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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="case-report" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">wxzMLxg39cLvTHh4WSK75fd</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000200701</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00701</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240299</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Relato de Caso</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Linfoma Card&#237;aco: Um Relato de Caso</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9877-1660</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pamplona</surname>
            <given-names>Leticia Ferraz</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Kelly Barnab&#233; Serpa de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Ancelmo dos</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bustamante</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Antelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Janu&#225;rio Manoel de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zacchi</surname>
            <given-names>Fl&#225;via Fernandes Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-3667-4935</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brito</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Brenande de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rojas</surname>
            <given-names>Salomon Soriano Ordinola</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Fleury Group</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Fleury Group, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Leticia Ferraz Pamplona</bold> &#8226; Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo - Rua Maestro Cardim, 637. CEP <postal-code>01323-001</postal-code>, Bairro Bella Vista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>leticia.f.pamplona@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Nuno Bettencourt</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>02</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240299</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="article" id="r1" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250521" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <p>Os tumores card&#237;acos s&#227;o raros. O linfoma card&#237;aco prim&#225;rio &#233; definido como um linfoma n&#227;o Hodgkin, que envolve apenas o cora&#231;&#227;o e/ou peric&#225;rdio. &#201; um tumor agressivo com progn&#243;stico ruim e seus sintomas podem ser inespec&#237;ficos. O diagn&#243;stico definitivo s&#243; pode ser obtido atrav&#233;s de estudo histopatol&#243;gico, e a quimioterapia &#233; a principal estrat&#233;gia de tratamento.</p>
        <p>Esse caso apresenta um paciente de 71 anos, do sexo masculino, com uma forma rara de tumor card&#237;aco prim&#225;rio. Envolvendo complica&#231;&#245;es no p&#243;s operat&#243;rio como edema agudo de pulm&#227;o e necessidade de marcapasso, ocorridos ap&#243;s ressec&#231;&#227;o do tumor com necessidade de reconstru&#231;&#227;o de veia cava e rafia do &#225;trio direito.</p>
        <p>O linfoma card&#237;aco prim&#225;rio &#233; um tumor de diagn&#243;stico complexo por ter uma apresenta&#231;&#227;o sintom&#225;tica vaga e n&#227;o espec&#237;fica, por&#233;m deve sempre ser inclu&#237;do como diagn&#243;stico diferencial de massas card&#237;acas. Seu diagn&#243;stico precoce pode melhorar significativamente o progn&#243;stico e aumentar a sobrevida desses pacientes, ao permitir um encaminhamento r&#225;pido para o tratamento espec&#237;fico.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Linfoma</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Cora&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="10"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os tumores card&#237;acos s&#227;o raros, por&#233;m muito agressivos. Apresentam-se em sua maioria como tumores secund&#225;rios a met&#225;stases de neoplasias de pulm&#227;o, es&#244;fago, mama, linfomas, leucemia e melanoma, com incid&#234;ncia de 1% em estudos de aut&#243;psias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Por outro lado, os tumores card&#237;acos prim&#225;rios s&#227;o ainda mais incomuns, com incid&#234;ncia de aproximadamente 0,04%, variando entre 1,38 e 30 a cada 100.000 pessoas. Na maioria dos casos os tumores card&#237;acos prim&#225;rios s&#227;o benignos, entre os malignos, os mais comuns s&#227;o os sarcomas e linfomas, estes &#250;ltimos ocorrem em cerca de 1,3% entre os tumores card&#237;acos prim&#225;rios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O linfoma card&#237;aco prim&#225;rio (LCP) &#233; definido como um linfoma n&#227;o hodgkin (LNH) que envolve apenas o cora&#231;&#227;o e/ou peric&#225;rdio. Este tumor tende a comprometer o mioc&#225;rdio, com maior incid&#234;ncia nas cavidades direitas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Podem n&#227;o ser identificados no