<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">gPrBrwLpGxWgzjFCgLkJJLN</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2025000100301</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00301</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240165</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda no Brasil: Registro dos Fatores Predisponentes e Perfil Populacional em um Instituto Cardiol&#243;gico P&#250;blico de Refer&#234;ncia Nacional</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2059-6484</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Kaliana</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4108-4653</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ramadan</surname>
            <given-names>Hugo Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Baccaro</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Mendon&#231;a</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bicalho</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius Vaz de Sales</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Italo Menezes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ohe</surname>
            <given-names>Louis Nakayama</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor Sobreira Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feres</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Franchini</surname>
            <given-names>Kleber</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Ari</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mota</surname>
            <given-names>Diandro Marinho</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label> Kaliana Nascimento &#8226; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia - Avenida Doutor Dante Pazzanese, 500. CEP 04012-909, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>kaliana.almeida@dantepazzanese.org.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse:</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>122</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240165</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura Central</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda no Brasil: Registro dos Fatores Predisponentes e Perfil Populacional em um Instituto Cardiol&#243;gico P&#250;blico de Refer&#234;ncia Nacional</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda; IAMCSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST.</attrib>
            <alternatives>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/gPrBrwLpGxWgzjFCgLkJJLN/c81fc8172b1423b7855c891a7b601096f5f2a652.tif"/>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/gPrBrwLpGxWgzjFCgLkJJLN/3b8229ec65c555508441e3b3dfc38ef2e3c6150d.png" specific-use="scielo-web"/>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/gPrBrwLpGxWgzjFCgLkJJLN/db91e8cc7ab6f5357a9cf4f77ff1c55f9fed36fe.jpg" specific-use="scielo-web" content-type="scielo-267x140"/>
            </alternatives>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamentos</title>
          <p> A s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) &#233; uma das principais causas de mortalidade no mundo. Conhecer os fatores predisponentes &#233; essencial para a preven&#231;&#227;o desta.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Descrever as caracter&#237;sticas etiol&#243;gicas e epidemiol&#243;gicas da popula&#231;&#227;o com SCA admitida em um pronto-socorro do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> A coorte prospectiva realizada com base nos registros de prontu&#225;rio eletr&#244;nico de um instituto cardiol&#243;gico p&#250;blico localizado no Estado de S&#227;o Paulo descreve 5.580 pacientes internados com SCA entre agosto de 2018 e outubro de 2022. Avaliou-se as principais caracter&#237;sticas epidemiol&#243;gicas, a associa&#231;&#227;o entre confirma&#231;&#227;o de SCA e escores de risco, eventos adversos durante o internamento e no seguimento de 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia foi de 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Os principais fatores associados a SCA foram hipertens&#227;o (80,38%), obesidade ou sobrepeso (72,47%) e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via (59,11%). No escore Grace, 65,10% foram considerados de baixo risco, enquanto 81,34% no TIMI e 71,16% no HEART foram identificados como risco moderado. O cateterismo representou 84,93% dos m&#233;todos diagn&#243;sticos. O tratamento cl&#237;nico foi a estrat&#233;gia adotada em 46,47% dos casos. Na evolu&#231;&#227;o em 30 dias, 3,10% apresentaram sangramento maior, 7,86% infarto/reinfarto, 5,55% acidente vascular encef&#225;lico e 2,53% evolu&#237;ram para &#243;bito.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> Os resultados do maior registro de SCA brasileiro at&#233; o momento evidenciam o impacto dos fatores de risco potencialmente modific&#225;veis na ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos isqu&#234;micos na popula&#231;&#227;o local. Os achados podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas visando a preven&#231;&#227;o e controle da carga da doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica no pa&#237;s.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a das Coron&#225;rias</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="25"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A doen&#231;a cardiovascular (DCV) ocupa o primeiro lugar em mortalidade no mundo. Dados da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial de Sa&#250;de (OMS) de 2019 revelam que aproximadamente 18 milh&#245;es de &#243;bitos foram por DCV. Dentre as principais causas de morte por DCV, a doen&#231;a card&#237;aca isqu&#234;mica (DCI) representa a mais importante. Em 2019 foram registrados em torno de 9 milh&#245;es de &#243;bitos por DCI,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> sendo mais de 100.000 no Brasil, representando 43% de todas as mortes por DCV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> No registro nacional DATASUS 2021, foram descritos aproximadamente 115.000 &#243;bitos por DCI, refletindo o cen&#225;rio global. Dentre as principais causas para os n&#250;meros alarmantes est&#227;o fatores de risco preven&#237;veis como o sedentarismo, o tabagismo, a obesidade e o mau controle da hipertens&#227;o e do diabetes. O estudo INTERHEART,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> evidencia os fatores citados como principais barreiras a serem ultrapassadas, e apesar dos progressos tecnol&#243;gicos e dos esfor&#231;os das institui&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de, o controle de tais fatores segue desafiador.</p>
      <p>No Brasil, o Sudeste det&#233;m a maior porcentagem de &#243;bitos por DCI (47%), com a maior representatividade pelo Estado de S&#227;o Paulo (57%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>&#201; fundamental compreender o perfil epidemiol&#243;gico e demogr&#225;fico dos pacientes internados por s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) para entender os fatores modific&#225;veis da DCI.</p>
      <p>O &#250;ltimo grande registro brasileiro de SCA data de 2013 e contava com 2693 pacientes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> quando ainda n&#227;o se utilizava a troponina ultrassens&#237;vel para o diagn&#243;stico de infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM). O presente estudo engloba a incid&#234;ncia de angina inst&#225;vel (AI), infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMSSST) e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST) em pacientes internados em um instituto cardiol&#243;gico de refer&#234;ncia nacional, localizado no Estado de S&#227;o Paulo, e com m&#233;dia de 3000 atendimentos cardiol&#243;gicos por m&#234;s. O objetivo &#233; apresentar o perfil de classifica&#231;&#227;o da SCA atrav&#233;s da institui&#231;&#227;o avaliada, bem como de comorbidades e das principais estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas e de tratamento utilizadas ao momento de realiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo e os principais desfechos ao longo dos 30 dias de seguimento. Almeja-se contribuir com a comunidade cient&#237;fica no entendimento de como prevenir a ocorr&#234;ncia de SCA, tema ainda desafiador no s&#233;culo XXI.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Design do estudo e sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes</title>
        <p>Este estudo consiste em uma coorte prospectiva realizada num instituto cardiol&#243;gico localizado no Estado de S&#227;o Paulo. Os pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de SCA eram inseridos no registro, no momento da admiss&#227;o hospitalar e acompanhados com liga&#231;&#245;es telef&#244;nicas ou preenchimento de formul&#225;rio enviado por mensagem eletr&#244;nica para seguimento de 30 dias. O per&#237;odo de inclus&#227;o abrange agosto de 2018 a outubro de 2022. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica da institui&#231;&#227;o. No total, foram avaliados 5580 pacientes hospitalizados, todos com suspeita ou diagn&#243;stico confirmado de SCA, incluindo AI, IAMSSST e IAMCSST. A metodologia diagn&#243;stica da SCA seguiu as diretrizes brasileiras de SCA e IAM vigentes no momento da coorte.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
        <p>O diagn&#243;stico espec&#237;fico de IAM &#233; baseado nas diretrizes da quarta defini&#231;&#227;o de infarto, que considera a eleva&#231;&#227;o ou queda dos n&#237;veis de troponina de alta sensibilidade acima do percentil 99. Este crit&#233;rio deve estar associado a pelo menos um indicativo de isquemia, que pode ser: sintomas de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica, altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas indicativas de isquemia, a presen&#231;a de nova onda Q no ECG, resultados de coronariografia que mostrem trombose ou evid&#234;ncias de perda de parede ou viabilidade muscular em exames de imagem n&#227;o invasivos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A AI foi definida como isquemia mioc&#225;rdica em repouso ou com m&#237;nimo esfor&#231;o na aus&#234;ncia de inj&#250;ria aguda (curva de troponina). Caracteriza-se por achados cl&#237;nicos espec&#237;ficos de angina prolongada (mais de 20 minutos) em repouso, angina de in&#237;cio recente e intensa, angina aumentando em frequ&#234;ncia e dura&#231;&#227;o, ou menor em limiar de tolerabilidade; ou angina ap&#243;s um epis&#243;dio recente de infarto do mioc&#225;rdio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Para a an&#225;lise, foi utilizada a troponina I de alta sensibilidade do kit VITROS (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics), com um limiar de quantifica&#231;&#227;o estabelecido em 1,5 ng/L e um limiar para o 99&#186; percentil fixado em 11 ng/L. Os intervalos de amostragem adotados foram de 0 a 1 hora. &#201; importante ressaltar que at&#233; outubro de 2021, a institui&#231;&#227;o utilizava um tipo de troponina que n&#227;o possu&#237;a a classifica&#231;&#227;o de alta sensibilidade (Troponina Biomerieux).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados cl&#237;nicos e desfechos</title>
        <p>Foram avaliadas as principais caracter&#237;sticas epidemiol&#243;gicas da popula&#231;&#227;o supracitada, dentre elas a idade, g&#234;nero, sobrepeso, obesidade, dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus insulinodependente ou n&#227;o, tabagismo, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica e hist&#243;rico de DCI.</p>
        <p>Os pacientes foram classificados nos escores de dor tor&#225;cica/SCA (HEART score, TIMI risk e GRACE). O objetivo foi avaliar a incid&#234;ncia de SCA de acordo com os principais m&#233;todos de investiga&#231;&#227;o (cateterismo, cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica, angiotomografia de coron&#225;rias, teste ergom&#233;trico, resson&#226;ncia mioc&#225;rdica ou ecocardiograma com estresse) e associar com os fatores epidemiol&#243;gicos e escores j&#225; descritos. Apresentamos tamb&#233;m as principais estrat&#233;gias de tratamento (cl&#237;nica, angioplastia e cirurgia) e a taxa de sangramento maior, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico, infarto e morte durante o per&#237;odo de internamento at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram descritas atrav&#233;s de mediana e intervalo interquartil e as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram apresentadas atrav&#233;s de frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre os grupos, para as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas, foi avaliada atrav&#233;s do teste Qui-Quadrado. A compara&#231;&#227;o entre os grupos, nas vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas, foi realizada atrav&#233;s do teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido do teste de Dunn, j&#225; que o teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov mostrou que essas vari&#225;veis n&#227;o t&#234;m distribui&#231;&#227;o normal. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado foi de 5%. Utilizou-se o software <italic>R Core Team (2023)</italic>.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> apresenta o perfil cl&#237;nico e demogr&#225;fico do total de 5.580 pacientes e tamb&#233;m por grupo (AI, IAMSSST e IAMCSST), al&#233;m da compara&#231;&#227;o entre os tr&#234;s grupos, com mediana de idade de 63 anos. Os pacientes grupo IAM sem ST s&#227;o mais velhos que os pacientes dos outros dois grupos (p-valor&lt;0,001).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Perfil demogr&#225;fico e cl&#237;nico</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th>Angina Inst&#225;vel</th>
