<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">sJmrzVDLq5mQhsNLwFjzfBg</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024001100501</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00501</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230858</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Valor Preditivo dos Biomarcadores Card&#237;acos na Fun&#231;&#227;o Tardia do Enxerto em Pacientes com Transplante Renal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5205-2975</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Amant&#233;a</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Pinheiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Olsen</surname>
            <given-names>Virg&#237;lio da Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hastenteufel</surname>
            <given-names>Laura Caroline Tavares</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Borges</surname>
            <given-names>Fl&#225;via K.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8324-3734</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Manfro</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Ceratti</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1523-4286</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Goldraich</surname>
            <given-names>L&#237;via Adams</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4207-3809</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Clausell</surname>
            <given-names>Nadine</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">McMaster University</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Hamilton</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">Ontario</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="CA">Canad&#225;</country>
        <institution content-type="original">McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario &#8211; Canad&#225;</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label> Nadine Clausell &#8226; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Rua Ramiro Barcellos, 2350. CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil; E-mail: <email>nclausell@hcpa.edu.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse:</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230858</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Transplante Renal</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
        <kwd>Assist&#234;ncia Perioperat&#243;ria</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="20"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A doen&#231;a cardiovascular (CV) &#233; a principal causa de morte entre receptores adultos de transplante renal, sendo respons&#225;vel por 25% das mortes em pacientes com enxertos funcionantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Os biomarcadores card&#237;acos, especialmente o pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral (BNP) e a troponina card&#237;aca (cTn), s&#227;o os biomarcadores mais estudados na predi&#231;&#227;o do risco de eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (MACE) na doen&#231;a renal em est&#225;gio terminal e transplante renal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica p&#243;s cirurgia n&#227;o card&#237;aca &#233; uma nova entidade cl&#237;nica com implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e progn&#243;sticas relevantes, sendo definida como uma les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica isqu&#234;mica at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a cirurgia n&#227;o card&#237;aca, independentemente associada ao aumento da mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> PJ Devereaux et al. avaliaram a coorte do estudo VISION, que envolveu a avalia&#231;&#227;o de cTn e BNP perioperat&#243;rios em mais de 20.000 pacientes, mas sem um n&#250;mero representativo de pacientes transplantados renais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Embora muitos centros tenham inclu&#237;do esses biomarcadores como medidas de rotina em programas de cirurgia n&#227;o card&#237;aca, sua aplicabilidade no transplante renal e na predi&#231;&#227;o de desfechos como fun&#231;&#227;o tardia do enxerto (FTE) permanece pouco estudada. A FTE &#233; definida como necessidade de hemodi&#225;lise na primeira semana p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria e representa um impacto negativo sobre a sobreviv&#234;ncia e a fun&#231;&#227;o do enxerto a longo prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Assim, pretendemos avaliar o perfil perioperat&#243;rio de biomarcadores card&#237;acos em receptores de transplante renal e explorar sua associa&#231;&#227;o com a FTE e os desfechos CVs p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Protocolo de estudo</title>
        <p>Conduzimos um estudo de coorte prospectivo, envolvendo pacientes adultos transplantados renais de setembro de 2018 a mar&#231;o de 2020 em um hospital universit&#225;rio terci&#225;rio na regi&#227;o sul do Brasil. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exames card&#237;acos antes de entrarem na lista de espera para transplante. Dados cl&#237;nicos sobre dados demogr&#225;ficos, comorbidades e eventos CV foram coletados. Avaliamos a ocorr&#234;ncia de FTE, que foi definida como a necessidade de di&#225;lise na primeira semana ap&#243;s a cirurgia. Os pacientes foram acompanhados durante toda a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar e contatados 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta. Os prontu&#225;rios m&#233;dicos foram monitorados at&#233; um ano ap&#243;s o transplante. A aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica do Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa Institucional foi obtida, bem como o consentimento informado dos pacientes antes da inscri&#231;&#227;o no estudo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o de biomarcadores</title>
        <p>Os n&#237;veis de BNP foram avaliados na admiss&#227;o e 24 horas ap&#243;s o transplante renal usando o ensaio Alere Triage&#174; (MA, EUA). Os n&#237;veis de troponina card&#237;aca de alta sensibilidade (hs-cTn) foram medidos na admiss&#227;o, 24 horas e 48 horas ap&#243;s o transplante renal. Ambos os ensaios hs-cTnT (Roche&#174;, Basel, Su&#237;&#231;a), medidos em n = 81 (75,7%) pacientes, e hs-cTnI (Abbott&#174;, IL, EUA), medidos em n = 26 (24,3%) pacientes, foram usados devido a altera&#231;&#245;es nas plataformas bioqu&#237;micas hospitalares. Para minimizar as diferen&#231;as entre as amostras de hs-cTn, analisamos a porcentagem de troponina em rela&#231;&#227;o ao 99&#186; percentil. Um valor de corte de 52 ng/L foi estabelecido, indicando les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica, e considerando sua associa&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via com um &#237;ndice maior de suspeita de isquemia mioc&#225;rdica<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> e a faixa de refer&#234;ncia laboratorial do nosso hospital para ambos os ensaios. Al&#233;m disso, um limite mais espec&#237;fico estava representado para nossa popula&#231;&#227;o, uma vez que pacientes transplantados renais s&#227;o conhecidos por apresentarem troponina card&#237;aca basal elevada. Chesnaye et al. relataram que, em uma coorte de 171 pacientes com doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, 170 (99,4%) apresentaram pelo menos uma medi&#231;&#227;o de hs-cTnT acima do 99&#186; percentil da popula&#231;&#227;o de refer&#234;ncia geral (14 ng/L) em um acompanhamento de 4 anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica ap&#243;s o transplante foi definida como um aumento maior que 20% na cTn ap&#243;s o transplante em compara&#231;&#227;o aos n&#237;veis pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi conduzida usando o IBM SPSS Statistics 22 para Windows (IBM Corporation, Somers, NY, EUA). Um valor-p menor que 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Cento e sete (107) pacientes com transplante renal, com pelo menos uma medi&#231;&#227;o de biomarcadores no perioperat&#243;rio, foram inclu&#237;dos prospectivamente. Dados demogr&#225;ficos basais, caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e dados laboratoriais s&#227;o apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>. A FTE ocorreu em 56 pacientes (52,3%). Quatro pacientes apresentaram MACE dentro de 30 dias do transplante (3,7%). Dois pacientes apresentaram infarto do mioc&#225;rdio sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST; um paciente morreu ap&#243;s fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular; um paciente apresentou insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca. Entre os quatro pacientes que apresentaram MACE, dois (50%) apresentaram FTE. O BNP e o Hs-cTn pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios desses pacientes s&#227;o apresentados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais da coorte do estudo</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                <th>n=107</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Idade, anos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">51,4 &#177; 13,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Masculino</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">59 (55,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Brancos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">93 (86,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Pretos</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">10 (9,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Doen&#231;a renal prim&#225;ria</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Desconhecido</td>
                <td align="center">34 (31,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nefropatia diab&#233;tica</td>
                <td align="center">14 (13,1)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Nefropatia hipertensiva</td>
