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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">WMSZFLdbr3QMqVt9Kkgqp4k</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000100201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240827</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20240827</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Aspectos Atuais da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial no Estudo ELSA-Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Issa</surname>
            <given-names>Victor Sarli</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6904-3039</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mansur</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Antwerp</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Antwerp</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">B&#233;lgica</country>
          <institution content-type="original">University of Antwerp &#8211; Cardiology, Antwerp, Flanders &#8211; B&#233;lgica</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Alfredo Jos&#233; Mansur</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>ajmansur@cardiol.br</email>, <email>ajmansur@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240827</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Estudos Longitudinais</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica associada a manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas relevantes, pior progn&#243;stico e aumento de gastos com sa&#250;de. A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial n&#227;o parece ser uma doen&#231;a homog&#234;nea, mas apresenta uma variabilidade significativa em termos de epidemiologia, apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, fatores de risco, avalia&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e progn&#243;stico. Portanto, estudar varia&#231;&#245;es regionais, sociais e &#233;tnicas e de alta relev&#226;ncia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Estima-se que mais de 33 milh&#245;es de pessoas em todo o mundo sejam afetadas pela fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> e se espera que a preval&#234;ncia aumente, j&#225; que a popula&#231;&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos com 65 anos ou mais quase dobrar&#225; de 12% em 2010 para uma estimativa de 22% em 2040.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Isso provavelmente trar&#225; um &#244;nus adicional para as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e para a fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nesse sentido, os dados dispon&#237;veis sugerem que a ocorr&#234;ncia da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial no Brasil &#233; pelo menos equivalente &#224; observada em outros pa&#237;ses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>&#201; interessante notar que alguns grupos sociais, como afro-americanos e grupos &#233;tnicos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> origin&#225;rios da &#205;ndia, Paquist&#227;o, Nepal, Sri Lanka e Bangladesh, que representam mais de 20% da popula&#231;&#227;o mundial, parecem ter uma preval&#234;ncia menor de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial. Poss&#237;veis explica&#231;&#245;es incluem fatores socioecon&#244;micos, menor acesso &#224; assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica e determinantes ambientais da sa&#250;de; uma base gen&#233;tica foi sugerida, indicando que a menor incid&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial poderia ser explicada pelo menor tamanho do &#225;trio esquerdo indexado &#224;s dimens&#245;es corporais<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> e varia&#231;&#245;es &#233;tnicas nos canais i&#244;nicos card&#237;acos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial &#233; vari&#225;vel. Atualmente, a fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial &#233; categorizada como diagnosticada pela primeira vez (epis&#243;dios de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial que n&#227;o foram diagnosticados anteriormente), parox&#237;stica (epis&#243;dios que terminam em 7 dias), persistente (epis&#243;dios que n&#227;o terminam em 7 dias) e permanente (epis&#243;dios para os quais n&#227;o est&#227;o planejadas outras tentativas de restaura&#231;&#227;o do ritmo sinusal). De acordo com diretrizes de sociedades m&#233;dicas, o diagn&#243;stico de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial exige documenta&#231;&#227;o eletrocardiogr&#225;fica,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> embora a incorpora&#231;&#227;o mais ampla de novas tecnologias, como marca-passos e desfibriladores, <italic>smartwatches</italic> e outros dispositivos de monitoramento, provavelmente exigir&#225; a incorpora&#231;&#227;o de crit&#233;rios mais flex&#237;veis, &#224; medida que mais informa&#231;&#245;es sobre essas tecnologias se tornarem dispon&#237;veis. O uso de diferentes tecnologias e o acesso desigual a elas, por sua vez, impor&#227;o desafios adicionais aos m&#233;dicos, aos pacientes e &#224; sociedade.</p>
    <p>O estudo de Boccalon et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> resulta de uma coorte prospectiva desenvolvida desde 2008 e incluiu 15.105 homens e mulheres, funcion&#225;rios p&#250;blicos de universidades ou institui&#231;&#245;es de pesquisa em seis capitais brasileiras: S&#227;o Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Rio Grande do Sul e Vit&#243;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Neste estudo, os autores procuraram identificar dados cl&#237;nicos, eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos e ecocardiogr&#225;ficos associados &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.</p>
    <p>A coorte representa um estrato relativamente espec&#237;fico, ou seja, funcion&#225;rios p&#250;blicos de universidades ou institui&#231;&#245;es de pesquisa das principais cidades. A an&#225;lise foi limitada &#224; idade de 74 anos, o que pode ter subestimado a frequ&#234;ncia da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial: no presente estudo, a preval&#234;ncia foi de 4,2%, em compara&#231;&#227;o com mais de 9% em coortes internacionais de indiv&#237;duos com mais de 65 anos de idade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O diagn&#243;stico de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial foi baseado nos relatos dos pacientes e nos registros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos na linha de base (2008-2010), bem como nos relatos dos pacientes na reavalia&#231;&#227;o (2012-2014). Embora isso represente um esfor&#231;o not&#225;vel dos autores para identificar casos positivos, a aus&#234;ncia de informa&#231;&#245;es dos prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos, os m&#233;todos eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos cont&#237;nuos e a sub-representa&#231;&#227;o de pacientes doentes e n&#227;o ativos podem ter reduzido a taxa de detec&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>No estudo ELSA-Brasil, muitos par&#226;metros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos e ecocardiogr&#225;ficos foram associados ao aumento da chance de desenvolver fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial no seguimento. &#201; interessante notar que esse n&#227;o foi o caso de algumas vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e epidemiol&#243;gicas tipicamente associadas ao aumento do risco de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, como obesidade e hipertens&#227;o arterial. O n&#250;mero relativamente limitado de pacientes diagnosticados com fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (n&#250;mero absoluto de 88 indiv&#237;duos) pode ter limitado a identifica&#231;&#227;o de diferen&#231;as mais sutis.</p>
