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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">VJZDxf4S6bwSWHMzZk85v3H</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024001000203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240643</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00203</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>&#201; Justo Contraindicar o Implante de Desfibrilador Card&#237;aco para Pacientes com Vulnerabilidade S&#243;cioecon&#244;mica ou Psicol&#243;gica?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Monteiro</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo de Paula Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brasil</surname>
            <given-names>Helena Nogueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Roberto Martins</given-names>
            <suffix>Sobrinho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8975-1182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Arrais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; &#8211; Cardiologia, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; - Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia: Eduardo Arrais Rocha &#8226;</label> Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225; - Av. Dom Luis, 1233, sala 103. CEP <postal-code>60160-230</postal-code>, Fortaleza, CE - Brasil E-mail: <email>eduardoa@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240643</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Desfibrilador Card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Vulnerabilidade em Sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Os autores Cavalcanti et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> publicaram um artigo demonstrando que os pacientes submetidos &#224; implantes de desfibriladores card&#237;acos internos (CDI) por preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria, com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE)&lt;50% e que tinham elevada vulnerabilidade s&#243;cioecon&#244;mica ou psicol&#243;gica apresentaram alta mortalidade em 1 ano. Os autores analisaram 4 vari&#225;veis de marcadores econ&#244;micos e psicossociais (MEPS): 1-vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica; 2- capacidade de autocuidado; 3- ades&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica; 4- transtornos do humor. N&#227;o ocorreram &#243;bitos em 1 ano no grupo sem a presen&#231;a dessas vari&#225;veis. O estudo englobou uma rede multidisciplinar de an&#225;lise pr&#233;-implante, denominada <italic>device-team.</italic></p>
    <p>A import&#226;ncia do estudo est&#225; em identificar alguns novos marcadores de pior progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s esse procedimento, em particular em determinadas &#225;reas populacionais. Os fatores que s&#227;o pass&#237;veis de modifica&#231;&#227;o devem ser rigorosamente acompanhados e modificados, possibilitando melhora evolutiva e garantindo o benef&#237;cio de aumento da sobrevida que os CDI proporcionam.</p>
    <p>Outro fato relevante do trabalho &#233; implementar na tomada de decis&#245;es uma equipe multidisciplinar chamada de <italic>device-team.</italic> N&#227;o ficou claro no estudo se a equipe teve poder de intervir sobre a decis&#227;o ou a negativa ao procedimento, ou apenas foram respons&#225;veis pela coleta e an&#225;lise dos dados para que, em um segundo momento, fossem pass&#237;veis de atua&#231;&#227;o e modifica&#231;&#227;o. As medidas implementadas ap&#243;s as constata&#231;&#245;es das vari&#225;veis estudadas tamb&#233;m n&#227;o ficaram claras. Apesar de ser um estudo observacional, como foi prospectivo, &#233; prov&#225;vel que diante dos achados, medidas modificadoras tenham sido realizadas.</p>
    <p>A utiliza&#231;&#227;o de uma equipe multidisciplinar para avaliar esses pacientes antes do implante &#233; uma pr&#225;tica inovadora e essencial para uma decis&#227;o mais hol&#237;stica, sendo uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o relevante para contextos de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica onde os recursos s&#227;o limitados. A inclus&#227;o de profissionais de diversas &#225;reas proporciona uma vis&#227;o integral do paciente, o que &#233; crucial para decis&#245;es de alto custo e impacto, como o implante de CDI.</p>