                <th>IAMSSST</th>
                <th>IAMCSST</th>
                <th>SCA</th>
                <th>p-valor</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>N (%)</td>
                <td align="center">3124 (55,99)</td>
                <td align="center">1944 (34,84)</td>
                <td align="center">512 (9,18)</td>
                <td align="center">5580 (100)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade (anos), mediana (q1-q3)</td>
                <td align="center">63 (56-70)</td>
                <td align="center">63 (55-69)</td>
                <td align="center">65 (58-72)</td>
                <td align="center">62 (55-70)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sexo feminino, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1153 (36,90)</td>
                <td align="center">692 (35,59)</td>
                <td align="center">160 (31,25)</td>
                <td align="center">2005 (35,93)</td>
                <td align="center">0,044</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IMC m&#233;dio (Kg/m<sup>2</sup>), mediana (q1-q3)</td>
                <td align="center">27,6 (24,8-30,7)</td>
                <td align="center">27,7 (25-30,8)</td>
                <td align="center">27,4 (24,6-0,4</td>
                <td align="center">27,3 (24,5-30,6)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1836 (58,77)</td>
                <td align="center">1075 (55,29)</td>
                <td align="center">245 (47,85)</td>
                <td align="center">3156 (56,55)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DMNID, n</td>
                <td align="center">1344 (73,20)</td>
                <td align="center">727 (67,62)</td>
                <td align="center">186 (75,91)</td>
                <td align="center">2257 (71,51)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DMID, n</td>
                <td align="center">492 (26,90)</td>
                <td align="center">348 (32,37)</td>
                <td align="center">59 (24,08)</td>
                <td align="center">899 (28,48)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2551 (81,66)</td>
                <td align="center">1572 (80,86)</td>
                <td align="center">362 (70,70)</td>
                <td align="center">4485 (80,38)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sobrepeso/obesidade, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2312 (74,00)</td>
                <td align="center">1372 (70,57)</td>
                <td align="center">360 (70,31)</td>
                <td align="center">4044 (72,47)</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sobrepeso, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1371 (59,29)</td>
                <td align="center">840 (61,22)</td>
                <td align="center">217 (60,27)</td>
                <td align="center">2428 (60,03)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4">0,062</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Obesidade GI, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">676 (29,23)</td>
                <td align="center">385 (28,06)</td>
                <td align="center">100 (27,77)</td>
                <td align="center">1161 (28,70)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Obesidade GII, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">179 (7,74)</td>
                <td align="center">100 (7,28)</td>
                <td align="center">36 (10,00)</td>
                <td align="center">315 (7,78)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Obesidade GIII, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">86 (3,71)</td>
                <td align="center">47 (3,42)</td>
                <td align="center">7 (1,94)</td>
                <td align="center">140 (3,46)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tabagismo (ou cessou recentemente), n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">587 (18,79)</td>
                <td align="center">394 (20,26)</td>
                <td align="center">168 (32,81)</td>
                <td align="center">1149 (20,59)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1717 (54,96)</td>
                <td align="center">1065 (54,78)</td>
                <td align="center">203 (39,64)</td>
                <td align="center">2985 (53,49)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica</td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Est&#225;gio I, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1362 (43,59)</td>
                <td align="center">673 (34,61)</td>
                <td align="center">228 (44,52)</td>
                <td align="center">2263 (40,55)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="5">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Est&#225;gio II, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1106 (35,39)</td>
                <td align="center">660 (33,94)</td>
                <td align="center">160 (31,24)</td>
                <td align="center">1926 (34,51)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Est&#225;gio III, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">344 (11,00)</td>
                <td align="center">301 (15,47)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (9,95)</td>
                <td align="center">696 (12,46)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Est&#225;gio IV, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">203 (6,49)</td>
                <td align="center">194 (9,97)</td>
                <td align="center">40 (7,80)</td>
                <td align="center">437 (7,82)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Est&#225;gio V ou TRS, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">109 (3,48)</td>
                <td align="center">116 (5,96)</td>
                <td align="center">33 (6,44)</td>
                <td align="center">258 (4,61)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>DAC pr&#233;via, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1932 (61,83)</td>
                <td align="center">1162 (59,76)</td>
                <td align="center">205 (40,03)</td>
                <td align="center">3299 (59,11)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>IAMSSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; IAMCSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; DMNID:diabetes mellitus n&#227;o insulinodependente; DMID: diabetes mellitus insulinodependente; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>A preval&#234;ncia do sexo feminino (36%) &#233; menor no grupo IAMSSST comparado aos outros dois grupos (p-valor &lt;0,001). Apesar de pouca diferen&#231;a entre os grupos em rela&#231;&#227;o ao &#237;ndice de massa corporal (IMC) os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn mostraram que o grupo AI apresenta maior IMC que os outros dois grupos (p-valor&lt;;0,001). Dentre os diab&#233;ticos (57%), h&#225; maior associa&#231;&#227;o do diabetes mellitus n&#227;o insulinodependente com AI e IAMCSST, enquanto o diabetes mellitus insulinodependente est&#225; mais associado com IAMSSST.</p>
      <p>A preval&#234;ncia de hipertens&#227;o (HAS) (80%) &#233; menor no grupo IAMCSST comparado aos outros dois grupos (p-valor &lt;0,001). N&#227;o foram observadas associa&#231;&#245;es os grupos em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sobrepeso/obesidade (p-valor = 0,062). Os tabagistas ou que cessaram recentemente perfazem 21% dos pacientes, com preval&#234;ncia maior no grupo IAMCSST comparado aos outros dois grupos (p-valor &lt;0,001).</p>
      <p>A preval&#234;ncia de dislipidemia &#233; menor no grupo IAMCSST comparado aos outros dois grupos (p-valor &lt;0,001). A preval&#234;ncia de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) pr&#233;via (59%) &#233; menor no grupo infarto com supra comparado aos outros dois grupos (p-valor &lt;0,001).</p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> apresenta a classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, estrat&#233;gia de investiga&#231;&#227;o e tratamento para o total de pacientes e por grupo, al&#233;m da compara&#231;&#227;o entre os grupos.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, estrat&#233;gia de investiga&#231;&#227;o e tratamento</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th>Angina Inst&#225;vel</th>
                <th>IAMSSST</th>
                <th>IAMCSST</th>
                <th>SCA</th>
                <th>p-valor</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">
                  <bold>Classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>GRACE baixo risco, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2432 (77,84)</td>
                <td align="center">987 (50,76)</td>
                <td align="center">214 (41,79)</td>
                <td align="center">3633 (65,10)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>GRACE risco moderado, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">627 (20,06)</td>
                <td align="center">727 (37,39)</td>
                <td align="center">198 (38,66)</td>
                <td align="center">1552 (27,81)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>GRACE alto risco, n(%)</td>
                <td align="center">65 (2,07)</td>
                <td align="center">230 (11,82)</td>
                <td align="center">100 (19,52)</td>
                <td align="center">395 (7,08)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>TIMI baixo risco, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">415 (13,27)</td>
                <td align="center">148 (7,60)</td>
                <td align="center">49 (9,56)</td>
                <td align="center">612 (10,97)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>TIMI risco moderado, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2631 (84,21)</td>
                <td align="center">1517 (78,02)</td>
                <td align="center">391 (76,36)</td>
                <td align="center">4539 (81,34)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>TIMI alto risco, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">78 (2,49)</td>
                <td align="center">279 (14,34)</td>
                <td align="center">72 (14,05)</td>
                <td align="center">429 (7,69)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HEART baixo risco, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">368 (11,77)</td>
                <td align="center">60 (3,08)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">428 (7,67)</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HEART risco moderado, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2616 (83,73)</td>
                <td align="center">1355 (69,69)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">3971 (71,16)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HEART alto risco (%)</td>
                <td align="center">148 (4,73)</td>
                <td align="center">529 (27,20)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">677 (12,13)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">
                  <bold>Estrat&#233;gia de investiga&#231;&#227;o</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cateterismo card&#237;aco (CATE), n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2466 (78,93)</td>
                <td align="center">1783 (91,71)</td>
                <td align="center">490 (95,69)</td>
                <td align="center">4739 (84,93)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">392 (12,54)</td>
                <td align="center">59 (3,02)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (0,38)</td>
                <td align="center">453 (8,12)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Angiotomografia de coron&#225;rias, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">112 (3,58)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (0,50)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">122 (2,19)</td>
                <td align="center">NC</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica (REMA), n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">18 (0,57)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (0,45)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (0,38)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (0,52)</td>
                <td align="center">NC</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Teste ergom&#233;trico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">9 (0,28)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">9 (0,16)</td>
                <td align="center">NC</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ecocardiograma com estresse, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">NC</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">
