<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">MqvtbydfWJzZCSb9MyLTCmj</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024001000309</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220899</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00309</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Implantes Potencialmente Inapropriados de Cardioversor-Desfibrilador na Preven&#231;&#227;o Secund&#225;ria de Morte</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7782-4567</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>William Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1194-8246</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Tain&#225; Teixeira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7722-9087</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Clara Salles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia &#8211; UFBA, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>William Neves de Carvalho</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal da Bahia &#8211; Departamento de Medicina &#8211; Rua Dom Jo&#227;o VI, 109, Cond. Santa Maria. CEP <postal-code>402790-090</postal-code>, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>wenfo21@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220899</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>Os cardioversores-desfibriladores implant&#225;veis (CDIs) s&#227;o indicados para pacientes que apresentaram taquiarritmias malignas por causas irrevers&#237;veis, clinicamente est&#225;veis e que tenham expectativa de vida maior que um ano. No entanto, condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas e psicossociais desfavor&#225;veis impactam negativamente a sobrevida de curto prazo e podem tornar o implante inapropriado.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Avaliar se marcadores econ&#244;micos e psicossociais (MEPS) est&#227;o associados a maior mortalidade no primeiro ano (indicando implantes potencialmente inapropriados) ap&#243;s implante do CDI.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Coorte prospectiva entre 2017 e 2021 incluindo pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE) &lt; 50% submetidos a implante de CDI como profilaxia secund&#225;ria. Antes do procedimento, foram avaliados por uma EMD que investigou quatro vari&#225;veis denominadas MEPS: vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica, capacidade do autocuidado, ades&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica e transtornos do humor. Os participantes foram acompanhados por no m&#237;nimo 12 meses. Foi considerado signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica valores-p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 208 indiv&#237;duos, sendo 144 (68,9%) do sexo masculino. A FEVE m&#233;dia foi 32% &#177;9 e 107 (51%) tinham etiologia chag&#225;sica. A mortalidade no primeiro ano foi 54/208 (25,8%). Todos os pacientes que faleceram tinham ao menos um dos MEPS e n&#227;o houve &#243;bitos entre os 73 (35,4%) que n&#227;o tinham MEPS. Em an&#225;lise multivariada ter MEPS e a FEVE foram os &#250;nicos preditor independente na mortalidade menor que 1 ano: RR 20,48 (2,75 &#8211; 52,29); p=0,003 e RR 0,97 (0,93 &#8211; 0,99); p=0,047, respectivamente.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>Condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas e psicossociais devem ser identificadas e quando poss&#237;vel resolvidas antes do implante, pois podem tornar o implante do dispositivo um procedimento potencialmente inapropriado.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Desfibriladores Implant&#225;veis</kwd>
        <kwd>Coopera&#231;&#227;o e Ades&#227;o ao Tratamento</kwd>
        <kwd>Ades&#227;o &#224; Medica&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Vulnerabilidade Social</kwd>
        <kwd>Equipe de Assist&#234;ncia ao Paciente</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="25"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <fig id="f3">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-10-e20220899-20899-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>O cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) &#233; a terapia indicada para preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca (MSC) em pacientes ressuscitados de parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria por taquicardia ventricular (TV), fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular (FV), eventos sincopais recorrentes de origem arritmog&#234;nica e eventos de TV com instabilidade hemodin&#226;mica, incluindo, em grande parte, pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida (ICFER).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Os candidatos eleg&#237;veis a essa terapia devem ter expectativa de vida superior a 1 ano e estarem em boas condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas para realizar o procedimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Apesar da sua efic&#225;cia comprovada em m&#233;dio e longo prazo, alguns estudos t&#234;m demonstrado resultados question&#225;veis da efic&#225;cia do CDI na redu&#231;&#227;o de mortalidade em determinadas popula&#231;&#245;es que apresentam condi&#231;&#245;es socioecon&#244;micas e psicossociais prec&#225;rias que impactam a sobrevida em curto prazo e podem tornar o implante do CDI uma terapia inapropriada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A ICFER &#233; uma doen&#231;a que est&#225; associada &#224; alta incid&#234;ncia de outras comorbidades que deixam os pacientes fragilizados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Com isso, muitos candidatos eleg&#237;veis citados nas diretrizes podem, al&#233;m das comorbidades, apresentar situa&#231;&#245;es de vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica, neglig&#234;ncia e incapacidade do autocuidado, dificuldades na ades&#227;o ao melhor tratamento farmacol&#243;gico e, com frequ&#234;ncia, dist&#250;rbios psicol&#243;gicos como ansiedade e depress&#227;o. Esses marcadores econ&#244;micos e psicossociais (MEPS) s&#227;o quest&#245;es particularmente relevantes em pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento, onde o acesso aos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de &#233; limitado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Diante da mortalidade elevada por diversas causas associadas &#224; ICFER, uma estrat&#233;gia altamente recomendada pelas diretrizes de IC &#233; a inclus&#227;o de equipe multidisciplinar (EMD) para avaliar de forma mais criteriosa e integral. Em casos mais complexos, fomentar discuss&#245;es em programas chamados <italic>"Heart Team",</italic> onde ocorrem as tomadas de decis&#227;o das melhores condutas e terapias dispon&#237;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Nesse contexto, al&#233;m de m&#233;dicos, &#233; necess&#225;rio envolver outros profissionais (enfermeiros, psic&#243;logos, assistentes sociais, nutricionistas e farmac&#234;uticos) na avalia&#231;&#227;o antes do implante. Essa abordagem tem como objetivo identificar indiv&#237;duos com crit&#233;rio de indica&#231;&#227;o para implante, mas apresentam vari&#225;veis menos &#243;bvias, que n&#227;o s&#227;o do dom&#237;nio ou interesse dos especialistas em dispositivos card&#237;acos eletr&#244;nicos implant&#225;veis (DCEI), mas que podem ser preditoras de mortalidade precoce.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Sendo assim, o objetivo do presente estudo &#233; verificar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a presen&#231;a de MEPS desfavor&#225;veis e a mortalidade por todas as causas no primeiro ano (indicando implantes potencialmente inapropriados) nos indiv&#237;duos que foram avaliados por uma EMD e submetidos a implante de CDI como preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria de morte.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Desenho do estudo</title>
        <p>Trata-se de uma coorte observacional e prospectiva de um &#250;nico centro na Regi&#227;o Nordeste do Brasil que ocorreu no per&#237;odo entre 2017 e julho de 2021. O centro do estudo &#233; o principal hospital refer&#234;ncia no tratamento de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e o &#250;nico a realizar implantes de CDI pelo Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS) no Estado da Bahia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
        <p>Os requisitos de elegibilidade inclu&#237;ram pacientes &#8805; 18 anos com IC FEVE &lt;50%, com indica&#231;&#227;o de implante de CDI como preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria de MSC conforme as diretrizes. Os eventos considerados como preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria foram os indiv&#237;duos ressuscitados de parada cardiorespirat&#243;ria (PCR) em ritmo de TV/FV ou aqueles que apresentaram TV sintom&#225;tica. Os indiv&#237;duos deveriam ter expectativa de vida maior que um ano.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> A EMD foi formada por profissionais m&#233;dicos e n&#227;o m&#233;dicos (enfermeiros, nutricionistas, psic&#243;logos, farmac&#234;uticos, assistentes sociais e cardiologistas cl&#237;nicos). Ap&#243;s coleta de dados (aplica&#231;&#227;o dos instrumentos), os casos foram levados para discuss&#227;o em um "<italic>Heart Team</italic>" espec&#237;fico, denominado institucionalmente de "<italic>Device Team (DT)</italic>, formado exclusivamente para casos dos candidatos a implante de DCEI de alto custo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfecho</title>
        <p>O desfecho prim&#225;rio foi mortalidade em per&#237;odo inferior a um ano ap&#243;s o implante do dispositivo (considerados implantes potencialmente inapropriados).</p>
        <p>Todos os pacientes foram monitorados por no m&#237;nimo 12 meses, sendo por telefone a cada 30 dias e presencialmente a cada 6 meses, de acordo com normas da institui&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Vari&#225;veis de interesse</title>