                <td align="center">11 (10,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Outras nefropatias</td>
                <td align="center">48 (44,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Comorbidades</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes melito</td>
                <td align="center">22 (20,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">88 (82,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">5 (4,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>AVC pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                <td align="center">2 (1,9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hist&#243;rico de tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center">26 (24,3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tempo em di&#225;lise, meses</td>
                <td align="center">35,5 (20,7-47)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Transplante renal pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">12 (11,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>&#205;ndice de risco card&#237;aco revisado</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">2,2 &#177; 0,5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Medicamentos</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#193;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico</td>
                <td align="center">31 (29)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IECA/BRA</td>
                <td align="center">37 (34,6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Betabloqueador</td>
                <td align="center">50 (46,7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estatina</td>
                <td align="center">27 (25,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Insulina</td>
                <td align="center">15 (14)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="2">
                  <bold>Dados laboratoriais</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Creatinina (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">8,4 &#177; 3,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ureia (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">103,2 &#177; 39,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hemoglobina (g/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">11,6 &#177; 2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Glicose (mg/dL)</td>
                <td align="center">106 &#177; 48,4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">64,6 &#177; 8,2</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>Dados expressos como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o, n&#250;mero absoluto (porcentagem) ou mediana (Q1 - Q3). AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; IECA: inibidor da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina; BRA: bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina II.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Biomarcadores pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios entre pacientes com MACE</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th>Idade, anos</th>
                <th>IRCR</th>
                <th>Etiologia da DRC</th>
                <th>Troponina pr&#233;-transplante, ng/L</th>
                <th>Troponina p&#243;s-transplante, ng/L (24h - 48h)</th>
                <th>BNP pr&#233;-transplante, pg/mL</th>
                <th>BNP p&#243;s-transplante, pg/mL (24h)</th>
                <th>MACE</th>
                <th>Tempo desde o transplante, dias</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">66</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">Outros</td>
                <td align="center">39,64</td>
                <td align="center">404,3 - 452,5</td>
                <td align="center">345</td>
                <td align="center">1230</td>
                <td align="center">IAM</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">54</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
                <td align="center">Nefropatia por IgA</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">746</td>
                <td align="center">ICC</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">72</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">Nefropatia diab&#233;tica</td>
                <td align="center">14</td>
                <td align="center">23 - 434</td>
                <td align="center">242</td>
                <td align="center">733</td>
                <td align="center">IAM</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">80</td>
                <td align="center">3</td>
                <td align="center">Desconhecido</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">22,7 - 31,8</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">854</td>
                <td align="center">PCR/ Morte</td>
                <td align="center">2</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio; ICC: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva; DRC: doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica; MACE: eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores; PCR: parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria; IRCR: &#237;ndice de risco card&#237;aco revisado.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Foi observada les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica p&#243;s transplante em 19,6% dos pacientes. Tr&#234;s receptores (2,8%) morreram no primeiro ano p&#243;s-transplante. As causas da morte foram sepse, fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular e isquemia mesent&#233;rica aguda. Seis pacientes apresentaram nova fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (5,6%), dois tiveram trombose venosa profunda (1,9%) e dois tiveram oclus&#227;o arterial aguda (1,9%).</p>
      <p>Tr&#234;s pacientes (2,8%) evolu&#237;ram com perda do enxerto durante o primeiro ano ap&#243;s o transplante, necessitando de hemodi&#225;lise permanente. Todos esses pacientes apresentaram, inicialmente, FTE e necessitaram de enxertectomia. Um deles morreu no 9&#186; dia p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio devido a complica&#231;&#245;es de isquemia mesent&#233;rica. Os demais pacientes com FTE recuperaram a fun&#231;&#227;o renal e chegaram ao final do acompanhamento com enxertos funcionantes, sem necessidade de di&#225;lise. A creatinina m&#233;dia em 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses ap&#243;s o transplante foi, respectivamente, 1,90 mg/dL &#177; 0,92, 1,66 mg/dL &#177; 0,62, 1,65 mg/dL &#177; 0,79 e 1,51 mg/dL &#177; 0,71. Pacientes com FTE apresentaram creatinina mais alta em 1 e 3 meses ap&#243;s o transplante (respectivamente p = 0,014 e 0,021). Aos 12 meses, houve uma diferen&#231;a n&#227;o estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos: 1,38 mg/dL entre os pacientes sem FTE e 1,66 mg/dL entre os pacientes com FTE, p = 0,55.</p>
      <p>Um total de 190 pacientes foram submetidos a transplante renal durante o per&#237;odo do estudo, sendo 113 (59,5%) homens e 166 (87,4%) brancos. A nefropatia diab&#233;tica foi a causa da insufici&#234;ncia renal em 35 (18,4%) pacientes, e a nefropatia hipertensiva em 26 (13,7%). Um total de 104 pacientes apresentaram FTE (54,7%). A creatinina m&#233;dia aos 12 meses ap&#243;s o transplante foi de 1,53 mg/dL &#177; 0,68.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Transplante renal</title>
        <p>Os pacientes foram acompanhados pela equipe de transplante renal durante a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a um transplante de doador falecido com morte cerebral, e a imunossupress&#227;o consistiu em 500 mg de metilprednisolona intraoperat&#243;ria seguida de uma dose &#250;nica de 3 mg/kg de timoglobulina e terapia tripla de manuten&#231;&#227;o com prednisona, tacrolimus e micofenolato de s&#243;dio.</p>
        <p>A idade m&#233;dia do doador foi de 45,3 anos &#177; 17,3; 64 (59,8%) eram brancos e 49 (45,8%) eram do sexo masculino. Trinta e tr&#234;s doadores tinham hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (30,8%) e 12 tinham diabetes mellitus (11,2%). O trauma foi a causa da morte de 35 doadores (32,7%) e doen&#231;a cerebrovascular em 59 doadores (55,1%). O tempo m&#233;dio de isquemia fria renal foi de 21,45 horas &#177; 5,22, e a dura&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia da anastomose cir&#250;rgica do enxerto foi de 27,7 minutos &#177; 7,7. Avaliamos o &#237;ndice de perfil de doador renal (KDPI), que representa o tempo pelo qual se espera que um rim de doador falecido funcione em rela&#231;&#227;o aos rins recuperados no ano anterior.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> KDPI mais baixos est&#227;o associados a uma fun&#231;&#227;o estimada mais longa, enquanto KDPI mais altos est&#227;o associados a uma fun&#231;&#227;o estimada mais curta. O KDPI m&#233;dio foi de 58% &#177; 29. Outra vari&#225;vel usada na predi&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o renal de doador falecido &#233; o &#237;ndice de risco de doador renal (KDRI), que representa um escore que estima o risco relativo de falha do enxerto renal p&#243;s-transplante, considerando as caracter&#237;sticas do doador falecido.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> O KDRI m&#233;dio foi de 1,38 &#177; 0,38. A creatinina final m&#233;dia do doador foi de 1,38 mg/dL &#177; 0,86. Entre essas vari&#225;veis, a creatinina final do doador e o KDPI foram associados &#224; FTE na an&#225;lise univariada. O KDPI m&#233;dio foi de 52,2% &#177; 30,2 entre pacientes sem FTE e 63,4% &#177; 27,6 entre pacientes com FTE, p = 0,048. Al&#233;m disso, a creatinina final m&#233;dia do doador foi de 1,13 mg/dL &#177; 0,47 entre pacientes sem FTE e 1,60 mg/dL &#177; 1,04 entre pacientes com FTE, p = 0,007.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral</title>