                  <bold>Tratamento realizado</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cl&#237;nico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1692 (54,15)</td>
                <td align="center">792 (40,73)</td>
                <td align="center">109 (21,28)</td>
                <td align="center">2593 (46,47)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Angioplastia, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">1068 (34,18)</td>
                <td align="center">912 (46,90)</td>
                <td align="center">377 (73,62)</td>
                <td align="center">2357 (42,24)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">364 (11,64)</td>
                <td align="center">240 (12,34)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (5,07)</td>
                <td align="center">630 (11,29)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>NC: n&#227;o calculado devido ao baixo n&#250;mero de pacientes; IAMSSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; IAMCSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Quanto &#224; evolu&#231;&#227;o para o total de pacientes e por grupo (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>), temos os seguintes achados: 3% dos pacientes apresentaram sangramento maior, sendo um pouco menos prevalente no grupo da AI, mesmo padr&#227;o seguido pelo acidente vascular encef&#225;lico (p-valor 0,037 e 0,007, respectivamente).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Evolu&#231;&#227;o</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th>Angina Inst&#225;vel</th>
                <th>IAMSSST</th>
                <th>IAMCSST</th>
                <th>SCA</th>
                <th>p-valor</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" colspan="6">Evolu&#231;&#227;o durante interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Sangramento maior (TIMI), n (%)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">80 (2,56)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">74 (3,80)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">18 (3,51)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">172 (3,08)</th>
                <th style="font-weight:normal">0,037</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">13 (0,41)</td>
                <td align="center">22 (1,13)</td>
                <td align="center">6 (1,17)</td>
                <td align="center">41 (0,73)</td>
                <td align="center">0,007</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Infarto/reinfarto, n(%)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (1,60)</td>
                <td align="center">37 (1,90)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (2,92)</td>
                <td align="center">102 (1,83)</td>
                <td align="center">0,109</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Morte, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">20 (0,64)</td>
                <td align="center">56 (2,88)</td>
                <td align="center">29 (5,66)</td>
                <td align="center">105 (1,88)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="6">
                  <bold>Evolu&#231;&#227;o em at&#233; 30 dias, ap&#243;s alta</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sangramento maior (TIMI), n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">118 (3,77)</td>
                <td align="center">45 (2,31)</td>
                <td align="center">10 (1,95)</td>
                <td align="center">173 (3,10)</td>
                <td align="center">0,004</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">195 (6,24)</td>
                <td align="center">87 (4,47)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (3,71)</td>
                <td align="center">310 (5,55)</td>
                <td align="center">0,005</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Infarto/reinfarto, n(%)</td>
                <td align="center">254 (8,13)</td>
                <td align="center">160 (8,23)</td>
                <td align="center">24 (4,68)</td>
                <td align="center">439 (7,86)</td>
                <td align="center">0,020</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Morte, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">35 (1,12)</td>
                <td align="center">78 (4,01)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (5,47)</td>
                <td align="center">141 (2,53)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tempo m&#233;dio de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, dias</td>
                <td align="center">6,42</td>
                <td align="center">7,55</td>
                <td align="center">7,55</td>
                <td align="center">7,17</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>IAMSSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; IAMCSST: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Infarto/reinfarto foi presente em 1,8% dos pacientes sendo mais prevalente com grupo IAMCSST (p-valor = 0,019). 1,9% dos pacientes foram a &#243;bito, sendo mais presente no grupo IAMCSST seguido do IAMSSST (p-valor&lt;0,001) (Figura 1).</p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s 30 dias de alta, 3% dos pacientes apresentaram sangramento maior, sendo um pouco menos prevalente no grupo de AI (p-valor 0,004). O acidente vascular encef&#225;lico foi presente em 5% dos pacientes, sendo um pouco menos prevalente no grupo de AI (p-valor = 0,005);</p>
      <p>Reinfarto ocorreu em 8% dos pacientes sendo menos prevalente com grupo IAMCSST (p-valor = 0,020). 2,5% dos pacientes foram a &#243;bito, sendo mais presente nos grupos com IAM (p-valor&lt;0,001). A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">figura central</xref> resume os principais achados descritos acima.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O presente registro &#233; o maior j&#225; divulgado sobre SCA at&#233; a data de publica&#231;&#227;o. De forma detalhada e consistente &#233; poss&#237;vel perceber a influ&#234;ncia dos fatores de risco predisponentes na incid&#234;ncia de SCA.</p>
      <p>As principais comorbidades encontradas (hipertens&#227;o, obesidade ou sobrepeso, diabetes e dislipidemia) est&#227;o presentes em pelo menos metade da popula&#231;&#227;o e seguem a tend&#234;ncia mundial, existindo inclusive diretrizes globalmente validadas para a preven&#231;&#227;o de tais fatores de risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> No tangente &#224; obesidade, observa-se a preval&#234;ncia em 70% dos avaliados, muito acima dos 39% descritos pela OMS em 2016, o que eleva o patamar de risco cardiovascular (RCV) da nossa popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Em 2019, um registro mundial j&#225; alertava para a obesidade como contribuinte para cinco milh&#245;es de mortes globalmente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup>De forma n&#227;o surpreendente, hipertens&#227;o, DAC, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aumentam com a obesidade.</p>
      <p>A presen&#231;a de mais de 50% indiv&#237;duos diab&#233;ticos &#233; tamb&#233;m alarmante. Em 2017, o estudo <italic>Pure</italic> alertou sobre a correla&#231;&#227;o alimentar, principalmente rica em carboidratos com doen&#231;a e morte cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Dados na literatura refor&#231;am que o aumento do RCV j&#225; est&#225; presente no pr&#233;-diab&#233;tico, e que a DCV &#233; a principal causa de morte no indiv&#237;duo diab&#233;tico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Em uma coorte realizada nos Estados Unidos, a diabetes representa um aumento de 18% de morte cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Nosso estudo refor&#231;a a necessidade de estrat&#233;gias para preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria e secund&#225;ria da DM, visto a preval&#234;ncia dessa doen&#231;a nos portadores de DAC.</p>
      <p>Setenta por cento dos pacientes representados no estudo s&#227;o hipertensos. Uma metan&#225;lise revelou a associa&#231;&#227;o da HAS com morte por DAC em todas as idades, principalmente quando associada ao tempo de doen&#231;a e a eleva&#231;&#227;o em 20mmHg na press&#227;o sist&#243;lica e 10mmHg na press&#227;o diast&#243;lica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Dados de 2019 evidenciam que a HAS foi a causa principal de 1,16 milh&#245;es de &#243;bitos, al&#233;m de 21,5 milh&#245;es de perda de expectativa de vida ajustada pela idade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Sob a &#243;tica de tais dados, o presente registro traz um alerta quanto &#224; necessidade de medidas para prevenir a HAS, dar o diagn&#243;stico precoce e evitar a in&#233;rcia terap&#234;utica.</p>
      <p>Aproximadamente metade da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada (40%) havia apresentado ao menos um epis&#243;dio de SCA. Uma coorte estadunidense avaliou aproximadamente 240 mil pacientes com primeiro evento de SCA e o risco de reincid&#234;ncia, e revelou que 40% da popula&#231;&#227;o apresenta risco de novo evento ainda no primeiro ano da alta hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Um registro brasileiro com quinze mil pacientes avaliou os principais fatores associados &#224; reincid&#234;ncia da SCA, destacando a ades&#227;o medicamentosa como um dos principais fatores contribuintes para reincid&#234;ncia de SCA. Para exemplificar, 16% dos avaliados n&#227;o tomava nenhuma das medica&#231;&#245;es recomendadas e 11,8% usavam apenas 1 das medica&#231;&#245;es em apenas 4 anos do evento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Portanto, podemos colocar a m&#225; ades&#227;o medicamentosa como um novo fator de risco a considerarmos nos pacientes.</p>
      <p>Todos os fatores anteriormente mencionados podem ser prevenidos por meio do aprimoramento de pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas voltadas &#224; preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria das DCs. Essas pol&#237;ticas englobam desde campanhas educativas sobre a relev&#226;ncia de manter uma rotina de exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos e uma dieta equilibrada. A OMS recomenda a pr&#225;tica de 150 a 300 minutos de atividade de intensidade moderada por semana ou 75 a 150 minutos de atividade intensa por semana.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Outro ponto fundamental &#233; a ades&#227;o correta &#224; medica&#231;&#227;o, a cessa&#231;&#227;o do h&#225;bito de fumar, e a implementa&#231;&#227;o de um atendimento personalizado. Todas essas medidas devem ser iniciadas nas Unidades de Sa&#250;de da Fam&#237;lia, as quais desempenham um papel crucial na detec&#231;&#227;o precoce dos principais fatores de risco para doen&#231;as na popula&#231;&#227;o assistida, al&#233;m de estabelecerem um acompanhamento na mudan&#231;a do estilo de vida dos indiv&#237;duos. Vale destacar que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o isolada dos escores de risco (GRACE, TIMI e HEART) isoladamente n&#227;o apresentaram boa acur&#225;cia para a distin&#231;&#227;o entre AI e Infarto. Estudos j&#225; sugerem classifica&#231;&#245;es combinadas para aumentar a acur&#225;cia tamb&#233;m do diagn&#243;stico angiogr&#225;fico, inclusive com os outros escores apresentados no registro.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O desempenho dos escores de risco tem sido questionado. Evid&#234;ncias recentes t&#234;m demonstrado que o julgamento cl&#237;nico associado a troponina de alta sensibilidade e eletrocardiograma t&#234;m maior sensibilidade e VPN que o escore de TIMI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Nossa pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica evidencia uma alta frequ&#234;ncia no uso de cateterismo card&#237;aco, refletindo diretamente a realidade epidemiol&#243;gica da popula&#231;&#227;o atendida. Observamos uma preval&#234;ncia significativamente elevada de DAC pr&#233;-existente entre os pacientes, aproximando-se de 60%. Este alto &#237;ndice de DAC pr&#233;via na popula&#231;&#227;o justifica a frequente recorr&#234;ncia ao cateterismo como ferramenta diagn&#243;stica e terap&#234;utica prim&#225;ria em nossa pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica.</p>
      <p>No seguimento de 30 dias ressalta-se a presen&#231;a de sangramento maior, acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico, infarto e &#243;bito associado &#224; AI. Sabe-se que atualmente o diagn&#243;stico de AI &#233; questionado na literatura,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> o que amplia os par&#226;metros de identifica&#231;&#227;o, mas ao mesmo tempo torna mais dif&#237;cil o diagn&#243;stico preciso e o manejo terap&#234;utico imediato, estando o paciente mais propenso a eventos tromboemb&#243;licos.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