        <p>Ap&#243;s a indica&#231;&#227;o formal do implante do CDI por um arritmologista, todos os pacientes foram encaminhados para entrevista presencial com profissionais de uma EMD composta por um enfermeiro especialista em insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC), um cardiologista cl&#237;nico, um psic&#243;logo, um farmac&#234;utico e um assistente social. Foram coletadas informa&#231;&#245;es sobre dados cl&#237;nicos como NYHA, presen&#231;a de comorbidades pr&#233;vias, uso pr&#233;vio de medica&#231;&#227;o para tratamento de IC e controle de arritmias, dados antropom&#233;tricos, exames laboratoriais e ecocardiogr&#225;ficos, al&#233;m da avalia&#231;&#227;o de fatores psicossociais e socioecon&#244;micos: transtornos de humor, ades&#227;o medicamentosa, capacidade do autocuidado, renda familiar e escolaridade.</p>
        <p>Os exames laboratoriais foram realizados at&#233; 24 horas antes do implante. A taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular foi avaliada por CKD-EPI. Todos os exames de ecocardiograma foram realizados at&#233; 6 meses antes do procedimento. Foi considerada IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida quando FEVE &lt;50% pelo m&#233;todo de Simpson bidimensional.</p>
        <p>Os transtornos de humor foram avaliados por meio da escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depress&#227;o (HADS-A e HADS-D), e quando a soma dos pontos da escala foi maior que 8 (HADS-A&gt; 8 ou HADS-D&gt; 8) foi considerado com algum grau de desordem.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A baixa ades&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica foi medida pela escala de <italic>Morisky</italic>, e aqueles com &lt; 6 pontos foram considerados de baixa ades&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> A autonomia e capacidade de manuten&#231;&#227;o do autocuidado foi avaliada por meio do question&#225;rio <italic>Self Care Hf</italic>. Aqueles com menos de 70 pontos foram considerados com d&#233;ficit de autocuidado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Consideramos vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica os pacientes que autorrelataram renda familiar menor que um sal&#225;rio-m&#237;nimo e baixa escolaridade (analfabetos ou com at&#233; 5 anos de escolaridade).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>O teste de Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov foi utilizado para verificar a distribui&#231;&#227;o normal das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas. Vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram descritas por m&#233;dias e desvios-padr&#227;o e comparadas pelo teste T de Student n&#227;o pareado. Vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o normal foram descritas pelas medianas e intervalos interquartis 25% e 75% e comparadas pelo teste de Mann-Whitney. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram descritas como frequ&#234;ncias e porcentagens e comparadas pelo teste do qui-quadrado. A curva de Kaplan-Meier foi usada para estimar a sobrevida e o teste Log-Rank foi usado para comparar a sobrevida entre os grupos. Para an&#225;lise multivariada, foi utilizado o modelo de Cox, incluindo vari&#225;veis com poss&#237;vel associa&#231;&#227;o com o desfecho (p&lt;0,1). Um valor-p &lt;0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. O <italic>Statistical Package for the Social Sciences</italic> (SPSS) vers&#227;o 20.0 foi utilizado para a an&#225;lise de todos os dados.</p>
        <p>De acordo com a resolu&#231;&#227;o 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de, o presente estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica em pesquisa local e todos os procedimentos foram realizados de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos 208 indiv&#237;duos submetidos a implante de CDI para profilaxia secund&#225;ria de morte s&#250;bita. Destes, 144 (68,9%) eram do sexo masculino, a idade m&#233;dia foi de 58 &#177;12 anos, 91 (43,5%) estavam em classe funcional NYHA III, e a FEVE m&#233;dia foi de 32%&#177;9. A cardiopatia chag&#225;sica foi a etiologia mais prevalente, representando 107 (51%) pacientes, seguida da cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, com 52 (25%) pacientes (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>). A m&#233;dia da estimativa de mortalidade em 1 ano pelo Maggic score foi de 15,9&#177;10,5%.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="25%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
              <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Total<break/>n=208</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Com MEPS</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Sem MEPS</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Masculino; n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">144 (68,9%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">92 (68,1%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (70,3%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Idade, m&#233;dia (&#177;DP)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">58,1 (&#177;12,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">59,9 (&#177;12,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">54,9 (&#177;11,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">154 (73,7%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">104 (77%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">50 (67,6%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (24,9%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">40 (29,6%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">12 (16,2%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">51 (24,4%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">41 (30,4%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (13,5%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">AVC pr&#233;vio, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">29 (13,9%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">22 (16,3%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (9,5%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">66 (31,6%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">47 (37,4%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (25,7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">36 (17,2%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">28 (20,7%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (10,8%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">FEVE, m&#233;dia (&#177;DP)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">32,1 (&#177;9,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">31,5 (&#177;9,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">33,0 (&#177;9,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Ressuscitado de PCR em FV/TV, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">74 (35,4%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">50 (37,0%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (32,4%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">NYHA III, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">91 (43,5%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">76 (54,3%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">15 (20,3%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Miocardiopatia chag&#225;sica, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">107 (51,2%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">34 (45,9%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">73 (54,1%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Miocardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (24,9%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (25,7%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">47 (34,8%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">iECA ou BRA ou INRA, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">151 (72,2%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">95 (70,4%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">56 (75,7%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Betabloqueadores, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">163 (78,0%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">101 (74,8%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">62 (83,4%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Amiodarona, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">120 (57,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">84 (62,2%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">36 (48,6%)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">MAGGIC score%, m&#233;dia (&#177;DP)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">15,9 (&#177;10,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">18,0 (&#177;111,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">12,0 (&#177;6,9)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corporal; iECA: inibidores da enzima conversora da angiotensina; BRA: bloqueador do receptor da aldosterona; INRA: inibidores do receptor da neprilisina; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; MEPS: marcadores econ&#244;micos e psicossociais; NYHA: New York Heart Association; TV: taquicardia ventricular; FV: fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>O tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento foi de 586 &#177;407 dias, sem perda de seguimento. As indica&#231;&#245;es para o implante do dispositivo foi TVS sintom&#225;tica em 135 (64,6%) indiv&#237;duos e PCR em ritmo de FV/TV em 74 (35,4%). No primeiro ano p&#243;s implante do CDI, a mortalidade geral foi de 54/208 (25,8%) e, ao longo de todo per&#237;odo do estudo, foi de 41/208 (19,6%) &#243;bitos.</p>
      <p>A EMD identificou pelo menos um dos MEPS em 135 (64,6%) indiv&#237;duos. Os MEPS mais prevalentes foram: vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica (48,8%) e d&#233;ficit no autocuidado (39,7%).</p>
