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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">BzpB5VvyMy5R3hR5vgZsGWN</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000200303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240339</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An&#225;lise do Conte&#250;do de Aplicativos M&#243;veis Brasileiros Voltados ao Controle da Press&#227;o Arterial: Uma Busca Sistem&#225;tica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-0011-9991</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Johann</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Braghini</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-3900-7195</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Baggio</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pauli</surname>
            <given-names>Nicolle Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dilli</surname>
            <given-names>Artur</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ilkiu</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael Teixeira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7883-6746</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ritti-Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Raphael Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gerage</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Grupo de pesquisa em exerc&#237;cio cl&#237;nico</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Grupo de pesquisa em exerc&#237;cio cl&#237;nico (GPEC) &#8211; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Desportos</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Florian&#243;polis</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Centro de Desportos &#8211; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Nove de Julho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Universidade Nove de Julho, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia</label>: Eduardo Braghini Johann &#8226; Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade &#8211; Rua Dep. Ant&#244;nio Edu Vieira, s/n. CEP 88040-001, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>eduardobjohann@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Paulo B. Veiga Jardim</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240339</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>Este &#233; um artigo de acesso aberto distribu&#237;do sob os termos da licen&#231;a de atribui&#231;&#227;o pelo Creative Commons</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> V&#225;rios Aplicativos (apps) foram desenvolvidos para auxiliar no manejo da hipertens&#227;o, mas pouco se sabe sobre a qualidade desses apps no cen&#225;rio brasileiro,</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Identificar e analisar a qualidade dos apps que visam o controle da press&#227;o arterial (PA) dispon&#237;veis em portugu&#234;s.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Uma busca sistem&#225;tica foi realizada nas lojas virtuais de apps do Brasil nos sistemas operacionais Android e iOS de novembro de 2021 a mar&#231;o de 2022, com uma atualiza&#231;&#227;o em mar&#231;o de 2024. A busca baseou-se nos padr&#245;es de revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica (PRISMA), utilizando palavras-chaves pr&#233;-definidas, incluindo apps em portugu&#234;s, gratuitos e dispon&#237;veis para uso durante a busca. Tr&#234;s revisores independentes analisaram os apps usando a escala de cinco pontos MARS (Mobile App Rating Scale), e tamb&#233;m quanto &#224; presen&#231;a de ferramentas e conte&#250;dos sobre controle da hipertens&#227;o.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Cinquenta e seis apps preencheram os crit&#233;rios para extra&#231;&#227;o dos dados. A ferramenta mais prevalente foi o registro dos valores da PA (98%). A ferramenta para ades&#227;o aos medicamentos e lembretes para seu uso esteve presente em somente 29% e 34% dos apps, respectivamente. A m&#233;dia do escore MARS foi 3,4 &#177; 0,74 e 3,1 &#177; 0,61 para os apps do sistema Android e do sistema iOS, respectivamente. O item mais bem avaliado foi &#8220;funcionalidade&#8221; tanto para os apps Android como iOS.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> O presente estudo identificou v&#225;rios apps de qualidade aceit&#225;vel direcionados ao monitoramento da PA. Contudo, a maioria deles n&#227;o inclu&#237;am fatores importantes relacionados ao controle da doen&#231;a particularmente em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; ades&#227;o ao tratamento, atividade f&#237;sica e presen&#231;a de comorbidades.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura Central:</label>
            <caption>
              <title>An&#225;lise do Conte&#250;do de Aplicativos M&#243;veis Brasileiros Voltados ao Controle da Press&#227;o Arterial: Uma Busca Sistem&#225;tica</title>
              <p>
                <italic>HAS: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica.</italic>
              </p>
            </caption>
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      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Sa&#250;de Digital</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicina</kwd>
        <kwd>Assist&#234;ncia M&#233;dica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="8"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="29"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), um dos principais fatores de risco para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o prevalente na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta e associada a altos custos para a sa&#250;de p&#250;blica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Apesar da comprovada efic&#225;cia dos medicamentos e das abordagens ao estilo de vida, a maioria dos pacientes hipertensos n&#227;o t&#234;m a doen&#231;a sob controle.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Um rastreamento global conduzido em 54 pa&#237;ses revelou que as taxas de conhecimento, tratamento e de controle da press&#227;o arterial (PA) foram mais baixas que o esperado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Entre as principais raz&#245;es para esse fato, destaca-se a baixa ades&#227;o ao tratamento, seja medicamentoso ou n&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Assim, estrat&#233;gias visando aumentar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo continua um desafio contempor&#226;neo. Isso ressalta a necessidade de se investir em novos m&#233;todos de interven&#231;&#227;o no manejo da HAS, abordando os principais fatores relacionados ao controle da PA.</p>
      <p>Os smartphones s&#227;o os principais equipamentos utilizados para acessar a Internet,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> totalizando 249 milh&#245;es no Brasil. Assim, existe um interesse crescente em entender o potencial de aplicativos (apps) m&#243;veis direcionados a melhorar a sa&#250;de de v&#225;rias popula&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Para pacientes hipertensos, existem v&#225;rios apps dispon&#237;veis com diversos recursos, como alarmes e lembretes para tomar a medica&#231;&#227;o, registro de n&#237;veis de PA, e conte&#250;do educativo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Contudo, uma busca sistem&#225;tica indicou que a maioria dos apps na l&#237;ngua inglesa s&#227;o de baixa qualidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> N&#227;o se sabe se resultados similares ocorrem com apps em portugu&#234;s. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo &#233; realizar uma busca sistem&#225;tica para descrever as caracter&#237;sticas e analisar a qualidade dos apps m&#243;veis direcionados ao manejo da PA, dispon&#237;veis m portugu&#234;s.</p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura Central</xref> resume os principais achados do estudo.