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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">RCWs4XYHZDzbMHwpzvkSvsH</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024001200502</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00502</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240351</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cientifica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fechamento Percut&#226;neo de Canal Arterial Persistente em uma G&#234;mea Unida: Relato de Caso</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-9003-4121</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Calamita</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Correia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-4476-9551</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lombardi</surname>
            <given-names>Jonathan Guimar&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-1601-6052</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Mayra Rosana Palmeira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-2891-2110</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Orlando Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9832-426X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Prudente</surname>
            <given-names>Maur&#237;cio Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-3163-6703</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Hamu</surname>
            <given-names>Zacarias Calil</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8763-561X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gardenghi</surname>
            <given-names>Giulliano</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Estadual de Urg&#234;ncias Governador Ot&#225;vio Lage Siqueira</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Estadual de Urg&#234;ncias Governador Ot&#225;vio Lage Siqueira (HUGOL), Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Estadual da Mulher</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Estadual da Mulher (HEMU), Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital ENCORE</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital ENCORE, Aparecida de Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica de Anestesia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Anestesia (CLIANEST), Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Giulliano Gardenghi</bold> &#8226; Hospital ENCORE &#8211; Rua Gurupi, Quadra 25, Lote 6 a 8. CEP <postal-code>74905-350</postal-code>, Vila Bras&#237;lia, Aparecida de Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>coordenacao.cientifica@ceafi.edu.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Vitor Guerra</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240351</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>Este &#233; um artigo de acesso aberto distribu&#237;do sob os termos da licen&#231;a de atribui&#231;&#227;o pelo Creative Commons</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <p>G&#234;meos unidos com persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial e repercuss&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas apresentam pior progn&#243;stico. No presente relato de caso, demonstramos o primeiro fechamento percut&#226;neo bem-sucedido do canal arterial com o dispositivo Piccolo&#169; (Abbot Structural Heart, Plymouth, MN, EUA) nesse tipo de situa&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>G&#234;meos Unidos</kwd>
        <kwd>Permeabilidade do Canal Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Cateterismo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="17"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A gesta&#231;&#227;o m&#250;ltipla ocorre em 1,6% de todas as gesta&#231;&#245;es humanas. Considerando essa preval&#234;ncia, 1,2% s&#227;o dizig&#243;ticas e 0,4% s&#227;o monozig&#243;ticas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Dessa pequena porcentagem de g&#234;meos monozig&#243;ticos, 5% s&#227;o monocori&#244;nicos e monoamni&#243;ticos e apenas 1% s&#227;o gesta&#231;&#245;es imperfeitas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A frequ&#234;ncia de g&#234;meos fusionados (tamb&#233;m chamados de g&#234;meos unidos) &#233; estimada em cerca de 11 em 45.000 a 200.000 nascidos vivos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> com predomin&#226;ncia de 3:1 no sexo feminino.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Os g&#234;meos unidos s&#227;o classificados de acordo com o local de fus&#227;o mais proeminente: crani&#243;pagos (cr&#226;nio), torac&#243;pagos (t&#243;rax), onfal&#243;pagos (abd&#244;men), pig&#243;pagos (sacro), isqui&#243;pagos (pelve) e raqu&#237;pagos (canal medular). Eles tamb&#233;m podem ser divididos como sim&#233;tricos (bem desenvolvidos) ou assim&#233;tricos (heter&#243;pagos), quando uma pequena parte do corpo &#233; duplicada ou incompleta.