      <p>N&#227;o houve &#243;bito no per&#237;odo menor que um ano dentre os pacientes sem MEPS, enquanto nos pacientes que apresentavam pelo menos 1 MEPS, a mortalidade no mesmo per&#237;odo foi 41 (30,4%), p&lt;0,001 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f1">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Curva de sobrevida (Kaplan-Meier) em um ano de pacientes ap&#243;s implante de CDI como preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria realizados s no Hospital Ana Nery entre 2017 e 2021. MEPS: marcadores econ&#244;micos e psicossociais.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-10-e20220899-20899-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <p>O boxplot (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>) mostra a distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados referentes &#224; frequ&#234;ncia de MEPS presente em cada paciente e &#224; mortalidade em um ano. A mediana de fatores entre os que evolu&#237;ram a &#243;bito foi de 3 (1-4), enquanto foi de 1 (0-2) entre os que estavam vivos ao final do primeiro ano (p&lt;0,001).</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Quantidade de marcadores econ&#244;micos e psicossociais (MEPS) desfavor&#225;veis e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com mortalidade no primeiro ano ap&#243;s implante de CDI.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-10-e20220899-20899-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> mostra a compara&#231;&#227;o univariada das vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e psicossociais entre os indiv&#237;duos que evolu&#237;ram a &#243;bito e os sobreviventes. Na an&#225;lise multivariada, incluindo fatores cl&#237;nicos que apresentaram associa&#231;&#227;o na univariada ou com plausibilidade biol&#243;gica de associa&#231;&#227;o com o desfecho prim&#225;rio, apenas a presen&#231;a dos MEPS e a FEVE foram preditores independentes da mortalidade em um ano: HR 20,48 (2,75 &#8211; 52,29); p=0,003 e HR 0,97 (0,93 &#8211; 0,99); p=0,047, respectivamente (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Compara&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas basais dos indiv&#237;duos sobreviventes e os que evolu&#237;ram a &#243;bito no primeiro ano ap&#243;s implante</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="25%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
              <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">Sobreviventes</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">&#211;bitos</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">p</th>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
              <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">167 (80,3%)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">41 (19,7%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Masculino; n(%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">112 (67,1%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">31 (75,6%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,349</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Idade, m&#233;dia (&#177;DP)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">57 (&#177;12)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">62 (&#177;12)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,040</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Miocardiopatia chag&#225;sica, n(%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">86 (51,5%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">21 (51,2%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,999</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Miocardiopatia isqu&#234;mica, n(%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">40 (24%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">12 (29,3%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,546</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Ouras etiologias conhecidas, n(%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (25,5%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (19,2%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,307</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Sist&#234;mica, n(%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">123 (73,7%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">30 (73,2%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,999</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes, n(%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">38 (22,8%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (34,1%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,159</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, n(%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">37 (22,2%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (34,1%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,155</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Acidente Vascular Cerebral pr&#233;vio n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">21 (12,6%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (19,5%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,312</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">47 (28,1%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (46,3%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,038</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a Renal Cr&#244;nica, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (15,1%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (24,4%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,247</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">FEVE %, m&#233;dia (&#177;DP)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">32,8 (&#177;9,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">28,9 (&#177;8,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,013</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">NYHA III, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">64 (38,3%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (63,4%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,005</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">MAGGIC score (% de risco em 1 ano), m&#233;dia (&#177;DP)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">14,4 (&#177;9,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">22,2 (&#177;13,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">70 (41,9%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">32 (78,0%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt;0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">D&#233;ficit no autocuidado, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">59 (35,3%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (58,5%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,008</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Baixa ades&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">31 (18,6%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">16 (39,0%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,011</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Transtornos do Humor, n (%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">58 (34,7%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (58,5%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,007</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">PCR em FV/ TV</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">57 (34,1%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">16 (39,0%)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,586</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; NYHA: New York Heart Association. Transtornos do Humor: ansiedade e/ou depress&#227;o; D&#233;ficit do autocuidado: Self-care &lt; 70 pontos; Baixa ades&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica: Morisky &lt; 6 pontos.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Tabela 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>An&#225;lise univariada e multivariada na mortalidade inferior a um ano ap&#243;s implante de CDI</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="20%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
              <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">An&#225;lise</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">p</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">An&#225;lise</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">p</th>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
              <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Univariada</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Multivariada</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">RR (IC de 95%)</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">HR (IC de 95%)</td>
              <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Presen&#231;a de MEPS</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,44 (1,29 &#8211; 1,61)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt; 0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">20,48 (2,75 &#8211; 52,29)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,003</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">FEVE</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,96 (0,95 &#8211; 0,97)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,97 (0,93 &#8211; 0,99)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,047</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a de Chagas</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,01 (0,51 &#8211; 2,00)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,999</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,12 (0,52 &#8211; 2,40)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,773</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">NYHA III</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">2,27 (1,28 &#8211; 4,03)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,005</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,99 (0,51 &#8211; 1,94)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,978</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Idade</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,98 (0,98 &#8211; 0,99)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt;0,001</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,01 (0,98 &#8211; 1,04)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,423</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">IAM pr&#233;vio</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,86 (1,08 &#8211; 3,19)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,038</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,86 (0,85 &#8211; 4,05)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,120</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <p>MEPS: marcadores econ&#244;micos e psicossociais; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; IAM: infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os fatores psicossociais e socioecon&#244;micos estiveram associados de forma independente com maior mortalidade na popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com IC submetidos a implante de CDI para preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria de morte s&#250;bita. O que demonstra que, al&#233;m da fragilidade cl&#237;nica provocada pela doen&#231;a, aqueles que apresentam baixa ades&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica, d&#233;ficit no autocuidado, vulnerabilidade socioecon&#244;mica e transtornos do humor, os MEPS, t&#234;m maior probabilidade de morte precoce.</p>
