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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">5jBHrGDfPgyTdbCWzjbkxyq</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024001200206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240771</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00206</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Abla&#231;&#227;o de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia de Alta Pot&#234;ncia e Curta Dura&#231;&#227;o: T&#233;cnica Ponto a Ponto ou de Arrasto de Cateter?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0854-7564</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fenelon</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Arritmia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Centro de Arritmia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Guilherme Fenelon</bold> &#8226; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Centro de Arritmia &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627 Pavilh&#227;o Vicky e Joseph Safra, Sala 416. CEP <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>guilhermefenelon@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>14</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240771</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Radiofrequ&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Veias Pulmonares</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O isolamento das veias pulmonares (IVP) &#233; universalmente aceito como a pedra angular da abla&#231;&#227;o da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA). As diretrizes atuais<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> recomendam o isolamento el&#233;trico das veias pulmonares em todos os procedimentos de abla&#231;&#227;o da FA (Classe I, n&#237;vel de evid&#234;ncia A). Atualmente, os m&#233;todos mais comuns para realizar IVP s&#227;o a radiofrequ&#234;ncia (RF) ponto a ponto guiada por mapeamento 3D ou o criobal&#227;o. Ambos s&#227;o energias t&#233;rmicas, criando les&#245;es por aquecimento (RF) ou congelamento (crioenergia) do tecido. Vale ressaltar que foi consistentemente demonstrado que a abla&#231;&#227;o por RF e a abla&#231;&#227;o por criobal&#227;o s&#227;o igualmente eficazes e seguras para tratar pacientes com FA parox&#237;stica. No entanto, a abla&#231;&#227;o por criobal&#227;o &#233; mais reprodut&#237;vel dentro dos grupos do que a abla&#231;&#227;o por RF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Os resultados da abla&#231;&#227;o por RF est&#227;o intimamente relacionados ao operador e ao volume do centro. Al&#233;m disso, pode haver variabilidade significativa no n&#250;mero de les&#245;es de abla&#231;&#227;o criadas, na for&#231;a aplicada pela ponta do cateter ao tecido &#8212; conhecida como for&#231;a de contato &#8212; e na quantidade e dura&#231;&#227;o do fornecimento de energia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os protocolos de abla&#231;&#227;o mudaram significativamente durante a &#250;ltima d&#233;cada, particularmente com rela&#231;&#227;o aos par&#226;metros de RF. As configura&#231;&#245;es de pot&#234;ncia convencionais eram de 20-35 W em 30-60 segundos. Nos &#250;ltimos anos, os protocolos de alta pot&#234;ncia e curta dura&#231;&#227;o (HPSD) que utilizam RF em n&#237;veis de pot&#234;ncia de 40-50 W para dura&#231;&#245;es mais curtas ganharam popularidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> De fato, a t&#233;cnica HPSD est&#225; associada a tempos mais curtos para atingir IVP e maior liberdade de recorr&#234;ncias de FA, embora com uma tend&#234;ncia para mais &#234;mbolos cerebrais assintom&#225;ticos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O objetivo da abla&#231;&#227;o de FA com energia de RF &#233; criar les&#245;es circunferenciais cont&#237;nuas ao redor do antro das veias pulmonares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A RF pode ser administrada por meio de uma t&#233;cnica ponto a ponto, na qual aplica&#231;&#245;es &#250;nicas s&#227;o criadas em cada ponto antes de mover a ponta do cateter para o pr&#243;ximo ponto. Embora altamente eficaz, essa abordagem pode ser demorada. Para superar essa limita&#231;&#227;o, uma t&#233;cnica de arrasto foi desenvolvida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Nesse m&#233;todo, a RF &#233; administrada continuamente &#224; medida que o cateter &#233; arrastado ao longo da linha de les&#227;o pretendida. Esse m&#233;todo encurta a dura&#231;&#227;o do procedimento e tem sido amplamente utilizado, mas com a introdu&#231;&#227;o de marcadores avan&#231;ados de qualidade de les&#227;o em tempo real,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> ele perdeu a popularidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A