in&#237;cio, pois a apresenta&#231;&#227;o principal &#233; de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) de dif&#237;cil tratamento. &#201; um tumor agressivo com progn&#243;stico ruim, que ocorre geralmente em pacientes imunossuprimidos ou imunocomprometidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Apesar da principal forma de apresenta&#231;&#227;o do LCP ser com cl&#237;nica de IC, a manifesta&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m pode ser determinada por v&#225;rios fatores como localiza&#231;&#227;o, velocidade de crescimento, tamanho, grau de invas&#227;o e friabilidade do tumor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Ent&#227;o, sintomas podem incluir dor tor&#225;cica, dispneia, perda de peso, fadiga, sudorese noturna, arritmias e s&#237;ndrome da veia cava superior.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Exames de imagem n&#227;o invasivos podem ser usados para auxiliar no diagn&#243;stico, na identifica&#231;&#227;o de massas ou complica&#231;&#245;es, por&#233;m o diagn&#243;stico definitivo s&#243; pode ser obtido atrav&#233;s de estudo histopatol&#243;gico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A quimioterapia &#233; a principal estrat&#233;gia de tratamento ap&#243;s confirma&#231;&#227;o histopatol&#243;gica. A radioterapia e cirurgia tamb&#233;m s&#227;o op&#231;&#245;es, mas n&#227;o existem estudos que mostrem uma efic&#225;cia bem estabelecida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Caso Cl&#237;nico</title>
      <p>Paciente de 71 anos, do sexo masculino, ex-tabagista, etilista social, portador de hiperplasia benigna da pr&#243;stata e hist&#243;ria de carcinoma basocelular em face ressecado e curado, apresentou-se em servi&#231;o de urg&#234;ncia com queixa de otalgia puls&#225;til a direita que piorava ao se deitar. Na ocasi&#227;o, foi realizada lavagem otol&#243;gica ipsilateral com alta hospitalar ap&#243;s consulta. N&#227;o se obteve melhora dos sintomas. Nos dias seguintes evoluiu com edema de face, surgimento de varizes em t&#243;rax e sensa&#231;&#227;o de abafamento dos sons a direita, com nova procura ao servi&#231;o de emerg&#234;ncia.</p>
      <p>&#192; observa&#231;&#227;o, paciente apresentava-se em bom estado geral, est&#225;vel hemodinamicamente, eupneico em ar ambiente, ausculta card&#237;aca e pulmonar sem achados patol&#243;gicos, exame abdominal sem altera&#231;&#245;es e membros inferiores sem edemas ou sinais de trombose venosa. Apenas apresentava turg&#234;ncia jugular bilateral e presen&#231;a de m&#250;ltiplas varizes bilaterais.</p>
      <p>Foram solicitados exames laboratoriais sem altera&#231;&#245;es importantes e ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>) evidenciando derrame discreto e moderado envolvendo todo cora&#231;&#227;o, com l&#226;mina de 10 mm em sua maior espessura, adjacente &#224;s c&#226;maras direitas. O exame demonstrou colapso sist&#243;lico do &#225;trio direito al&#233;m de restri&#231;&#227;o do enchimento diast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo direito, possivelmente decorrente ao derrame peric&#225;rdico. Fora recomendado ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico para maior elucida&#231;&#227;o das imagens em c&#226;maras direitas.</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Restri&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito pelo derrame peric&#225;rdico observada na janela subcostal em ecocardiograma de admiss&#227;o.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>O paciente tamb&#233;m foi submetido a angiotomografia de t&#243;rax e abdome, que revelou tromboembolismo pulmonar agudo, falha de enchimento no ter&#231;o inferior da veia cava superior, insinuando-se discretamente pelo ap&#234;ndice atrial direito (sugerindo a possibilidade de trombo hem&#225;tico) e linfonodomegalias mediastinais. Nas imagens de abdome foram observados proemin&#234;ncia de linfonodos nas cadeias retroperitoneais, f&#237;gado exibindo imagem algo nodulariforme mal definida, hipovascular, em situa&#231;&#227;o perif&#233;rica no segmento 4A do lobo hep&#225;tico esquerdo, al&#233;m de forma&#231;&#245;es hipodensas de aspecto c&#237;stico no rim direito nas imagens de abdome.</p>
      <p>Para maior elucida&#231;&#227;o do caso, o paciente foi encaminhado para realiza&#231;&#227;o de resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca e abdominal (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>), com a confirma&#231;&#227;o de massa no interior do &#225;trio direito, aderida a parede posterior e ocupando praticamente todo ap&#234;ndice atrial estendendo-se at&#233; a por&#231;&#227;o proximal de veia cava superior, provocando uma obstru&#231;&#227;o significativa. E afastando a possibilidade de malignidade do n&#243;dulo hep&#225;tico.