    <p>A negativa do benef&#237;cio ao procedimento para esses casos levanta, entretanto, quest&#245;es &#233;ticas e sociais profundas, principalmente em um pa&#237;s como o Brasil com grande desigualdade socioecon&#244;mica. Em bio&#233;tica, justi&#231;a &#233; dar a cada um o que &#233; seu por direito, de forma adequada &#224; pessoa. Uma injusti&#231;a ocorre ao negar a uma pessoa algo a que tem direito, ou distribu&#237;-lo de maneira desigual.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Algumas quest&#245;es merecem reflex&#245;es sobre o estudo, como a elevada taxa de mortalidade geral (25,8%). Cardinalli-Neto et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> demonstraram elevada mortalidade em pacientes p&#243;s implantes de CDI em um grupo com muito elevada taxa de choques, provavelmente por programa&#231;&#227;o dos CDI n&#227;o ideal para esses casos. As programa&#231;&#245;es dos CDI devem seguir normas t&#233;cnicas rigorosas visando evitar terapias desnecess&#225;rias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Diversos outros estudos diferem dessas elevadas taxas de mortalidade apresentadas em 1 ano. Pereira et al. demonstraram taxa de 6,2% de mortalidade anual em um grupo com 87% de implantes por preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria, tamb&#233;m de regi&#245;es em desenvolvimento do Brasil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Esses dados foram confirmados em outras an&#225;lises mais detalhadas quando comparadas diferentes etiologias como cardiomiopatias chag&#225;sicas (CCC), dilatadas (CNI)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e isqu&#234;micas (CI).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A popula&#231;&#227;o com CCC e CDI tem mais terapias, principalmente por terapia antitaquicardia, maior gravidade, por&#233;m, sem maior mortalidade s&#250;bita. Na CCC com CDI, a baixa escolaridade e a FE &lt; 30 % s&#227;o fatores preditores de pior evolu&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Quanto aos transtornos do humor, h&#225; dados de literatura que demonstram forte rela&#231;&#227;o entre transtorno bipolar e mortalidade s&#250;bita com aumento de incid&#234;ncia muito expressivo de arritmias fatais em jovens portadores de bipolaridade, com prov&#225;vel liga&#231;&#227;o entre a atividade cerebral assim&#233;trica e o t&#244;nus auton&#244;mico eferente card&#237;aco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Outro fator de mau progn&#243;stico verificado no estudo foi a situa&#231;&#227;o econ&#244;mica dos pacientes. Liu et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> estudaram pacientes por 12 anos e observaram grande disparidade de mortalidade entre o grupo no quartil inferior de renda anual e o quartil superior. Em m&#233;dia, se verificou a perda de aproximadamente 10 anos de expectativa de vida devido apenas &#224; diferen&#231;a de renda. Este mesmo estudo revelou que mudan&#231;as de estilo de vida foram capazes de mitigar as perdas relacionadas &#224; falta de recursos financeiros.</p>
    <p>As causas dos &#243;bitos n&#227;o foram demonstradas, o que dificulta uma conclus&#227;o e extrapola&#231;&#227;o dos dados, assim como o n&#250;mero de terapias do CDI, as medica&#231;&#245;es usadas durante o seguimento, as taxas de perda de acompanhamento ou as intercorr&#234;ncias ocorridas, que apesar de n&#227;o serem objetivo do estudo, dificultam muito a compreens&#227;o do que ocorreu com essa popula&#231;&#227;o. Sabe-se que o n&#250;mero elevado de choques pode determinar piora na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e na evolu&#231;&#227;o, conforme demonstrado nos subgrupos do estudo Madit II.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Martinelli et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> demonstraram taxas de mortalidade anual de 7,1%, assim como de 9% na metan&#225;lise de Rassi et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> em pacientes com CCC. Sabe-se que a CCC apresenta maior gravidade e complexidade, entretanto isso n&#227;o representou a causa da elevada mortalidade no presente trabalho.</p>
    <p>A predi&#231;&#227;o de risco de mortalidade na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica (ICC) &#233; complexa. A maioria dos estudos avaliou a predi&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICC e n&#227;o de mortalidade. A FE passou a ser o par&#226;metro mais pr&#243;ximo do "Santo Graal", mas quando se dicotomiza entre etiologias isqu&#234;micas e n&#227;o isqu&#234;micas (CNI), ela perde poder estat&#237;stico na CNI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica por si &#233; um ato que n&#227;o pode ser dissociado de uma ampla rede de amparo socioecon&#244;mico e ps&#237;quico, uma informa&#231;&#227;o que o presente estudo demonstra, sendo talvez o ponto mais alto do trabalho. A assist&#234;ncia integral &#233; primordial principalmente nesses grupos de alto risco e que foram submetidos a procedimentos de alta complexidade.</p>
    <p>Dessa forma o estudo se mostrou importante pelo debate de um tema complexo, entretanto se precisam mais detalhes do que ocorreu com essa popula&#231;&#227;o para efetivas conclus&#245;es, devendo ter cuidado para que n&#227;o sejam privados de procedimentos de alta complexidade doentes com maior vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica e psicologia. O ideal &#233; que consigamos efetivamente uma amplia&#231;&#227;o na rede de cuidados e assist&#234;ncia que beneficie esses grupos mais vulner&#225;veis da mesma forma como &#233; demonstrado na literatura nacional e mundial.</p>
