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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">bXtw4fjPcYTxJWzMyLxgZwy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024001100205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240669</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00205</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reconhecimento pelo M&#233;dico Regulador das Express&#245;es Usadas por Leigos ao Pedirem Ajuda em Suposta Parada Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8222-8687</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vinagre</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo C. O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Ronaldo C. O. Vinagre</bold> &#8226; Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 225, 12&#176; Andar, CAE &#8211; Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Atividades Educacionais. CEP <postal-code>21941-617</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>ronaldocovinagre@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240669</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Parada Card&#237;aca Extra-Hospitalar</kwd>
        <kwd>Assist&#234;ncia Pr&#233;-hospitalar</kwd>
        <kwd>Operador de Emerg&#234;ncia M&#233;dica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A parada card&#237;aca fora do hospital (PCFH) &#233; uma emerg&#234;ncia com risco de vida e com tempo limitado que ocorre milh&#245;es de vezes por ano. Dados de pa&#237;ses ao redor do mundo com servi&#231;os m&#233;dicos de emerg&#234;ncia (SME) em vigor sugerem uma m&#233;dia global de 82,1 PCFHs atendidos por SME por 100.000 pessoas por ano. A sobreviv&#234;ncia ap&#243;s a PCFH permanece modesta, apesar dos protocolos de despacho padronizados em sistemas de SME, do aumento do treinamento comunit&#225;rio e da introdu&#231;&#227;o de cuidados p&#243;s-ressuscita&#231;&#227;o. Dez por cento (varia&#231;&#227;o, 6%&#8211;22%) das pessoas que sofrem PCFHs podem esperar sobreviver com um resultado neurol&#243;gico favor&#225;vel. No entanto, as interven&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;-hospitalares precoces t&#234;m um impacto substancial na sobreviv&#234;ncia das v&#237;timas de PCFH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A reanima&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar (RCP) iniciada por um observador aumenta as chances de sobreviv&#234;ncia em 30 dias em duas vezes e est&#225; associada a melhores resultados neurol&#243;gicos em longo prazo. Portanto, o reconhecimento precoce da parada card&#237;aca &#233; a pedra angular da cadeia de sobreviv&#234;ncia. Sinais cl&#237;nicos bem conhecidos de parada card&#237;aca s&#227;o falta de resposta e respira&#231;&#227;o ausente ou anormal. No entanto, n&#227;o est&#225; claro como esses sinais e sintomas, especialmente respira&#231;&#245;es agon&#237;sticas, s&#227;o interpretados e descritos por leigos. Al&#233;m disso, a RCP assistida por despachante aumenta a sobreviv&#234;ncia neurologicamente intacta em PCFH, de acordo com v&#225;rios estudos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Chamadas de emerg&#234;ncia podem conter palavras-gatilho hipot&#233;ticas que o protocolo de despacho atual pode n&#227;o reconhecer; o <italic>International Liaison Committee for Resuscitation</italic> (ILCOR) anunciou que palavras-gatilho constituem uma lacuna de conhecimento cient&#237;fico. Essas palavras-gatilho podem ser usadas para facilitar o reconhecimento de parada card&#237;aca, reduzir o tempo de despacho do SME e aumentar as taxas de RCP imediatas de observadores. Mais importante, elas podem ser usadas para reduzir o n&#250;mero de alarmes falso-positivos e, assim, melhorar a especificidade do reconhecimento de parada card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O Estudo Estudo Observacional de Express&#245;es Ditas por Solicitantes de Atendimento Emergencial para uma Parada Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e o Impacto no Reconhecimento pelo M&#233;dico Regulador <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> &#233; o primeiro estudo realizado no Brasil que analisa grava&#231;&#245;es em &#225;udio de chamadas de socorro em parada card&#237;aca (PCR), avaliando categorias e subcategorias de palavras/express&#245;es que influenciam no reconhecimento dessa condi&#231;&#227;o pelo m&#233;dico regulador, que &#233; o primeiro a fazer contato com o chamador no Servi&#231;o de Atendimento M&#243;vel de Urg&#234;ncia (SAMU). O estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> destaca que, no futuro, combina&#231;&#245;es de palavras-chave/express&#245;es poder&#227;o ser utilizadas para estabelecer rotinas que visem melhorar a