        <p>Os n&#237;veis m&#233;dios de BNP na admiss&#227;o e 24h ap&#243;s o transplante foram, respectivamente, 234 pg/mL (98,9-611 pg/mL) e 307,5 pg/mL (180-622,5 pg/mL). BNP pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio acima de 100 pg/mL foi observado em 74,6% dos pacientes. Em rela&#231;&#227;o a um corte de valor mediano baseado em 300 pg/mL, a FTE foi associada a n&#237;veis de BNP p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios acima desse valor na regress&#227;o log&#237;stica univariada (OR 2,22, IC de 95%, 1,004-4,908, p = 0,049) e em uma regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada incluindo sexo, idade, diabetes mellitus e IRCR &#8805; 3 (OR 2,38, IC de 95%, 1,022-5,520, p = 0,044). Embora o ponto de corte cl&#237;nico mais consolidado para o BNP seja 100 pg/mL, usado para diagnosticar insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, sabe-se que a doen&#231;a renal reduz a precis&#227;o desse teste nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, e limites mais altos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para atingir uma melhor estratifica&#231;&#227;o do paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Troponina card&#237;aca de alta sensibilidade (Hs-cTn)</title>
        <p>Os n&#237;veis de Hs-cTnI na admiss&#227;o e em 24 e 48h ap&#243;s o transplante foram respectivamente 12 ng/L (9,7-45,7 ng/L), 10 ng/L (10-27,4 ng/L) e 10,8 ng/L (10-45,9 ng/L). Os n&#237;veis de Hs-cTnT na admiss&#227;o e em 24 e 48h ap&#243;s o transplante foram respectivamente 43,64 ng/L (21,8-79 ng/L), 34,6 ng/L (18,7-54,6 ng/L) e 36 ng/L (16,1-58,3 ng/L). N&#237;veis pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios de hs-cTn indicativos de les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (&gt;52 ng/L) foram observados em 34,7% dos pacientes, e em 84,7% dos pacientes os n&#237;veis excederam o percentil do intervalo de refer&#234;ncia 99. N&#237;veis elevados de hs-cTn pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios tamb&#233;m foram preditivos de FTE na regress&#227;o log&#237;stica univariada (OR 5,4, IC de 95%, 1,73-16,85, p = 0,004) e em um modelo multivariado incluindo troponina card&#237;aca pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria &gt; 52 ng/L, idade, sexo, IRCR &#8805; 3 e diabetes mellitus (OR 4,07, IC de 95%, 1,12-14,73, p = 0,032). Em um modelo multivariado, incluindo vari&#225;veis relevantes e vari&#225;veis de doador estatisticamente significativas na an&#225;lise univariada (sexo, idade, troponina card&#237;aca pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria &gt; 52 ng/L, creatinina final do doador e KDPI), tanto a creatinina final do doador quanto a troponina card&#237;aca pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria &gt; 52 ng/L permaneceram como preditores estatisticamente significativos de FTE (respectivamente OR 6,5, IC de 95%, 1,81-23,09, p = 0,004 e OR 5,16, IC de 95%, 1,12-23,93, p = 0,036).</p>
        <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> compara a distribui&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com hs-cTn pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio &gt; 52 ng/L ou BNP p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio &gt; 300 pg/mL entre pacientes com e sem FTE.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Biomarcadores card&#237;acos entre pacientes com e sem fun&#231;&#227;o tardia do enxerto. FTE: fun&#231;&#227;o tardia do enxerto; BNP: pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral; hs-cTn: Troponina card&#237;aca de alta sensibilidade.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-11-e20230858-30858-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Nosso estudo demonstra que a troponina card&#237;aca basal e o BNP est&#227;o elevados em uma grande propor&#231;&#227;o de receptores de transplante renal, confirmando o perfil de risco CV mais alto para essa popula&#231;&#227;o. Al&#233;m disso, ambos os biomarcadores perioperat&#243;rios foram associados &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de FTE.</p>
      <p>At&#233; onde sabemos, este &#233; o primeiro estudo a relatar uma associa&#231;&#227;o de n&#237;veis pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios de hs-cTn com a FTE. Isso pode ser explicado pelo alto risco CV dessa popula&#231;&#227;o e seu estado inflamat&#243;rio cr&#244;nico predispondo &#224; les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Os fatores de risco cl&#225;ssicos relacionados &#224; FTE s&#227;o divididos em aqueles relacionados ao doador (idade do doador, creatinina s&#233;rica final e hist&#243;rico de hipertens&#227;o), aqueles relacionados ao receptor (uso de terapia de indu&#231;&#227;o de anticorpos e n&#250;mero de incompatibilidades de HLA ABDR) e aqueles relacionados ao enxerto (especialmente o tempo de isquemia fria).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> A troponina card&#237;aca pr&#233;-operat&#243;ria elevada permaneceu como um preditor estatisticamente significativo de FTE, mesmo quando inserida em um modelo multivariado incluindo vari&#225;veis relacionadas ao doador associadas &#224; FTE.</p>
      <p>A troponina card&#237;aca p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria j&#225; foi associada a desfechos n&#227;o card&#237;acos. Keddis et al. relataram que n&#237;veis elevados de troponina na 3&#170; semana p&#243;s-operat&#243;ria foram associados &#224; ocorr&#234;ncia de FTE no acompanhamento inicial p&#243;s-transplante (OR 5,23, IC de 95%, 2,8-9,57, p &lt; 0,0001). Pacientes com FTE tamb&#233;m apresentaram valores mais elevados de troponina at&#233; 1 ano ap&#243;s a cirurgia (OR 4,37, IC de 95%, 2,53-7,55, p &lt; 0,0001). A persist&#234;ncia de valores elevados deste biomarcador ao longo do acompanhamento neste estudo foi associada &#224; maior ocorr&#234;ncia de desfechos CVs. Por outro lado, pacientes que evolu&#237;ram com recupera&#231;&#227;o progressiva da fun&#231;&#227;o renal p&#243;s transplante apresentaram maior depura&#231;&#227;o deste biomarcador e, consequentemente, menores n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos e menor risco de eventos ao longo do acompanhamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A FTE j&#225; foi previamente associada a doen&#231;as relacionadas a um estado inflamat&#243;rio, como diabetes mellitus e obesidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, biomarcadores de inflama&#231;&#227;o, como TNFalfa, tamb&#233;m estavam significativamente elevados entre pacientes que desenvolveram FTE, de acordo com Lauzurica et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> &#201; importante enfatizar que a FTE permanece como um desfecho perioperat&#243;rio significativo em transplante renal, uma vez que apresenta consequ&#234;ncias cl&#237;nicas e log&#237;sticas/financeiras para o paciente e para o sistema de sa&#250;de. Em nossa popula&#231;&#227;o, houve uma tend&#234;ncia para diferentes n&#237;veis de creatinina at&#233; 12 meses ap&#243;s o transplante, sendo a creatinina mais elevada entre pacientes com FTE (significativamente diferente nos primeiros 1 e 3 meses p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios).</p>
      <p>Estudos anteriores indicaram que os n&#237;veis de NT-pro-BNP p&#243;s transplante podem prever a fun&#231;&#227;o do aloenxerto, com n&#237;veis mais altos observados em pacientes com FTE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Wei et al. n&#227;o observaram altera&#231;&#245;es significativas na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda ou na anatomia ap&#243;s o transplante renal, inferindo que a redu&#231;&#227;o progressiva no BNP ap&#243;s o transplante renal foi mais bem explicada pela melhora da fun&#231;&#227;o renal e depura&#231;&#227;o progressiva do pept&#237;deo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Nesta coorte, observamos uma tend&#234;ncia ascendente nos n&#237;veis medianos de BNP ap&#243;s o transplante. Al&#233;m disso, em concord&#226;ncia com estudos anteriores,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> pacientes com FTE apresentaram n&#237;veis mais altos de BNP no p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio. Isso pode ser atribu&#237;do n&#227;o apenas &#224; sobrecarga de volume e estresse mioc&#225;rdico relacionados ao equil&#237;brio de volume e inflama&#231;&#227;o, mas tamb&#233;m &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o renal. O BNP foi apontado como um biomarcador ainda mais sens&#237;vel e precoce do que a creatinina s&#233;rica na predi&#231;&#227;o e diagn&#243;stico de FTE. Um aumento em sua concentra&#231;&#227;o pode ser identificado at&#233; 5 dias antes da ocorr&#234;ncia de outras altera&#231;&#245;es laboratoriais sugestivas de rejei&#231;&#227;o aguda, como aumento da creatinina s&#233;rica, provavelmente devido &#224; reten&#231;&#227;o subcl&#237;nica de &#225;gua.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Nosso estudo apresenta algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. Primeiramente, trata-se de um estudo de centro &#250;nico, com um tamanho de amostra limitado. Al&#233;m disso, houve uma mudan&#231;a no kit de laborat&#243;rio hs-cTn durante o estudo. Para minimizar a influ&#234;ncia potencial desse problema t&#233;cnico, analisamos o percentil 99 e a porcentagem de varia&#231;&#227;o da troponina antes e depois do transplante. Outra limita&#231;&#227;o do nosso estudo &#233; que o limite usado para troponina card&#237;aca de alta sensibilidade elevada difere dos pontos de corte comumente usados. Essa escolha foi baseada em nosso intervalo de refer&#234;ncia do kit de laborat&#243;rio, que foi igual para hs-cTnI e hs-cTnT, permitindo a maximiza&#231;&#227;o das medi&#231;&#245;es de troponina inclu&#237;das na an&#225;lise.</p>