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Spencer<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> tamb&#233;m sugere que o lado da uni&#227;o seja aplicado para classifica&#231;&#227;o: ventral (uni&#227;o no abd&#244;men com um &#250;nico umbigo) e dorsal (uni&#227;o no tubo neural, com o abd&#244;men e o cord&#227;o umbilical separados). Grupo ventral rostral inclui o tipo cefal&#243;pago e o torac&#243;pago. O grupo caudal ventral inclui o isqui&#243;pago. O grupo ventrolateral inclui o par&#225;pago, e o grupo dorsal inclui o crani&#243;pago, raqu&#237;pago e pig&#243;pago. G&#234;meos par&#225;pagos s&#227;o fetos com fus&#227;o ventrolateral. Eles podem ser unidos do abd&#244;men inferior &#224; pelve. Eles sempre t&#234;m uma &#250;nica s&#237;nfise p&#250;bica e trato urin&#225;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As malforma&#231;&#245;es em g&#234;meos fusionados frequentemente s&#227;o n&#227;o concordantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Elas incluem defeitos card&#237;acos cong&#234;nitos, espinha b&#237;fida, higroma c&#237;stico, altera&#231;&#245;es nos membros, defeitos da parede abdominal, como gastrosquise e onfalocele, e h&#233;rnia diafragm&#225;tica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>No presente relato de caso, demonstramos um procedimento hemodin&#226;mico realizado em uma g&#234;mea unida com cardiopatia cong&#234;nita, especificamente, persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="cases">
      <title>Relato de Caso</title>
      <p>Relatamos o caso de g&#234;meas unidas prematuras (34 semanas e 3 dias) do sexo feminino, unidas ventralmente pelo t&#243;rax, abdome e pelve, com caracter&#237;sticas heter&#243;pagas (assimetria: 3 membros inferiores: <italic>tripus</italic>), compartilhando o mesmo peric&#225;rdio (cora&#231;&#245;es separados), f&#237;gado e bexiga, tamb&#233;m sob investiga&#231;&#227;o de fus&#227;o de outras estruturas abdominais (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>) e com evid&#234;ncias de cardiopatia cong&#234;nita na segunda g&#234;mea. A persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial com repercuss&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica foi demonstrada por ecocardiograma (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2A</xref>) e angiotomografia computadorizada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">2E</xref>). Logo ap&#243;s o nascimento, a paciente desenvolveu hipoxemia, necessitando de intuba&#231;&#227;o orotraqueal e ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica com par&#226;metros ventilat&#243;rios elevados, evoluindo com hipertens&#227;o arterial persistente na rec&#233;m-nascida, necessitando do uso de &#243;xido n&#237;trico, sildenafila e infus&#227;o cont&#237;nua de milrinona.</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>G&#234;meas unidas fundidas ventralmente pelo t&#243;rax, apresentando abdome com assimetria dos membros inferiores.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-12-e20240351-40351-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Ecocardiograma complementar e angiotomografia. A) Ecocardiograma mostrando 2 cora&#231;&#245;es compartilhando o mesmo peric&#225;rdio. B) Corte ecocardiogr&#225;fico identificando as seguintes estruturas: aorta descendente, art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda e persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial e suas medidas, onde 1 = ampola pulmonar, 2 = ampola a&#243;rtica e 3 = comprimento. C) Tomografia com reconstru&#231;&#227;o &#243;ssea individualizando as g&#234;meas. D) * Cora&#231;&#227;o da segunda g&#234;mea. E) ** Persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-12-e20240351-40351-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>As pacientes foram transferidas para um servi&#231;o de refer&#234;ncia em cardiologia pedi&#225;trica aos 3 meses de idade, com par&#226;metros ventilat&#243;rios elevados (fra&#231;&#227;o inspirada de oxig&#234;nio: 100%; press&#227;o expirat&#243;ria final positiva: 8 cmH<sub>2</sub>O; press&#227;o inspirat&#243;ria de pico: 24 cmH<sub>2</sub>O; frequ&#234;ncia respirat&#243;ria: 34 incurs&#245;es respirat&#243;rias por minuto), dif&#237;cil progress&#227;o alimentar e infus&#227;o cont&#237;nua de milrinona. O fechamento medicamentoso do canal arterial com 3 doses de paracetamol enteral aos 15 dias de vida havia sido tentado anteriormente, sem sucesso. Optamos por n&#227;o repetir o ciclo devido &#224; dificuldade de utiliza&#231;&#227;o da via enteral e &#224; aus&#234;ncia de paracetamol intravenoso no servi&#231;o. Estrat&#233;gias terap&#234;uticas foram discutidas com um <italic>heart team</italic>, optando-se pelo fechamento percut&#226;neo do canal arterial. As pacientes foram transferidas para o laborat&#243;rio de cateterismo, pesando 5,0 kg (estimado 2,5 kg para cada g&#234;mea) para oclus&#227;o percut&#226;nea do canal arterial.</p>