durabilidade do IVP &#233; o fator mais importante que afeta as taxas de recorr&#234;ncia de FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Assim, para obter IVP dur&#225;vel, &#233; fundamental criar les&#245;es de abla&#231;&#227;o de boa qualidade. Os sistemas atuais de abla&#231;&#227;o por RF integraram algoritmos de predi&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es em tempo real para estimar as caracter&#237;sticas e a qualidade das les&#245;es. O &#237;ndice de abla&#231;&#227;o (AI) incorpora for&#231;a de contato, tempo e pot&#234;ncia em uma f&#243;rmula ponderada, enquanto o &#237;ndice de les&#227;o (IL) usa tempo, pot&#234;ncia, for&#231;a de contato e imped&#226;ncia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> As estrat&#233;gias de abla&#231;&#227;o guiadas por AI e IL demonstraram melhorar os resultados do procedimento, al&#233;m de reduzir a dura&#231;&#227;o do procedimento e o tempo de RF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Como resultado, os indicadores de qualidade da les&#227;o tornaram-se regularmente usados pela maioria dos eletrofisiologistas em todo o mundo. No entanto, &#233; importante observar que a abla&#231;&#227;o guiada por AI e IL &#233; limitada a t&#233;cnicas ponto a ponto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos ABC, Vassalo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> relatam 214 pacientes (idade m&#233;dia de 61 &#177; 12 anos) submetidos &#224; abla&#231;&#227;o de FA usando HPSD (50 W) com uma t&#233;cnica de arrasto na qual o cateter era movido a cada 2-5 segundos durante a administra&#231;&#227;o cont&#237;nua de RF. A maioria dos pacientes era do sexo masculino (67%) com FA parox&#237;stica (58%). Al&#233;m disso, as dimens&#245;es atriais e a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo eram normais. Em um acompanhamento m&#233;dio de 32,8 &#177; 13,2 meses, a recorr&#234;ncia de FA foi observada em 43 pacientes (20,1%). Como esperado, as taxas de recorr&#234;ncia foram maiores na FA persistente (26,7%) em compara&#231;&#227;o &#224; FA parox&#237;stica (15,3%). A an&#225;lise multivariada identificou os seguintes preditores cl&#237;nicos de recorr&#234;ncia: idade &#8805; 65 anos (p= 0,006); obesidade [&#237;ndice de massa corporal &gt; 30 (p= 0,009)]; Pontua&#231;&#227;o CHA2DS2VASC &#8805; 3 (p= 0,003) e FA persistente (p= 0,045). Al&#233;m disso, um aumento na frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca &#8805; 30% (p= 0,04) e &lt; 60 min no &#225;trio esquerdo (p= 0,007) foram preditores de sucesso da abla&#231;&#227;o. Infelizmente, as recorr&#234;ncias de FA foram avaliadas com ECGs e grava&#231;&#245;es de Holter de 24 horas, o que pode ter superestimado as taxas de sucesso. Al&#233;m disso, 73 de 100 (73%) pacientes submetidos &#224; cardiovers&#227;o el&#233;trica no dia da abla&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o converteram para ritmo sinusal e foram exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise. Portanto, os achados do estudo em pacientes com FA persistente devem ser vistos com cautela.</p>
    <p>Apesar dessas limita&#231;&#245;es, os resultados do estudo s&#227;o compar&#225;veis aos ensaios de abla&#231;&#227;o controlada usando HPSD e abordagem de indicadores guiados por les&#227;o em pacientes com FA parox&#237;stica com cora&#231;&#245;es normais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, todos os preditores cl&#237;nicos de recorr&#234;ncia est&#227;o bem estabelecidos na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> A signific&#226;ncia dos aumentos na frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e menor tempo de perman&#234;ncia no &#225;trio esquerdo como preditores do sucesso da abla&#231;&#227;o &#233; menos clara. O primeiro pode refletir denerva&#231;&#227;o vagal, mas inflama&#231;&#227;o e medicamentos antiarr&#237;tmicos tamb&#233;m afetam a frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O &#250;ltimo pode ser simplesmente um marcador de uma anatomia atrial esquerda amig&#225;vel. Tomadas em conjunto, essas observa&#231;&#245;es sugerem que HPSD usando a t&#233;cnica de arrasto ou abordagem ponto a ponto guiada por IA e IL pode produzir resultados semelhantes. Na aus&#234;ncia de grandes ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados comparando essas t&#233;cnicas,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> a escolha entre abla&#231;&#227;o por arrasto ou ponto a ponto deve considerar a prefer&#234;ncia e a experi&#234;ncia do operador.</p>