    <p>A considera&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica de contraindicar tratamentos com base em vulnerabilidades socioecon&#244;micas ou psicol&#243;gicas tamb&#233;m deve ser rigorosamente debatida para assegurar que a pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica n&#227;o exacerbe as desigualdades existentes. Acreditamos que mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios, que incluam amostras mais diversificadas e avaliem interven&#231;&#245;es que possam reduzir o impacto negativo dos MEPS na sobrevida dos pacientes, promovendo uma medicina mais equitativa e n&#227;o de exclus&#227;o.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <label>Minieditorial referente ao artigo:</label>
        <p>Implantes Potencialmente Inapropriados de Cardioversor-Desfibrilador na Preven&#231;&#227;o Secund&#225;ria de Morte</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240643i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Is it Fair to Contraindicate Cardiac Defibrillator Implantation for Patients with Socioeconomic or Psychological Vulnerability?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Monteiro</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo de Paula Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brasil</surname>
            <given-names>Helena Nogueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Roberto Martins</given-names>
            <suffix>Sobrinho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8975-1182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Arrais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; &#8211; Cardiologia, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; - Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address: Eduardo Arrais Rocha &#8226;</label> Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225; - Av. Dom Luis, 1233, sala 103. Postal Code <postal-code>60160-230</postal-code>, Fortaleza, CE - Brazil E-mail: <email>eduardoa@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiac Defibrillator</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Vulnerability</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The authors Cavalcanti et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> published an article demonstrating that patients undergoing implantation of internal cardiac defibrillators (ICD) for secondary prevention, with ejection fraction (EF) &lt;50%, and who had high socioeconomic or psychological vulnerability presented high mortality in 1 year. The authors analyzed four variables of economic and psychosocial markers (EPSM): 1-socioeconomic vulnerability; 2-self-care capacity; 3-pharmacological adherence; 4- mood disorders. There were no deaths in 1 year in the group without the presence of these variables. The study encompassed a multidisciplinary network of pre-implant analysis called Device-team.</p>
      <p>The importance of the study lies in identifying some new markers of worse prognosis after this procedure, particularly in certain population areas. Factors that are subject to modification must be rigorously monitored and modified, enabling evolutionary improvement and ensuring the benefit of increased survival that ICDs provide.</p>
      <p>Another relevant fact of the study is the implementation of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) called a Device-team in decision-making. It was not clear in the study whether the team had the power to intervene in the decision or the refusal to proceed or whether they were only responsible for collecting and analyzing the data so that, at a later stage, they could be acted upon and modified. The measures implemented after the findings of the variables studied were also not clear. Despite being an observational study, as it was prospective, it is likely that, given the findings, modifying measures were implemented.</p>
      <p>The use of a MDT to evaluate these patients before implantation is an innovative and essential practice for a more holistic decision and is a relevant recommendation for public health contexts where resources are limited. The inclusion of professionals from different areas provides a comprehensive view of the patient, which is crucial for high-cost and high-impact decisions, such as ICD implantation.</p>