      <p>Foi realizada a opera&#231;&#227;o sob anestesia geral programada com 2 ventiladores mec&#226;nicos, 2 anestesiologistas e suprimentos dobrados. Foi administrada antibioticoterapia profil&#225;tica durante a indu&#231;&#227;o anest&#233;sica. A veia femoral do segundo membro inferior (pertencente &#224; segunda g&#234;mea) foi puncionada com aux&#237;lio de ultrassom e o introdutor transradial slender Terumo 4/5F foi posicionado. Foi realizada infus&#227;o em bolus de heparina 100 U/kg. Foi realizada angiografia no introdutor venoso para confirmar a drenagem venosa da veia cava inferior no cora&#231;&#227;o da segunda g&#234;mea (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3A</xref>). Foi utilizado um cateter Judkins right 4F cordis em um guia 0,014" de 190 cm Balance Heavyweight para realizar angiografia no canal arterial, cruzado de forma anter&#243;grada (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3B</xref>), confirmando o diagn&#243;stico de persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3C</xref>). O guia 0,014" de 190 cm Balance Heavyweight foi posicionado na aorta descendente, abaixo do diafragma e sob o suporte da mesma bainha TorqVue 4F, avan&#231;ado atrav&#233;s do canal arterial (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3D</xref>) at&#233; a aorta descendente para implanta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo, com base em medidas ecocardiogr&#225;ficas e angiogr&#225;ficas sequenciais (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 4A</xref>). Foi escolhido o Piccolo<sup>&#169;</sup> (Abbot Structural Heart, Plymouth, MN, EUA) 4,0 &#215; 4,0 mm (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 4B</xref>). O cateter e o introdutor foram retirados, e o curativo oclusivo compressivo foi aplicado ap&#243;s a compress&#227;o hemost&#225;tica manual.</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Passo a passo da interven&#231;&#227;o percut&#226;nea. A) Angiografia no introdutor venoso mostrando a veia cava inferior drenando para o cora&#231;&#227;o da segunda g&#234;mea. B, C, D) Fluoroscopia mostrando o canal arterial cruzado com guia e cateter passando pelo &#225;trio direito, ventr&#237;culo direito, tronco pulmonar na aorta descendente de forma anter&#243;grada, e aorta e sendo posicionado na aorta descendente. E) Angiografia do canal arterial. F) Fluoroscopia mostrando o avan&#231;o da bainha do tronco pulmonar para a aorta descendente. G) Dispositivo Piccolo&#169; e suas marcas radiopacas sendo posicionadas. O term&#244;metro esof&#225;gico &#233; geralmente um marco radiopaco para delimitar a ampola a&#243;rtica e a c&#226;nula orotraqueal &#233; geralmente um marco radiopaco para delimitar a ampola pulmonar. AD: &#225;trio direito; Ao: aorta; Ao Desc: aorta descendente; TP: tronco pulmonar; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-12-e20240351-40351-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Correla&#231;&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica (A) e ecocardiogr&#225;fica (B) mostrando as medidas do canal arterial, sendo * ampola pulmonar, ** ampola a&#243;rtica e *** comprimento do canal arterial, fundamental para escolha do dispositivo. C) Dispositivo Piccolo&#169;. D e E) Dispositivo liberado mostrando bom posicionamento final, sem shunt residual. Ao: aorta; Ao desc: aorta descendente; APE: art&#233;ria pulmonar esquerda; PCA: persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial; TP: tronco pulmonar.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-12-e20240351-40351-gf04.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Ap&#243;s o cateterismo, as pacientes evolu&#237;ram com estabilidade hemodin&#226;mica. Retornaram ao hospital cl&#237;nico pedi&#225;trico 24 horas ap&#243;s o cateterismo. A primeira g&#234;mea foi extubada no sexto dia ap&#243;s o cateterismo, e a segunda g&#234;mea no d&#233;cimo segundo dia ap&#243;s o cateterismo.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>No presente relato, demonstramos o primeiro fechamento percut&#226;neo de canal arterial na segunda g&#234;mea unida. N&#227;o encontramos relatos semelhantes em nossa revis&#227;o cient&#237;fica da literatura dispon&#237;vel sobre o tema. A oclus&#227;o do canal arterial garantiu melhora na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva na segunda g&#234;mea, o que afetou diretamente o desenvolvimento da primeira g&#234;mea. Dessa maneira, presume-se sucesso no desmame ventilat&#243;rio e ganho de peso de ambas para desospitaliza&#231;&#227;o precoce e futura avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica quanto &#224; probabilidade de cirurgia de separa&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>A extens&#227;o da fus&#227;o e da anatomia intracard&#237;aca &#233; um dos fatores determinantes quanto ao potencial de separa&#231;&#227;o e ao progn&#243;stico a longo prazo em g&#234;meos unidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> A fus&#227;o card&#237;aca pode ser dividida em grupos de cora&#231;&#245;es separados com peric&#225;rdio comum, &#225;trios fusionados com ventr&#237;culos normais e &#225;trios e ventr&#237;culos fusionados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>No presente relato de caso, a fus&#227;o das g&#234;meas unidas foi ventral e se estendia entre as estruturas tor&#225;cicas, abdominais e p&#233;lvicas, ocorrendo de forma assim&#233;trica (3 membros inferiores com grau de deforma&#231;&#227;o). Os cora&#231;&#245;es eram separados, com um &#250;nico peric&#225;rdio, e cardiopatia cong&#234;nita tamb&#233;m foi notada na segunda g&#234;mea, a saber, persist&#234;ncia do canal arterial com repercuss&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas.</p>