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica do cora&#231;&#227;o evidenciando massa no interior do &#225;trio direito (AD), ocupando praticamente todo ap&#234;ndice atrial e infiltrando a por&#231;&#227;o proximal de veia cava superior (VCS): 2.a) Corte axial reto do t&#243;rax no n&#237;vel da VCS: massa (setas brancas) com sinal heterog&#234;neo na sequ&#234;ncia <italic>cine steady-state free precession</italic> (cine-SSFP) 2.b) Corte axial reto do t&#243;rax no n&#237;vel do ap&#234;ndice atrial direito: massa (setas brancas) com sinal heterog&#234;neo na sequ&#234;ncia cine-SSFP. 2.c) Corte coronal do t&#243;rax seccionando o AD e a VCS: massa (setas brancas) infiltrativa com hiperssinal em T1 na sequ&#234;ncia <italic>Double-Invesion Recovery</italic> (DIR). 2.d) Corte coronal do t&#243;rax seccionando o AD e VCS: massa (seta branca) infiltrativa com hiperssinal em T2 na sequ&#234;ncia DIR 2.e) Corte axial reto do t&#243;rax no n&#237;vel da VCS na sua desembocadura no AD: massa (setas brancas) infiltrativa com sinal heterog&#234;neo na sequ&#234;ncia de perfus&#227;o din&#226;mica de primeira passagem. 2.f) Corte axial reto do t&#243;rax no n&#237;vel do ap&#234;ndice atrial direito: massa (seta branca) com sinal heterog&#234;neo na sequ&#234;ncia de realce tardio.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Paciente foi encaminhado para ressec&#231;&#227;o total da massa tumoral com reconstru&#231;&#227;o de veia cava superior e rafia do &#225;trio direito (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3</xref>). A anatomia patol&#243;gica confirmou LNH, e Imunohistoqu&#237;mica apresentou achados de Linfoma Difuso de Grandes C&#233;lulas B subtipo N&#227;o Centro Germinativo Smile (GCB) Triplo Expressor (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 4</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>3.a) Imagem do tumor card&#237;aco ap&#243;s ressec&#231;&#227;o. 3.b) Reconstru&#231;&#227;o da veia cava superior no intraoperat&#243;rio.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Imagens histopatol&#243;gicas (Realizadas pelo sistema Leica Web Viewer), evidenciando: 4.a) C&#233;lulas linfoides intermedi&#225;rias e grandes dissociando o interst&#237;cio entre as fibras musculares card&#237;acas (HE &#8211; 5x) 4.b) C&#233;lulas linfoides intermedi&#225;rias e grandes dispostas em mantos com frequentes figuras de mitose (HE &#8211; 15,5x) 4.c) Positividade forte e difusa para CD20 (CD20 &#8211; 21x). 4.d) Rea&#231;&#227;o imunoistoqu&#237;mica para Ki67 demonstrando alto &#237;ndice proliferativo (Ki67 &#8211; 40x).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf04.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Evoluiu no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio com bradicardia juncional, sendo optado por introdu&#231;&#227;o de marca-passo definitivo. Apresentou epis&#243;dio de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial de alta resposta (FAAR) induzido por alucina&#231;&#245;es/delirium e epis&#243;dio de edema agudo de pulm&#227;o (EAP) solucionados com uso de furosemida endovenosa e ventila&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o invasiva (VNI). Realizado cateter venoso central de inser&#231;&#227;o perif&#233;rica (PICC) e acompanhado com equipe de oncologia para in&#237;cio de tratamento quimioter&#225;pico.</p>
      <p>O tratamento foi iniciado dois meses ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico e optado pelo esquema R-CHOP (ciclofosfamida, doxorrubicina, vincristina e prednisona). No PET-CT realizado antes de in&#237;cio do tratamento n&#227;o havia nenhuma capta&#231;&#227;o an&#244;mala (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figuras 5.a</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">5.b</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f5">
        <label>Figura 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Imagens em cortes axiais de PET-SCAN usando o radiof&#225;rmaco FDG que representam respectivamente: 5.a e 5.b) aus&#234;ncia de capta&#231;&#245;es an&#244;malas em 08/06/2023. 5.c e 5.d) capta&#231;&#227;o an&#244;mala de radiof&#225;rmaco evidenciando les&#227;o expansiva hipermetab&#243;lica no leito cir&#250;rgico atrial direito, em &#237;ntimo contato e sem planos de clivagem bem definidos com a parede lateral e posterior, al&#233;m de surgimento de concentra&#231;&#227;o do radiof&#225;rmaco na topografia da base card&#237;aca em 03/01/2024.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf05.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Na convalescen&#231;a do 4&#176; ciclo, o paciente apresentou grave intercorr&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica, com hemorragia digestiva baixa/enterorragia, atribu&#237;dos &#224; quadro de colite infecciosa, com necessidade de interna&#231;&#227;o prolongada e suporte transfusional. Devido &#224; esta grave intercorr&#234;ncia, decidiu-se prosseguir com os dois ciclos seguintes utilizando apenas Rituximabe, concluindo o tratamento dois meses depois.</p>
