<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="editorial" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">ZVYbt9w33Hmj3S66M77wpVP</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024001100202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240604</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00202</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Estudo ACCEPT e o Manejo da Doen&#231;a Isqu&#234;mica Mioc&#225;rdica no Brasil: Desafios e Oportunidades em um Pa&#237;s Continental</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6746-8327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianco</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Tria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina &#8211; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Henrique Tria Bianco</bold> &#8226;Escola Paulista de Medicina &#8211; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Rua Loefgren, 1350. CEP <postal-code>04040-001</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>henriquetria@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240604</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Registro M&#233;dico Coordenado</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica mioc&#225;rdica, particularmente em sua manifesta&#231;&#227;o aguda como s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA), permanece como um dos principais desafios de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica no Brasil e no mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Neste contexto, o estudo ACCEPT (<italic>Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry</italic>) emerge como uma fonte crucial de informa&#231;&#245;es epidemiol&#243;gicas e cl&#237;nicas sobre o manejo das SCA no cen&#225;rio brasileiro, com o objetivo de avaliar as terapias baseadas em evid&#234;ncia, a ocorr&#234;ncia de desfechos, uso de reperfus&#227;o e preditores para n&#227;o receber reperfus&#227;o nos pacientes com SCACEST em um registro nacional multic&#234;ntrico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O Brasil, com suas dimens&#245;es continentais e marcantes disparidades regionais, apresenta um desafio &#250;nico na implementa&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias uniformes para o tratamento das SCA. O estudo ACCEPT n&#227;o apenas fornece dados valiosos sobre a preval&#234;ncia e os tipos de SCA encontrados no pa&#237;s, mas tamb&#233;m lan&#231;a luz sobre as diferentes abordagens terap&#234;uticas adotadas em diversas regi&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica &#233; um pilar fundamental no tratamento das SCA, especialmente no infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do Segmento-ST (IAMCSST).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> O ACCEPT demonstra que, embora a ICPp (Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea Prim&#225;ria), prim&#225;ria seja considerada o padr&#227;o-ouro para o IAMCSST, sua disponibilidade e aplica&#231;&#227;o variam significativamente entre as regi&#245;es brasileiras. Em &#225;reas metropolitanas e centros de refer&#234;ncia, a ICP prim&#225;ria &#233; frequentemente a primeira escolha, alinhando-se com diretrizes internacionais que recomendam sua realiza&#231;&#227;o dentro de 90 minutos ap&#243;s o primeiro contato m&#233;dico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Contudo, em regi&#245;es menos desenvolvidas ou rurais, onde o acesso a centros de hemodin&#226;mica &#233; limitado, a fibrin&#243;lise ainda desempenha um papel crucial como estrat&#233;gia de reperfus&#227;o inicial. Esta disparidade regional no acesso a recursos avan&#231;ados de sa&#250;de ressalta a import&#226;ncia de estrat&#233;gias adaptativas no manejo das SCA. A abordagem f&#225;rmaco-invasiva, que combina fibrin&#243;lise inicial com transfer&#234;ncia subsequente para ICP, emerge como uma alternativa promissora em cen&#225;rios onde o acesso imediato &#224; ICP n&#227;o &#233; vi&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m das quest&#245;es de acesso, o estudo tamb&#233;m destaca varia&#231;&#245;es nos desfechos cl&#237;nicos associados a diferentes abordagens terap&#234;uticas. A mortalidade hospitalar e a longo prazo, bem como a incid&#234;ncia de eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (MACE), s&#227;o m&#233;tricas cruciais que variam n&#227;o apenas com o tipo de interven&#231;&#227;o, mas tamb&#233;m com o tempo at&#233; o tratamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Um aspecto particularmente relevante evidenciado pelo ACCEPT &#233; a import&#226;ncia do tempo no manejo das SCA. A rela&#231;&#227;o inversa entre o atraso no tratamento e os desfechos cl&#237;nicos refor&#231;a a necessidade de sistemas de sa&#250;de eficientes e protocolos bem estabelecidos para o r&#225;pido diagn&#243;stico e interven&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Uma an&#225;lise detalhada das taxas de reperfus&#227;o baseadas nas regi&#245;es estudadas no ACCEPT revela disparidades significativas. Enquanto regi&#245;es mais desenvolvidas, como o Sudeste e o Sul, apresentam taxas mais elevadas de ICP prim&#225;ria, as regi&#245;es Norte e Nordeste ainda enfrentam desafios consider&#225;veis no acesso a esta modalidade de tratamento. Por exemplo, enquanto a taxa de ICP prim&#225;ria pode chegar a 70-80% em grandes centros urbanos do Sudeste, em algumas &#225;reas do Norte e Nordeste essa taxa pode cair para 30-40% Essas disparidades nas taxas de reperfus&#227;o refletem n&#227;o apenas diferen&#231;as na infraestrutura de sa&#250;de, mas tamb&#233;m varia&#231;&#245;es nos protocolos de atendimento e na capacita&#231;&#227;o dos profissionais de sa&#250;de. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; crucial considerar as comorbidades cl&#237;nicas e fatores regionais que impactam a reperfus&#227;o em tempo adequado. Entre as comorbidades cl&#237;nicas que frequentemente atrasam ou impedem a reperfus&#227;o adequada, destacam-se:</p>
    <list list-type="order">