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Estrat&#233;gia de busca e sele&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Realizou-se uma busca sistem&#225;tica de apps m&#243;veis que visassem o manejo da PA nas lojas virtuais de apps do App Store e do Google Play Store, nos sistemas operacionais Android e iOS, respectivamente. A busca seguiu os padr&#245;es PRISMA de revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> usando os termos &#8220;hipertens&#227;o&#8221;, &#8220;press&#227;o arterial&#8221;, e &#8220;press&#227;o alta&#8221;. A sele&#231;&#227;o dos apps baseou-se nas informa&#231;&#245;es contidas na loja virtual, tais como o t&#237;tulo, a descri&#231;&#227;o e a foto inicial do app. Foram selecionados para o presente estudo apps em portugu&#234;s, gratuitos e dispon&#237;veis para uso durante a busca. Nos casos de apps que possu&#237;am uma vers&#227;o gratuita e uma vers&#227;o premium, somente a primeira foi analisada; em caso de app duplicado, a escolha do sistema em analisar o app foi aleat&#243;ria (propor&#231;&#227;o 1:1, em blocos de dois). Apps considerados irrelevantes ao t&#243;pico e apps em idioma diferente de portugu&#234;s foram exclu&#237;dos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Coleta de dados</title>
        <p>A coleta de dados foi realizada por tr&#234;s pesquisadores independentes entre novembro de 2021 e mar&#231;o de 2022, com atualiza&#231;&#227;o em mar&#231;o de 2024 para verifica&#231;&#227;o de novos apps. O primeiro investigador realizou a busca pelo sistema iOS usando um smartphone iPhone XR, o segundo realizou a busca pelo sistema Android usando um smartphone ASUS ZenFone Max Shot e o terceiro por ambos os sistemas (usando um iPhone 8 Plus e um Moto G7 Play), a fim de comparar as informa&#231;&#245;es coletadas pelos outros. Cada pesquisador extraiu os dados dos apps, realizando o <italic>download</italic> e os testando em seus aparelhos celulares.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise dos apps</title>
        <p>Os apps foram analisados em uma planilha quanto aos seguintes dados: registro de comorbidades, valores de PA, medicamentos em uso, e pr&#225;tica de Atividade F&#237;sica (AF, medida ou capturada), presen&#231;a de conte&#250;dos educativos relacionados ao tema, e grupos/f&#243;runs de apoio, e possibilidade de exportar os dados. Parcerias com institui&#231;&#245;es ou organiza&#231;&#245;es em constru&#231;&#227;o foram tamb&#233;m analisadas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Classifica&#231;&#227;o da qualidade do app</title>
        <p>A escala MARS (<italic>Mobile App Rating Scale</italic>) foi usada para classificar os apps pela qualidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> O instrumento consiste em quatro sess&#245;es distintas; em cada sess&#227;o, &#8220;A&#8221; tem como objetivo avaliar engajamento, &#8220;B&#8221; visa avaliar a funcionalidade, &#8220;C&#8221; a est&#233;tica, e &#8220;D&#8221; a informa&#231;&#227;o. Essas sess&#245;es incluem 19 perguntas, cada uma com uma escala de cinco pontos &#8211; 1 inadequado, 2 baixo, 3 aceit&#225;vel, 4 bom, 5 excelente. Embora o instrumento inclua uma sess&#227;o de avalia&#231;&#227;o subjetiva, representada pela letra &#8220;E&#8221; e mais quatro perguntas, essa sess&#227;o n&#227;o foi utilizada no presente estudo. O escore total do app foi calculado pela m&#233;dia de todas as quatro sess&#245;es.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas em frequ&#234;ncia absoluta e relativa, e as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram apresentadas em m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o. Para analisar a qualidade dos apps, foi analisado o escore m&#233;dio em cada sess&#227;o. As caracter&#237;sticas e a qualidade dos apps para o manejo da PA foram comparadas usando o teste do qui-quadrado para comparar propor&#231;&#245;es (vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas) e o teste t de Student n&#227;o pareado para comparar as m&#233;dias, se a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados fosse normal (teste de Shapiro-Wilk). Foi adotado um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%, e as an&#225;lises foram realizadas no programa SPSS vers&#227;o 20.0.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Um total de 993 apps foram identificados pela busca nos sistemas iOS e Android. Ap&#243;s a leitura dos t&#237;tulos e descri&#231;&#245;es dos apps, 760 foram exclu&#237;dos, restando 233 eleg&#237;veis para revis&#227;o. Depois que os apps foram baixados e filtrados quanto aos crit&#233;rios, 56 preencheram os crit&#233;rios para extra&#231;&#227;o dos dados, 26 dispon&#237;veis no Android e 30 dispon&#237;veis no iOS. O processo completo encontra-se ilustrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Processo de sele&#231;&#227;o do aplicativo.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240339-40339-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Um resumo das caracter&#237;sticas dos apps &#233; encontrado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Resumo das ferramentas dos aplicativos avaliados</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="20%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">Total (n=56) n (%)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">Android (n=26) n (%)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">iOS (n=30) n (%)</th>
                <th>Valor p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Press&#227;o arterial</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Registro da press&#227;o arterial</td>
                <td align="center">55 (98)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (100)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (97)</td>
                <td align="center">1,000</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Medicamentos</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Medicamentos usados</td>
                <td align="center">16 (29)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (35)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (23)</td>
                <td align="center">0,388</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Lembrete para tomar medica&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">19 (34)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (50)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (20)</td>
                <td align="center">0,025</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Outros recursos</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Registro de comorbidades</td>
                <td align="center">8 (14)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (23)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (7)</td>
                <td align="center">0,127</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AF medida ou relatada</td>
                <td align="center">11 (20)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (23)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (17)</td>
                <td align="center">0,738</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de</td>
                <td align="center">14 (25)</td>
                <td align="center">8 (31)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (20)</td>
                <td align="center">0,375</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Possibilidade de exportar os dados</td>
                <td align="center">12 (21)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (8)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (33)</td>
                <td align="center">0,025</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>F&#243;runs</td>
                <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (8)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,211</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Parceria com organiza&#231;&#245;es em sa&#250;de</td>