      <p>Em PET-CT de controle, logo ap&#243;s finalizado o tratamento, o paciente seguia sem capta&#231;&#245;es an&#244;malas e apresentava-se completamente ativo e capaz de realizar todas as atividades realizadas anteriormente sem restri&#231;&#245;es. Por&#233;m, cerca de sete meses ap&#243;s, novo PET-CT mostrou nova les&#227;o expansiva em mesmo s&#237;tio inicialmente acometido pelo Linfoma, com alta avidez pelo 18F-fl&#250;or-deoxi-2-glicose (FDG) de cerca de 6 cm, compat&#237;vel com reca&#237;da da doen&#231;a onco-hematol&#243;gica (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figuras 5.c</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">5.d</xref>).</p>
      <p>O paciente optou por participar de um ensaio cl&#237;nico para testar um novo quimioter&#225;pico, sendo assim, a evolu&#231;&#227;o do paciente n&#227;o pode ser divulgada.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O exame de imagem de primeira linha e mais utilizado atualmente para a avalia&#231;&#227;o de uma les&#227;o card&#237;aca suspeita &#233; o ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (ETT), j&#225; que fornece &#243;timas imagens das cavidades direitas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Existem poucos casos descritos na literatura que documentam a a&#231;&#227;o restritiva/constritiva da neoplasia, condicionando IC diast&#243;lica como mecanismo fisiopatol&#243;gico subjacente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> No caso em quest&#227;o o Ecocardiograma Transtor&#225;cico observou colapso sist&#243;lico do &#225;trio direito e restri&#231;&#227;o do enchimento diast&#243;lico do ventr&#237;culo direito causado pelo derrame peric&#225;rdico de 10 mm, que foi drenado posteriormente.</p>
      <p>A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica cardiovascular (RMC) &#233; o m&#233;todo de excel&#234;ncia e estabeleceu-se como uma importante ferramenta na identifica&#231;&#227;o e na caracteriza&#231;&#227;o das massas card&#237;acas e paracard&#237;acas, pois &#233; um exame n&#227;o invasivo, que n&#227;o utiliza radia&#231;&#227;o ionizante, &#233; o &#250;nico com a habilidade de caracterizar tecido e seu meio de contraste &#233; o gadol&#237;neo, mais seguro quando comparado ao contraste iodado da tomografia computadorizada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Ele permite a diferencia&#231;&#227;o dos demais diagn&#243;sticos e ainda a avalia&#231;&#227;o morfol&#243;gica e funcional card&#237;aca em um &#250;nico exame, por&#233;m exige estabilidade hemodin&#226;mica para ser realizado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Dentre os diagn&#243;sticos diferenciais de neoplasia, destaca-se o trombo intracard&#237;aco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> No caso em quest&#227;o, a RMC facilitou o diagn&#243;stico ao observar heterogeneidade da massa no realce tardio e observar massa infiltrativa e hiperssinal em T1, T2 e na sequ&#234;ncia de perfus&#227;o din&#226;mica.</p>
      <p>O linfoma difuso de grandes c&#233;lulas B (LDGC) &#233; o mais comum dos Linfomas n&#227;o Hodgkin (31%), sendo rapidamente fatal quando n&#227;o tratado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O tratamento tem resultados melhores comparado aos demais tumores card&#237;acos malignos, apresentando avan&#231;os como a adi&#231;&#227;o de Rituximabe (anticorpo monoclonal anti-CD20) ao tradicional esquema CHOP, permitindo o nome R-CHOP. Essa adi&#231;&#227;o associou-se &#224; melhora na sobrevida, com taxa de remiss&#227;o completa de 61%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s o tratamento, o acompanhamento cardiol&#243;gico deve ser mantido. Com aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; possibilidade de cardiotoxicidade, que pode ocorrer de forma aguda (&lt; 14 dias), precoce (at&#233; 1 ano) e tardia (m&#233;dia de 7 anos). A cardiotoxicidade pode se apresentar sob forma de arritmias, s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda, miocardite, les&#227;o endotelial mioc&#225;rdica e valvar ou disfun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</p>
      <p>Estudos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> demonstraram que o uso de antraciclinas, como doxorrubicina, podem causar redu&#231;&#227;o de massa e leve redu&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o do VE (demonstrada precocemente pelo exame ecocardiogr&#225;fico de strain do VE) e maior T1 mioc&#225;rdico nativo. Pacientes com alto risco desse remodelamento ventricular podem se beneficiar do uso de betabloqueadores ou inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina como preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria. O acompanhamento desses pacientes com RMC tamb&#233;m pode ser ben&#233;fico para avalia&#231;&#227;o precoce de fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e altera&#231;&#227;o coronariana subsequente aos quimioter&#225;picos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Esse caso representa uma forma rara de tumor card&#237;aco prim&#225;rio: envolvimento card&#237;aco do LDGC. Envolvendo complica&#231;&#245;es no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio como edema agudo de pulm&#227;o e necessidade de marca-passo, ocorridos ap&#243;s ressec&#231;&#227;o do tumor com necessidade de reconstru&#231;&#227;o de veia cava e rafia do &#225;trio direito.