      <p>Em conclus&#227;o, descobrimos que n&#237;veis basais elevados de troponina card&#237;aca e BNP s&#227;o comuns nesta popula&#231;&#227;o, destacando seu risco CV elevado. As altera&#231;&#245;es din&#226;micas desses marcadores p&#243;s-transplante fornecem informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas valiosas. Nosso estudo contribui para o conhecimento atual como um gerador de hip&#243;teses, sugerindo o potencial do BNP e da troponina na previs&#227;o de desfechos n&#227;o card&#237;acos, em particular FTE, entre receptores de transplante renal. Esses marcadores representam um recurso adicional na estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio, auxiliando na cria&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias centradas na otimiza&#231;&#227;o de desfechos cl&#237;nicos e permitindo a detec&#231;&#227;o precoce de pacientes com maior risco de complica&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas e n&#227;o card&#237;acas, ambas as quais aumentam a complexidade e os custos envolvidos no gerenciamento de pacientes com transplante renal.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>A Dra. Flavia K. Borges recebeu um pr&#234;mio Research Early Career Award da Hamilton Health Sciences. Drs. Nadine Clausell e Roberto Manfro receberam bolsas de pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa (CNPq).</p>
    </ack>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Ying T, Shi B, Kelly PJ, Pilmore H, Clayton PA, Chadban SJ. Death after Kidney Transplantation: An Analysis by Era and Time Post-transplant. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;31(12):2887-99. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2020050566.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ying</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shi</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kelly</surname>
              <given-names>PJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pilmore</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Clayton</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chadban</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Death after Kidney Transplantation: An Analysis by Era and Time Post-transplant</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Nephrol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>31</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>2887</fpage>
          <lpage>2899</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1681/ASN.2020050566</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Firth C, Kaur T, Chakkera H, Zhang N, Shamoun F, Steidley E, et al. Cardiac Troponin T and Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Predict Cardiovascular and Mortality Risk in Kidney Transplant Candidates. Am J Nephrol. 2019;50(6):434-43. doi: 10.1159/000503807.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Firth</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kaur</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chakkera</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shamoun</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Steidley</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiac Troponin T and Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Predict Cardiovascular and Mortality Risk in Kidney Transplant Candidates</article-title>
          <source>Am J Nephrol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>50</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>434</fpage>
          <lpage>443</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000503807</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Harrison TG, Shukalek CB, Hemmelgarn BR, Zarnke KB, Ronksley PE, Iragorri N, et al. Association of NT-proBNP and BNP with Future Clinical Outcomes in Patients with ESKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76(2):233-47. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.017.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Harrison</surname>
              <given-names>TG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shukalek</surname>
              <given-names>CB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hemmelgarn</surname>
              <given-names>BR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zarnke</surname>
              <given-names>KB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ronksley</surname>
              <given-names>PE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iragorri</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association of NT-proBNP and BNP with Future Clinical Outcomes in Patients with ESKD: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</article-title>
          <source>Am J Kidney Dis</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>76</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>233</fpage>
          <lpage>247</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.12.017</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Jorge AJL, Mesquita ET, Martins WA. Myocardial Injury after Non-cardiac Surgery - State of the Art. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;117(3):544-53. doi: 10.36660/abc.20200317.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Jorge</surname>
              <given-names>AJL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mesquita</surname>
              <given-names>ET</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martins</surname>
              <given-names>WA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Myocardial Injury after Non-cardiac Surgery - State of the Art</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>544</fpage>
          <lpage>553</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200317</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Devereaux PJ, Biccard BM, Sigamani A, Xavier D, Chan MTV, Srinathan SK, et al. Association of Postoperative High-sensitivity Troponin Levels with Myocardial Injury and 30-day Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery. JAMA. 2017;317(16):1642-51. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017.4360.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Devereaux</surname>
              <given-names>PJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Biccard</surname>
              <given-names>BM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sigamani</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Xavier</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chan</surname>
              <given-names>MTV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Srinathan</surname>
              <given-names>SK</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association of Postoperative High-sensitivity Troponin Levels with Myocardial Injury and 30-day Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Noncardiac Surgery</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>317</volume>
          <issue>16</issue>
          <fpage>1642</fpage>
          <lpage>1651</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2017.4360</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. Sandes-Freitas TV, Mazzali M, Manfro RC, Andrade LGM, Vicari AR, Sousa MV, et al. Exploring the Causes of the High Incidence of Delayed Graft Function after Kidney Transplantation in Brazil: A Multicenter Study. Transpl Int. 2021;34(6):1093-104. doi: 10.1111/tri.13865.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sandes-Freitas</surname>
              <given-names>TV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mazzali</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Manfro</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andrade</surname>
              <given-names>LGM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vicari</surname>
              <given-names>AR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sousa</surname>
              <given-names>MV</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Exploring the Causes of the High Incidence of Delayed Graft Function after Kidney Transplantation in Brazil: A Multicenter Study</article-title>
          <source>Transpl Int</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>34</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1093</fpage>
          <lpage>1104</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/tri.13865</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. Roffi M, Patrono C, Collet JP, Mueller C, Valgimigli M, Andreotti F, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-segment Elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2016;37(3):267-315. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv320.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Roffi</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Patrono</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Collet</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mueller</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Valgimigli</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andreotti</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>2015 ESC Guidelines for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-segment Elevation: Task Force for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Patients Presenting without Persistent ST-segment Elevation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>37</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>267</fpage>
          <lpage>315</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehv320</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8. Chesnaye NC, Szummer K, B&#225;r&#225;ny P, Heimb&#252;rger O, Magin H, Almquist T, et al. Association between Renal Function and Troponin T Over Time in Stable Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019;8(21):e013091. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.119.013091.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chesnaye</surname>