                <td align="center">3 (5)</td>
                <td align="center">3 (12)</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,094</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>
                <italic>AF: atividade f&#237;sica.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>A ferramenta relacionada ao registro dos valores de PA esteve presente em 98% dos apps. Somente 29% dos apps solicitaram registro dos medicamentos utilizados, e somente 34% tinha alertas para lembrar o seu uso; isso foi mais comum nos apps de Android (50%) que nos de iOS (20%) (p=0,025). A op&#231;&#227;o de incluir comorbidades esteve presente em 14,0% dos apps. Somente 20% dos apps analisados apresentaram a possibilidade de capturar ou relatar AF, e 25% ofereceram conte&#250;do de educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de para controle da HAS. Ainda, 21% dos apps possu&#237;am a funcionalidade de exportar os dados, sendo mais frequentes nos apps iOS (33%) em compara&#231;&#227;o aos apps de Android (8%) (p=0,025). Somente 4% tinham f&#243;runs de discuss&#227;o e 5% tinham parceria com uma organiza&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Qualidade do aplicativo</title>
        <p>O escore m&#233;dio da qualidade dos apps foi 3,2&#177;0,69. O escore mais alto foi para a funcionalidade dos aparelhos (3.7&#177;0.73), enquanto a an&#225;lise da informa&#231;&#227;o recebeu o escore mais baixo (3,0&#177;0,71). Ao comparar os escores dos apps do sistema Android com os escores dos apps do sistema iOS, observou-se uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa em termos de informa&#231;&#227;o (p=0,001), com melhor avalia&#231;&#227;o dos apps de Android (3,3&#177;0,70 vs. 2,7&#177;0,60) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; M&#233;dia da qualidade do aplicativo segundo o instrumento MARS (<italic>Mobile App Rating Scale</italic>) de Stoyanov<bold>1</bold></title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="20%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Subescalas MARS</th>
                  <th>Total</th>
                  <th>Android</th>
                  <th>iOS</th>
                  <th>Valor p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Engajamento</td>
                  <td align="center">3,1 (,72)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,2 (,74)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,0 (,69)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,211</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Funcionalidade</td>
                  <td align="center">3,7 (,73)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,8 (,86)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,5 (,58)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,107</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Est&#233;tica</td>
                  <td align="center">3,2 (,75)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,3 (,79)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,1 (,72)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,361</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Informa&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">3,0 (,71)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,3 (,70)</td>
                  <td align="center">2,7 (,60)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Escore MARS global*</td>
                  <td align="center">3,2 (,69)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,4 (,74)</td>
                  <td align="center">3,1 (,61)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,080</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>
                  <italic>MARS: Mobile App Rating Scale; dados apresentados em m&#233;dia (desvio padr&#227;o). *M&#233;dia das quatro subescalas objetivas.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aplicativos iOS com as m&#233;dias mais altas</title>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> apresenta os cinco apps dispon&#237;veis na App Store mais bem avaliados pelo MARS.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Os cinco aplicativos iOS mais bem avaliados pelo <italic>Mobile App Rating Scale</italic> (MARS)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="17%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                  <th colspan="5">Apps iOS</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>Mappa</th>
                  <th>AMPA</th>
                  <th>Blood Pressure Calendar</th>
                  <th>Blood Pressure Control</th>
                  <th>Elfie</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Escore MARS</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">3,7</td>
                  <td align="center">3,9</td>
                  <td align="center">3,9</td>
                  <td align="center">4,0</td>
                  <td align="center">4,5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dados pessoais</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Press&#227;o arterial</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Registro dos valores</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Medicamentos</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medicamentos utilizados</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Lembrete para o uso</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Outros recursos</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Registro de comorbidades</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AF capturada ou relatada</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Possibilidade de exportar dados registrados</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>F&#243;runs</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Parceria com organiza&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>
                  <italic>AF: atividade f&#237;sica.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Todos os apps do sistema iOS que receberam os escores MARS mais altos possu&#237;am uma ferramenta para o registro das PAs. Dos cinco apps, tr&#234;s possu&#237;am alguma forma de medir a quantidade de AF praticada pelo indiv&#237;duo com HAS.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aplicativos do Android com as maiores m&#233;dias de MARS</title>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref> apresenta os cinco apps dispon&#237;veis na loja virtual do sistema Android mais bem avaliados pelo MARS.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Os cinco aplicativos dispon&#237;veis no sistema Android mais bem avaliados pelo Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="17%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="2">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                  <th colspan="5">Android apps</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>Blood pressure - Blood journal</th>
                  <th>Heart monitor: blood pressure diary</th>
                  <th>Blood pressure (bpresso)</th>
                  <th>UCS Digital Health</th>
                  <th>Blood Pressure Diary</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Escore MARS</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">4,0</td>
                  <td align="center">4,0</td>
                  <td align="center">4,0</td>
                  <td align="center">4,1</td>
