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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">W8mg5H6NMXsht6shTT33ySv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024001200207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240767</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">abc.20240767</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Import&#226;ncia da Avalia&#231;&#227;o Eletrovetorcardiogr&#225;fica dos Bloqueios Intraventriculares e sua Rela&#231;&#227;o com o Ciclo Card&#237;aco</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6134-629X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pastore</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas FMUSP</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Eletrocardiografia &#8211; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) &#8211; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas FMUSP &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Carlos Alberto Pastore</bold> &#8226; Diretor &#8211; Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Eletrocardiografia &#8211; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) &#8211; HCFMUSP &#8211; Av. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 AB, CEP <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>ecg_pastore@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>28</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240767</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Vetorcardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Bloqueio Card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O impacto dos dist&#250;rbios de condu&#231;&#227;o intraventricular na ativa&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular tem sido debatido h&#225; muito tempo. No entanto, com o advento da terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, esse t&#243;pico ganhou ainda mais aten&#231;&#227;o nas &#250;ltimas duas d&#233;cadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Naquela &#233;poca, nossa equipe utilizou mapeamento eletrocardiogr&#225;fico de superf&#237;cie e mapas de linhas is&#243;cronas para avaliar o tempo m&#233;dio de ativa&#231;&#227;o em tr&#234;s regi&#245;es espec&#237;ficas do cora&#231;&#227;o: o ventr&#237;culo direito (VD), o ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) e a regi&#227;o anterosseptal. Essa avalia&#231;&#227;o foi conduzida em pacientes com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do VE menor que 40%, exibindo bloqueio do ramo esquerdo (BRE) e com dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do QRS de 180 ms.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A ativa&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica card&#237;aca foi avaliada em tr&#234;s grupos de pacientes: 1) pacientes com BRE nativo, 2) pacientes sob estimula&#231;&#227;o VD e 3) pacientes sob estimula&#231;&#227;o biventricular (EBV). Em indiv&#237;duos com BRE, os tempos m&#233;dios de ativa&#231;&#227;o do VD e da ativa&#231;&#227;o anterosseptal foram atrasados em compara&#231;&#227;o ao VE, levando a uma perda de sincronia. Da mesma forma, o tempo de ativa&#231;&#227;o do grupo de estimula&#231;&#227;o VD estendeu-se al&#233;m do normal, com uma diferen&#231;a mais significativa entre regi&#227;o septal e VE. Os tempos de ativa&#231;&#227;o do VE e do VD foram semelhantes durante a EBV, e a ativa&#231;&#227;o septal se aproximou das condi&#231;&#245;es normais e nativas do BRE. Esses achados sugeriram que a ativa&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica prolongada do VD pela EBV, que &#224;s vezes pode passar despercebida na presen&#231;a de BRE, pode ser um crit&#233;rio relevante na sele&#231;&#227;o de candidatos para terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A eletrocardiografia de superf&#237;cie &#233; atualmente usada para classificar os diferentes tipos de bloqueios de condu&#231;&#227;o intraventricular. Ao mesmo tempo, a ecocardiografia, com suas in&#250;meras t&#233;cnicas, permite a an&#225;lise dos efeitos funcionais dessas anormalidades el&#233;tricas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Recentemente, a aplica&#231;&#227;o de transforma&#231;&#245;es matem&#225;ticas aos sinais de eletrocardiograma de superf&#237;cie simplificou a aquisi&#231;&#227;o de vetorcardiogramas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Este m&#233;todo aumenta a precis&#227;o do eletrocardiograma na identifica&#231;&#227;o de atrasos na ativa&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica e na repolariza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca, o que permite uma an&#225;lise vetorial simult&#226;nea em tr&#234;s planos e uma decomposi&#231;&#227;o detalhada dos loops el&#233;tricos das ondas P e T, e dos complexos QRS, divididos em fases inicial e terminal, identificando os pontos de maior amplitude.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A an&#225;lise dos efeitos funcionais do bloqueio completo do ramo esquerdo no ciclo card&#237;aco demonstrou um prolongamento da s&#237;stole e encurtamento da di&#225;stole, entre outros impactos negativos na din&#226;mica do VE resultantes dessa perturba&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Muitos outros estudos investigaram o impacto do BRE na fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca e na resposta &#224; terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca. As implica&#231;&#245;es de outros dist&#250;rbios de condu&#231;&#227;o intraventricular na motilidade card&#237;aca ainda n&#227;o foram caracterizadas. Na edi&#231;&#227;o atual deste peri&#243;dico, os autores do manuscrito intitulado "Impacto dos Bloqueios Intraventriculares na Din&#226;mica do Ciclo Card&#237;aco: Uma An&#225;lise ECO e Vetorcardiogr&#225;fica"<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> estudaram como os bloqueios intraventriculares (BIV) podem causar atrasos e alterar o ciclo ventricular. Neste estudo transversal, os autores avaliaram 328 indiv&#237;duos consecutivos sem doen&#231;a card&#237;aca estrutural apresentando eletrocardiograma normal ou diferentes tipos de BIV. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a uma an&#225;lise abrangente com ecocardiogramas transtor&#225;cicos e vetorcardiogramas (VCG) simult&#226;neos para investigar os aspectos eletromec&#226;nicos do ciclo card&#237;aco. Os tra&#231;ados do vetorcardiograma fornecem informa&#231;&#245;es valiosas, ilustrando as altera&#231;&#245;es sequenciais no sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica do cora&#231;&#227;o. Os autores puderam identificar dist&#250;rbios de condu&#231;&#227;o e suas associa&#231;&#245;es avaliando os loops de P, QRS e T, descrevendo informa&#231;&#245;es detalhadas sobre atrasos de condu&#231;&#227;o em todas as fases de ativa&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica do cora&#231;&#227;o. Os autores demonstraram em seu estudo que BIV, al&#233;m do BRE, podem alterar o ciclo card&#237;aco, com &#234;nfase especial na associa&#231;&#227;o do bloqueio do ramo direito (BRD) com um bloqueio fascicular antero-superior esquerdo (BDASE). Pacientes que apresentam BRD e BDASE podem se beneficiar da terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca; no entanto, mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para avaliar tal terapia em grandes popula&#231;&#245;es.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Impacto dos Bloqueios Intraventriculares na Din&#226;mica do Ciclo Card&#237;aco: Uma An&#225;lise ECO e Vetorcardiogr&#225;fica</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240767i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Importance of Electrovectorcardiographic Assessment of Intraventricular Blocks and their Relationship with the Cardiac Cycle</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6134-629X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pastore</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Eletrocardiografia &#8211; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) - Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas FMUSP &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Carlos Alberto Pastore</bold> &#8226; Diretor &#8211; Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Eletrocardiografia &#8211; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor) &#8211; HCFMUSP &#8211; Av. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 AB, Postal Code <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>ecg_pastore@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Vectorcardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Block</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The impact of intraventricular conduction disorders on myocardial activation and ventricular function has long been debated. However, with the advent of cardiac resynchronization therapy, this topic has gained even more attention during the last two decades.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>At that time, our team utilized surface electrocardiographic mapping and isochronal line maps to assess the mean activation time in three specific regions of the heart: the right ventricle (RV), the left ventricle (LV), and the anteroseptal region. This evaluation was conducted on patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%, who exhibited left bundle branch block (LBBB), and had a mean QRS duration of 180 ms.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The cardiac electrical activation was evaluated in three groups of patients: 1) patients with native LBBB, 2) patients under RV pacing, and 3) patients under biventricular pacing (BVP). In individuals with LBBB, the RV and anteroseptal mean activation time were delayed compared to the LV, leading to a loss of synchrony. Similarly, the RV pacing group's activation time extended beyond normal, with a more significant difference between the septal area and LV. LV and RV activation times were similar during BVP, and the septal activation approached the normal and native LBBB conditions. Those findings suggested that the prolonged RV electrical activation by BVP, which sometimes may go unnoticed in the presence of LBBB, could be a relevant criterion in selecting candidates for cardiac resynchronization therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Surface electrocardiography is currently used to classify the different types of intraventricular conduction blocks. At the same time, echocardiography, with its numerous techniques, enables the analysis of the functional effects of these electrical abnormalities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Recently, applying mathematical transformations to surface electrocardiogram signals has simplified the acquisition of vectorcardiograms (VCG).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> This method enhances the electrocardiogram accuracy in identifying delays in electrical activation and cardiac repolarization, which allows a simultaneous vector analysis in three planes and a detailed decomposition of the electrical loops of the P and T waves, and the QRS complexes, divided into initial and terminal phases, pinpointing the points of highest amplitude.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The analysis of the functional effects of complete LBBB on the cardiac cycle has demonstrated a prolongation of systole and shortening of diastole, among other negative impacts on LV dynamics resulting from this electrical disturbance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Many other studies investigated the impact of LBBB on cardiac function and response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. The implications of other intraventricular conduction disorders on heart motility have not yet been characterized. In this journal's current issue, the authors of the manuscript entitled "Impact of Intraventricular Blocks on Cardiac Cycle Dynamics: An Echocardiographic and Vectorcardiographic Analysis"<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> studied how intraventricular blocks (IVB) may cause delays and alter the ventricular cycle. In this cross-sectional study, the authors evaluated 328 consecutive individuals without structural heart disease presenting with either normal electrocardiogram or different types of IVB. All patients underwent a comprehensive analysis with simultaneous transthoracic echocardiograms and VCG to investigate the electromechanical aspects of the cardiac cycle. VCG traces provide valuable information, illustrating the sequential alterations in the heart's electrical conduction system. The authors could identify conduction disturbances and their associations by evaluating the loops of P, QRS, and T, describing detailed information about conduction delays at all the heart's electrical activation phases. The authors demonstrated in their study that IVB, other than LBBB, might alter the cardiac cycle, with special emphasis on the association of the right bundle branch block (RBBB) with a left anterior fascicular block (LAFB). Patients presenting RBBB and LAFB may benefit from cardiac resynchronization therapy; however, more studies are needed to evaluate such therapy in large populations.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Impact of Intraventricular Blocks on Cardiac Cycle Dynamics: An Echocardiographic and Vectorcardiographic Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