      <p>Embora historicamente o uso de pelo menos 2 ciclos de anti-inflamat&#243;rios n&#227;o esteroides seja o tratamento padr&#227;o ouro para oclus&#227;o do canal arterial no per&#237;odo neonatal, com taxa de sucesso de at&#233; 60% dos casos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> as dificuldades de utilizar a via g&#225;strica, as op&#231;&#245;es de anti-inflamat&#243;rios n&#227;o esteroides dispon&#237;veis na institui&#231;&#227;o, bem como o potencial de eventos adversos n&#227;o desprez&#237;veis<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> foram fatores limitantes para a terapia em quest&#227;o. Foi tentado um ciclo de anti-inflamat&#243;rios n&#227;o esteroides com paracetamol enteral, sem sucesso, no d&#233;cimo dia de vida.</p>
      <p>A escolha do cateterismo como op&#231;&#227;o para fechamento do canal arterial de g&#234;meos unidos, apesar da escassez de literatura para tratamento percut&#226;neo em g&#234;meos unidos, foi devida &#224; instabilidade cl&#237;nica das g&#234;meas, ao potencial de eventos adversos diante de um novo ciclo de anti-inflamat&#243;rios n&#227;o esteroides, aos riscos potenciais de instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica imediatamente ap&#243;s a ligadura cir&#250;rgica, potencialmente presente em at&#233; 45% dos casos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> e aos excelentes resultados de ensaios cl&#237;nicos de fechamento do canal arterial e com pr&#243;teses dedicadas em pacientes prematuros com peso superior a 700 gramas a partir de 2020.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O procedimento ocorreu sem intercorr&#234;ncias, com transporte e anestesia rigorosos. A via de acesso foi a pun&#231;&#227;o venosa guiada por ultrassom do segundo membro inferior (ap&#243;s an&#225;lise da angiotomografia) pertencente &#224; segunda g&#234;mea e foi guiada por ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico tanto para mensura&#231;&#227;o do canal arterial quanto para posicionamento e libera&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo. O dispositivo foi bem posicionado dentro do canal arterial, sem shunt residual e sem obstru&#231;&#227;o ao fluxo das art&#233;rias pulmonar e a&#243;rtica esquerdas.</p>
      <p>A evolu&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes foi satisfat&#243;ria, com extuba&#231;&#227;o de ambos os pacientes e controle da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>O presente relato de caso demonstra o primeiro fechamento percut&#226;neo de canal arterial em uma paciente g&#234;mea unido com uma pr&#243;tese Piccolo<sup>&#169;</sup> (Abbot Structural Heart, Plymouth, MN, EUA) antes de planejar sua separa&#231;&#227;o, com um resultado favor&#225;vel, encorajando sua viabilidade.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital de Urg&#234;ncias de Goi&#225;s sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 77839324.8.0000.0033. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240351i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Percutaneous Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure in a Conjoined Twin: Case Report</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0000-9003-4121</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Calamita</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Correia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0002-4476-9551</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lombardi</surname>
            <given-names>Jonathan Guimar&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-1601-6052</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Mayra Rosana Palmeira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-2891-2110</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Orlando Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9832-426X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Prudente</surname>
            <given-names>Maur&#237;cio Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0004-3163-6703</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Hamu</surname>
            <given-names>Zacarias Calil</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8763-561X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gardenghi</surname>