                  <td align="center">4,5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Dados pessoais</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Press&#227;o arterial</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Registro dos valores</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Medicamentos</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medicamentos utilizados</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Lembrete para o uso</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Outros recursos</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Registro de comorbidades</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>AF capturada ou relatada</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">x</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Possibilidade de exportar dados registrados</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>F&#243;runs</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Parceria com organiza&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN4">
                <p>
                  <italic>AF: atividade f&#237;sica.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Os cinco apps Android mais bem avaliados tamb&#233;m apresentavam um formul&#225;rio para registro da PA. Somente dois dos apps apresentaram alguma maneira de medir a AF nos indiv&#237;duos com HAS. A lista completa de apps avaliados e seus respectivos escores na escala MARS est&#227;o dispon&#237;veis no material suplementar. Al&#233;m disso, na atualiza&#231;&#227;o de 2024, observou-se que nove apps foram suspensos, quatro no sistema Android e cinco no sistema iOS (destacados no material suplementar).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O objetivo do estudo foi identificar e analisar apps de dispositivos m&#243;veis que visavam o controle da PA, dispon&#237;veis em portugu&#234;s nas duas principais plataformas &#8211; App Store e Google Play. Entre os principais achados, destaca-se que 55 apps (98%) apresentaram a op&#231;&#227;o de registrar os valores de PA, enquanto a ferramenta para ades&#227;o ao uso de medicamentos esteve presente em somente 16 apps (29%), e lembrete para o uso de medicamentos em 19 apps (34%). A rela&#231;&#227;o entre o manejo da PA e a pr&#225;tica de AF n&#227;o atingiu &#188; dos apps. A m&#233;dia de escore MARS global foi 3,2 &#177; 0,69, com informa&#231;&#227;o, engajamento, est&#233;tica e funcionalidade em ordem ascendente de escores na escala MARS.</p>
      <p>O automonitoramento da PA parece indicar melhor controle dos valores de PA<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> e estar associado a maior ades&#227;o medicamentosa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> No entanto, poucos apps (21%) ofereceram a possibilidade de exportar os valores de PA e a op&#231;&#227;o de gerar relat&#243;rios com gr&#225;ficos e tabelas, dificultando a comunica&#231;&#227;o entre o m&#233;dico o paciente. Em um estudo pr&#233;vio, cerca de metade dos apps (44%) analisados tinham op&#231;&#227;o de exportar os dados preenchidos pelos participantes, facilitando o compartilhamento dos dados com profissionais de sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Outro estudo relatou que a principal funcionalidade dos apps analisados foi o conte&#250;do educacional fornecido sobre a doen&#231;a (59,1%), e a segunda foi a op&#231;&#227;o de automonitoramento da doen&#231;a (53,2%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup>Por&#233;m, os autores relataram que os conte&#250;dos educacionais n&#227;o foram verificados para analisar a qualidade da informa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Embora a baixa ades&#227;o ao tratamento farmacol&#243;gico por pacientes hipertensos j&#225; tenha sido bem demonstrada,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> os apps analisados pouco exploravam ferramentas para aumentar a ades&#227;o ao tratamento medicamentoso. Metan&#225;lises mostraram que os apps com ferramentas que visavam o controle do tratamento farmacol&#243;gico tendiam a aumentar a ades&#227;o ao uso dos medicamentos prescritos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Portanto, os apps devem possuir um sistema de emiss&#227;o de notifica&#231;&#245;es, pelo preenchimento pr&#233;vio dos hor&#225;rios dos medicamentos, para lembrar os usu&#225;rios a tomarem seus medicamentos nos hor&#225;rios prescritos, facilitando a ades&#227;o aos medicamentos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Mudan&#231;as comportamentais s&#227;o fundamentais no controle da PA, mas observamos que os apps brasileiros fazem pouca abordagem sobre essa quest&#227;o em suas funcionalidades. No presente estudo, somente 14 (25%) apresentaram ferramentas cujo objetivo era educa&#231;&#227;o em sa&#250;de dos usu&#225;rios, e 12 (20%) dos apps continham ferramentas que facilitaram a ades&#227;o &#224; AF. A promo&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;a comportamental pelo mHealth (ou sa&#250;de m&#243;vel) tem sido investigada nos &#250;ltimos anos, e parece direcionar os indiv&#237;duos para h&#225;bitos mais saud&#225;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup>Embora mais estudos sejam necess&#225;rios para comprovar a efetividade das caracter&#237;sticas para aumentar comportamentos positivos, &#233; importante que apps explorem essas vari&#225;veis para encorajar comportamentos preventivos relacionados ao estilo de vida para o tratamento n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gico de indiv&#237;duos hipertensos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>No contexto de uma avalia&#231;&#227;o mais qualitativa baseada na escala MARS, a vari&#225;vel funcionalidade foi a mais bem avaliada (3,7&#177;0,73 de 5). As compara&#231;&#245;es entre os escores obtidos pelos apps Android e pelos apps iOS mostraram que, em todas as subescalas, os apps dispon&#237;veis no sistema Android obtiveram uma leve vantagem, com uma diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa (p=0,001) somente para o aspecto da informa&#231;&#227;o. Podemos observar similaridades com estudos pr&#233;vios, nos quais a categoria objetiva com o escore MARS mais alto foi funcionalidade, com uma m&#233;dia global de 3,5 em 5,0. No entanto, diferentemente do presente estudo, em um estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> avaliando apps dispon&#237;veis nas lojas oficiais dos sistemas Android e iOS na Holanda relataram um escore MARS similar entre os apps do sistema Android e os apps do sistema iOS (2.63 vs 2.64).</p>
      <p>Vale ainda mencionar que as fontes de informa&#231;&#227;o dos apps inclu&#237;dos neste estudo eram ausentes ou de baixa qualidade. Outros estudos tamb&#233;m relataram baixa qualidade da fonte de informa&#231;&#245;es presentes nos apps.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> Essa baixa qualidade e/ou falta de informa&#231;&#227;o pode resultar no uso incorreto do app, uma vez que muitos usu&#225;rios n&#227;o familiares com o app podem inserir ou interpretar os dados de maneira errada. Assim, &#233; importante que os apps foquem em interfaces simples, design atraente, textos claros e objetivos, para facilitar seu uso.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em nosso conhecimento, existe somente um estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> publicado que avaliou um app com foco no controle da PA, dispon&#237;vel na l&#237;ngua portuguesa. Esse estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> foi uma revis&#227;o narrativa, em que os autores realizaram uma busca somente do Google Play Store, incluindo um total de 267 apps. Nesse estudo, os autores listaram os apps por categoria, n&#250;mero e principais funcionalidades, e destacaram que a maioria dos apps tinham fins de entretenimento, com funcionalidades sem car&#225;ter cient&#237;fico, enfatizando a import&#226;ncia de um melhor controle em rela&#231;&#227;o ao desenvolvimento e &#224; disponibilidade de apps de mHealth.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> O presente estudo, ent&#227;o, oferece informa&#231;&#245;es pertinentes sobre a qualidade, a funcionalidade, a est&#233;tica, o engajamento e informa&#231;&#245;es dos apps dispon&#237;veis na l&#237;ngua portuguesa. Ainda, nosso estudo descreve diferen&#231;as entre apps dispon&#237;veis no sistema Android e iOS.</p>