    <p>O estudo atual destaca a heterogeneidade marcante dos protocolos de abla&#231;&#227;o por RF empregados para atingir IVP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Apoiando essa premissa, o HPSD foi realizado usando 40 W, 45 W ou 50 W.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Embora o arrasto do cateter ainda seja usado por alguns grupos, &#233; improv&#225;vel que se utilize a mesma abordagem de abla&#231;&#227;o e configura&#231;&#245;es de RF que Vassalo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> O mesmo vale para a t&#233;cnica de escolha indiscut&#237;vel de IA e abla&#231;&#227;o ponto a ponto guiada por IL, na qual a personaliza&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros de RF e conjuntos de les&#245;es ocorre com frequ&#234;ncia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Portanto, &#233; importante reconhecer que a abordagem de abla&#231;&#227;o ideal e as configura&#231;&#245;es de RF em termos de seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia ainda precisam ser determinadas. Por fim, no final das contas, independentemente da t&#233;cnica usada, o que realmente importa &#233; obter IVP de forma consistente.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Abla&#231;&#227;o de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial de Curta Dura&#231;&#227;o e Alta Pot&#234;ncia: Preditores de Sucesso e Reincid&#234;ncia em Longo Prazo &#8211; Uma An&#225;lise Multivariada</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240771i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>High-power, Short-duration Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: Point-by-Point or Catheter Dragging Technique?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0854-7564</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Fenelon</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Centro de Arritmia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Guilherme Fenelon</bold> &#8226; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein - Centro de Arritmia &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627 Pavilh&#227;o Vicky e Joseph Safra, Sala 416. Postal Code <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>guilhermefenelon@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Radiofrequency Ablation</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Veins</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is universally accepted as the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Current guidelines<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> recommend electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins in all AF ablation procedures (Class I, level of evidence A). As of today, the most common methods to perform PVI are point-by-point radiofrequency (RF) guided by 3D mapping or the cryoballoon. Both are thermal energies, creating lesions by heating (RF) or freezing (cryoenergy) the tissue. Of note, it has been consistently demonstrated that RF ablation and cryoballoon ablation are equally effective and safe for treating patients with paroxysmal AF. However, cryoballoon ablation is more reproducible within groups than RF ablation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The outcomes of RF ablation are closely related to operator and center volumes. Furthermore, there can be significant variability in the number of ablation lesions created, the force applied by the tip of the catheter to the tissue&#8212;known as contact force&#8212;and the amount and duration of power delivery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Ablation protocols have changed significantly during the last decade, particularly with respect to RF parameters. Conventional power settings were 20-35 W over 30-60 seconds. In recent years, high-power, short-duration (HPSD) protocols utilizing RF at power levels of 40-50 W for shorter durations have gained popularity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Indeed, the HPSD technique is associated with shorter times to achieve PVI and greater freedom from AF recurrences, albeit with a trend towards more asymptomatic cerebral emboli.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The goal of AF ablation with RF energy is to create continuous circumferential lesions around the antra of the pulmonary veins.