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>O LCP &#233; um tumor de dif&#237;cil diagn&#243;stico por se apresentar sem sintomatologia ou com sintomas vagos e inespec&#237;ficos. Por&#233;m deve sempre ser inclu&#237;do como diagn&#243;stico diferencial de massas card&#237;acas, pois seu diagn&#243;stico precoce pode melhorar progn&#243;stico e sobrevida desses pacientes, ao serem encaminhados rapidamente para tratamento espec&#237;fico.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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              <surname>Dykstra</surname>
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              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Mikami</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guzzardi</surname>
              <given-names>DG</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of Active Cancer on the Cardiac Phenotype: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study of Myocardial Tissue Health and Deformation in Patients with Chemotherapy-Na&#239;ve Cancer</article-title>
          <source>J Am Heart Assoc</source>
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          <volume>10</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <elocation-id>e019811</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/JAHA.120.019811</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12 Labib D, Satriano A, Dykstra S, Hansen R, Mikami Y, Guzzardi DG, et al. Effect of Active Cancer on the Cardiac Phenotype: A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Study of Myocardial Tissue Health and Deformation in Patients with Chemotherapy-Na&#239;ve Cancer. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(9):e019811. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.120.019811.</mixed-citation>
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    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240299i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Case Report</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiac Lymphoma: A Case Report</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9877-1660</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pamplona</surname>
            <given-names>Leticia Ferraz</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Kelly Barnab&#233; Serpa de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Reis</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Ancelmo dos</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bustamante</surname>
            <given-names>Luis Antelo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Janu&#225;rio Manoel de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Zacchi</surname>
            <given-names>Fl&#225;via Fernandes Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0008-3667-4935</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brito</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana Brenande de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rojas</surname>
            <given-names>Salomon Soriano Ordinola</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Fleury Group</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Fleury Group, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Leticia Ferraz Pamplona</bold> &#8226; Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo - Rua Maestro Cardim, 637. Postal Code <postal-code>01323-001</postal-code>, Bairro Bella Vista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>leticia.f.pamplona@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Nuno Bettencourt</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <related-article related-article-type="article" id="r2" xlink:href="10.36660/abc.20250521i" ext-link-type="doi"/>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <p>Cardiac tumors are rare. Primary cardiac lymphoma is defined as non-Hodgkin lymphoma that involves only the heart and/or pericardium. It is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and its symptoms may be nonspecific. A definitive diagnosis can only be obtained through histopathological study, and chemotherapy is the main treatment strategy.</p>
        <p>This case is about a 71-year-old male patient, with a rare form of primary cardiac tumor. He had postoperative complications such as acute pulmonary edema and the need for a pacemaker, which occurred after tumor resection requiring reconstruction of the vena cava and suture of the right atrium.</p>