      <p>Poucos estudos na literatura avaliaram a rela&#231;&#227;o dos fatores psicol&#243;gicos e socioecon&#244;micos com o progn&#243;stico dos indiv&#237;duos com IC ou candidatos a implante de DCEIs de alto custo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A estrat&#233;gia de avalia&#231;&#227;o dos candidatos a implante de DCEI, ou pelo menos a sua sistematiza&#231;&#227;o horizontalizada para tomada de decis&#227;o, &#233; pioneira no Brasil e mundialmente in&#233;dita para casos de implante de DCEIs. Dessa forma, a EMD foi fundamental para que fossem identificados importantes preditores que, em nosso seguimento, foram determinantes na mortalidade em 12 meses. Um modelo semelhante ao nosso ocorre num hospital no Reino unido, onde 80% dos tratamentos de c&#226;ncer s&#227;o decididos ap&#243;s reuni&#227;o com profissionais de diferentes disciplinas de sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A rela&#231;&#227;o entre mortalidade precoce e presen&#231;a de MEPS provavelmente adv&#233;m de diversos mecanismos, sendo os mais importantes levantados na literatura relacionados ao baixo entendimento dos pacientes referente ao processo de adoecimento, a falta de autonomia ou incapacidade para o autocuidado e descuido na ades&#227;o farmacol&#243;gica associado a dificuldades no acesso aos recursos de sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O d&#233;ficit no autocuidado est&#225; relacionamento com o gerenciamento inadequado de pr&#225;ticas e a&#231;&#245;es propositivas em rela&#231;&#227;o a diminui&#231;&#227;o da ingest&#227;o hidro salina, uso irregular de medicamentos, cessa&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo, n&#227;o vacina&#231;&#227;o para pneumonia e influenza, bem como o monitoramento sistem&#225;tico do peso. Estudos apontam que o autocuidado &#233; deficiente na maioria dos portadores de IC com varia&#231;&#245;es de acordo com fatores sociodemogr&#225;ficos, econ&#244;micos, cultural, educacional, etiol&#243;gico, como tamb&#233;m varia em diferentes nacionalidades.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Estima-se que em torno de 60% dos pacientes com IC apresentam algum grau de ansiedade e/ou depress&#227;o e apenas um ter&#231;o s&#227;o diagnosticados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> S&#227;o pacientes com altas taxas de re-hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e mortalidade precoce, al&#233;m de experimentarem sentimentos, sensa&#231;&#245;es e eventos que afetam a qualidade de vida como dificuldades de adapta&#231;&#227;o com o dispositivo, maiores chances de infec&#231;&#227;o e choques inapropriados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Nossa taxa de pacientes identificados com transtornos do humor foi 39,8% e tiveram impacto na mortalidade (p=0,012).</p>
      <p>As taxas de pacientes com uso inadequado ou n&#227;o sistem&#225;tico dos medicamentos varia entre 30-60%. &#201; um problema multifatorial que est&#225; associado &#224; polifarm&#225;cia, &#224;s dificuldades socioecon&#244;micas, &#224; intoler&#226;ncia e ao acesso &#224;s drogas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Um estudo com 557 pacientes avaliou o impacto da ades&#227;o medicamentosa de pacientes com IC, um dos desfechos foi morte por qualquer causa. Ap&#243;s 1,1 ano de seguimento a mortalidade foi 28,5%, e aqueles com baixa ades&#227;o esteve associada isoladamente na mortalidade e com risco duas vezes maior de morte, p&lt;0,001.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Em nossa amostra apesar de ser o marcador com menor preval&#234;ncia &#8211; 47/208 (22,5%), esteve associada com mortalidade no primeiro ano do implante (p=0,011).</p>
      <p>Um dado relevante foi a elevada preval&#234;ncia de indiv&#237;duos com miocardiopatia por Doen&#231;a de Chagas. Este fato poderia ter rela&#231;&#227;o com uma popula&#231;&#227;o de maior vulnerabilidade psicossocial. No entanto, o diagn&#243;stico de miocardiopatia chag&#225;sica n&#227;o apresentou associa&#231;&#227;o com maior mortalidade na an&#225;lise univariada ou multivariada. Portanto, este estudo levanta a hip&#243;tese de que a maior morbimortalidade relacionada &#224; cardiopatia por Doen&#231;a de Chagas pode estar ligada a um fator biol&#243;gico, relacionado &#224; infec&#231;&#227;o e seus mecanismos de les&#227;o ao mi&#243;cito, ou ser um reflexo das piores condi&#231;&#245;es psicossociais a que estes indiv&#237;duos est&#227;o sujeitos, uma vez que a Doen&#231;a de Chagas &#233; mais prevalente em popula&#231;&#245;es de baixa renda e com condi&#231;&#245;es sanit&#225;rias prec&#225;rias, devido &#224; sua forma de transmiss&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A mortalidade em um ano estimada pelo Maggic score foi de cerca de 15%; no entanto, a mortalidade identificada neste per&#237;odo foi de 25%. Por&#233;m, no grupo que n&#227;o apresentava marcadores econ&#244;micos e sociais desfavor&#225;veis, n&#227;o houve &#243;bito no per&#237;odo de um ano. Sendo assim, a taxa de mortalidade elevada desta popula&#231;&#227;o pode estar relacionada ao impacto destes marcadores em uma popula&#231;&#227;o atendida exclusivamente pelo sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de e, portanto, com maior preval&#234;ncia deles. Estudo publicado por Yusuf et al. demonstra que os fatores socioecon&#244;micos tendem a ter maior impacto na morbimortalidade das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares quanto menor &#233; o status socioecon&#244;mico da popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O estudo apresenta como limita&#231;&#245;es o fato de ser unic&#234;ntrico e incluir uma popula&#231;&#227;o com elevada preval&#234;ncia de marcadores socioecon&#244;micos desfavor&#225;veis, por&#233;m, trata-se de uma popula&#231;&#227;o habitual atendida em um servi&#231;o de refer&#234;ncia do sistema &#250;nico de sa&#250;de.</p>
      <p>Demonstramos, portanto, que tanto fatores psicossociais quanto os socioecon&#244;micos est&#227;o interrelacionados e t&#234;m impacto direto e de maneira t&#227;o relevante quanto os fatores diretamente relacionados &#224; biologia da doen&#231;a. Sendo assim, &#233; importante enfatizar a avalia&#231;&#227;o multidisciplinar com foco na identifica&#231;&#227;o de outros agravos potencialmente resolv&#237;veis como as doen&#231;as psicol&#243;gicas, d&#233;ficit no autocuidado e ades&#227;o medicamentosa antes da realiza&#231;&#227;o do implante do CDI, especialmente em sistemas de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica, em que h&#225; escassez de recursos. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; importante investir em fatores n&#227;o diretamente relacionados &#224; sa&#250;de, mas que impactam os desfechos das pol&#237;ticas &#224; sa&#250;de.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A presen&#231;a de fatores psicossociais e socioecon&#244;micos desfavor&#225;veis em indiv&#237;duos com IC submetidos a implante de CDI para profilaxia secund&#225;ria de morte s&#250;bita esteve associada com um aumento de mortalidade no primeiro ano, ou seja, implantes considerados inapropriados pelas atuais diretrizes.</p>
      <p>Sendo assim, prioritariamente deve ser preconizada a inclus&#227;o de EMD na avalia&#231;&#227;o e nas discuss&#245;es do <italic>Device Team</italic>.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de mestrado de William Neves de Carvalho pelo Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Medicina e Sa&#250;de da Universidade Federal da Bahia.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital Ana Nery sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1.421.936. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rohde</surname>
              <given-names>LEP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Montera</surname>
              <given-names>MW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bocchi</surname>
              <given-names>EA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Clausell</surname>
              <given-names>NO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rassi</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Diretriz Brasileira de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica e Aguda</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>111</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>436</fpage>
          <lpage>539</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180190</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 Rohde LEP, Montera MW, Bocchi EA, Clausell NO, Albuquerque DC, Rassi S, et al. Diretriz Brasileira de Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica e Aguda. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;111(3):436-539. doi: 10.5935/abc.20180190.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Teixeira</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fagundes</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baggio</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Medeiros</surname>
              <given-names>PTJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Valdigem</surname>