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> RF can be delivered via a point-by-point technique, in which single applications are created at each point before moving the catheter tip to the next point. Although highly effective, this approach may be time-consuming. To overcome this limitation, a dragging technique has been developed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> In this method, RF is continuously delivered as the catheter is dragged along the intended lesion line. This method shortens the procedural duration and has been widely used, but with the introduction of advanced real-time lesion quality markers,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> it has lost favor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The durability of PVI is the most important factor affecting AF-recurrence rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Thus, to obtain durable PVI, it is paramount to create good-quality ablation lesions. Current RF ablation systems have integrated real-time lesion prediction algorithms to estimate lesion characteristics and quality. The ablation index (AI) incorporates contact force, time, and power in a weighted formula, whereas the lesion index (LSI) uses time, power, contact force, and impedance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> AI and LSI-guided ablation strategies have been shown to improve procedural outcomes in addition to reducing procedure duration and RF time.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> As a result, lesion quality indicators have become regularly used by most electrophysiologists worldwide. However, it is important to remark that AI and LSI guided ablation are limited to point-by-point techniques.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this issue of the ABC, Vassalo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> report on 214 patients (mean age 61&#177;12 years) undergoing AF ablation using HPSD (50 W) with a dragging technique in which the catheter was moved every 2-5 seconds during continuous RF delivery. Most patients were male (67%) with paroxysmal AF (58%). Further, atrial dimensions and left ventricular ejection fraction were normal. At a mean follow-up of 32.8&#177;13.2 months, AF recurrence was observed in 43 patients (20.1%). As expected, recurrence rates were higher in persistent AF (26.7%) as compared to paroxysmal AF (15.3%). Multivariate analysis identified the following clinical predictors of recurrence: age &#8805; 65 years (p= 0.006); obesity [body mass index &gt; 30 (p= 0.009)]; CHA2DS2VASC score &#8805; 3 (p= 0.003) and persistent AF (p= 0.045). In addition, an increase in heart rate &#8805; 30% (p= 0.04) and &lt; 60 min in the left atrium (p= 0.007) were predictors of ablation success. Unfortunately, AF recurrences were assessed with ECGs and 24-hour Holter recordings, which may have overestimated success rates. Further, 73 out of 100 (73%) patients undergoing electrical cardioversion on the day of ablation did not convert to sinus rhythm and were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, the study findings on persistent AF patients should be viewed with caution.</p>
      <p>Notwithstanding these limitations, the study results are comparable to controlled ablation trials using HPSD and lesion guided indicators approach in paroxysmal AF patients with normal hearts.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Furthermore, all clinical predictors of recurrence are well-established in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The significance of increases in heart rate and shorter left atrium dwell time as predictors of ablation success is less clear. The former may reflect vagal denervation, but inflammation and antiarrhythmic drugs also affect heart rate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The latter may simply be a marker of a friendly left atrial anatomy. Taken together, these observations suggest that HPSD using the dragging technique or AI and LSI-guided point-by-point approach may yield similar outcomes. In the absence of large randomized controlled trials comparing these techniques,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> the choice between dragging or point-by-point ablation should consider operator preference and experience.</p>
      <p>The current study highlights the marked heterogeneity of RF ablation protocols employed to achieve PVI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Supporting this premise, HPSD has been performed using either 40 W, 45 W, or 50 W.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Although catheter dragging is still used by some groups, it is unlikely that one utilizes the same ablation approach and RF settings as Vassalo et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The same holds for the indisputable top pick technique AI and LSI-guided point-by-point ablation in which personalization of RF parameters and lesion sets frequently occur.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Hence, it is important to acknowledge that the optimal ablation approach and RF settings in terms of safety and efficacy remain to be determined. Lastly, at the end of the day, regardless of the technique you use, what really matters is to obtain PVI consistently.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: High Power Short Duration Atrial Fibrillation Ablation: Long-Term Predictors of Success and Recurrence &#8211; A Multivariate Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