      <p>Este estudo tem limita&#231;&#245;es, como a n&#227;o inclus&#227;o de apps pagos ou a an&#225;lise apenas das vers&#245;es mais simples, o que limita nossas conclus&#245;es. Por se tratar de um estudo transversal, mudan&#231;as nas tend&#234;ncias da funcionalidade dos apps n&#227;o s&#227;o consideradas. Al&#233;m disso, o fato de que apps duplicados em ambas as lojas (Android e iOS) tenham sido analisados em uma &#250;nica plataforma, de maneira aleat&#243;ria, deveria ser considerado na interpreta&#231;&#227;o de nossos resultados.</p>
      <p>No presente estudo, identificamos o n&#250;mero de apps dedicados ao controle da PA dispon&#237;veis no idioma portugu&#234;s nos sistemas Android e iOS. A maioria dos apps apresentavam uma qualidade aceit&#225;vel, mas, em geral, n&#227;o eram abrangentes em termos dos fatores relacionados ao controle da PA. N&#227;o existem estudos avaliando a efic&#225;cia desses apps, destacando a necessidade de realiza&#231;&#227;o de estudos para esse fim. Ainda, nossos resultados enfatizam a import&#226;ncia de se desenvolver apps que promovam maior ades&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica e n&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica, e maior confiabilidade a profissionais de sa&#250;de recomendarem o seu uso, dado que o baixo conhecimento sobre apps &#233; uma barreira para sua recomenda&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Content Analysis of Brazilian Mobile Applications Targeting Blood Pressure Management: A Systematic Search</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0007-0011-9991</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Johann</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Braghini</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-3900-7195</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Baggio</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pauli</surname>
            <given-names>Nicolle Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dilli</surname>
            <given-names>Artur</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ilkiu</surname>
            <given-names>Rafael Teixeira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7883-6746</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ritti-Dias</surname>
            <given-names>Raphael Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gerage</surname>
            <given-names>Aline Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Grupo de pesquisa em exerc&#237;cio cl&#237;nico (GPEC) &#8211; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Centro de Desportos &#8211; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Reabilita&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Universidade Nove de Julho, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><label>Mailing Address</label>: Eduardo Braghini Johann &#8226; Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Centro de Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade &#8211; Rua Dep. Ant&#244;nio Edu Vieira, s/n. Postal Code 88040-001, Florian&#243;polis, SC &#8211; Brazil E-mail: eduardobjohann@gmail.com </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Paulo B. Veiga Jardim</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> Several mobile applications have been developed to assist in managing hypertension, but little is known about their quality in the Brazilian scenario.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p> To identify and analyze the quality of the apps targeting blood pressure (BP) management available in Portuguese.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> A systematic search was carried out through Brazilian virtual app stores in the Android and iOS platforms from November 2021 to March 2022, with an update in March 2024. The search was based on the standards of systematic review (PRISMA), using predefined keywords, including apps in Portuguese, free and available for use during the search. Three independent reviewers analyzed the apps using the five-point Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), and for the presence of tools/content related to the BP control.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> Fifty-six applications met the criteria for data extraction. The most prevalent tool was the recording of BP values (98%). The tool for adherence to medication and reminders to their use was present in only 29% and 34% of the APPs, respectively. The mean overall MARS score was 3.4 &#177; 0.74 and 3.1 &#177; 0.61 for Android and iOS APPs, respectively, which classified then as acceptable. The best rated item was &#8220;functionality&#8221; for both Android and iOS apps.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p> The present study identified numerous apps with acceptable quality aimed at monitoring BP. However, most of them did not include important factors related to disease control, particularly regarding treatment adherence, physical activity and presence of comorbidities.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Central Illustration:</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Content Analysis of Brazilian Mobile Applications Targeting Blood Pressure Management: A Systematic Search</title>
              <p>SAH: systemic arterial hypertension.</p>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240339-40339-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Digital Health</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Telemedicine</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Assistance</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, is a prevalent condition in adult population, associated with high costs for public health.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Despite the proven effectiveness of medication and lifestyle approaches, the majority of hypertensive patients do not have the disease under control.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A global screening conducted in 54 countries found that awareness, treatment, and control rates of blood pressure (BP) were lower than expected.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Among the main reasons for that, low adherence to treatment, whether pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological, stands out.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Therefore, strategies to increase adherence to hypertensive treatment is still a contemporary challenge. This underscores the need to invest in new intervention methods to support the management of SAH, addressing the key factors related to BP control.</p>
        <p>Smartphones are the most used equipment to access the internet,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> totaling 249 million in use in Brazil. Therefore, there is a growing interest in understanding the potential of mobile applications directed to improve health in several populations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> For hypertensive patients, there are several available apps with different resources, such as alarms and reminders to take medication, recording of BP levels, and educational content.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup>However, a systematic search indicated that most of apps in English language are of low quality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Whether similar results occur with apps in Portuguese, is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this systematic search is to describe the features and analyze the quality of the mobile APPs targeting BP management available in Portuguese.</p>
        <p>The <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Central Illustration</xref> summarizes the main findings of the study.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Search and selection strategy</title>
