASc score &#8805;2 or with substantially increased risks of stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Likewise, the French study of 71 patients with CKD undergoing HD, of whom 12 (17%) had previously been diagnosed with AF or flutter. When using ILR, the overall AF prevalence was 37%, and de novo AF was detected in 20% during a mean follow-up of 21 months.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Similarly, an Australian study of 50 patients with KF on HD found new-onset paroxysmal AF in 28% of patients over a mean follow-up of 18 months.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the era of preventive medicine, point-of-care testing, utilizing accessible technologies and tools, to screen and prevent predictable complications, receives significant interest for various applications and is certainly welcome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> With wearable technology becoming increasingly available, the potential to reduce stroke and mortality in this vulnerable population may enable us to transition from "check your pulse always" to "check your ECG always" in the very near future.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation Screening in Dialytic Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Using Portable Device</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