              <given-names>NC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Szummer</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>B&#225;r&#225;ny</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Heimb&#252;rger</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Magin</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Almquist</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association between Renal Function and Troponin T Over Time in Stable Chronic Kidney Disease Patients</article-title>
          <source>J Am Heart Assoc</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <elocation-id>e013091</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/JAHA.119.013091</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Devereaux PJ, Szczeklik W. Myocardial Injury after Non-cardiac Surgery: Diagnosis and Management. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(32):3083-91. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz301.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Devereaux</surname>
              <given-names>PJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Szczeklik</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Myocardial Injury after Non-cardiac Surgery: Diagnosis and Management</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>41</volume>
          <issue>32</issue>
          <fpage>3083</fpage>
          <lpage>3091</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehz301</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10. Zens TJ, Danobeitia JS, Leverson G, Chlebeck PJ, Zitur LJ, Redfield RR, et al. The Impact of Kidney Donor Profile Index on Delayed Graft Function and Transplant Outcomes: A Single-center Analysis. Clin Transplant. 2018;32(3):e13190. doi: 10.1111/ctr.13190.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zens</surname>
              <given-names>TJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Danobeitia</surname>
              <given-names>JS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leverson</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chlebeck</surname>
              <given-names>PJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zitur</surname>
              <given-names>LJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Redfield</surname>
              <given-names>RR</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Impact of Kidney Donor Profile Index on Delayed Graft Function and Transplant Outcomes: A Single-center Analysis</article-title>
          <source>Clin Transplant</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>32</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <elocation-id>e13190</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/ctr.13190</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11. Rao PS, Schaubel DE, Guidinger MK, Andreoni KA, Wolfe RA, Merion RM, et al. A Comprehensive Risk Quantification Score for Deceased Donor Kidneys: The Kidney Donor Risk Index. Transplantation. 2009;88(2):231-6. doi: 10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ac620b.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rao</surname>
              <given-names>PS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schaubel</surname>
              <given-names>DE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guidinger</surname>
              <given-names>MK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Andreoni</surname>
              <given-names>KA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wolfe</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Merion</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>A Comprehensive Risk Quantification Score for Deceased Donor Kidneys: The Kidney Donor Risk Index</article-title>
          <source>Transplantation</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>88</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>231</fpage>
          <lpage>236</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/TP.0b013e3181ac620b</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12. Wang AY, Lai KN. Use of Cardiac Biomarkers in End-stage Renal Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(9):1643-52. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2008010012.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>AY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lai</surname>
              <given-names>KN</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Use of Cardiac Biomarkers in End-stage Renal Disease</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Nephrol</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>1643</fpage>
          <lpage>1652</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1681/ASN.2008010012</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13. Mueller C, Laule-Kilian K, Scholer A, Nusbaumer C, Zeller T, Staub D, et al. B-type Natriuretic Peptide for Acute Dyspnea in Patients with Kidney Disease: Insights from a Randomized Comparison. Kidney Int. 2005;67(1):278-84. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00079.x.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mueller</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laule-Kilian</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Scholer</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nusbaumer</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zeller</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Staub</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>B-type Natriuretic Peptide for Acute Dyspnea in Patients with Kidney Disease: Insights from a Randomized Comparison</article-title>
          <source>Kidney Int</source>
          <year>2005</year>
          <volume>67</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>278</fpage>
          <lpage>284</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00079.x</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14. Helfer MS, Pompeo JC, Costa ORS, Vicari AR, Ribeiro AR, Manfro RC. Long-term Effects of Delayed Graft Function Duration on Function and Survival of Deceased Donor Kidney Transplants. J Bras Nefrol. 2019;41(2):231-41. doi: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0065.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Helfer</surname>
              <given-names>MS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pompeo</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>ORS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vicari</surname>
              <given-names>AR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>AR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Manfro</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Long-term Effects of Delayed Graft Function Duration on Function and Survival of Deceased Donor Kidney Transplants</article-title>
          <source>J Bras Nefrol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>41</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>231</fpage>
          <lpage>241</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0065</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>15. Keddis MT, El-Zoghby ZM, El Ters M, Rodrigo E, Pellikka PA, Jaffe AS, et al. Cardiac Troponin T Before and after Kidney Transplantation: Determinants and Implications for Posttransplant Survival. Am J Transplant. 2013;13(2):406-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04317.x.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Keddis</surname>
              <given-names>MT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>El-Zoghby</surname>
              <given-names>ZM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>El Ters</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rodrigo</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pellikka</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jaffe</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiac Troponin T Before and after Kidney Transplantation: Determinants and Implications for Posttransplant Survival</article-title>
          <source>Am J Transplant</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>13</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>406</fpage>
          <lpage>414</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04317.x</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>16. Parekh J, Bostrom A, Feng S. Diabetes Mellitus: A Risk Factor for Delayed Graft Function after Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2010;10(2):298-303. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02936.x.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Parekh</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bostrom</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Feng</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diabetes Mellitus: A Risk Factor for Delayed Graft Function after Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation</article-title>
          <source>Am J Transplant</source>
          <year>2010</year>
          <volume>10</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>298</fpage>
          <lpage>303</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02936.x</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>17. Chang JH, Mushailov V, Mohan S. Obesity and Kidney Transplantation. Curr Opin Organ Transplant. 2023;28(2):149-55. doi: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000001050.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chang</surname>
              <given-names>JH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mushailov</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mohan</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Obesity and Kidney Transplantation</article-title>
          <source>Curr Opin Organ Transplant</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>149</fpage>