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>Diabetes mellitus:</bold> Pacientes diab&#233;ticos muitas vezes apresentam sintomas at&#237;picos de SCA, levando a atrasos no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>Insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica:</bold> A presen&#231;a de disfun&#231;&#227;o renal pode complicar o manejo farmacol&#243;gico e aumentar o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s-procedimento.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>Idade avan&#231;ada:</bold> Pacientes idosos frequentemente apresentam manifesta&#231;&#245;es at&#237;picas da doen&#231;a e t&#234;m maior risco de complica&#231;&#245;es, o que pode levar a hesita&#231;&#245;es na indica&#231;&#227;o de terapias mais agressivas.</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
    <p>Quanto aos fatores regionais que impactam a reperfus&#227;o adequada, podemos citar:</p>
    <list list-type="order">
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>Dist&#226;ncia geogr&#225;fica:</bold> Em regi&#245;es remotas, o tempo de transporte at&#233; centros especializados pode exceder a janela terap&#234;utica ideal para reperfus&#227;o</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>Infraestrutura de sa&#250;de:</bold> A falta de centros de hemodin&#226;mica em algumas regi&#245;es limita o acesso &#224; ICP prim&#225;ria.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>Capacita&#231;&#227;o profissional:</bold> A escassez de profissionais treinados em algumas &#225;reas pode resultar em atrasos no diagn&#243;stico e tratamento.</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p><bold>Fatores socioecon&#244;micos:</bold> Popula&#231;&#245;es de baixa renda podem enfrentar barreiras adicionais no acesso aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de.</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
    <p>Em conclus&#227;o, o registro ACCEPT representa um avan&#231;o significativo na compreens&#227;o e manejo das SCA no contexto brasileiro. Seus achados devem ser utilizados para refinar protocolos cl&#237;nicos, melhorar a aloca&#231;&#227;o de recursos e, ultimamente, reduzir a morbimortalidade associada &#224;s doen&#231;as cardiovasculares no Brasil. A implementa&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias baseadas em evid&#234;ncias, adaptadas &#224;s realidades regionais, &#233; fundamental para superar os desafios impostos pela vastid&#227;o territorial e diversidade socioecon&#244;mica do pa&#237;s. O caminho &#224; frente exige uma abordagem multifacetada, incluindo investimentos em infraestrutura de sa&#250;de, treinamento de profissionais, educa&#231;&#227;o p&#250;blica sobre os sinais de alerta de SCA e o desenvolvimento de redes de atendimento integradas. Somente atrav&#233;s de esfor&#231;os coordenados e baseados em evid&#234;ncias, como as fornecidas pelo ACCEPT, poderemos avan&#231;ar na melhoria do cuidado cardiovascular e na redu&#231;&#227;o do impacto das SCA em todas as regi&#245;es do Brasil.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Infarto Agudo do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesn&#237;vel de ST e Terapia de Reperfus&#227;o no Brasil: Dados do Registro ACCEPT</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Global, Regional, and National Age-sex-specific Mortality for 282 Causes of Death in 195 Countries and Territories, 1980-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>392</volume>
          <issue>10159</issue>
          <fpage>1736</fpage>
          <lpage>1788</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global, Regional, and National Age-sex-specific Mortality for 282 Causes of Death in 195 Countries and Territories, 1980-2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1736-88. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>ALP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Duncan</surname>
              <given-names>BB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brant</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lotufo</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mill</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barreto</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiovascular Health in Brazil: Trends and Perspectives</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>133</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>422</fpage>
          <lpage>433</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008727</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Ribeiro ALP, Duncan BB, Brant LC, Lotufo PA, Mill JG, Barreto SM. Cardiovascular Health in Brazil: Trends and Perspectives. Circulation. 2016;133(4):422-33. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008727.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>PGMBE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berwanger</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>ESD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sousa</surname>
              <given-names>ACS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cavalcante</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andrade</surname>
              <given-names>PB</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>One Year Follow-up Assessment of Patients Included in the Brazilian Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACCEPT)</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>114</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>995</fpage>
          <lpage>1003</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20190879</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Silva PGMBE, Berwanger O, Santos ESD, Sousa ACS, Cavalcante MA, Andrade PB, et al. One Year Follow-up Assessment of Patients Included in the Brazilian Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACCEPT). Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020;114(6):995-1003. doi: 10.36660/abc.20190879.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ritt</surname>
              <given-names>LEF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barros e Silva</surname>
              <given-names>PGM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Darz&#233;</surname>