            <given-names>Giulliano</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Estadual de Urg&#234;ncias Governador Ot&#225;vio Lage Siqueira (HUGOL), Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Estadual da Mulher (HEMU), Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital ENCORE, Aparecida de Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Anestesia (CLIANEST), Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Giulliano Gardenghi</bold> &#8226; Hospital ENCORE &#8211; Rua Gurupi, Quadra 25, Lote 6 a 8. Postal Code <postal-code>74905-350</postal-code>, Vila Bras&#237;lia, Aparecida de Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>coordenacao.cientifica@ceafi.edu.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Vitor Guerra</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <p>Conjoined twin patients with patent ductus arteriosus and hemodynamic repercussions have a worse prognosis. In the present case report, we demonstrate the first successful percutaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus with the Piccolo&#169; device (Abbot Structural Heart, Plymouth, MN, USA) in this type of clinical situation.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Conjoined Twins</kwd>
        <kwd>Patent Ductus Arteriosus</kwd>
        <kwd>Catheterization</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Multiple gestation occurs in 1.6% of all human pregnancies. Considering this prevalence, 1.2% are dizygotic and 0.4% are monozygotic.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Of this small percentage of monozygotic twins, 5% are monochorionic and monoamniotic, and only 1% are imperfect pregnancies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The frequency of fused twins (also called conjoined twins) is estimated to be around 1/45,000 to 200,000 live births,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> with a predominance of females 3:1.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
        <p>They are classified according to the most prominent fusion site: craniopagus (skull), thoracopagus (thorax), omphalopagus (abdomen), pygopagus (sacrum), ischiopagus (pelvis), and rachipagus (medullary canal). They can also be divided as symmetrical (well developed) or asymmetrical (heteropagus) unequal, when a small part of the body is duplicated or incomplete.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Spencer<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> also suggests that the side of the union be applied for classification: ventral (union at the abdomen with a single navel) and dorsal (union at the neural tube, with the abdomen and umbilical cord separated). The rostral ventral group includes the cephalopagus and thoracopagus. The ventral caudal group includes the ischiopagus. The lateral ventral group includes the parapagus, and the dorsal group includes the craniopagus, rachipagus and pygopagus. Parapagus twins are fetuses with ventrolateral fusion. They can be joined from the lower abdomen to the pelvis. They always have a single pubic symphysis and urinary tract.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Malformations in fused twins are often non-concordant.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> They include congenital heart defects, spina bifida, cystic hygroma, limb changes, abdominal wall defects such as gastroschisis and omphalocele, and diaphragmatic hernia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In this case report, we demonstrate a hemodynamic procedure performed on a conjoined twin with congenital heart disease, specifically, patent ductus arteriosus.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="cases">
        <title>Case Report</title>
        <p>We report the case of premature conjoined female twins (34 weeks and 3 days), joined ventrally by the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis, with heteropagus characteristics (asymmetry: 3 lower limbs: tripus), sharing the same pericardium (separate hearts), liver, and bladder, also under investigation into the fusion of other abdominal structures (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 1</xref>) and with evidence of congenital heart disease in the second twin. Patent ductus arteriosus with hemodynamic repercussions was demonstrated by echocardiogram (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 2A</xref>) and computed tomography angiography (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 2C</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">2D</xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">2E</xref>). Shortly after birth, the patient developed hypoxemia requiring orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation with high ventilation parameters, progressing to persistent arterial hypertension in the newborn, requiring the use of nitric oxide, sildenafil, and continuous infusion of milrinone.</p>