        <p>A coleta de dados iniciou em 2019, momento em que a institui&#231;&#227;o ainda n&#227;o utilizava o kit de troponina de alta sensibilidade, somente este sendo padronizado em 2021. Tal fator pode ser subestimado o diagn&#243;stico de infarto, bem como superestimado o diagn&#243;stico de AI. Para a composi&#231;&#227;o de grande parte do registro as informa&#231;&#245;es eram colhidas diretamente com os pacientes, tendo como limitante a subjetividade da compreens&#227;o do questionamento, bem como um mascaramento da condi&#231;&#227;o patol&#243;gica dos pacientes, pois muitos pacientes que eram admitidos na institui&#231;&#227;o apresentavam um fr&#225;gil hist&#243;rico de acompanhamento m&#233;dico, desconhecendo at&#233; mesmo ser portadores de comorbidades identificadas na aten&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica, como hipertens&#227;o e diabetes. Desse modo, estima-se que a preval&#234;ncia das comorbidades supracitadas seja ainda maior do que a descrita no presente estudo. Acrescenta-se ainda a dificuldade de classifica&#231;&#227;o dos entrevistados quanto &#224; pr&#225;tica de atividade f&#237;sica, pois as respostas divergiram na medida em que eram novamente questionados durante o seguimento. Pela possibilidade de n&#227;o representa&#231;&#227;o fidedigna dos dados, os autores optaram por n&#227;o divulgar tal informa&#231;&#227;o, mas ressaltando a import&#226;ncia do combate ao sedentarismo como medida de preven&#231;&#227;o ao risco cardiovascular. N&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel classificar inicial a origem de todos os pacientes admitidos no pronto-socorro do servi&#231;o e o tempo total dos sintomas desde o primeiro atendimento em caso de encaminhamento. Tal fato se deve indisponibilidade dos registros do SUS com a avalia&#231;&#227;o completa do paciente at&#233; este dar entrada no pronto-socorro da institui&#231;&#227;o. Por fim, ressalta-se que o tempo de seguimento possa ter sido insuficiente para concluir sobre os principais desfechos cardiovasculares, embora os resultados encontrados sejam endossados pelos principais estudos em s&#237;ndrome coronariana na comunidade cient&#237;fica.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>O registro acima contribui para elucidar quais as estrat&#233;gias a serem utilizadas na preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria da SCA, auxiliando na gera&#231;&#227;o de pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas para tais. Destaca-se ainda a necessidade de novos estudos que incluam as demais regi&#245;es do pa&#237;s, a fim de traduzir com maior precis&#227;o a realidade de sa&#250;de nacional.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. World Health Organization. The Top 10 Causes of Death [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2024 Oct 30]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death">https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="report">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>The Top 10 Causes of Death</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
          <year>2020</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2024 Oct 30</date-in-citation>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death">https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. World Health Organization. WHO Mortality Database. Ischaemic Heart Disease [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 [cited 2024 Oct 30]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://platform.who.int/mortality/themes/theme-details/topics/indicator-groups/indicator-group-details/MDB/ischaemic-heart-disease">https://platform.who.int/mortality/themes/theme-details/topics/indicator-groups/indicator-group-details/MDB/ischaemic-heart-disease</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>WHO Mortality Database. Ischaemic Heart Disease</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
          <year>2020</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2024 Oct 30</date-in-citation>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://platform.who.int/mortality/themes/theme-details/topics/indicator-groups/indicator-group-details/MDB/ischaemic-heart-disease">https://platform.who.int/mortality/themes/theme-details/topics/indicator-groups/indicator-group-details/MDB/ischaemic-heart-disease</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Oliveira GMM, Brant LCC, Polanczyk CA, Malta DC, Biolo A, Nascimento BR, et al. Cardiovascular Statistics - Brazil 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022;118(1):115-373. doi: 10.36660/abc.20211012.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>GMM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brant</surname>
              <given-names>LCC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Polanczyk</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Malta</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Biolo</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nascimento</surname>
              <given-names>BR</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiovascular Statistics - Brazil 2021</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>118</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>115</fpage>
          <lpage>373</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20211012</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries (the INTERHEART Study): Case-control Study. Lancet. 2004;364(9438):937-52. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Yusuf</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hawken</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ounpuu</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dans</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Avezum</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lanas</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors Associated with Myocardial Infarction in 52 Countries (the INTERHEART Study): Case-control Study</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2004</year>
          <volume>364</volume>
          <issue>9438</issue>
          <fpage>937</fpage>
          <lpage>952</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17018-9</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Brasil. Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de. DATASUS. TabNet Win32 3.0: Mortalidade - Brasil - Dados preliminares [Internet]. Bras&#237;lia: Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de; 2024 [cited 2024 Oct 30]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://datasus.saude.gov.br/">https://datasus.saude.gov.br/</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="report">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Brasil</collab>
            <collab>Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de</collab>
            <collab>DATASUS</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>TabNet Win32 3.0: Mortalidade - Brasil - Dados preliminares</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Bras&#237;lia</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de</publisher-name>
          <year>2024</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2024 Oct 30</date-in-citation>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://datasus.saude.gov.br/">https://datasus.saude.gov.br/</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. Piegas LS, Avezum A, Guimar&#227;es HP, Muniz AJ, Reis HJ, Santos ES, et al. Acute Coronary Syndrome Behavior: Results of a Brazilian Registry. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013;100(6):502-10. doi: 10.5935/abc.20130101.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Piegas</surname>
              <given-names>LS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Avezum</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
              <given-names>HP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Muniz</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Reis</surname>
              <given-names>HJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>ES</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Acute Coronary Syndrome Behavior: Results of a Brazilian Registry</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>100</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>502</fpage>
          <lpage>510</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20130101</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. Piegas LS, Timerman A, Feitosa GS, Nicolau JC, Mattos LAP, Andrade MD, et al. V Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Tratamento do Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015;105(2):1-121. doi: 10.5935/abc.20150107.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Piegas</surname>
              <given-names>LS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Timerman</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Feitosa</surname>
              <given-names>GS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nicolau</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mattos</surname>
              <given-names>LAP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andrade</surname>
              <given-names>MD</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>V Diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia sobre Tratamento do Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesn&#237;vel do Segmento ST</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>105</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>121</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150107</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8. Nicolau JC, Feitosa GS Filho, Petriz JL, Furtado RHM, Pr&#233;coma DB, Lemke W, et al. Brazilian Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Unstable Angina and Acute Myocardial Infarction without ST-segment Elevation - 2021. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;117(1):181-264. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210180.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nicolau</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Feitosa</surname>
              <given-names>GS</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Petriz</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Furtado</surname>
              <given-names>RHM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pr&#233;coma</surname>
              <given-names>DB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lemke</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Brazilian Society of Cardiology Guidelines on Unstable Angina and Acute Myocardial Infarction without ST-segment Elevation - 2021</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>181</fpage>
          <lpage>264</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210180</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Nicolau JC, Timerman A, Marin-Neto JA, Piegas LS, Barbosa CJ, Franci A, et al. Guidelines of Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia for Unstable Angina and Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (II Edition, 2007) 2013-2014 Update. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014;102(3 Suppl 1):1-61. doi: 10.5935/abc.2014S001.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nicolau</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Timerman</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marin-Neto</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Piegas</surname>
              <given-names>LS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>CJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Franci</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Guidelines of Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia for Unstable Angina and Non-ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (II Edition, 2007) 2013-2014 Update</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>102</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <supplement>Suppl 1</supplement>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>61</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.2014S001</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, Chaitman BR, Bax JJ, Morrow DA, et al. Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(18):2231-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Thygesen</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alpert</surname>
              <given-names>JS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jaffe</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chaitman</surname>
              <given-names>BR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bax</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Morrow</surname>
              <given-names>DA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction (2018)</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>72</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>2231</fpage>
          <lpage>2264</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1038</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11. Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3720-826. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Byrne</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rossello</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coughlan</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbato</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berry</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chieffo</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2023 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>44</volume>
          <issue>38</issue>
          <fpage>3720</fpage>