      <p>The denial of benefits for the procedure in these cases, however, raises profound ethical and social questions, especially in a country like Brazil with great socioeconomic inequality. In bioethics, justice is giving each person what is rightfully theirs in a way that is appropriate to the person. An injustice occurs when a person is denied something to which they are entitled or when it is distributed unequally.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Some issues deserve reflection on the study, such as the high overall mortality rate (25.8%). Cardinali et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> demonstrated high mortality in patients after ICD implants in a group with a very high shock rate, probably due to ICD programming that was not ideal for these cases. ICD programming must follow strict technical standards to avoid unnecessary therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Several other studies differ from these high mortality rates reported in 1 year. Pereira et al. demonstrated an annual mortality rate of 6.2% in a group with 87% of implants for secondary prevention, also from developing regions of Brazil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> These data were confirmed in other more detailed analyses when comparing different etiologies such as Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The population with CCC and ICD has more therapies, mainly by antitachycardia pacing, with greater severity but without greater sudden mortality. In CCC with ICD, low education and EF &lt;30% are predictors of worse outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Regarding mood disorders, there are data in the literature that demonstrate a strong relationship between bipolar disorder and sudden mortality, with a very significant increase in the incidence of fatal arrhythmias in young people with bipolar disorder, with a probable link between asymmetric brain activity and cardiac efferent autonomic tone.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Another factor of poor prognosis found in the study was the economic situation of the patients. Liu et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> studied patients for 12 years and observed a large disparity in mortality between the group in the lowest quartile of annual income and the highest quartile. On average, a loss of approximately 10 years of life expectancy was found due to the difference in income alone. This same study revealed that lifestyle changes were able to mitigate losses related to lack of financial resources.</p>
      <p>The causes of death were not demonstrated, which makes it difficult to draw conclusions and extrapolate the data, as well as the number of ICD therapies, medications used during follow-up, loss-to-follow-up rates or complications that occurred, which, although not the objective of the study, make it very difficult to understand what happened to this population. It is known that a high number of shocks can determine the worsening of ventricular function and progression, as demonstrated in the subgroups of the Madit II study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Martino et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> demonstrated annual mortality rates of 7.1%, as well as 9% in the meta-analysis by Rassi et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> in patients with CCC. It is known that CCC presents greater severity and complexity; however this did not represent the cause of the high mortality in the present study.</p>
      <p>Predicting mortality risk in chronic heart failure (CHF) is complex. Most studies have evaluated the prediction of hospitalization for CHF rather than mortality. EF has become the closest parameter to the "Holy Grail", but when dichotomized between ischemic and non-ischemic etiologies (NIE), it loses statistical power in NIE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Medical care itself is an act that cannot be dissociated from a broad network of socioeconomic and psychological support, information that this study demonstrates and is perhaps the highlight of the work. Comprehensive care is essential, especially in these high-risk groups that have undergone overly complex procedures.</p>
      <p>In this way, the study proved to be important for the debate on a complex topic; however, more details of what happened to this population are needed to draw effective conclusions, and care must be taken so that patients with greater socioeconomic and psychological vulnerability are not deprived of highly complex procedures. Ideally, we should effectively expand the care and assistance network that benefits these more vulnerable groups in the same way as demonstrated in national and international literature.</p>
      <p>The ethical consideration of contraindicating treatments based on socioeconomic or psychological vulnerabilities should also be rigorously debated to ensure that medical practice does not exacerbate existing inequalities. We believe that more studies are needed, including more diverse samples and evaluating interventions that can reduce the negative impact of EPSM on patient survival, promoting a more equitable and non-exclusionary medicine.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <label>Short Editorial related to the article:</label>
          <p>Potentially Inappropriate Cardioverter Defibrillator Implants in Secondary Prevention of Death</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