        <p>Primary cardiac lymphoma is a tumor that is difficult to diagnose because it has a vague and non-specific symptomatic presentation. However, it should always be included as a differential diagnosis of cardiac masses. Early diagnosis can significantly improve the prognosis and increase the survival rate of patients by quickly referring them for specific treatment.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Lymphoma</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Neoplasms</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Cardiac tumors are rare but rather aggressive. Occurs mostly as secondary tumors to metastases of lung, esophageal, and breast neoplasms, lymphoma, leukemia, and melanoma. They have a 1% incidence in autopsy studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> By comparison, primary cardiac tumors are even rarer, with an incidence of approximately 0.04%, ranging from 1.38 to 30 per 100,000 people. In most cases, primary cardiac tumors are benign. Among malignant tumors, the most common are sarcomas and lymphomas, which occur in approximately 1.3% of primary cardiac tumors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is defined as a non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) that involves only the heart and/or pericardium. This tumor tends to affect the myocardium, with a greater incidence in the right cavities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> It may not be identified at the beginning, as the main presentation is heart failure (HF) which is difficult to treat. It is an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis, usually affecting immunosuppressed or immunocompromised patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Although PCL mostly involves clinical signs of HF, its manifestation can also be determined by several factors such as location, growth rate, size, degree of invasion, and friability of the tumor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Therefore, symptoms may include chest pain, dyspnea, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, arrhythmias, and superior vena cava syndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Non-invasive imaging tests can be used to aid in diagnosis, by identifying masses or complications, but a definitive diagnosis can only be obtained through histopathological study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Chemotherapy is the main treatment strategy after histopathological confirmation. Radiotherapy and surgery are also valid options, but there are no studies that show well-established efficacy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Clinical case</title>
        <p>A 71-year-old male patient, a former smoker and social drinker, with benign prostatic hyperplasia and a history of resected and healed basal cell carcinoma on the face, sought the emergency department complaining of pulsating right ear pain that worsened when lying down. At the time, ipsilateral otological lavage was performed and the patient was discharged from the hospital after a medical consultation. The symptoms did not improve. In the following days, he developed facial edema, the appearance of varicose veins in the chest, and a sensation of muffled sounds on the right, with a new visit to the emergency department.</p>
        <p>Upon observation, the patient was in good general condition, hemodynamically stable, and eupneic in room air. His cardiac and pulmonary auscultation showed no pathological findings. Abdominal examination showed no alterations and lower limbs showed no edema or signs of venous thrombosis. He only had bilateral jugular distension and the presence of multiple bilateral varices.</p>
        <p>Laboratory tests were requested without significant alterations and a transthoracic echocardiogram (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 1</xref>) showed discrete and moderate effusion involving the entire heart with a 10 mm layer in its largest point (adjacent to the right chambers), in addition to systolic collapse of the right atrium and generating some restriction of diastolic filling of the right ventricle, possibly due to pericardial effusion. Transesophageal echocardiography was recommended for further elucidation of the images in the right chambers.</p>
        <fig id="f6">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Right ventricular restriction due to pericardial effusion observed in the subcostal window on the echocardiogram performed upon admission.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The patient also underwent angiotomography of the chest and abdomen, which revealed acute pulmonary thromboembolism, a filling defect in the lower third of the superior vena cava, discreetly involving the right atrial appendage (suggesting the possibility of a hematic thrombus), and mediastinal lymph node enlargement. In the abdominal images, prominence of lymph nodes in the retroperitoneal chains was observed, the liver exhibiting a somewhat nodular, poorly defined, hypovascular image, in a peripheral situation in segment 4A of the left hepatic lobe, in addition to hypodense formations with a cystic appearance in the right kidney.</p>