          <lpage>3826</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):596-646. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Arnett</surname>
              <given-names>DK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blumenthal</surname>
              <given-names>RS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Albert</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Buroker</surname>
              <given-names>AB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goldberger</surname>
              <given-names>ZD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hahn</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>140</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>596</fpage>
          <lpage>646</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIR.0000000000000678</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13. World Health Organization. Obesity and Overweight [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021 [cited 2024 Oct 30]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight">https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="report">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Obesity and Overweight</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
          <year>2021</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2024 Oct 30</date-in-citation>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight">https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14. Lavie CJ, Laddu D, Arena R, Ortega FB, Alpert MA, Kushner RF. Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention: JACC Health Promotion Series. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(13):1506-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1037.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lavie</surname>
              <given-names>CJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laddu</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Arena</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ortega</surname>
              <given-names>FB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alpert</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kushner</surname>
              <given-names>RF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Healthy Weight and Obesity Prevention: JACC Health Promotion Series</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>72</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1506</fpage>
          <lpage>1531</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1037</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>15. Dehghan M, Mente A, Zhang X, Swaminathan S, Li W, Mohan V, et al. Associations of Fats and Carbohydrate Intake with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in 18 Countries from Five Continents (PURE): A Prospective Cohort Study. Lancet. 2017;390(10107):2050-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Dehghan</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mente</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Swaminathan</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mohan</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Associations of Fats and Carbohydrate Intake with Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in 18 Countries from Five Continents (PURE): A Prospective Cohort Study</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>390</volume>
          <issue>10107</issue>
          <fpage>2050</fpage>
          <lpage>2062</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>16. Vistisen D, Witte DR, Brunner EJ, Kivim&#228;ki M, Tab&#225;k A, J&#248;rgensen ME, et al. Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death in Individuals with Prediabetes Defined by Different Criteria: The Whitehall II Study. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(4):899-906. doi: 10.2337/dc17-2530.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Vistisen</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Witte</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brunner</surname>
              <given-names>EJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kivim&#228;ki</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tab&#225;k</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>J&#248;rgensen</surname>
              <given-names>ME</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death in Individuals with Prediabetes Defined by Different Criteria: The Whitehall II Study</article-title>
          <source>Diabetes Care</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>41</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>899</fpage>
          <lpage>906</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2337/dc17-2530</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>17. Raghavan S, Vassy JL, Ho YL, Song RJ, Gagnon DR, Cho K, et al. Diabetes Mellitus-related All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a National Cohort of Adults. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(4):e011295. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.011295.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Raghavan</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vassy</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ho</surname>
              <given-names>YL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Song</surname>
              <given-names>RJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gagnon</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cho</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diabetes Mellitus-related All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a National Cohort of Adults</article-title>
          <source>J Am Heart Assoc</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <elocation-id>e011295</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/JAHA.118.011295</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>18. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R; Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific Relevance of Usual Blood Pressure to Vascular Mortality: A Meta-analysis of Individual Data for One Million Adults in 61 Prospective Studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903-13. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11911-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lewington</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Clarke</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Qizilbash</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Peto</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Collins</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>Prospective Studies Collaboration</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Age-specific Relevance of Usual Blood Pressure to Vascular Mortality: A Meta-analysis of Individual Data for One Million Adults in 61 Prospective Studies</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2002</year>
          <volume>360</volume>
          <issue>9349</issue>
          <fpage>1903</fpage>
          <lpage>1913</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11911-8</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>19. Roth GA, Mensah GA, Johnson CO, Addolorato G, Ammirati E, Baddour LM, et al. Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update from the GBD 2019 Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;76(25):2982-3021. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Roth</surname>
              <given-names>GA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mensah</surname>
              <given-names>GA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Johnson</surname>
              <given-names>CO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Addolorato</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ammirati</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baddour</surname>
              <given-names>LM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Global Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases and Risk Factors, 1990-2019: Update from the GBD 2019 Study</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>76</volume>
          <issue>25</issue>
          <fpage>2982</fpage>
          <lpage>3021</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.010</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>20. Steen DL, Khan I, Andrade K, Koumas A, Giugliano RP. Event Rates and Risk Factors for Recurrent Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in a Contemporary Post Acute Coronary Syndrome Population Representing 239 234 Patients During 2005 to 2018 in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(9):e022198. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.022198.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Steen</surname>
              <given-names>DL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khan</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andrade</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Koumas</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Giugliano</surname>
              <given-names>RP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Event Rates and Risk Factors for Recurrent Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in a Contemporary Post Acute Coronary Syndrome Population Representing 239 234 Patients During 2005 to 2018 in the United States</article-title>
          <source>J Am Heart Assoc</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <elocation-id>e022198</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/JAHA.121.022198</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>21. Birck MG, Goulart AC, Lotufo PA, Bense&#241;or IM. Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Analysis on the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Sao Paulo Med J. 2019;137(3):223-33. doi: 10.1590/1516-3180.2018.0531140319.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Birck</surname>
              <given-names>MG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goulart</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lotufo</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bense&#241;or</surname>
              <given-names>IM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Analysis on the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil)</article-title>
          <source>Sao Paulo Med J</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>137</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>223</fpage>
          <lpage>233</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1516-3180.2018.0531140319</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>22. World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="report">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour</source>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
          <year>2020</year>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation>23. Cedro AV, Mota DM, Ohe LN, Timerman A, Costa JR, Castro LS. Association between Clinical Risk Score (Heart, Grace and TIMI) and Angiographic Complexity in Acute Coronary Syndrome without ST Segment Elevation. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;117(2):281-7. doi: 10.36660/abc.20190417.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cedro</surname>
              <given-names>AV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mota</surname>
              <given-names>DM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ohe</surname>
              <given-names>LN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Timerman</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>JR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Castro</surname>
              <given-names>LS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association between Clinical Risk Score (Heart, Grace and TIMI) and Angiographic Complexity in Acute Coronary Syndrome without ST Segment Elevation</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>281</fpage>
          <lpage>287</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190417</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation>24. Meier M, Boeddinghaus J, Nestelberger T, Koechlin L, Lopez-Ayala P, Wussler D, et al. Comparing the Utility of Clinical Risk Scores and Integrated Clinical Judgement in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2023;12(10):693-702. doi: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuad081.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Meier</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boeddinghaus</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nestelberger</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Koechlin</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lopez-Ayala</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wussler</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparing the Utility of Clinical Risk Scores and Integrated Clinical Judgement in Patients with Suspected Acute Coronary Syndrome</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>693</fpage>