        <fig id="f5">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Conjoined twins fused ventrally through the thorax, showing abdomen with asymmetry of the lower limbs.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-12-e20240351-40351-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f6">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Complementary echocardiogram and tomography angiography. A) Echocardiogram showing 2 hearts sharing the same pericardium. B) Echocardiographic section identifying the following structures: descending aorta, left pulmonary artery, and persistence of the ductus arteriosus and its measurements, where 1 = pulmonary ampulla, 2 = aortic ampulla, and 3 = length. C) Tomography with bone reconstruction individualizing the twins. D) * Heart of the second twin. E) ** Patent ductus arteriosus. Desc Ao: descending aorta; LPA: left pulmonary artery; PDA: persistence of the ductus arteriosus.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-12-e20240351-40351-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The patients were transferred to a pediatric cardiology reference service at 3 months of age, with high ventilatory parameters (fraction of inspired oxygen: 100%; positive end-expiratory pressure: 8 cmH<sub>2</sub>O; peak inspiratory pressure: 24 cmH<sub>2</sub>O; respiratory rate 34 breaths per minute), difficult diet progression and continuous infusion of milrinone. Medical closure of the ductus arteriosus with 3 doses of enteral paracetamol at 15 days of life had been previously attempted, without success. We chose not to repeat the cycle due to the difficulty of using the enteral route and the absence of intravenous paracetamol in the service. Therapeutic strategies were discussed with a heart team, opting for percutaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus. The patients were transferred to the catheterization laboratory, weighing 5.0 kg (estimated 2.5 kg for each twin) for percutaneous occlusion of the ductus arteriosus.</p>
        <p>The operation was performed under programmed general anesthesia with 2 mechanical ventilators, 2 anesthesiologists, and doubled supplies. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy was administered during anesthetic induction. The femoral vein of the second lower limb (belonging to the second twin) was punctured under the aid of ultrasound, and the transradial slender Terumo 4/5F introducer was positioned. Bolus infusion of heparin 100 U/kg was performed. Angiography was performed on the venous introducer to confirm the venous drainage of the inferior vena cava in the second twin's heart (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 3A</xref>). A Judkins right 4F cordis catheter was used on a 0.014" 190 cm Balance Heavyweight guidewire to perform angiography in the crossed ductus arteriosus in an anterograde manner (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 3B</xref>), confirming the diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 3C</xref>). The 0.014" of 190 cm Balance Heavyweight guide was positioned in the descending aorta, below the diaphragm and under the support of the same TorqVue 4F sheath, advanced through the ductus arteriosus (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 3D</xref>) to the descending aorta for device implantation, based on sequential echocardiographic and angiographic measurements (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 4A</xref>). The Piccolo&#169; (Abbot Structural Heart, Plymouth, MN, USA) 4.0 &#215; 4.0 mm was chosen (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 4B</xref>). The catheter and introducer were removed, and compressive occlusive dressing was applied after manual hemostatic compression.</p>
        <fig id="f7">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Step by step of the percutaneous intervention. A) Angiography in the venous introducer showing the inferior vena cava draining into the heart of the second twin. B, C, D) Fluoroscopy showing the ductus arteriosus crossed with guide and catheter passing through the right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk in the descending aorta in an anterograde fashion, and aorta and being positioned in the descending aorta. E) Angiography of the ductus arteriosus. F) Fluoroscopy showing the advancement of the sheath from the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta. G) Piccolo<sup>&#169;</sup> device and its radiopaque marks being positioned. The esophageal thermometer is usually a radiopaque landmark to delimit the aortic ampulla, and the orotracheal cannula is usually a radiopaque landmark to delimit the pulmonary ampulla. Ao: aorta; Desc Ao: descending aorta; PT: pulmonary trunk; RA: right atrium; RV: right ventricle.