        <p>To further elucidate the case, the patient was referred for cardiac and abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 2</xref>), which confirmed a mass inside the right atrium, attached to its posterior wall, occupying practically the entire atrial appendage and extending to the proximal portion of the superior vena cava, significantly obstructing it. This ruled out the possibility of liver nodule malignancy.</p>
        <fig id="f7">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart showing a mass inside the right atrium (RA), occupying virtually the entire atrial appendage and infiltrating the proximal portion of the superior vena cava (SVC): 2.a) Straight axial section of the chest at the level of the SVC: mass (white arrows) with heterogeneous signal in the cine steady-state free precession (cine-SSFP) sequence. 2.b) Straight axial section of the thorax at the level of the right atrial appendage: mass (white arrows) with heterogeneous signal in the cine-SSFP sequence. 2.c) Coronal section of the chest sectioning the RA and SVC: infiltrative mass (white arrows) with hyperintensity on T1 in the Double-Inversion Recovery (DIR) sequence. 2.d) Coronal section of the chest sectioning the RA and SVC: infiltrative mass (white arrow) with hypersignal on T2 in the DIR sequence 2.e) Straight axial section of the chest at the level of the SVC at its mouth in the RA: infiltrative mass (white arrows) with heterogeneous signal in the first-pass dynamic perfusion sequence. 2.f) Straight axial section of the chest at the level of the right atrial appendage: mass (white arrow) with heterogeneous signal in the delayed enhancement sequence.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The patient was referred for total resection of the tumor mass with reconstruction of the superior vena cava and suture of the right atrium (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 3</xref>). Pathological anatomy confirmed NHL, and Immunohistochemistry showed findings of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Non-Germinal Center SMILE (GCB) Triple Expressor subtype (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figure 4</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f8">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>3.a) Image of the cardiac tumor after resection. 3.b) Intraoperative reconstruction of the superior vena cava.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f9">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Histopathological images (Taken by the Leica Web Viewer system), showing: 4.a) Intermediate and large lymphoid cells dissociating the interstitium between cardiac muscle fibers (HE &#8211; 5x) 4.b) Intermediate and large lymphoid cells arranged in mantles with frequent mitotic figures (HE &#8211; 15.5x) 4.c) Strong and diffuse positivity for CD20 (CD20 &#8211; 21x). 4.d) Immunohistochemical reaction for Ki67 demonstrating high proliferative index (Ki67 &#8211; 40x).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The patient developed junctional bradycardia in the postoperative period, and a decision was made to insert a permanent pacemaker. The patient had an episode of high-response atrial fibrillation (HRAF) induced by hallucinations/delirium and an episode of acute pulmonary edema (APE) resolved with the use of intravenous furosemide and noninvasive ventilation (NIV). A peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) was placed and monitored by the oncology team to begin chemotherapy treatment.</p>
        <p>Treatment was initiated two months after diagnosis and the R-CHOP regimen (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) was chosen. No anomalous uptake was observed in the PET-CT scan performed before the start of treatment (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figures 5.a</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">5.b</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f10">
          <label>Figure 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Axial PET-SCAN images using the radiopharmaceutical FDG that represent respectively: 5. a and 5.b) absence of anomalous uptake on June 8, 2023. 5.c and 5.d) anomalous uptake of the radiopharmaceutical showing a hypermetabolic expansive lesion in the right atrial surgical bed, in close contact with its lateral and posterior wall and without well-defined cleavage planes. Also, there was a radiopharmaceutical concentration in the topography of the cardiac base on January 3, 2024.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-02-e20240299-40299-gf05-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>During the recovery period after cycle 4, the patient had a serious clinical complication, with lower digestive hemorrhage/enterorrhagia, attributed to infectious colitis, requiring prolonged hospitalization and transfusion support. Due to this serious complication, the next 2 cycles included rituximab only, and the treatment ended 2 months later.</p>