qualidade da compreens&#227;o precoce da PCR pelos m&#233;dicos reguladores do SAMU. Os resultados deste estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> tamb&#233;m apontam para a necessidade de melhorar o processo de comunica&#231;&#227;o entre pessoas da comunidade e m&#233;dicos reguladores para aumentar gradativamente o reconhecimento real da situa&#231;&#227;o descrita e, a partir desse conhecimento, oferecer RCP eficaz e precoce em uma situa&#231;&#227;o de PCR. J&#225; existem sistemas de reconhecimento autom&#225;tico de fala que demonstraram melhor assertividade do que os m&#233;dicos reguladores. O estudo acrescenta que, portanto, pode-se considerar que uma associa&#231;&#227;o de termos utilizados pelos chamadores por meio do reconhecimento autom&#225;tico de fala associado ao aprendizado de m&#225;quina poderia trazer uma perspectiva de resposta em larga escala aos chamados de emerg&#234;ncias m&#233;dicas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, o conhecimento gradual e evolutivo dos fatores de confus&#227;o para o reconhecimento de PCR pode auxiliar na produ&#231;&#227;o de protocolos de atendimento e estrat&#233;gias de treinamento mais eficazes para o m&#233;dico regulador, melhorando e qualificando cada vez mais a comunica&#231;&#227;o com o chamador leigo. Com o avan&#231;o do conhecimento e aprimoramento do conhecimento e compreens&#227;o das express&#245;es facilitadoras, estas podem ser incorporadas rotineiramente aos protocolos de regula&#231;&#227;o de casos suspeitos de PCR.</p>
    <p>Portanto, este &#233; o primeiro estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> realizado no Brasil, com dados brasileiros, sobre a estrutura de atendimento de emerg&#234;ncia oferecida pelo SAMU, com pessoas da comunidade atuando e sendo atendidas pelos m&#233;dicos reguladores, em uma atividade que traz &#224; tona, inicialmente, a realidade a ser enfrentada com o estabelecimento de a&#231;&#245;es que visem melhorar a compreens&#227;o de palavras e express&#245;es utilizadas por pessoas da comunidade que, na maioria dos casos no Brasil, ainda n&#227;o t&#234;m o conhecimento necess&#225;rio para informar adequadamente ao m&#233;dico regulador a real situa&#231;&#227;o daquele momento, utilizando, na maioria dos casos, palavras e express&#245;es cotidianas que acabam confundindo e n&#227;o refletem a RCP j&#225; instalada para este m&#233;dico.</p>
    <p>Este &#233; um estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> de extrema relev&#226;ncia, e deve haver desdobramentos para que se crie uma rede de estudos e, a partir da&#237;, protocolos e a&#231;&#245;es que possam contribuir para melhorar os &#237;ndices de efici&#234;ncia na RCP e, principalmente, para uma evolu&#231;&#227;o mais efetiva e favor&#225;vel das pessoas com RCP atendidas por leigos no Brasil.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Estudo Observacional de Express&#245;es Ditas por Solicitantes de Atendimento Emergencial para uma Parada Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria e o Impacto no Reconhecimento pelo M&#233;dico Regulador</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240669i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Recognition by the Regulatory Physician of Expressions Used by Lay People when Asking for Help in Supposed Cardiorespiratory Arrest</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8222-8687</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vinagre</surname>
            <given-names>Ronaldo C. O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Ronaldo C. O. Vinagre</bold> &#8226; Rua Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 225, 12&#176; Andar, CAE &#8211; Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Atividades Educacionais. Postal Code <postal-code>21941-617</postal-code>, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>ronaldocovinagre@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</kwd>
        <kwd>Prehospital Care</kwd>
        <kwd>Emergency Medical Dispatcher</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a time-sensitive, life-threatening emergency that occurs millions of times every year. Data from countries around the world with emergency medical services (EMS) in place suggest a global average of 82.1 EMS-attended OHCAs per 100,000 people per annum. Survival after OHA remains modest despite standardized dispatch protocols in EMS systems, increased community training, and the introduction of post-resuscitation care. Ten percent (range, 6%&#8211;22%) of people who experience OHCA can expect to survive with a favorable neurological outcome. However, early prehospital interventions have a substantial impact on the survival of OHA victims.