    <p>Nesse contexto, o presente manuscrito<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> traz contribui&#231;&#245;es adicionais e pode ser &#250;til a popula&#231;&#245;es que compartilhem caracter&#237;sticas semelhantes aos participantes desse estudo.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Caracter&#237;sticas Associadas &#224; Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Prevalente e Perfil de Risco para Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Incidente em uma Popula&#231;&#227;o Idosa do ELSA-Brasil</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240827i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Additional Data on Atrial Fibrillation from ELSA-Brasil Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Issa</surname>
            <given-names>Victor Sarli</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6904-3039</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mansur</surname>
            <given-names>Alfredo Jos&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Antwerp</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BE">Belgium</country>
          <institution content-type="original">University of Antwerp &#8211; Cardiology, Antwerp, Flanders &#8211; Belgium</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Alfredo Jos&#233; Mansur</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>ajmansur@cardiol.br</email>, <email>ajmansur@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Longitudinal Studies</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Atrial fibrillation is currently recognized as a medical condition associated with clinically relevant symptoms, worse prognosis, and increased medical costs. Atrial fibrillation does not seem to be a homogenous disease but presents significant variability in terms of epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, access to treatment, and prognosis. Understanding regional, social, and ethnic variations is thus of paramount importance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is estimated that more than 33 million individuals worldwide are affected with atrial fibrillation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> and the prevalence is expected to grow as the population of individuals aged 65-year-old or older will almost double from 12% in 2010 to an estimated 22% in 2040.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> This will probably bring additional burden for cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> It has been argued that this health and economic burden might be concentrated in low- and middle-income countries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In this sense, available data suggests that the atrial fibrillation burden in Brazil is at least equivalent to that seen in other countries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Interestingly, some social groups such as African Americans and ethnic groups<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> originating from India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh - which represent more than 20% of the world's population &#8211; seem to have a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Possible explanations comprise socioeconomic, worse access to healthcare, and environmental determinants of health; a genetic basis has been suggested, indicating that lower atrial fibrillation incidence could be explained by smaller left-atrium size indexed to body dimensions<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> and ethnic variations in cardiac ion channels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The clinical presentation of atrial fibrillation varies. Currently, atrial fibrillation is categorized as first-diagnosed (episodes of atrial fibrillation that have not been diagnosed before), paroxysmal (episodes that terminate within 7 days), persistent (episodes which are not self-terminating within 7 days), and permanent (episodes for which no further attempts at restoration of sinus rhythm are planned). According to many guidelines, the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation requires electrocardiographic documentation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> even though the widespread incorporation of new technologies, such as pacemakers and defibrillators, smartwatches, and other monitoring devices will probably require the incorporation of more flexible criteria, as more information over these technologies become available. The use of different technologies and the unequal access to them will, in turn, impose additional challenges to physicians, patients, and society.</p>
      <p>The study by Boccalon et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> is the result of a prospective cohort study developed since 2008 and that includes 15,105 men and women, civil servants from universities or research institutions in 6 Brazilian state capitals: Sao Paulo, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Rio Grande do Sul, and Vit&#243;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> In the current analysis, the authors sought to identify clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic data associated with the occurrence of atrial fibrillation.</p>
      <p>The cohort represents a relatively specific stratum of the population, namely civil servants from universities or research institutions from major cities. Additionally, the analysis was limited to the age of 74 years, which may have underestimated the frequency of atrial fibrillation. In the present study, the prevalence was 4.2% as compared to more than 9% in international cohorts of individuals above 65 years old.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The diagnosis of atrial fibrillation was based on patients&#8217; reports and electrocardiographic recordings at baseline (2008-2010) as well as patients&#8217; reports at reassessment on follow-up examinations (2012-2014). Even though this represents a remarkable effort of the authors to identify positive cases, the absence of information on medical charts, continuous electrocardiographic methods, and underrepresentation of sick, not working patients might have reduced the rate of detection.</p>
      <p>In the ELSA-Brasil study, many electrocardiographic and echocardiographic parameters were associated with an increased chance of developing atrial fibrillation in the follow-up. Interestingly enough, this was not the case with some clinical and epidemiological variables typically associated with increased risk for atrial fibrillation, such as obesity and arterial hypertension. The relatively limited number of patients identified with atrial fibrillation (an absolute number of 88 individuals) may hinder the identification of more subtle differences.</p>
      <p>With this context, the manuscript<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> contributes understanding of atrial fibrillation in this setting and may be useful for populations that share the same characteristics.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Characteristics Associated with Prevalent Atrial Fibrillation and Risk Profile for Incident Atrial Fibrillation an Elderly Population from ELSA-Brasil</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