        <p>In a control PET-CT scan, immediately after the end of treatment, the patient continued to have no abnormal uptake and was completely active and able to perform all the activities previously performed without restrictions. However, about seven months, a new PET-CT showed a new expansive lesion in the same site initially affected by the Lymphoma, with high avidity for<sup>18</sup> F-fluoride-deoxy-2-glucose (FDG) of approximately 6 cm, compatible with a relapse of the onco-hematological disease (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figures 5.c</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">5.d</xref>).</p>
        <p>The patient chose to take part in a clinical trial to test a new chemotherapy drug and his progress cannot be disclosed.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The first-line and most widely used imaging test currently used to evaluate a suspected cardiac lesion is the transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), as it provides excellent images of the right cavities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> There are few cases described in the literature that document the restrictive/constrictive action of the neoplasm, causing diastolic HF as the underlying pathophysiological mechanism.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In the case in question, the transthoracic echocardiogram showed systolic collapse of the right atrium and restriction of diastolic filling of the right ventricle caused by the 10 mm pericardial effusion, which was subsequently drained.</p>
        <p>Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is a method of excellence and an important tool in the identification and characterization of cardiac and paracardiac masses, as it is a non-invasive examination that does not use ionizing radiation. CMRI is the only test that can characterize tissue and its contrast medium is gadolinium, which is safer compared to the iodinated contrast used in computed tomography.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> It allows differentiation from other diagnoses and a morphological and functional evaluation of the heart in a single examination but requires hemodynamic stability to be performed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Among the differential diagnoses of neoplasia, intracardiac thrombus stands out.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> In the case in question, CMRI facilitated the diagnosis by showing heterogeneity of the mass in late enhancement and an infiltrative and hyperintense signal mass in T1, T2, and the dynamic perfusion sequence.</p>
        <p>Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common NHL (31%), and is rapidly fatal if left untreated.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Treatment has better results compared to other malignant cardiac tumors, with advances such as the addition of rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) to the traditional CHOP regimen, having become R-CHOP. This addition has been associated with improved survival, with a complete remission rate of 61%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>After treatment, cardiological monitoring must be maintained. It must consider the possibility of cardiotoxicity, which can occur acutely (&lt; 14 days), in an early phase (up to 1 year), or a late phase (7 years on average). Cardiotoxicity can occur in the form of arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, myocardial and valvular endothelial damage, or left ventricular systolic dysfunction.</p>
        <p>Studies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> have shown that the use of anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, can cause a reduction in the LV mass, a slight reduction in the LV function (demonstrated early by LV strain echocardiography), and higher native myocardial T1. Patients at high risk of this ventricular remodeling may benefit from the use of beta-blockers or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors as primary prevention. Monitoring these patients with CMRI may also be beneficial for the early assessment of ventricular function and coronary changes after chemotherapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>This case represents a rare form of primary cardiac tumor: cardiac involvement induced by DLBCL. He had postoperative complications such as acute pulmonary edema and the need for a pacemaker, which occurred after tumor resection requiring reconstruction of the vena cava and suture of the right atrium.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>PCL is a tumor that is difficult to diagnose because it has no symptoms or has vague and non-specific symptoms. However, it should always be included as a differential diagnosis of cardiac masses, as early diagnosis can improve the prognosis and survival of patients by quickly referring them for specific treatment.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