              <given-names>ES</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>RHN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>QB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berwanger</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Myocardial Infarction with ST Elevation and Reperfusion Therapy in Brazil: Data from the ACCEPT Registry</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20230863</elocation-id>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230863">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230863</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Ritt LEF, Barros e Silva PGM, Darz&#233; ES, Santos RHN, Oliveira QB, Berwanger O, et al. Myocardial Infarction with ST Elevation and Reperfusion Therapy in Brazil: Data from the ACCEPT Registry. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2024; 121(11):e20230863. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230863">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230863</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mattos</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Rationality and Methods of ACCEPT Registry - Brazilian Registry of Clinical Practice in Acute Coronary Syndromes of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>97</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>94</fpage>
          <lpage>99</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2011005000064</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Mattos LA. Rationality and Methods of ACCEPT Registry - Brazilian Registry of Clinical Practice in Acute Coronary Syndromes of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011;97(2):94-9. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2011005000064.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ibanez</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>James</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Agewall</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Antunes</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bucciarelli-Ducci</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bueno</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2017 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting with ST-Segment Elevation: The Task Force for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting with ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>39</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>119</fpage>
          <lpage>177</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, Antunes MJ, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Bueno H, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting with ST-Segment Elevation: The Task Force for the Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients Presenting with ST-Segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2018;39(2):119-77. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Caluza</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>AH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Matos</surname>
              <given-names>LN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zeefried</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Network: Systematization in 205 Cases Reduced Clinical Events in the Public Health Care System</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>99</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>1040</fpage>
          <lpage>1048</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2012005000100</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Caluza AC, Barbosa AH, Gon&#231;alves I, Oliveira CA, Matos LN, Zeefried C, et al. ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Network: Systematization in 205 Cases Reduced Clinical Events in the Public Health Care System. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;99(5):1040-8. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2012005000100.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>O&#8217;Gara</surname>
              <given-names>PT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kushner</surname>
              <given-names>FG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ascheim</surname>
              <given-names>DD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Casey</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chung</surname>
              <given-names>MK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lemos</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>127</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>e362</fpage>
          <lpage>e425</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182742cf6</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 O&#8217;Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, Casey DE Jr, Chung MK, Lemos JA, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;127(4):e362-425. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182742cf6.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bianco</surname>
              <given-names>HT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Povoa</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Izar</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alves</surname>
              <given-names>CMR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>AHP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bombig</surname>
              <given-names>MTN</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Pharmaco-invasive Strategy in Myocardial Infarction: Descriptive Analysis, Presentation of Ischemic Symptoms and Mortality Predictors</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>119</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>691</fpage>
          <lpage>702</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20211055</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Bianco HT, Povoa R, Izar MC, Alves CMR, Barbosa AHP, Bombig MTN, et al. Pharmaco-invasive Strategy in Myocardial Infarction: Descriptive Analysis, Presentation of Ischemic Symptoms and Mortality Predictors. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022;119(5):691-702. doi: 10.36660/abc.20211055.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Byrne</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rossello</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coughlan</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbato</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berry</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chieffo</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2023 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>44</volume>