          <lpage>702</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ehjacc/zuad081</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation>25. Eggers KM. Does UA Still Exist in the Era of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays? [Internet]. Washington: American College of Cardiology; 2018 [cited 2024 Oct 30]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2018/04/06/09/23/does-ua-still-exist-in-the-era-of-high-sensitivity-cardiac-troponin-assays">https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2018/04/06/09/23/does-ua-still-exist-in-the-era-of-high-sensitivity-cardiac-troponin-assays</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Eggers</surname>
              <given-names>KM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Does UA Still Exist in the Era of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays?</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Washington</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>American College of Cardiology</publisher-name>
          <year>2018</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2024 Oct 30</date-in-citation>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2018/04/06/09/23/does-ua-still-exist-in-the-era-of-high-sensitivity-cardiac-troponin-assays">https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2018/04/06/09/23/does-ua-still-exist-in-the-era-of-high-sensitivity-cardiac-troponin-assays</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica:</label>
        <p> N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado:</label>
        <p> Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento:</label>
        <p> O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240165i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Acute Coronary Syndrome in Brazil: Registration of Predisposing Factors and Population Profile in a National Public Reference Cardiological Institute</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2059-6484</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Kaliana</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4108-4653</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ramadan</surname>
            <given-names>Hugo Ribeiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Baccaro</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Mendon&#231;a</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Bicalho</surname>
            <given-names>Vinicius Vaz de Sales</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Italo Menezes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ohe</surname>
            <given-names>Louis Nakayama</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Vitor Sobreira Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feres</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Franchini</surname>
            <given-names>Kleber</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Timerman</surname>
            <given-names>Ari</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mota</surname>
            <given-names>Diandro Marinho</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Kaliana Nascimento &#8226; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia - Avenida Doutor Dante Pazzanese, 500. Postal Code 04012-909, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: kaliana.almeida@dantepazzanese.org.br </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest:</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Central Illustration</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: Acute Coronary Syndrome in Brazil: Registration of Predisposing Factors and Population Profile in a National Public Reference Cardiological Institute</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-122-01-e20240165-40165-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Knowing the predisposing factors is essential for preventing it.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p> To describe the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of the population with ACS admitted to an emergency room in the State of S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> The prospective cohort study, based on electronic medical records from a public cardiology institute located in the state of S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil, describes 5,580 patients hospitalized with ACS between August 2018 and October 2022. The main epidemiological characteristics, the association between confirmed ACS and risk scores, and adverse events during hospitalization and in the 30-day follow-up after hospital discharge were evaluated. The significance level was set at 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> The main factors associated with ACS were hypertension (80.38%), obesity or overweight (72.47%), and previous coronary artery disease (CAD) (59.11%). In the GRACE score, 65.10% were considered low risk, while 81.34% in the TIMI and 71.16% in the HEART were identified as moderate risk. Catheterization represented 84.93% of the diagnostic methods. Clinical treatment was the strategy adopted in 46.47% of the cases. In the 30-day evolution, 3.10% presented major bleeding, 7.86% infarction/reinfarction, 5.55% stroke, and 2.53% evolved to death.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p> The results of the largest Brazilian ACS registry to date highlight the impact of potentially modifiable risk factors on the occurrence of ischemic events in the local population. The findings may contribute to the development of public policies aimed at preventing and controlling the burden of ischemic disease in the country.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) from 2019 reveals that approximately 18 million deaths were due to CVD. Among the main causes of death from CVD,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the most important. In 2019, around 9 million deaths from IHD were recorded (The top 10 causes of death.&#8221; World Health Organization (WHO), December 9, 2020.), with more than 100,000 in Brazil, representing 43% of all deaths from CVD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In the national registry DATASUS 2021, approximately 115,000 deaths from IHD were described, reflecting the global scenario. Among the main causes for the alarming numbers are preventable risk factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, smoking, obesity, and poor control of hypertension and diabetes. The INTERHEART study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> highlights the factors cited as the main barriers to be overcome, and despite technological advances and the efforts of health institutions, controlling such factors remains challenging.</p>
        <p>In Brazil, the Southeast has the highest percentage of deaths due to IHD (47%), with the largest representation in the State of S&#227;o Paulo (57%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>It is essential to understand the epidemiological and demographic profile of patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) to understand the modifiable factors of IHD.</p>
        <p>The last large Brazilian registry of ACS dates back to 2013 and included 2,693 patients,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> when high-sensitivity troponin was not yet used for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The present study encompasses the incidence of unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients admitted to a nationally renowned cardiology institute located in the state of S&#227;o Paulo, with an average of 3,000 cardiology consultations per month. The objective is to present the ACS classification profile according to the institution evaluated, as well as comorbidities, the main therapeutic and treatment strategies used at the time of the study, and the main outcomes over the 30 days of follow-up. The aim is to contribute to the scientific community in understanding how to prevent the occurrence of ACS, a topic that is still challenging in the 21st century.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study design and patient selection</title>
          <p>This study consists of a prospective cohort study conducted at a cardiology institute located in the state of S&#227;o Paulo. Patients diagnosed with ACS were included in the registry at the time of hospital admission and followed up by telephone calls or by completing a form sent by email for a 30-day follow-up. The inclusion period covers August 2018 to October 2022. The institution&#8217;s ethics committee approved the study. In total, 5580 hospitalized patients were evaluated, all with suspected or confirmed diagnoses of ACS, including UA, NSTEMI, and STEMI. The diagnostic methodology for ACS followed the Brazilian guidelines for ACS and AMI in force at the time of the cohort study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
          <p>The specific diagnosis of AMI is based on the guidelines of the fourth definition of infarction, which considers the elevation or fall of high-sensitivity troponin levels above the 99th percentile. This criterion must be associated with at least one indication of ischemia, which may be symptoms of myocardial ischemia, electrocardiographic changes indicative of ischemia, the presence of a new Q wave on the ECG, coronary angiography results showing thrombosis or evidence of loss of wall or muscle viability in non-invasive imaging tests.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
          <p>UA was defined as myocardial ischemia at rest or with minimal exertion in the absence of acute injury (troponin curve). It is characterized by specific clinical findings of prolonged angina (more than 20 minutes) at rest, recent onset and severe angina, angina increasing in frequency and duration or lower in tolerability threshold, or angina after a recent episode of myocardial infarction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
          <p>For the analysis, high-sensitivity troponin I from the VITROS kit (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics) was used, with a quantification threshold set at 1.5 ng/L and a threshold for the 99th percentile set at 11 ng/L. The sampling intervals adopted were from 0 to 1 hour. It is important to note that until October 2021, the institution used a type of troponin that did not have the high-sensitivity classification (Troponin Biomerieux).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Clinical data and outcomes</title>
          <p>The main epidemiological characteristics of the population mentioned above were evaluated, including age, gender, overweight, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin-dependent or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, smoking, chronic kidney disease, and history of IHD.</p>
          <p>Patients were classified according to chest pain/ACS scores (HEART score, TIMI risk, and GRACE). The objective was to evaluate the incidence of ACS according to the main investigation methods (catheterization, myocardial scintigraphy, coronary angiotomography, exercise stress test, myocardial resonance imaging, or stress echocardiography) and to associate it with the epidemiological factors and scores previously described. We also present the main treatment strategies (clinical, angioplasty, and surgery) and the rate of major bleeding, stroke, infarction, and death during the hospital stay up to 30 days after hospital discharge.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Continuous variables were described using median and interquartile range, and categorical variables were presented using absolute and relative frequencies. The association between groups for categorical variables was assessed using the Chi-Square test. The comparison between groups for continuous variables was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by the Dunn test, since the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test showed that these variables do not have a normal distribution. The significance level adopted was 5%. The R Core Team (2023) software was used.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> presents the clinical and demographic profile of a total of 5,580 patients and also by group (UA, NSTEMI, and STEMI), in addition to the comparison between the three groups, with a median age of 63 years. Patients in the non-ST AMI group are older than patients in the other two groups (p-value &lt;0.001).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Demographic and clinical profile</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variable</th>
                  <th>Unstable Angina</th>
                  <th>NSTEMI</th>
                  <th>STEMI</th>
                  <th>ACS</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>N (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3124 (55.99)</td>
                  <td align="center">1944 (34.84)</td>
                  <td align="center">512 (9.18)</td>
                  <td align="center">5580 (100)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age (years), median (q1-q3)</td>
                  <td align="center">63 (56-70)</td>
                  <td align="center">63 (55-69)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (58-72)</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (55-70)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Female, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1153 (36.90)</td>
                  <td align="center">692 (35.59)</td>
