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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">znHg4ThqW4fybSNPSXZt7jS</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000200207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250133</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preditores de Readmiss&#227;o Hospitalar Ap&#243;s Cirurgia de Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica &#8211; Reflex&#245;es e Perspectivas</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4894-6116</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Issa</surname>
            <given-names>Aurora Felice Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">IDOMED</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">IDOMED, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Aurora Felice Castro Issa</bold> &#8226; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia &#8211; Rua das Laranjeiras, 374. CEP <postal-code>22240-006</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>auroraissa@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20250133</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Readmiss&#227;o do Paciente</kwd>
        <kwd>Cirurgia Geral</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Aspectos como o alto custo do cuidado em sa&#250;de, a sobrecarga dos profissionais de sa&#250;de e o envelhecimento populacional com consequente aumento das doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas evidenciam a necessidade de aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; qualidade na assist&#234;ncia cardiovascular de alta complexidade, especialmente na cirurgia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Nesse cen&#225;rio, os indicadores de qualidade apresentam-se como instrumento de extrema import&#226;ncia na avalia&#231;&#227;o assistencial.</p>
    <p>V&#225;rios s&#227;o os indicadores de qualidade atualmente dispon&#237;veis e um deles &#233; a taxa de readmiss&#227;o hospitalar que pode ser vista como um desfecho muitas vezes utilizado como secund&#225;rio e apesar de ser bastante promissor, depende da metodologia utilizada na coleta do dado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A an&#225;lise de uma coorte do banco de dados do estudo REPLICCAR II, com 1387 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CRM) em 5 centros em S&#227;o Paulo revelou que fatores como menor &#237;ndice de massa corporal, hist&#243;rico de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio, diabetes mellitus, insufici&#234;ncia renal e um elevado escore <italic>Society of Thoracic Surgeon</italic> estiveram fortemente associados a um maior risco de readmiss&#227;o por todas as causas em at&#233; 5 anos. A incid&#234;ncia cumulativa de readmiss&#227;o foi de 27,69%, com tempo m&#233;dio de retorno ao hospital de 2,4 anos ap&#243;s a cirurgia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Essa an&#225;lise coloca em evid&#234;ncia preditores que influenciam diretamente esse desfecho, refor&#231;ando a necessidade de abordagens preventivas e modelos preditivos mais precisos para otimizar os resultados a longo prazo de pacientes submetidos &#224; CRM. A aus&#234;ncia de alguns dados impossibilita uma an&#225;lise mais minuciosa das causas de readmiss&#227;o e poss&#237;veis interven&#231;&#245;es a serem realizadas, sendo mencionadas apenas se foram readmiss&#245;es eletivas ou de emerg&#234;ncia sem terem sido descritos o diagn&#243;stico e o tempo de dura&#231;&#227;o das interna&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>O estudo utilizou como metodologia de acompanhamento o contato telef&#244;nico. Mais da metade dos pacientes do n&#250;mero total do banco de dados (N=4045) n&#227;o p&#244;de ser contatado. Vieses de an&#225;lise na perda desses pacientes podem ter ocorrido, pela possibilidade de que outros fatores de risco poderiam estar associados com o desfecho final. A readmiss&#227;o hospitalar esteve associada a maior mortalidade, portanto esse dado levanta a possibilidade de que pacientes que possam ter evolu&#237;do a &#243;bito e n&#227;o puderam ser contatados tenham em algum momento sido readmitidos.</p>
    <p>Um aspecto importante levantado pelo estudo foi justamente a necessidade de unifica&#231;&#227;o de banco de dados de cirurgia card&#237;aca no Brasil. Um banco se est&#225; relacionado ao Sistema de Informa&#231;&#227;o de Mortalidade dispon&#237;vel no Brasil, traz a informa&#231;&#227;o real dos pacientes de uma an&#225;lise que foram a &#243;bito.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Refor&#231;a-se, portanto, a import&#226;ncia do relacionamento dos centros de pesquisa com dados do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de.</p>
    <p>Bancos de dados nacionais representam realmente uma estrat&#233;gia dif&#237;cil de ser atingida na maioria das na&#231;&#245;es, por&#233;m exemplos como o da Dinamarca evidenciam o &#234;xito na an&#225;lise de patologias espec&#237;ficas. J&#225; est&#227;o bem consolidados no pa&#237;s h&#225; mais de 40 anos; o DBCG (<italic>Danish Breast Cancer Group</italic>) foi o primeiro com prop&#243;sito de pesquisa e o DLCR (<italic>Danish Lung Cancer Register</italic>) foi o primeiro que teve como foco prim&#225;rio a qualidade do cuidado. O <italic>Danish Heart Regi</italic>stry &#233; um banco de dados nacional que coleta dados m&#233;dicos e administrativos de pacientes que realizam procedimentos cardiol&#243;gicos invasivos e cir&#250;rgicos e &#233; utilizado para fins de an&#225;lise e planejamento de qualidade assistencial e de remunera&#231;&#227;o &#224;s institui&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Trata-se da transi&#231;&#227;o de um modelo baseado em volume para um focado na gera&#231;&#227;o de valor.</p>
    <p>Uma avalia&#231;&#227;o dos centros participantes em um estudo que avalia a qualidade assistencial em cirurgia card&#237;aca &#233; fundamental na an&#225;lise dos resultados. J&#225; foi demonstrado, inclusive, que a mortalidade cir&#250;rgica de diferentes cirurgi&#245;es card&#237;acos variou de acordo com a institui&#231;&#227;o em que as cirurgias foram realizadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m dos dados analisados no estudo, existem tamb&#233;m estudos que demonstraram signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica quanto &#224; readmiss&#227;o ap&#243;s cirurgia card&#237;aca quando foram analisados dados socioecon&#244;micos e tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o durante a cirurgia card&#237;aca, sendo inequidades no acesso &#224; cirurgia e tempo mais prolongado de interna&#231;&#227;o fatores que aumentam a chance de admiss&#227;o a m&#233;dio e longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Mecanismos de medi&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o realmente essenciais para uma cultura de seguran&#231;a e qualidade assistencial, e demonstram a exist&#234;ncia de um caminho a ser seguido. Ap&#243;s a coleta de dados, &#233; preciso realizar a an&#225;lise deles que deve ser seguida por elabora&#231;&#227;o de um plano de a&#231;&#227;o de melhorias e implementa&#231;&#227;o do mesmo visando a melhoria no cuidado aos pacientes submetidos &#224; CRM.