              <given-names>BP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Brazilian Guidelines for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices - 2023</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>120</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20220892</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220892</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Teixeira RA, Fagundes AA, Baggio JM Jr, Oliveira JC, Medeiros PTJ, Valdigem BP, et al. Brazilian Guidelines for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices - 2023. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2023;120(1):e20220892. doi: 10.36660/abc.20220892.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Carmo</surname>
              <given-names>AAL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sousa</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Agudelo</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boersma</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rocha</surname>
              <given-names>MOC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>ALP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator in Chagas heart disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>267</volume>
          <fpage>88</fpage>
          <lpage>93</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.091</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Carmo AAL, Sousa MR, Agudelo JF, Boersma E, Rocha MOC, Ribeiro ALP, et al. Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator in Chagas heart disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies. Int J Cardiol. 2018;267:88-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.091.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sokoreli</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cleland</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pauws</surname>
              <given-names>SC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Steyerberg</surname>
              <given-names>EW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vries</surname>
              <given-names>JJG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Riistama</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Added Value of Frailty and Social Support in Predicting Risk of 30-day Unplanned Re-admission or Death for Patients with Heart Failure: An Analysis from OPERA-HF</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>278</volume>
          <fpage>167</fpage>
          <lpage>172</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.030</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Sokoreli I, Cleland JG, Pauws SC, Steyerberg EW, Vries JJG, Riistama JM, et al. Added Value of Frailty and Social Support in Predicting Risk of 30-day Unplanned Re-admission or Death for Patients with Heart Failure: An Analysis from OPERA-HF. Int J Cardiol. 2019;278:167-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.12.030.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Marcolino</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Suzuki</surname>
              <given-names>FM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alli</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gozzani</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mathias</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Measurement of Anxiety and Depression in Preoperative Patients. Comparative Study</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Anestesiol</source>
          <year>2007</year>
          <volume>57</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>157</fpage>
          <lpage>166</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0034-70942007000200004</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Marcolino JA, Suzuki FM, Alli LA, Gozzani JL, Mathias LA. Measurement of Anxiety and Depression in Preoperative Patients. Comparative Study. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2007;57(2):157-66. doi: 10.1590/s0034-70942007000200004.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
              <given-names>VM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>LN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Furuya</surname>
              <given-names>RK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Schmidt</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rossi</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dantas</surname>
              <given-names>RA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Self-care, Sense of Coherence and Depression in Patients Hospitalized for Decompensated Heart Failure</article-title>
          <source>Rev Esc Enferm USP</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>49</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>388</fpage>
          <lpage>394</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/S0080-623420150000300005</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Ferreira VM, Silva LN, Furuya RK, Schmidt A, Rossi LA, Dantas RA. Self-care, Sense of Coherence and Depression in Patients Hospitalized for Decompensated Heart Failure. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2015;49(3):388-94. doi: 10.1590/S0080-623420150000300005.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fitzgerald</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Powers</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ho</surname>
              <given-names>PM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maddox</surname>
              <given-names>TM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Peterson</surname>
              <given-names>PN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Allen</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Impact of Medication Nonadherence on Hospitalizations and Mortality in Heart Failure</article-title>
          <source>J Card Fail</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>664</fpage>
          <lpage>669</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.04.011</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Fitzgerald AA, Powers JD, Ho PM, Maddox TM, Peterson PN, Allen LA, et al. Impact of Medication Nonadherence on Hospitalizations and Mortality in Heart Failure. J Card Fail. 2011;17(8):664-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2011.04.011.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Botega</surname><given-names>NJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Bio</surname><given-names>MR</given-names></name><name><surname>Zomignani</surname><given-names>MA</given-names></name> Garcia <name><surname>C</surname><given-names>Jr</given-names></name> <name><surname>Pereira</surname><given-names>WA</given-names></name> </person-group>
          <article-title>Mood Disorders Among Inpatients in Ambulatory and Validation of the Anxiety and Depression Scale HAD</article-title>
          <source>Rev Saude Publica</source>
          <year>1995</year>
          <volume>29</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>355</fpage>
          <lpage>363</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0034-89101995000500004</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Botega NJ, Bio MR, Zomignani MA, Garcia C Jr, Pereira WA. Mood Disorders Among Inpatients in Ambulatory and Validation of the Anxiety and Depression Scale HAD. Rev Saude Publica. 1995;29(5):355-63. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89101995000500004.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Carneiro</surname>
              <given-names>AF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mathias</surname>
              <given-names>LA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rassi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Morais</surname>
              <given-names>NS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gozzani</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Miranda</surname>
              <given-names>AP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Evaluation of Preoperative Anxiety and Depression in Patients Undergoing Invasive Cardiac Procedures</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Anestesiol</source>
          <year>2009</year>
          <volume>59</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>431</fpage>
          <lpage>438</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0034-70942009000400005</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Carneiro AF, Mathias LA, Rassi A Jr, Morais NS, Gozzani JL, Miranda AP. Evaluation of Preoperative Anxiety and Depression in Patients Undergoing Invasive Cardiac Procedures. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2009;59(4):431-8. doi: 10.1590/s0034-70942009000400005.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Carmo</surname>
              <given-names>ME</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guizardi</surname>
              <given-names>FL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Concept of Vulnerability and Its Meanings for Public Policies in Health and Social Welfare</article-title>
          <source>Cad Saude Publica</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>34</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <elocation-id>e00101417</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0102-311X00101417</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Carmo ME, Guizardi FL. The Concept of Vulnerability and Its Meanings for Public Policies in Health and Social Welfare. Cad Saude Publica. 2018;34(3):e00101417. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00101417.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Theme</surname>
              <given-names>MM Filha</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>PR</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Damacena</surname>
              <given-names>GN</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Szwarcwald</surname>
              <given-names>CL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prevalence of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Association with Self-rated Health: National Health Survey, 2013</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Epidemiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>18</volume>
          <issue>suppl 2</issue>
          <fpage>83</fpage>