          <p>A systematic search of mobile APPs targeting BP management was carried out in the Brazilian virtual app stores of the App Store and Google Play Store, on the Android and iOS operating platforms, respectively. The search followed the PRISMA standards of systematic review,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> using the terms &#8220;hypertension&#8221;, &#8220;blood pressure&#8221; and &#8220;high blood pressure. The selection was made based on the information contained in the virtual store, such as the app title, description and screen photos. Apps offered in Portuguese, free and available for use during the search were selected for the present study. As for Apps that had a free version and a premium version, only the first one was analyzed. When duplicated, the choice of system to analyze the App was random (1:1 proportion, in blocks of two). Apps irrelevant to the topic, as well as apps in a language other than Portuguese were excluded.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data collection</title>
          <p>Data collection was carried out by three independent researchers from November 2021 to March 2022, with an update in March 2024 for new apps. The first investigator researched through the iOS platform using an iPhone XR smartphone, the second one through the Android platform using an ASUS ZenFone Max Shot smartphone and the third through both platforms (using an iPhone 8 Plus smartphone and a Moto G7 Play smartphone), to compare the information collected by the others. Each investigator extracted data from the apps, downloading and testing them on their respective cell phones.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Application analysis</title>
          <p>The apps were analyzed using a spreadsheet for the following data: recording of comorbidities, BP values, medications used, and practice of physical activity (PA) (either measured or captured), presence of health education content related to the topic and support groups/forums, and possibility of exporting the data. Partnerships with institutions or organizations in construction were also analyzed.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Application&#8217;s quality rating</title>
          <p>To classify the apps&#8217; in terms of quality, the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) was used.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> The instrument consists of four distinct sessions; in which section A is aimed at evaluating engagement, B for functionality, C for aesthetics and the last D, for information. These sessions include 19 questions, each with a five-point scale, with 1 inadequate, 2 poor, 3 acceptable, 4 good and 5 excellent. Although the instrument includes a subjective evaluation section, represented by the letter E with four more questions, for the present study, this section was not used. The APP total score was calculated by the average of all four sections.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Categorical variables were presented in absolute and relative frequency, while continuous variables were shown using means and standard deviation. To analyze the quality of the apps, the average score in each section was analyzed. Characteristics and quality of the mobile apps targeting BP management were compared using the Chi-square test to compare proportions (categorical variables) and unpaired Student&#8217;s t-test to compare means, considering that normality was achieved (Shapiro Wilk test). A significance level of 5% was adopted. The statistical package used was SPSS, version 20.0.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 993 APPs were initially identified in the iOS and Android platforms. After reading the titles and descriptions of the apps, 760 were excluded, leaving 233 eligible for review. After the apps were downloaded and filtered by criteria, 56 met the criteria for data extraction, 26 of which were available on Android and 30 were available on iOS. The complete process is illustrated in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Application selection process.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240339-40339-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Characteristics of the apps are summarized in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Summary of the tools found in the applications</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="20%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variable</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Total (n=56) n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Android (n=26) n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">iOS (n=30) n (%)</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Blood pressure</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Recording of values</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (98)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (97)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.000</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Medicines</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medications used</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (29)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (35)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (23)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.388</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medication reminder</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (34)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (50)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (20)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.025</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Other resources</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Recording of comorbidities</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (14)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (23)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.127</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>PA captured or reported</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (20)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (23)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (17)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.738</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Health education</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (25)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (31)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (20)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.375</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Possibility of exporting data</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (21)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (8)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (33)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.025</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Forums</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (4)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (8)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.211</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Partnership with healthcare organization</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (5)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (12)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.094</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>PA: physical activity.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>The tool related to recording of BP values was present in 98% of APPs. Only 29% of apps requested registration of medications used, and only 34% provided reminders to the use of these medications, which was more common in Android APPs (50%) than iOS (20%) (p=0.025). The option to include comorbid conditions was present in 14.0% of the apps. Only 20% of the analyzed apps had the possibility to capture or report PAs and 25% offered health education content for SAH control. Furthermore, 21% of APPs had the functionality to export data, being more frequent in iOS APPs (33%) compared to Android (8%) (p=0.025). Only 4% had discussion forums and 5% had a partnership with a health organization.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Application quality</title>