          <lpage>155</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/MOT.0000000000001050</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>18. Lauzurica R, Pastor MC, Bay&#233;s B, Hernandez JM, Bonet J, Dolad&#233; M, et al. Pretransplant Inflammation: A Risk Factor for Delayed Graft Function? J Nephrol. 2008;21(2):221-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lauzurica</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pastor</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bay&#233;s</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hernandez</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bonet</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dolad&#233;</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Pretransplant Inflammation: A Risk Factor for Delayed Graft Function?</article-title>
          <source>J Nephrol</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>21</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>221</fpage>
          <lpage>228</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>19. Bodlaj G, Hubmann R, Saleh K, Biesenbach G, Pohanka E, Stojakovic T, et al. Serum Levels of N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide are Associated with Allograft Function in Recipients of Renal Transplants. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2009;121(19-20):631-7. doi: 10.1007/s00508-009-1248-x.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bodlaj</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hubmann</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Saleh</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Biesenbach</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pohanka</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Stojakovic</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Serum Levels of N-terminal Pro-B-type Natriuretic Peptide are Associated with Allograft Function in Recipients of Renal Transplants</article-title>
          <source>Wien Klin Wochenschr</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <issue>19-20</issue>
          <fpage>631</fpage>
          <lpage>637</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00508-009-1248-x</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>20. Wei TM, Jin L, Lv LC, Zhang BJ, Wang LX. Changes in Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide after Allograft Renal Transplantation. Nephrology (Carlton). 2007;12(1):102-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2006.00741.x.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wei</surname>
              <given-names>TM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jin</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lv</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>BJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>LX</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Changes in Plasma B-type Natriuretic Peptide after Allograft Renal Transplantation</article-title>
          <source>Nephrology (Carlton)</source>
          <year>2007</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>102</fpage>
          <lpage>106</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1440-1797.2006.00741.x</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica:</label>
        <p> Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de doutorado de Virg&#237;lio da Rocha Olsen pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado:</label>
        <p> Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 79463217800005327. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento:</label>
        <p> O presente estudo foi financiado pelo FIPE (Fundo de incentivo &#224; pesquisa) do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230858i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictive Value of Cardiac Biomarkers on Delayed Graft Function in Renal Transplant Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5205-2975</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Amant&#233;a</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Pinheiro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Olsen</surname>
            <given-names>Virg&#237;lio da Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Hastenteufel</surname>
            <given-names>Laura Caroline Tavares</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Borges</surname>
            <given-names>Fl&#225;via K.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8324-3734</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Manfro</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Ceratti</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1523-4286</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Goldraich</surname>
            <given-names>L&#237;via Adams</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4207-3809</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Clausell</surname>
            <given-names>Nadine</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="CA">Canada</country>
        <institution content-type="original">McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario &#8211; Canada</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><label>Mailing Address:</label> Nadine Clausell &#8226; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Rua Ramiro Barcellos, 2350. Postal Code 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil; E-mail: nclausell@hcpa.edu.br </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest:</label>
          <p> No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p> Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Kidney Transplantation</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
        <kwd>Perioperative Care</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death among adult kidney transplant recipients, accounting for 25% of deaths in patients with functioning grafts.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Cardiac biomarkers, in particular, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac troponin (cTn), are the most studied biomarkers for predicting the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in end-stage kidney disease and kidney transplant.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is a new clinical entity with relevant clinical and prognostic implications. It is defined as ischemic myocardial injury until 30 days after non-cardiac surgery and is independently associated with increased mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> PJ Devereaux et al. evaluated the cohort of the VISION study, which involved the assessment of perioperative cTn and BNP on more than 20.000 patients, but without a representative number of renal transplant patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>While many centers have included these biomarkers as routine measures in non-cardiac surgery programs, their applicability in kidney transplantation and the prediction of outcomes such as delayed graft function (DGF) remains understudied. DGF is defined as the need for hemodialysis in the first postoperative week and poses a negative impact on survival and long-term graft function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Therefore, we aim to assess the perioperative profile of cardiac biomarkers in kidney transplant recipients and explore their association with DGF and postoperative CV outcomes.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Protocol</title>
          <p>We conducted a prospective cohort study involving adult kidney transplant patients from September 2018 to March 2020 at a tertiary academic hospital in southern Brazil. All patients underwent cardiac workup before entering the transplant waiting list. Clinical data on demographics, comorbidities, and CV events were collected. We assessed the occurrence of DGF, which was defined as the need for dialysis within the first week post-surgery. Patients were followed throughout their hospital stay and contacted at 30 days post-discharge. Medical records were monitored until one year after the transplant. Ethical approval from the Institutional Research Ethics Committee was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from patients before study enrollment.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Biomarker Assessment</title>
          <p>BNP levels were evaluated at admission and 24 hours after kidney transplantation using the Alere Triage<sup>&#174;</sup> assay (MA, USA). High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) levels were measured at admission, 24 hours, and 48 hours after kidney transplant. Both hs-cTnT (Roche<sup>&#174;</sup>, Basel, Switzerland), measured in n = 81 (75.7%) patients, and hs-cTnI (Abbott<sup>&#174;</sup>, IL, USA) assays, measured in n = 26 (24.3%) patients, were used because of changes in hospital biochemical platforms. To minimize differences between hs-cTn samples, the percentage of troponin relative to the 99<sup>th</sup> percentile was analyzed. A cutoff value of 52 ng/L was established, indicating myocardial injury, considering its previous association with a higher index of myocardial ischemia suspicion<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> and our hospital&#8217;s laboratory reference range for both assays. It also represented a more specific threshold for our population since renal transplant patients are known to have elevated baseline cardiac troponin. Chesnaye et al. reported that in a cohort of 171 patients with chronic kidney disease, 170 (99.4%) had at least one measurement of hs-cTnT above the 99th percentile of the general reference population (14ng/L) on a 4-year follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Myocardial injury after transplantation was defined as an increase higher than 20% in cTn after transplant compared to the preoperative levels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analyses</title>