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-12-e20240351-40351-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        <fig id="f8">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Angiographic (A) and echocardiographic (B) correlation showing the measurements of the ductus arteriosus, being * pulmonary ampulla, ** aortic ampulla, and *** length of the ductus arteriosus, fundamental for choosing the device. C) Piccolo&#169; device. D and E) Device released showing good final positioning, without residual shunt. AO: aorta; Desc Ao: descending aorta; LPA: left pulmonary artery; PDA: persistence of the ductus arteriosus; PT: pulmonary trunk.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-12-e20240351-40351-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>After catheterization, the patients developed hemodynamic stability. Twenty-four hours after catheterization, they returned to the pediatric clinical care hospital. The first twin was extubated on the sixth day after catheterization, and the second twin on the twelfth day after catheterization.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>In this report, we demonstrate the first percutaneous closure of the ductus arteriosus in the second conjoined twin. We did not find similar reports in our scientific review of the available literature on the topic. The occlusion of the ductus arteriosus guaranteed improvement in congestive heart failure in the second twin, which directly affected the development of the first twin. In this way, success in ventilatory weaning and weight gain of both is assumed for early dehospitalization and future prognostic assessment regarding the probability of separation surgery.</p>
        <p>The extent of fusion and intracardiac anatomy is one of the determining factors regarding separation potential and long-term prognosis in conjoined twins.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Cardiac fusion can be divided into groups with separate hearts with common pericardium, atria fused with normal ventricles, and fused atria and ventricles.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In the present case report, the fusion of the conjoined twins was ventral, and it extended between the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic structures, occurring asymmetrically (3 lower limbs with a degree of deformation). The hearts were separate, with a single pericardium, and congenital heart disease was also noted in the second twin, namely, patent ductus arteriosus with hemodynamic repercussions.</p>
        <p>Although historically the use of at least 2 cycles of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is the gold standard treatment for occlusion of the ductus arteriosus in the neonatal period, with a success rate of up to 60% of cases,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> the difficulties of using the gastric route, the available non-steroidal anti-inflammatory options at the institution, as well as the potential for non-negligible adverse events<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> were limiting factors for the therapy in question. A cycle of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with enteral paracetamol was attempted, without success on the tenth day of life.</p>
        <p>The choice of catheterization as an option for closing the ductus arteriosus of conjoined twins, despite the scarcity of literature for percutaneous treatment in conjoined twins, was due to the clinical instability of twins, the potential for adverse events in the face of a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug cycle, the potential risks of hemodynamic instability immediately after surgical ligation, potentially present in up to 45% of cases,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> and the excellent results of clinical trials of ductus arteriosus closure with dedicated prostheses in premature patients weighing more than 700 grams from 2020.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The procedure was uneventful, with strict transport and anesthesia. The access route was ultrasound-guided venipuncture of the second lower limb (after computed tomography angiography analysis) belonging to the second twin and was guided by transthoracic echocardiography both for measuring the ductus arteriosus and for positioning and releasing the device. The device was well positioned inside the ductus arteriosus, with no residual shunt and no obstruction to the flow of the left pulmonary and aortic arteries.</p>
        <p>The patients&#8217; evolution has been satisfactory, with extubation of both patients and control of heart failure.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>This case report demonstrates the first percutaneous occlusion of the ductus arteriosus in a conjoined twin patient with a Piccolo<sup>&#169;</sup> prosthesis (Abbot Structural Heart, Plymouth, MN, USA) before planning their separation, with a favorable result, encouraging feasibility.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Urg&#234;ncias de Goi&#225;s under the protocol number 77839324.8.0000.0033. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