          <lpage>96</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/1980-5497201500060008</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11 Theme MM Filha, Souza PR Jr, Damacena GN, Szwarcwald CL. Prevalence of Chronic Non-communicable Diseases and Association with Self-rated Health: National Health Survey, 2013. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2015;18(suppl 2):83-96. doi: 10.1590/1980-5497201500060008.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Medeiros</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Medeiros</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Assessment of Self-care in Heart Failure Patients</article-title>
          <source>Cogitare Enferm</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>3</volume>
          <issue>22</issue>
          <elocation-id>e51082</elocation-id>
          <comment>0.5380/ce.v22i3.51082</comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12 Medeiros J, Medeiros CA. Assessment of Self-care in Heart Failure Patients. Cogitare Enferm. 2017;3(22):e51082. doi: 0.5380/ce.v22i3.51082.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Triposkiadis</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Giamouzis</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Parissis</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Starling</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Boudoulas</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Skoularigis</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Reframing the Association and Significance of Co-morbidities in Heart Failure</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>18</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>744</fpage>
          <lpage>758</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.600</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13 Triposkiadis F, Giamouzis G, Parissis J, Starling RC, Boudoulas H, Skoularigis J, et al. Reframing the Association and Significance of Co-morbidities in Heart Failure. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(7):744-58. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.600.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira-Filho</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barreto-Filho</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Neves</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lyra</surname>
              <given-names>DP</given-names>
              <suffix>Jr</suffix>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association between the 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and blood Pressure Control</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>99</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>649</fpage>
          <lpage>658</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0066-782x2012005000053</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>14 Oliveira-Filho AD, Barreto-Filho JA, Neves SJ, Lyra DP Jr. Association between the 8-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) and blood Pressure Control. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;99(1):649-58. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2012005000053.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sartipy</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dahlstr&#246;m</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Edner</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lund</surname>
              <given-names>LH</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Predicting Survival in Heart Failure: Validation of the MAGGIC Heart Failure Risk Score in 51,043 Patients from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>16</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>173</fpage>
          <lpage>179</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/ejhf.32</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>15 Sartipy U, Dahlstr&#246;m U, Edner M, Lund LH. Predicting Survival in Heart Failure: Validation of the MAGGIC Heart Failure Risk Score in 51,043 Patients from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16(2):173-9. doi: 10.1111/ejhf.32.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pocock</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ariti</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>McMurray</surname>
              <given-names>JJV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maggioni</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>K&#248;ber</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Squire</surname>
              <given-names>IB</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Predicting Survival in Heart Failure: A Risk Score Based on 39 372 Patients from 30 Studies</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>34</volume>
          <issue>19</issue>
          <fpage>1404</fpage>
          <lpage>1413</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehs337</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>16 Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, McMurray JJV, Maggioni A, K&#248;ber L, Squire IB, et al. Predicting Survival in Heart Failure: A Risk Score Based on 39 372 Patients from 30 Studies. Eur Heart J. 2013;34(19):1404-13. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs337.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>SC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Villela</surname>
              <given-names>PB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>GMM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Mortality Due to Heart Failure and Socioeconomic Development in Brazil between 1980 and 2018</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>944</fpage>
          <lpage>951</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20200902</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>17 Santos SC, Villela PB, Oliveira GMM. Mortality Due to Heart Failure and Socioeconomic Development in Brazil between 1980 and 2018. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;117(5):944-51. doi: 10.36660/abc.20200902.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gomes</surname>
              <given-names>HJA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Montenegro</surname>
              <given-names>CEL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Socioeconomic Indicators and Mortality from Heart Failure: Inseparable Parameters?</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>952</fpage>
          <lpage>953</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210826</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>18 Gomes HJA, Montenegro CEL. Socioeconomic Indicators and Mortality from Heart Failure: Inseparable Parameters? Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;117(5):952-3. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210826.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Passos</surname>
              <given-names>LCS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Viana</surname>
              <given-names>TT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Carvalho</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grimaldi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Roriz</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Judgement of the Multidisciplinary Team is an Important Predictor of Mortality after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy</article-title>
          <source>ESC Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>5275</fpage>
          <lpage>5281</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ehf2.13611</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>19 Passos LCS, Viana TT, Carvalho W, Grimaldi A, Roriz P, Figueiredo C, et al. Judgement of the Multidisciplinary Team is an Important Predictor of Mortality after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. ESC Heart Fail. 2021;8(6):5275-81. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13611.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tyson</surname>
              <given-names>SF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Burton</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>McGovern</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Multi-disciplinary Team Meetings in Stroke Rehabilitation: An Observation Study and Conceptual Framework</article-title>
          <source>Clin Rehabil</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1237</fpage>
          <lpage>1247</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0269215514535942</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>20 Tyson SF, Burton L, McGovern A. Multi-disciplinary Team Meetings in Stroke Rehabilitation: An Observation Study and Conceptual Framework. Clin Rehabil. 2014;28(12):1237-47. doi: 10.1177/0269215514535942.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Linn</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Azollin</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>EN</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Association between Self-care and Hospital Readmissions of Patients with Heart Failure</article-title>
          <source>Rev Bras Enferm</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>69</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>500</fpage>
          <lpage>506</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0034-7167.2016690312i</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>21 Linn AC, Azollin K, Souza EN. Association between Self-care and Hospital Readmissions of Patients with Heart Failure. Rev Bras Enferm. 2016;69(3):500-6. doi: 10.1590/0034-7167.2016690312i.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Concei&#231;&#227;o</surname>
              <given-names>AP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>MA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cruz</surname>
              <given-names>DALM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Self-care in Heart Failure Patients</article-title>
          <source>Rev Lat Am Enfermagem</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>23</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>578</fpage>