          <p>Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 for Windows (IBM Corporation, Somers, NY, USA). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>We prospectively included 107 renal transplant patients with at least one measurement of biomarkers perioperatively. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and laboratory data are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>. DGF occurred in 56 patients (52.3%). Four patients presented with MACE within 30 days of the transplant (3.7%). Two patients had non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; one patient died after ventricular fibrillation; one patient presented with heart failure. Among the four patients who had MACE, two (50%) had DGF. The preoperative and postoperative BNP and Hs-cTn of these patients are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics of the study cohort</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>n=107</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Age, years</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">51.4 &#177; 13.5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Male</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">59 (55.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>White</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">93 (86.9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Black</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">10 (9.3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Primary kidney disease</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Unknown</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (31.8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetic nephropathy</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (13.1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypertensive nephropathy</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (10.3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Other nephropathies</td>
                  <td align="center">48 (44.8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Comorbidities</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (20.6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hypertension</td>
                  <td align="center">88 (82.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous myocardial infarction</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (4.7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous stroke</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (3.7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Heart failure</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1.9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>History of smoking</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (24.3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Time on dialysis, months</td>
                  <td align="center">35.5 (20.7-47)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Previous kidney transplantation</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (11.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Revised cardiac risk index</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">2.2 &#177; 0.5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Medications</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Acetylsalicylic acid</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (29)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>ACEi/ARB</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (34.6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Beta-blocker</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (46.7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Statin</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (25.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insulin</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (14)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Laboratory data</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Creatinine(mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">8.4 &#177; 3.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Urea(mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">103.2 &#177; 39.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hemoglobin(g/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">11.6 &#177; 2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Glucose(mg/dL)</td>
                  <td align="center">106 &#177; 48.4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Ejection fraction(%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">64.6 &#177; 8.2</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>Data expressed as mean&#177;standard-deviation, absolute number (percentage) or median (Q1 - Q3). ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Preoperative and postoperative biomarkers among patients with MACE</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th>Age, years</th>
                  <th>RCRI</th>
                  <th>CKD etiology</th>
                  <th>Pre-transplant troponin, ng/L</th>
                  <th>Post-transplant troponin, ng/L (24h - 48h)</th>
                  <th>Pre-transplant BNP, pg/mL</th>
                  <th>Post-transplant BNP, pg/mL (24h)</th>
                  <th>MACE </th>
                  <th>Time from transplant, days</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">66</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">Others</td>
                  <td align="center">39.64</td>
                  <td align="center">404.3 - 452.5</td>
                  <td align="center">345</td>
                  <td align="center">1230</td>
                  <td align="center">AMI</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">54</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">IgA Nephropathy</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">746</td>
                  <td align="center">CHF</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">72</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">Diabetic Nephropathy</td>
                  <td align="center">14</td>
                  <td align="center">23 - 434</td>
                  <td align="center">242</td>
                  <td align="center">733</td>
                  <td align="center">AMI</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">80</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">Unknown</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">22.7 - 31.8</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">854</td>
                  <td align="center">CRA / Death</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>AMI: acute myocardial infarction; CHF: congestive heart failure; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CRA: cardiorespiratory arrest; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; RCRI: revised cardiac risk index.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Myocardial injury after transplantation was observed in 19.6% of patients. Three recipients (2.8%) died within the first post-transplant year. The causes of death were sepsis, ventricular fibrillation, and acute mesenteric ischemia in one patient each. Six patients presented with new atrial fibrillation (5.6%), two had deep venous thrombosis (1.9%), and two had acute arterial occlusion (1.9%).</p>
        <p>Three patients (2.8%) evolved with graft loss during the first year after transplantation, requiring permanent hemodialysis. All of these patients initially presented with DGF and required graftectomy. One of them died on postoperative day 9 due to mesenteric ischemia complications. The remaining patients with DGF recovered renal function and reached the end of follow-up with functioning grafts without the need for dialysis. Mean creatinine at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after transplantation were respectively 1.90 mg/dL &#177; 0.92, 1.66 mg/dL &#177; 0.62, 1.65 mg/dL &#177; 0.79 and 1.51 mg/dL &#177; 0.71. Patients with DGF had higher creatinine at 1 and 3 months after transplantation (respectively p = 0.014 and 0.021). At 12 months, there was a non-statistically significant difference between the two groups: 1.38 mg/dL among patients without DGF and 1.66 mg/dL among patients with DGF, p = 0.55.</p>
        <p>A total of 190 patients were submitted to renal transplant during the period of the study, 113 (59.5%) male and 166 (87.4%) white. Diabetic nephropathy was the cause of renal failure in 35 (18.4%) patients and hypertensive nephropathy in 26 (13.7%). A total of 104 patients presented DGF (54.7%). The mean creatinine at 12 months after transplantation was 1.53 mg/dL &#177; 0.68.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Kidney transplantation</title>
          <p>The kidney transplant staff followed patients during their hospital stay. All patients underwent a brain-death deceased donor transplant, and immunosuppression consisted of 500 mg of intra-operative methylprednisolone followed by a single dose of 3 mg/kg of thymoglobulin, and maintenance triple therapy with prednisone, tacrolimus, and sodium mycophenolate.</p>
          <p>The mean donor age was 45.3 years &#177; 17.3; 64 (59.8%) were white, and 49 (45.8%) were male. Thirty-three donors had arterial systemic hypertension (30.8%), and 12 had diabetes mellitus (11.2%). Trauma was the cause of 35 donors&#8217; death (32.7%) and cerebrovascular disease of 59 donors (55.1%). The mean kidney cold ischemia time was 21.45 hours &#177; 5.22, and the mean graft surgical anastomosis duration was 27.7 minutes &#177; 7.7. We assessed the kidney donor profile index (KDPI), which synthesizes how long a deceased donor kidney is expected to function relative to the kidneys recovered in the previous year.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Lower KDPI scores are associated with longer estimated functions, while higher KDPI scores are associated with shorter estimated functions. The mean KDPI was 58 % &#177; 29. Another variable used in the prediction of deceased donor kidney function is the kidney donor risk index (KDRI), which is a score that estimates the relative risk of post-transplant kidney graft failure, considering deceased donor characteristics.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Mean KDRI was 1.38 &#177; 0.38. The mean final donor creatinine was 1.38 mg/dL &#177; 0.86. Among these variables, final donor creatinine and KDPI were associated with DGF on univariate analysis. Mean KDPI was 52.2% &#177; 30.2 among patients without DGF and 63.4% &#177; 27.6 among patients with DGF, p = 0.048. Also, the mean final donor creatinine was 1.13 mg/dL &#177; 0.47 among patients without DGF and 1.60 mg/dL &#177; 1.04 among patients with DGF, p = 0.007.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)</title>