                  <td align="center">160 (31.25)</td>
                  <td align="center">2005 (35.93)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.044</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Average BMI (Kg/m<sup>2</sup>), median (q1-q3)</td>
                  <td align="center">27.6 (24.8-30.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">27.7 (25-30.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">27.4 (24.6-0.4</td>
                  <td align="center">27.3 (24.5-30.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1836 (58.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">1075 (55.29)</td>
                  <td align="center">245 (47.85)</td>
                  <td align="center">3156 (56.55)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>NIDDM, n</td>
                  <td align="center">1344 (73.20)</td>
                  <td align="center">727 (67.62)</td>
                  <td align="center">186 (75.91)</td>
                  <td align="center">2257 (71.51)</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>IDDM, n</td>
                  <td align="center">492 (26.90)</td>
                  <td align="center">348 (32.37)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (24.08)</td>
                  <td align="center">899 (28.48)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypertension, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2551 (81.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">1572 (80.86)</td>
                  <td align="center">362 (70.70)</td>
                  <td align="center">4485 (80.38)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Overweight/obesity, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2312 (74.00)</td>
                  <td align="center">1372 (70.57)</td>
                  <td align="center">360 (70.31)</td>
                  <td align="center">4044 (72.47)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Overweight, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1371 (59.29)</td>
                  <td align="center">840 (61.22)</td>
                  <td align="center">217 (60.27)</td>
                  <td align="center">2428 (60.03)</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4">0.062</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Obesity GI, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">676 (29.23)</td>
                  <td align="center">385 (28.06)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (27.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">1161 (28.70)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Obesity GII, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">179 (7.74)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (7.28)</td>
                  <td align="center">36 (10.00)</td>
                  <td align="center">315 (7.78)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Obesity GIII, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">86 (3.71)</td>
                  <td align="center">47 (3.42)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (1.94)</td>
                  <td align="center">140 (3.46)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Smoking (or recently quit), n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">587 (18.79)</td>
                  <td align="center">394 (20.26)</td>
                  <td align="center">168 (32.81)</td>
                  <td align="center">1149 (20.59)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dyslipidemia, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1717 (54.96)</td>
                  <td align="center">1065 (54.78)</td>
                  <td align="center">203 (39.64)</td>
                  <td align="center">2985 (53.49)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Chronic kidney disease</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stage I, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1362 (43.59)</td>
                  <td align="center">673 (34.61)</td>
                  <td align="center">228 (44.52)</td>
                  <td align="center">2263 (40.55)</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="5">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stage II, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1106 (35.39)</td>
                  <td align="center">660 (33.94)</td>
                  <td align="center">160 (31.24)</td>
                  <td align="center">1926 (34.51)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stage III, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">344 (11.00)</td>
                  <td align="center">301 (15.47)</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (9.95)</td>
                  <td align="center">696 (12.46)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stage IV, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">203 (6.49)</td>
                  <td align="center">194 (9.97)</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (7.80)</td>
                  <td align="center">437 (7.82)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stage V or TRS, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">109 (3.48)</td>
                  <td align="center">116 (5.96)</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (6.44)</td>
                  <td align="center">258 (4.61)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous CAD, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1932 (61.83)</td>
                  <td align="center">1162 (59.76)</td>
                  <td align="center">205 (40.03)</td>
                  <td align="center">3299 (59.11)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>ACS: Acute coronary syndrome; BMI: body mass index; NIDDM: non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; IDDM: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; CAD: coronary artery disease; NSTEMI: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>The prevalence of females (36%) is lower in the NSTEMI group compared to the other two groups (p-value &lt;0.001). Despite little difference between the groups in relation to body mass index (BMI), the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests showed that the UA group has a higher BMI than the other two groups (p-value &lt;0.001). Among people with diabetes (57%), there is a greater association of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with UA and STEMI, while insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is more associated with NSTEMI.</p>
        <p>The prevalence of hypertension (80%) was lower in the STEMI group compared to the other two groups (p-value &lt;0.001). No associations were observed between the groups in relation to overweight/obesity (p-value = 0.062). Smokers or those who recently quit smoking accounted for 21% of patients, with a higher prevalence in the STEMI group compared to the other two groups (p-value &lt;0.001).</p>
        <p>The prevalence of dyslipidemia is lower in the STEMI group compared to the other two groups (p-value &lt;0.001). The prevalence of previous CAD (59%) is lower in the infarction with the supra group compared to the other two groups (p-value &lt;0.001).</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> presents the risk classification, investigation and treatment strategy for all patients and by group, in addition to the comparison between the groups.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Risk classification, investigation, and treatment strategy</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variable</th>
                  <th>Unstable Angina</th>
                  <th>NSTEMI</th>
                  <th>STEMI</th>
                  <th>ACS</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Risk classification</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>GRACE low risk, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2432 (77.84)</td>
                  <td align="center">987 (50.76)</td>
                  <td align="center">214 (41.79)</td>
                  <td align="center">3633 (65.10)</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>GRACE moderate risk, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">627 (20.06)</td>
                  <td align="center">727 (37.39)</td>
                  <td align="center">198 (38.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">1552 (27.81)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>GRACE high risk, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (2.07)</td>
                  <td align="center">230 (11.82)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (19.52)</td>
                  <td align="center">395 (7.08)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>TIMI low risk, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">415 (13.27)</td>
                  <td align="center">148 (7.60)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (9.56)</td>
                  <td align="center">612 (10.97)</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>TIMI moderate risk, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2631 (84.21)</td>
                  <td align="center">1517 (78.02)</td>
                  <td align="center">391 (76.36)</td>
                  <td align="center">4539 (81.34)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>TIMI high risk, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">78 (2.49)</td>
                  <td align="center">279 (14.34)</td>
                  <td align="center">72 (14.05)</td>
                  <td align="center">429 (7.69)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HEART low risk, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">368 (11.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">60 (3.08)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">428 (7.67)</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HEART moderate risk, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2616 (83.73)</td>
                  <td align="center">1355 (69.69)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">3971 (71.16)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>HEART high risk (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">148 (4.73)</td>
                  <td align="center">529 (27.20)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">677 (12.13)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Research strategy</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cardiac catheterization (CATE), n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2466 (78.93)</td>
                  <td align="center">1783 (91.71)</td>
                  <td align="center">490 (95.69)</td>
                  <td align="center">4739 (84.93)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Myocardial scintigraphy, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">392 (12.54)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (3.02)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0.38)</td>
                  <td align="center">453 (8.12)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coronary angiotomography, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (3.58)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (0.50)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">122 (2.19)</td>
                  <td align="center">NC</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Magnetic resonance imaging, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (0.57)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (0.45)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0.38)</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (0.52)</td>
                  <td align="center">NC</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Exercise test, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (0.28)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (0.16)</td>
                  <td align="center">NC</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stress echocardiogram, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">NC</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Treatment performed</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Clinical, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1692 (54.15)</td>
                  <td align="center">792 (40.73)</td>
                  <td align="center">109 (21.28)</td>
                  <td align="center">2593 (46.47)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Angioplasty, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1068 (34.18)</td>
                  <td align="center">912 (46.90)</td>
                  <td align="center">377 (73.62)</td>
                  <td align="center">2357 (42.24)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coronary artery bypass grafting, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">364 (11.64)</td>
                  <td align="center">240 (12.34)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (5.07)</td>