          <issue>38</issue>
          <fpage>3720</fpage>
          <lpage>3826</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3720-826. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Jneid</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Addison</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bhatt</surname>
              <given-names>DL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fonarow</surname>
              <given-names>GC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gokak</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grady</surname>
              <given-names>KL</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2017 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults with ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>70</volume>
          <issue>16</issue>
          <fpage>2048</fpage>
          <lpage>2090</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.032</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11 Jneid H, Addison D, Bhatt DL, Fonarow GC, Gokak S, Grady KL, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC Clinical Performance and Quality Measures for Adults with ST-Elevation and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70(16):2048-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.032.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ting</surname>
              <given-names>HH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bradley</surname>
              <given-names>EH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lichtman</surname>
              <given-names>JH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nallamothu</surname>
              <given-names>BK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sullivan</surname>
              <given-names>MD</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Factors Associated with Longer Time from Symptom Onset to Hospital Presentation for Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction</article-title>
          <source>Arch Intern Med</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>168</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>959</fpage>
          <lpage>968</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/archinte.168.9.959</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12 Ting HH, Bradley EH, Wang Y, Lichtman JH, Nallamothu BK, Sullivan MD, et al. Factors Associated with Longer Time from Symptom Onset to Hospital Presentation for Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168(9):959-68. doi: 10.1001/archinte.168.9.959.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pinto</surname>
              <given-names>DS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kirtane</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nallamothu</surname>
              <given-names>BK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Murphy</surname>
              <given-names>SA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cohen</surname>
              <given-names>DJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laham</surname>
              <given-names>RJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hospital Delays in Reperfusion for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Implications When Selecting a Reperfusion Strategy</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2006</year>
          <volume>114</volume>
          <issue>19</issue>
          <fpage>2019</fpage>
          <lpage>2025</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.638353</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13 Pinto DS, Kirtane AJ, Nallamothu BK, Murphy SA, Cohen DJ, Laham RJ, et al. Hospital Delays in Reperfusion for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Implications When Selecting a Reperfusion Strategy. Circulation. 2006;114(19):2019-25. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.638353.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Armstrong</surname>
              <given-names>PW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gershlick</surname>
              <given-names>AH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goldstein</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wilcox</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Danays</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lambert</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Fibrinolysis or Primary PCI in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>368</volume>
          <issue>15</issue>
          <fpage>1379</fpage>
          <lpage>1387</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1301092</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>14 Armstrong PW, Gershlick AH, Goldstein P, Wilcox R, Danays T, Lambert Y, et al. Fibrinolysis or Primary PCI in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(15):1379-87. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1301092.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240604i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The ACCEPT Study and the Management of Ischemic Myocardial Disease in Brazil: Challenges and Opportunities in a Continental Country</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6746-8327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianco</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Tria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina &#8211; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Henrique Tria Bianco</bold> &#8226; Escola Paulista de Medicina &#8211; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Rua Loefgren, 1350. Postal Code <postal-code>04040-001</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>henriquetria@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Record Linkage</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Ischemic myocardial disease, particularly in its acute manifestation as an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), remains one of the main public health challenges in Brazil and the world.