          <p>Median BNP levels at admission and 24h after transplant were respectively 234 pg/mL (98.9-611 pg/mL) and 307.5 pg/mL (180-622.5 pg/mL). Preoperative BNP above 100 pg/mL was observed in 74.6% of patients. Relative to a median value cutoff-based of 300 pg/mL, DGF was associated with postoperative BNP levels above this value on univariate logistic regression (OR 2.22, 95%CI, 1.004-4.908, p = 0.049) and a multivariate logistic regression including sex, age, diabetes mellitus, and RCRI &#8805; 3 (OR 2.38, 95% CI, 1.022-5.520, p=0.044). Although the most consolidated clinical cutoff point for BNP is 100 pg/mL, which is used for diagnosing heart failure, kidney disease is known to reduce the accuracy of this test in this population, and higher thresholds are needed to achieve better patient stratification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>High-sensitivity cardiac troponin (Hs-cTn)</title>
          <p>Hs-cTnI levels at admission, and at 24 and 48h after transplant were respectively 12 ng/L (9.7-45.7 ng/L), 10 ng/L (10-27.4 ng/L) and 10.8 ng/L (10-45.9 ng/L). Hs-cTnT levels at admission and at 24 and 48h after transplant were respectively 43.64 ng/L (21.8-79 ng/L), 34.6 ng/L (18.7-54.6 ng/L) and 36 ng/L (16.1-58.3 ng/L). Preoperative hs-cTn levels indicative of myocardial injury (&gt;52 ng/L) were observed in 34.7% of patients, and in 84.7% of patients, levels exceeded the 99<sup>th</sup>reference range percentile. Elevated preoperative hs-cTn levels were also predictive of DGF on univariate logistic regression (OR 5.4, 95% CI, 1.73-16.85, p = 0.004) and on a multivariate model including preoperative cardiac troponin &gt; 52 ng/L, age, sex, RCRI &#8805; 3 and diabetes mellitus (OR 4.07, 95% CI, 1.12-14.73, p = 0.032). On a multivariate model including relevant variables and those donor variables statistically significant on univariate analysis (sex, age, preoperative cardiac troponin &gt; 52 ng/L, final donor creatinine and KDPI), both final donor creatinine and preoperative cardiac troponin &gt; 52 ng/L remained as statistically significant predictors of DGF (respectively OR 6.5, 95% CI, 1.81-23.09, p = 0.004 and OR 5.16, 95% CI, 1.12-23.93, p = 0.036).</p>
          <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> compares the distribution of patients with preoperative hs-cTn&gt; 52 ng/L or postoperative BNP&gt;300 pg/mL between patients with and without DGF.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f01001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Cardiac biomarkers among patientes with and without delayed graft function. hs-cTn: High-sensitivity cardiac troponin; BNP: Brain natriuretic peptide; DGF: delayed graft function.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-11-e20230858-30858-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Our study demonstrates that baseline cardiac troponin and BNP are elevated in a large proportion of kidney transplant recipients, confirming the higher CV risk profile for this population. Additionally, both perioperative biomarkers were associated with the occurrence of DGF.</p>
        <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report an association of preoperative levels of hs-cTn with DGF. This may be explained by the high CV risk of this population and their chronic inflammatory status predisposing to myocardial injury. Classic risk factors related to DGF are divided into donor-related (donor&#8217;s age, final serum creatinine and history of hypertension), recipient-related (use of antibody induction therapy and number of HLA ABDR mismatches) and graft-related (particularly cold ischemia time).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Elevated preoperative cardiac troponin remained a statistically significant predictor of DGF even when inserted into a multivariate model including donor-related variables associated with DGF.</p>
        <p>Postoperative cardiac troponin has already been associated with non-cardiac outcomes. Keddis et al. reported that elevated troponin levels on the 3rd postoperative week were associated with the occurrence of DGF in the initial post-transplant follow-up (OR 5.23, 95% CI, 2.8-9.57, p &lt; 0.0001). Patients who presented DGF also had higher troponin values up to 1 year after surgery (OR 4.37, 95% CI, 2.53-7.55, p &lt; 0.0001). The persistence of high values of this biomarker throughout follow-up in this study was associated with a greater occurrence of CV outcomes. Conversely, patients who evolved with the progressive recovery of renal function after transplantation achieved greater clearance of this biomarker, and consequently lower serum levels and lower risk of events throughout follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
        <p>DGF has been previously associated with diseases related to an inflammatory state, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Furthermore, biomarkers of inflammation, such as TNFalfa, were also significantly elevated among patients who developed DGF according to Lauzurica et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> It is important to emphasize that DGF remains a significant perioperative outcome in renal transplant, as it poses both clinical and logistic/financial consequences to the patient and to the healthcare system. In our population, there was a trend toward different creatinine levels up to 12 months after transplantation, being creatinine more elevated among patients with DGF (significantly different in the first 1 and 3 postoperative months).</p>
        <p>Previous studies have indicated that NT-pro-BNP levels after transplant may predict allograft function, with higher levels observed in patients with DGF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Wei et al. observed that no significant changes were seen in left ventricular function or anatomy after renal transplantation, inferring that the progressive reduction in BNP after renal transplantation was better explained by renal function improvement and progressive depuration of the peptide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> In this cohort, we observed an ascending trend in median BNP levels after transplant. Moreover, in agreement with previous studies,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> patients with DGF exhibited higher postoperative BNP levels. This may be attributed not only to volume overload and myocardial stress related to volume balance and inflammation but also to reduced renal functioning. BNP has been pointed out as an even more sensitive and early biomarker than serum creatinine in the prediction and diagnosis of DGF. An increase in its concentration can be identified up to 5 days before the occurrence of other laboratory changes suggestive of acute rejection, such as serum creatinine increase, probably due to subclinical water retention.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Our study has some limitations. First, it is a single-center study with a limited sample size. Additionally, there was a change in the hs-cTn laboratory kit during the study. To minimize the potential influence of this technical issue, we analyzed the 99<sup>th</sup> percentile and the percentage of troponin variation before and after transplant. Another limitation of our study is that the threshold used for elevated high-sensitivity cardiac troponin differs from the commonly used cutoffs. Its choice was based on our laboratory kit reference range, which was equal for hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT, allowing the maximization of troponin measurements included in the analysis.</p>
        <p>In conclusion, we found that elevated baseline levels of cardiac troponin and BNP are common in this population, highlighting their heightened CV risk. The dynamic changes in these biomarkers post-transplant provide valuable prognostic information. Our study adds to the current knowledge as a hypothesis generator, suggesting BNP and troponin&#8217;s potential in predicting non-cardiac outcomes, in particular DGF, among renal transplant recipients. They may represent an additional resource on preoperative risk stratification, aiding in the creation of strategies focused on optimizing clinical outcomes and enabling early detection of patients at higher risk of cardiac and non-cardiac complications, both of which increase the complexity and costs involved in renal transplant patient management.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgments</title>
        <p>Dr. Flavia K. Borges is a recipient of a Research Early Career Award from Hamilton Health Sciences. Drs. Nadine Clausell and Roberto Manfro are both recipients of Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq) research grants.</p>
      </ack>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Study association:</label>
          <p> This article is part of the thesis of doctoral submitted by Virg&#237;lio da Rocha Olsen, from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate:</label>
          <p> This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre under the protocol number 79463217800005327. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <label>Sources of funding:</label>
          <p> This study was partially funded by FIPE (Fundo de incentivo &#224; pesquisa) do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