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Preditores Pr&#233;-Operat&#243;rios de Readmiss&#227;o Hospitalar em at&#233; 5 Anos ap&#243;s CRM: An&#225;lise de Coorte do Banco de Dados REPLICCAR II</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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        <mixed-citation>9 Brlecic PE, Hogan KJ, Treffalls JA, Sylvester CB, Coselli JS, Moon MR, et al. Safety of Early Discharge after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Nationwide Readmissions Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2024;118(3):701-10. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.05.045.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20250133i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictors of Hospital Readmission After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting &#8211; Reflections and Perspectives</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4894-6116</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Issa</surname>
            <given-names>Aurora Felice Castro</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">IDOMED, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Aurora Felice Castro Issa</bold> &#8226; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia &#8211; Rua das Laranjeiras, 374. Postal Code <postal-code>22240-006</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>auroraissa@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Patient Readmission</kwd>
        <kwd>General Surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Aspects such as the high cost of health care, the overload of health professionals, and the aging population with the consequent increase in chronic diseases highlight the need for attention to quality in highly complex cardiovascular care, especially in cardiac surgery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In this scenario, quality indicators are an extremely important instrument in the evaluation of care.</p>
      <p>There are several quality indicators currently available, and one of them is the hospital readmission rate, which can be seen as an outcome often used as secondary and, despite being quite promising, depends on the methodology used to collect the data.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Analysis of a cohort from the REPLICCAR II study database of 1,387 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 5 centers in S&#227;o Paulo revealed that factors such as lower body mass index, history of myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and a high Society of Thoracic Surgeon score were strongly associated with a higher risk of all-cause readmission within 5 years. The cumulative incidence of readmission was 27.69%, with a mean time to return to the hospital of 2.4 years after surgery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This analysis highlights predictors that directly influence this outcome, reinforcing the need for preventive approaches and more accurate predictive models to optimize long-term results for patients undergoing CABG. The absence of some data makes it impossible to conduct a more detailed analysis of the causes of readmission and possible interventions, with only elective or emergency readmissions mentioned without describing the diagnosis and length of hospitalization.</p>
      <p>The study used telephone contact as a follow-up methodology. More than half of the patients in the total number of patients in the database (N=4045) could not be contacted. Analysis biases in the loss of these patients may have occurred due to the possibility that other risk factors could be associated with the outcome. Hospital readmission was associated with higher mortality; therefore, this data raises the possibility that patients who may have died and could not be contacted were readmitted at some point.</p>
      <p>An important aspect raised by the study was precisely the need to unify the cardiac surgery database in Brazil. A database that is linked to the Mortality Information System available in Brazil provides real information on patients who died from an analysis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This reinforces the importance of the relationship between research centers and data from the Ministry of Health.</p>
      <p>National databases are indeed a difficult strategy to achieve in most nations, but examples such as Denmark demonstrate success in analyzing specific pathologies. They have been well established in the country for over 40 years; the DBCG (Danish Breast Cancer Group) was the first with a research purpose and the DLCR (Danish Lung Cancer Register) was the first with a primary focus on quality of care. The Danish Heart Registry is a national database that collects medical and administrative data on patients undergoing invasive and surgical cardiological procedures and is used for the purposes of analyzing and planning care quality and remuneration for institutions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> This is the transition from a model based on volume to one focused on value generation.</p>
      <p>An assessment of the centers participating in a study that assesses the quality of care in cardiac surgery is essential in the analysis of the results. It has even been demonstrated that the surgical mortality of different cardiac surgeons varied according to the institution where the surgeries were performed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In addition to the data analyzed in the study, some studies demonstrated statistical significance regarding readmission after cardiac surgery when socioeconomic data and length of hospital stay during cardiac surgery were analyzed, with inequities in access to surgery and longer hospital stays being factors that increase the chance of admission in the medium and long term.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Measurement mechanisms are truly essential for a culture of safety and quality of care and demonstrate the existence of a path to be followed. After collecting data, it is necessary to analyze it, which should be followed by the development of an action plan for improvements and its implementation, aiming at improving the care of patients undergoing CABG.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Preoperative Predictors of Hospital Readmission within 5 Years Following CABG: Cohort Analysis of the REPLICCAR II Database</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