          <p>The average score of the quality of the APPs was 3.2&#177;0.69. The highest score was for the functionality of the devices (3.7&#177;0.73), while information analysis received the lowest average (3.0&#177;0.71). When comparing the scores of Android apps with iOS apps, there was a statistically significant difference in terms of information (p=0.001), with Android apps being better evaluated (3.3&#177;0.70 vs 2.7&#177;0.60) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Average application quality using the Mobile App Rating Scale by Stoyanov1</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="20%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">MARS subscales</th>
                    <th>Total</th>
                    <th>Android</th>
                    <th>iOS</th>
                    <th>p-value</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Engagement</td>
                    <td align="center">3.1 (.72)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.2 (.74)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.0 (.69)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.211</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Functionality</td>
                    <td align="center">3.7 (.73)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.8 (.86)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.5 (.58)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.107</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Aesthetics</td>
                    <td align="center">3.2 (.75)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.3 (.79)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.1 (.72)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.361</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Information</td>
                    <td align="center">3.0 (.71)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.3 (.70)</td>
                    <td align="center">2.7 (.60)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.001</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Overall MARS score*</td>
                    <td align="center">3.2 (.69)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.4 (.74)</td>
                    <td align="center">3.1 (.61)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.080</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>MARS: Mobile App Rating Scale; data presented in mean (standard deviation). *Average of the four objective subscales.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>iOS apps with the highest averages</title>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> presents the top five apps available in the App Store according to the MARS.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; The top five iOS apps rated by Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS)</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="17%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" rowspan="2">Characteristics</th>
                    <th colspan="5">iOS apps</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th>Mappa</th>
                    <th>AMPA</th>
                    <th>Blood Pressure Calendar</th>
                    <th>Blood Pressure Control</th>
                    <th>Elfie</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>MARS score</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">3.7</td>
                    <td align="center">3.9</td>
                    <td align="center">3.9</td>
                    <td align="center">4.0</td>
                    <td align="center">4.5</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Personal data</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Blood pressure</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Self-recording of values</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Medicines</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Medicines used</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Reminder to use</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Other resources</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Self-recording of comorbidities</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>PA captured or reported</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Health education</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Possibility of exporting recorded data</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Forums</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Partnership with healthcare organization</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN3001">
                  <p>PA: physical activity.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>All APPs on the iOS platform with the highest MARS scores had a tool related to self-recording of BP values. Of the five APPs, three had some way of measuring the amount of PA in the individual with SAH.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Android apps with the highest MARS averages</title>
          <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t4001">Table 4</xref> presents the top five apps available in the Android app store according to the MARS.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t4001">
              <label>Table 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; The five highest rated Android applications by Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS)</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="17%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" rowspan="2">Characteristics</th>
                    <th colspan="5">Android apps</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th>Blood pressure - Blood journal</th>
                    <th>Heart monitor: blood pressure diary</th>
                    <th>Blood pressure (bpresso)</th>
                    <th>UCS Digital Health</th>
                    <th>Blood Pressure Diary</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>MARS score</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">4.0</td>
                    <td align="center">4.0</td>
                    <td align="center">4.0</td>
                    <td align="center">4.1</td>
                    <td align="center">4.5</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Personal data</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Blood pressure</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Register of values</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Medicines</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Medicines used</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Warning for use</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Other resources</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Register of comorbidity</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>PA captured or reported</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Health education</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">x</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Transformation into DM</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Forums</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Partnership with healthcare organization</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN4001">