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In this context, the ACCEPT (Acute Coronary Syndrome Registry) study emerges as a crucial source of epidemiological and clinical information on the management of ACS in the Brazilian scenario, with the aim of evaluating evidence-based therapies, the occurrence of outcomes, use of reperfusion and predictors for not receiving reperfusion in patients with ACS in a multicenter national registry.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Brazil, with its continental dimensions and marked regional disparities, presents a unique challenge in implementing uniform strategies for the treatment of SCA. The study ACCEPT not only provides valuable data on the prevalence and types of ACS found in the country but also sheds light on the different therapeutic approaches adopted in different regions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Myocardial revascularization is a fundamental pillar in the treatment of ACS, especially in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> ACCEPT demonstrates that, although primary pPCI (Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) is considered the gold standard for STEMI, its availability and application vary significantly between Brazilian regions. In metropolitan areas and referral centers, primary PCI is often the first choice, in line with international guidelines that recommend its performance within 90 minutes after first medical contact.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> However, in less developed or rural regions, where access to hemodynamic centers is limited, fibrinolysis still plays a crucial role as an initial reperfusion strategy. This regional disparity in access to advanced healthcare resources highlights the importance of adaptive strategies in the management of ACS. The pharmaco-invasive approach, which combines initial fibrinolysis with subsequent transfer for PCI, emerges as a promising alternative in settings where immediate access to PCI is not feasible.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In addition to access issues, the study also highlights variations in clinical outcomes associated with different therapeutic approaches. In-hospital and long-term mortality, as well as the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), are crucial metrics that vary not only with the type of intervention but also with time totreatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> A particularly relevant aspect highlighted by ACCEPT is the importance of time in the management of ACS. The inverse relationship between treatment delay and clinical outcomes reinforces the need for efficient health systems and well-established protocols for rapid diagnosis and intervention.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> A detailed analysis of reperfusion rates based on the regions studied in ACCEPT reveals significant disparities. While more developed regions, such as the Southeast and South, have higher rates of primary PCI, the North and Northeast regions still face considerable challenges in accessing this modality of treatment. For example, while the rate of primary PCI can reach 70-80% in large urban centers in the Southeast, in some areas of the North and Northeast, this rate can drop to 30-40%. These disparities in reperfusion rates reflect not only differences in health infrastructure but also variations in care protocols and the training of health professionals. In addition, it is crucial to consider clinical comorbidities and regional factors that impact timely reperfusion. Among the clinical comorbidities that frequently delay or prevent adequate reperfusion, the following stand out:</p>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Diabetes mellitus:</bold> Diabetic patients often present with atypical symptoms of ACS, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Chronic renal failure:</bold> The presence of renal dysfunction may complicate pharmacological management and increase the risk of post-procedure complications.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Advanced age:</bold> Elderly patients often present with atypical manifestations of the disease and are at greater risk of complications, which may lead to hesitation in prescribing more aggressive therapies</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>Regarding regional factors that impact adequate reperfusion, we can mention:</p>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Geographical distance:</bold> In remote regions, transportation time to specialized centers may exceed the ideal therapeutic window for reperfusion</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Health infrastructure:</bold> The lack of hemodynamic centers in some regions limits access to primary PCI.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Professional training:</bold> Shortages of trained professionals in some areas can result in delays in diagnosis and treatment.</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p><bold>Socioeconomic factors:</bold> Low-income populations may face additional barriers to accessing health services.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>In conclusion, the ACCEPT registry represents a significant advance in the understanding and management of ACS in the Brazilian context. Its findings should be used to refine clinical protocols, improve resource allocation, and ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases in Brazil. Implementing evidence-based strategies adapted to regional realities is essential to overcome the challenges posed by the country's vast territorial size and socioeconomic diversity. The path forward requires a multifaceted approach, including investments in health infrastructure, training of professionals, public education on the warning signs of ACS, and the development of integrated care networks. Only through coordinated and evidence-based efforts, such as those provided by ACCEPT, will we be able to advance in improving cardiovascular care and reducing the burden of ACS in all regions of Brazil.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Myocardial Infarction with ST Elevation and Reperfusion Therapy in Brazil: Data from the ACCEPT Registry</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