          <lpage>586</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/0104-1169.0288.2591</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>22 Concei&#231;&#227;o AP, Santos MA, Santos B, Cruz DALM. Self-care in Heart Failure Patients. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2015;23(4):578-86. doi: 10.1590/0104-1169.0288.2591.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <label>23</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Guimar&#227;es</surname>
              <given-names>TB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pinheiro</surname>
              <given-names>AO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Siqueira</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nishioka</surname>
              <given-names>SD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martinelli</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Relev&#226;ncia de Fatores Psicossociais e da Ocorr&#234;ncia de Choques do Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel na Percep&#231;&#227;o da Doen&#231;a Card&#237;aca como Amea&#231;a: Um Estudo COMFORT-CDI</article-title>
          <source>Rev SBPH</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>117</fpage>
          <lpage>132</lpage>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>23 Guimar&#227;es TB, Pinheiro AO, Oliveira C, Siqueira S, Nishioka SD, Martinelli M Filho. Relev&#226;ncia de Fatores Psicossociais e da Ocorr&#234;ncia de Choques do Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel na Percep&#231;&#227;o da Doen&#231;a Card&#237;aca como Amea&#231;a: Um Estudo COMFORT-CDI. Rev SBPH. 2016;19(1):117-132.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B24">
        <label>24</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Saccomann</surname>
              <given-names>IC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cintra</surname>
              <given-names>FA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gallani</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Factors Associated with Beliefs About Adherence to Non-pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Heart Failure</article-title>
          <source>Rev Esc Enferm USP</source>
          <year>2014</year>
          <volume>48</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>18</fpage>
          <lpage>24</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1590/s0080-623420140000100002</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>24 Saccomann IC, Cintra FA, Gallani MC. Factors Associated with Beliefs About Adherence to Non-pharmacological Treatment of Patients with Heart Failure. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2014;48(1):18-24. doi: 10.1590/s0080-623420140000100002.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B25">
        <label>25</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Yusuf</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Joseph</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rangarajan</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Islam</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mente</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hystad</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Modifiable Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in 155 722 Individuals from 21 High-income, Middle-income, and Low-income Countries (PURE): A Prospective Cohort Study</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>395</volume>
          <issue>10226</issue>
          <fpage>10795</fpage>
          <lpage>808</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>25 Yusuf S, Joseph P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Mente A, Hystad P, et al. Modifiable Risk Factors, Cardiovascular Disease, and Mortality in 155 722 Individuals from 21 High-income, Middle-income, and Low-income Countries (PURE): A Prospective Cohort Study. Lancet. 2020;395(10226):795-808. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32008-2.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220899i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Potentially Inappropriate Cardioverter Defibrillator Implants in Secondary Prevention of Death</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7782-4567</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>William Neves de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1194-8246</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Tain&#225; Teixeira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7722-9087</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Clara Salles</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript and Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia &#8211; UFBA, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>William Neves de Carvalho</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal da Bahia &#8211; Departamento de Medicina &#8211; Rua Dom Jo&#227;o VI, 109, Cond. Santa Maria. Postal Code <postal-code>402790-090</postal-code>, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>wenfo21@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are recommended for patients experiencing malignant tachyarrhythmias due to irreversible causes, who are clinically stable, and have a life expectancy exceeding one year. However, adverse socioeconomic and psychosocial conditions can adversely affect short-term survival and may render implantation inappropriate.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective:</title>
          <p>To assess whether economic and psychosocial markers (EPSM) are associated with higher mortality in the first year (indicating potentially inappropriate implants) following ICD implantation.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>A prospective cohort study conducted between 2017 and 2021 included patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt; 50% who underwent ICD implantation for secondary prophylaxis. Prior to the procedure, patients were evaluated by an MDT, which examined four EPSM variables, namely socioeconomic vulnerability, self-care capacity, pharmacological adherence, and mood disorders. The participants were monitored for at least 12 months. Statistical significance was considered to be p-values &lt; 0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>A total of 208 individuals were included, with 144 (68.9%) being male. The mean LVEF was 32% &#177;9 and 107 (51%) had Chagas disease etiology. The mortality rate in the first year was 54/208 (25.8%). All patients who died had at least one of the EPSM and there no deaths were reported among the 73 (35.4%) who did not have EPSM. In multivariate analysis, having EPSM and LVEF were the only independent predictors of mortality under 1 year: RR 20.48 (2.75 &#8211; 52.29); p=0.003 and RR 0.97 (0.93 &#8211; 0.99); p=0.047, respectively.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>Socioeconomic and psychosocial conditions should be identified and, where possible, resolved before implantation, as they may make device implantation a potentially inappropriate procedure.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Implantable Defibrillators</kwd>
        <kwd>Treatment Adherence and Compliance</kwd>
        <kwd>Medication Adherence</kwd>
        <kwd>Social Vulnerability</kwd>
        <kwd>Patient Care Team</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the therapy of choice for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients resuscitated from cardiorespiratory arrest due to ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), recurrent syncopal events of arrhythmogenic origin and VT events with hemodynamic instability, including mostly patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Candidates for this therapy must have a life expectancy of more than 1 year and be in good clinical condition to undergo the procedure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Despite its proven efficacy in the medium and long term, some studies have shown questionable results regarding the efficacy of ICDs in reducing mortality in certain populations with precarious socioeconomic and psychosocial conditions, which impact short-term survival and may make ICD implantation an inappropriate therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>HFREF is associated with a high incidence of other comorbidities that leave patients vulnerable.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> As a result, many eligible candidates described in the guidelines may have additional challenges such as socioeconomic vulnerability, neglect, inability to self-care, difficulties with medication adherence, and often psychological disorders like anxiety and depression. These economic and psychosocial markers (EPSM) are particularly relevant issues in developing countries, where access to health services is limited.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Given the high mortality rates associated with HFREF from various causes, guidelines strongly recommend employing a multidisciplinary team (MDT) to assess patients comprehensively. In more complex cases, discussions within "Heart Teams" are encouraged to determine the most suitable procedures and therapies available.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In this context, alongside physicians, it is crucial to involve a range of professionals (including nurses, psychologists, social workers, nutritionists, and pharmacists) during assessments before implantation. This approach aims to identify individuals who meet implantation criteria but may exhibit less apparent variables, which are not typically within the expertise of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) specialists but could predict early mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-10-e20220899-20899-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Therefore, this study aims to investigate the association between unfavorable EPSM and one-year all-cause mortality (indicating potentially inappropriate implants) in individuals evaluated by an MDT and who underwent ICD implantation for secondary prevention of death.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study design</title>