                  <p>PA: physical activity; MARS: Mobile App Rating Scale.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>All five best-rated Android apps also had a BP log for self-recording of values. Only two of the apps presented some way of measuring the amount of PA in the individual with SAH. The complete list of APPs evaluated with their respective overall scores on the MARS scale are available as supplementary material. Furthermore, in the 2024 update, it was observed that nine apps were discontinued, four in the Android store and five in the iOS store (highlighted in the supplementary material).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The objective of the study was to identify and analyze mobile APPs aimed at controlling BP, available in Portuguese on the two main platforms (App Store and Google Play). Among the main findings, it is highlighted that 55 apps (98%) have the option of recording BP values, while the tool for adherence to medication use was present only in 16 apps (29%), and medication reminders in 19 apps (34%). The relationship between BP self-management and PA practice did not reach &#188; of the apps. The overall mean MARS score was 3.2&#177;0.69, with information, engagement, aesthetics and functionality in ascending order of scores on the MARS scale.</p>
        <p>BP self-monitoring seems to indicate better control of BP values<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup>and to be associated with greater medication adherence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> However, few APPs (21%) offered the possibility to export BP values and the option of generating reports with graphs and tables, making communication between doctor and patient difficult. In a previous study, around half of the apps (44%) analyzed had the option to export the data filled in by participants, facilitating the sharing of data with health professionals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Another study reported that the main functionality of the apps analyzed was the educational content provided about the disease (59.1%), and secondly the option of self-monitoring of the disease (53.2%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> However, the authors reported that the educational contents were not checked to analyze the quality of the information.</p>
        <p>Although the low adherence to pharmacological treatment by hypertensive patients is already well established,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> the apps analyzed do little to explore tools to increase adherence to drug treatment. Meta-analyses showed that APPs with tools aimed at controlling pharmacological treatment tend to increase adherence to the use of prescribed medications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Therefore, apps must have a system for issuing notifications, through prior filling out of medication times, aiming to remind users to take their medications at the prescribed times, facilitating medication adherence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Behavioral changes are fundamental for the control of BP, but we found that Brazilian apps barely address this issue in their functionalities. In the present study, only 14 (25%) apps presented tools aimed at health education for users, and 11 (20%) of the applications contained tools that facilitated adherence to PA. The promotion of behavioral changes supported by mobile health, or mHealth, in the hypertensive and diabetic population has been investigated in recent years, and appears to direct individuals towards healthier habits.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup>Even though more studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of features to increase positive behaviors, it is important that apps explore these variables to encourage preventive behaviors related to lifestyle for the non-pharmacological treatment of hypertensive individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In the context of a more qualitative assessment based on the MARS scale, the functionality variable was the best evaluated (3.7&#177;0.73 out of 5). Comparisons between the scores obtained by the Android and iOS apps showed that, in all subscales, the apps available in the Android obtained a slight advantage, with a statistically significant difference (p=0.001) only for the information aspect. We can observe similarities with previous studies, in which the objective category with the highest MARS score was functionality, with an overall average of 3.5 out of 5.0. However, unlike the present study, a study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> assessing apps available in the Dutch official app stores for Android and iOS platforms reported similar overall MARS score was found in Android and iOS apps (2.63 vs 2.64).</p>
        <p>It is also worth mentioning that the information resources of the apps included in this study were often missing or of low quality. Other studies also reported low quality of the information resource present in apps.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> This low quality and/or lack of information may result in incorrect use of the app, since many users unfamiliar with the app may enter and interpret data in the wrong way. Therefore, it is important that apps focus on simple interfaces, attractive design, clear and objective texts, to facilitate its use.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup></p>
        <p>To the best of our knowledge, only one study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> was published evaluating apps focusing on BP control, available in Portuguese language. This<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> was a narrative review, where the authors carried out a search only on the Google Play Store, including a total of 267 APPs. In this mentioned study, the authors listed the apps by category, number and main functionalities, and highlighted that most apps were classified as entertainment, with functionalities that did not have a scientific character, underscoring the importance of better control in relation to the development and availability of mHealth apps.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> The present study therefore offers pertinent information regarding the quality, functionality, aesthetics, engagement and information of apps available in Portuguese. Furthermore, our study describes differences between iOS and Android apps.</p>
        <p>This study has limitations, such as not including paid APPs or analyzing only simpler versions, which limits our conclusions. Since this is a cross-sectional study, changes in the trends of app functionalities are disregarded. Furthermore, the fact that duplicate apps in both stores (iOS and Android) were analyzed in a single platform and in a random manner should be considered in the interpretation of our findings.</p>
        <p>In the present study, we identified the number of apps on BP control available in Portuguese in both Android and iOS platforms. Most apps were of acceptable quality, but, in general, they were not comprehensive in terms of the factors related to BP control. There is no study assessing the effectiveness of these apps in controlling BP, highlighting the need for the development of studies for this purpose. Also, our findings emphasize the importance of developing apps that promote greater pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment adherence, and reliability for health professionals to recommend their use, given that little knowledge about apps is a barrier to their recommendation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p> This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="supplementary-material" id="suppl01001">
          <label>Supplemental Materials*</label>
          <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2025/12202/2024-0339_supplementary_material.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