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) increases the odds of 30-day survival by two-fold and is associated with improved long-term neurological outcomes. So, early recognition of cardiac arrest is the cornerstone of the chain of survival. Well-known clinical signs of cardiac arrest are unresponsiveness and absent or abnormal breathing. However, it is unclear how these signs and symptoms, especially agonistic respirations, are interpreted and described by laypeople. Besides that, dispatcher-assisted CPR increases neurologically intact survival in OHCA, according to several studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Emergency calls may contain hypothetical trigger words that current dispatch protocol may not recognize; the International Liaison Committee for Resuscitation (ILCOR) has announced that trigger words constitute a scientific knowledge gap. These trigger words can be used to facilitate the recognition of cardiac arrest, to reduce EMS dispatch time, and to increase immediate bystander CPR rates. Importantly, they can be used to reduce the number of false-positive alarms and thus improve the specificity of cardiac arrest recognition.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The Observational Study of Words Used by Emergency Callers and Their Impact on the Recognition of an Out-Of-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest by the Medical Dispatcher<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> is the first study conducted in Brazil that analyzes audio recordings of calls for help in cardiac arrest (CA), evaluating categories and subcategories of words/expressions that influence the recognition of this condition by the regulatory physician, who is the first to make contact with the caller at the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU). The study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> highlights the fact that in the future, combinations of keywords/expressions could be used to establish routines aimed at improving the quality of early understanding of CA by SAMU regulatory physicians. The results of this study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> also point to the need to improve the communication process between people in the community and regulatory physicians to gradually increase the real recognition of the situation described and, based on this knowledge, offer effective and early CPR in a CA situation. There are already automatic speech recognition systems that have demonstrated better assertiveness than regulatory physicians. The study adds that, therefore, it can be considered that an association of terms used by callers through automatic speech recognition associated with machine learning could bring a perspective of large-scale response to calls for medical emergencies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Furthermore, the gradual and evolving knowledge of the confounding factors for the recognition of CA can assist in the production of more effective care protocols and training strategies for the regulating physician, increasingly improving and qualifying communication with the lay caller. With the advancement of knowledge and improvement of the knowledge and understanding of facilitating expressions, these can be routinely incorporated into the regulation protocols for suspected cases of CA.</p>
      <p>Therefore, this is the first study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> conducted in Brazil, using Brazilian data, the emergency care structure offered by SAMU, with people from the community working and being responded to by medical regulators, in an activity that sheds initial light on the reality to be faced with the establishment of actions aimed at improving the comprehension of words and expressions used by people in the community who, in most cases in Brazil, still do not have the necessary knowledge to adequately inform the regulatory doctor of the real situation at that moment, using in most cases everyday words and expressions that end up confusing and do not reflect the CPR already installed for this doctor.</p>
      <p>This is an extremely relevant study, and there must be developments so that a network of studies can be created and, from there, protocols and actions that can contribute to improving efficiency rates in CPR and, mainly, to achieve a more effective and favorable evolution in people with CPR treated by lay people in Brazil.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Observational Study of Words Used by Emergency Callers and Their Impact on the Recognition of an Out-Of-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Arrest by the Medical Dispatcher</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