                  <td align="center">630 (11.29)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>NC: not calculated due to the small number of patients; ACS: Acute coronary syndrome. NSTEMI: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Regarding the evolution for the total number of patients and by group (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref>), we have the following findings: 3% of patients presented major bleeding, being slightly less prevalent in the UA group, the same pattern followed by stroke (p-value 0.037 and 0.007, respectively).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Evolution</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Variable</th>
                  <th>Unstable Angina</th>
                  <th>NSTEMI</th>
                  <th>STEMI</th>
                  <th>ACS</th>
                  <th>p-value</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="6">Evolution during the hospital stay</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Major bleeding (TIMI), n (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">80 (2.56)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">74 (3.80)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">18 (3.51)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">172 (3.08)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">0.037</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stroke, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (0.41)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (1.13)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (1.17)</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (0.73)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.007</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarction/reinfarction, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (1.60)</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (1.90)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (2.92)</td>
                  <td align="center">102 (1.83)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.109</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Death, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (0.64)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (2.88)</td>
                  <td align="center">29 (5.66)</td>
                  <td align="center">105 (1.88)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="6">
                    <bold>Evolution within 30 days after discharge</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Major bleeding (TIMI), n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">118 (3.77)</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (2.31)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (1.95)</td>
                  <td align="center">173 (3.10)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.004</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stroke, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">195 (6.24)</td>
                  <td align="center">87 (4.47)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (3.71)</td>
                  <td align="center">310 (5.55)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.005</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarction/reinfarction, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">254 (8.13)</td>
                  <td align="center">160 (8.23)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (4.68)</td>
                  <td align="center">439 (7.86)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.020</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Death, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (1.12)</td>
                  <td align="center">78 (4.01)</td>
                  <td align="center">28 (5.47)</td>
                  <td align="center">141 (2.53)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Average length of hospital stay, days</td>
                  <td align="center">6.42</td>
                  <td align="center">7.55</td>
                  <td align="center">7.55</td>
                  <td align="center">7.17</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3001">
                <p>ACS: Acute coronary syndrome. NSTEMI: non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI: ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Infarction/reinfarction was present in 1.8% of patients, being more prevalent in the STEMI group (p-value = 0.019). 1.9% of patients died, being more present in the STEMI group, followed by the NSTEMI group (p-value &lt;0.001) (Figure 1).</p>
        <p>After 30 days of discharge, 3% of patients presented major bleeding, being slightly less prevalent in the UA group (p-value 0.004). Stroke was present in 5% of patients, being somewhat less commonplace in the UA group (p-value = 0.005).</p>
        <p>Reinfarction occurred in 8% of patients and was less prevalent in the STEMI group (p-value = 0.020). 2.5% of patients died, and it was more common in the AMI groups (p-value &lt;0.001). The <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">central figure</xref> summarizes the main findings described above.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This is the largest registry on ACS published to date. The influence of predisposing risk factors on the incidence of ACS can be seen in a detailed and consistent manner.</p>
        <p>The main comorbidities found (hypertension, obesity or overweight, diabetes, and dyslipidemia) are present in at least half of the population and follow the global trend, with globally validated guidelines even existing for the prevention of such risk factors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Regarding obesity, the prevalence of 70% of those evaluated was observed, well above the 39% described by the WHO in 2016, which raises the level of cardiovascular risk (CVR) in our population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> In 2019, a global registry already warned of obesity as a contributor to five million deaths globally.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup>Unsurprisingly, hypertension, CAD, and heart failure increase with obesity.</p>
        <p>The presence of more than 50% of diabetic individuals is also alarming. In 2017, the Pure study warned about the correlation of dietary intake, especially high in carbohydrates, with CVD and death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Data in the literature reinforce that the increase in CVR is already present in pre-diabetics and that CVD is the main cause of death in diabetic individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> In a cohort study conducted in the United States, diabetes accounts for an 18% increase in cardiovascular death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Our study reinforces the need for strategies for primary and secondary prevention of DM, given the prevalence of this disease in patients with CAD.</p>
        <p>Seventy percent of the patients represented in the study were hypertensive. A meta-analysis revealed the association of hypertension with death from CAD at all ages, especially when associated with the duration of the disease and an increase of 20 mmHg in systolic pressure and 10 mmHg in diastolic pressure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Data from 2019 show that hypertension was the main cause of 1.16 million deaths, in addition to 21.5 million loss of age-adjusted life expectancy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> From the perspective of such data, this record brings an alert regarding the need for measures to prevent hypertension, provide early diagnosis, and avoid therapeutic inertia.</p>
        <p>Approximately half of the population studied (40%) had experienced at least one episode of ACS. A US cohort evaluated approximately 240,000 patients with a first ACS event and the risk of recurrence and revealed that 40% of the population was at risk of a new event within the first year of hospital discharge.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> A Brazilian registry of fifteen thousand patients evaluated the main factors associated with the recurrence of ACS, highlighting medication adherence as one of the main contributing factors to the recurrence of ACS. For example, 16% of those evaluated did not take any of the recommended medications, and 11.8% used only 1 of the medicines in just 4 years after the event.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Therefore, we can consider poor medication adherence as a new risk factor to consider in patients.</p>
        <p>All of the factors mentioned above can be prevented by improving public policies aimed at the primary prevention of CVD. These policies include educational campaigns on the importance of maintaining a physical exercise routine and a balanced diet. The WHO recommends practicing 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity activity per week or 75 to 150 minutes of intense activity per week.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Another fundamental point is proper adherence to medication, cessation of smoking, and implementation of personalized care. All of these measures should be initiated in Family Health Units, which play a crucial role in the early detection of the main risk factors for diseases in the population assisted, in addition to establishing a follow-up in the changes in the individuals&#8217; lifestyle. It is worth noting that the isolated use of risk scores (GRACE, TIMI, and HEART) alone did not show good accuracy in distinguishing between UA and Infarction. Studies have already suggested combined classifications to increase the accuracy of angiographic diagnosis, including with the other scores presented in the registry.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The performance of risk scores has been questioned. Recent evidence has shown that clinical judgment combined with high-sensitivity troponin and electrocardiogram has greater sensitivity and NPV than the TIMI score.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Our clinical practice shows a high frequency of cardiac catheterization, directly reflecting the epidemiological reality of the population we serve. We observed a significantly high prevalence of pre-existing CAD among patients, approaching 60%. This high rate of previous CAD in the population justifies the frequent recurrence of catheterization as a primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool in our medical practice.</p>
        <p>During the 30-day follow-up, the presence of major bleeding, ischemic stroke, infarction, and death associated with UA is highlighted. It is known that the diagnosis of UA is currently questioned in the literature,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> which expands the identification parameters but at the same time makes accurate diagnosis and immediate therapeutic management more difficult, making the patient more prone to thromboembolic events.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study limitations</title>
          <p>Data collection began in 2019 when the institution did not yet use the high-sensitivity troponin kit, which was only standardized in 2021. This factor can underestimate the diagnosis of infarction, as well as overestimate the diagnosis of UA. For the composition of a large part of the record, the information was collected directly from the patients, with limitations such as the subjectivity of understanding the questioning, as well as masking of the pathological condition of the patients, since many patients who were admitted to the institution had a weak history of medical follow-up, and were even unaware of having comorbidities identified in primary care, such as hypertension and diabetes. Thus, it is estimated that the prevalence of the comorbidities mentioned above is even higher than that described in the present study. In addition, there was difficulty in classifying the interviewees regarding the practice of physical activity since the answers diverged as they were questioned again during the follow-up. Due to the possibility of unreliable representation of the data, the authors chose not to disclose this information but emphasized the importance of combating a sedentary lifestyle as a measure to prevent cardiovascular risk. It was not possible to initially classify the origin of all patients admitted to the emergency room of the service and the total duration of symptoms since the first visit in case of referral. This is due to the unavailability of SUS records with the complete evaluation of the patient until they were admitted to the emergency room of the institution. Finally, it is emphasized that the follow-up time may have been insufficient to conclude the main cardiovascular outcomes, although the results found are endorsed by the main studies on coronary syndrome in the scientific community.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The above record contributes to elucidating which strategies should be used in the primary prevention of ACS, assisting in the generation of public policies for such. It is also worth highlighting the need for new studies that include other regions of the country, in order to reflect the national health reality more accurately.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Study association:</label>
          <p> This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate:</label>
          <p> This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <label>Sources of funding:</label>
          <p> There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