          <p>This is an observational and prospective cohort study from a single center in the Northeast Region of Brazil, conducted between 2017 and July 2021. The study center is the main referral hospital for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the only one to perform ICD implantations through the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in the State of Bahia.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study population</title>
          <p>Eligibility requirements included patients &#8805; 18 years old with LVEF &lt;50%, with an indication for ICD implantation as secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death (SCD) according to the guidelines. Events considered as secondary prevention were resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) in VT/VF rhythm or those who presented symptomatic VT. Individuals should have a life expectancy greater than one year.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> The MDT comprised both medical and non-medical professionals (nurses, nutritionists, psychologists, pharmacists, social workers, and clinical cardiologists). Following data collection (via assessment tools), cases were discussed within a specific Heart Team designated as the Device Team (DT) for high-cost CIED implantation candidates within the institution.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Endpoint</title>
          <p>The primary endpoint was mortality within a period of less than one year after device implantation (implants considered potentially inappropriate).</p>
          <p>All patients were monitored for at least 12 months, by telephone every 30 days and in person every 6 months, according to the institution's standards.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Variables of Interest</title>
          <p>After receiving formal indication for ICD implantation from an arrhythmologist, all patients underwent a face-to-face interview with a MDT consisting of a heart failure (HF) specialized nurse, a clinical cardiologist, a psychologist, a pharmacist, and a social worker. During these interviews, information was gathered on various clinical aspects including NYHA classification, presence of pre-existing comorbidities, prior medication usage for HF management and arrhythmia control, anthropometric measurements, laboratory results, and echocardiographic findings. Additionally, the assessment covered psychosocial and socioeconomic factors such as mood disorders, medication adherence, self-care abilities, family income, and education level.</p>
          <p>Laboratory tests were performed up to 24 hours before implantation. CKD-EPI assessed the glomerular filtration rate. All echocardiogram tests were performed up to 6 months before the procedure. HF was considered with reduced ejection fraction when LVEF &lt;50% by the two-dimensional Simpson method.</p>
          <p>Mood disorders were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D), and the patient was considered to have some degree of disorder when the sum of the scale points was greater than 8 (HADS-A&gt; 8 or HADS-D&gt; 8).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Poor pharmacological adherence was measured by the Morisky scale and those with &lt;6 points were considered to have low adherence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Autonomy and ability to maintain self-care were assessed using the Self Care HF questionnaire. Those with less than 70 points were considered to have a self-care deficit.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> We considered patients who self-reported family income of less than one minimum wage and low education (illiterate or with up to 5 years of schooling) to be socioeconomically vulnerable.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>The Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test was used to verify the normal distribution of continuous variables. Variables with normal distribution were described by means and standard deviations and compared using the unpaired Student's t-test. Variables with non-normal distribution were described by medians and 25% and 75% interquartile ranges and compared using the Mann-Whitney test. Categorical variables were described as frequencies and percentages, and compared using the chi-square test. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate survival and the Log-Rank test was used to compare survival between groups. For multivariate analysis, the Cox model was applied, including variables with a possible association with the endpoint (p&lt;0.1). P-values &lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for the analysis of all data.</p>
          <p>In accordance with resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council, this study was approved by the local research ethics committee, and all procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 208 individuals who underwent ICD implantation for secondary prophylaxis of sudden death were included. Of these, 144 (68.9%) were male, the mean age was 58 &#177; 12 years, 91 (43.5%) were in NYHA functional class III, and the mean LVEF was 32% &#177; 9. Chagas heart disease was the most prevalent etiology, accounting for 107 (51%) patients, followed by ischemic heart disease, with 52 (25%) patients (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 1</xref>). The mean mortality estimate at 1 year by the Maggic score was 15.9 &#177; 10.5%.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t4">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Baseline characteristics</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="25%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Total<break/>n=208</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">With EPSM</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Without EPSM</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Male; n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">144 (68.9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">92 (68.1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (70.3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Age, average (&#177;SD)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">58.1 (&#177; 12.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">59.9 (&#177; 12.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">54.9 (&#177; 11.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Hypertension, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">154 (73.7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">104 (77%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">50 (67.6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (24.9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">40 (29.6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">12 (16.2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Atrial fibrillation, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">51 (24.4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">41 (30.4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (13.5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Previous stroke, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">29 (13.9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">22 (16.3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">7 (9.5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Previous myocardial infarction, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">66 (31.6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">47 (37.4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (25.7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Chronic kidney disease, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">36 (17.2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">28 (20.7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (10.8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">LVEF, mean (&#177;SD)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">32.1 (&#177; 9.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">31.5 (&#177; 9.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">33.0 (&#177; 9.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Resuscitated from cardiac arrest in VF/VT, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">74 (35.4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">50 (37.0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (32.4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">NYHA III, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">91 (43.5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">76 (54.3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">15 (20.3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Chagas cardiomyopathy, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">107 (51.2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">34 (45.9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">73 (54.1%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Ischemic cardiomyopathy, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (24.9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (25.7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">47 (34.8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">ACEI or ARB or ARNI, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">151 (72.2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">95 (70.4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">56 (75.7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Beta blockers, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">163 (78.0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">101 (74.8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">62 (83.4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Amiodarone, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">120 (57.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">84 (62.2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">36 (48.6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">MAGGIC score%, mean (&#177;SD)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">15.9 (&#177; 10.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">18.0 (&#177; 111.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">12.0 (&#177; 6.9)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>BMI: body mass index; ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: aldosterone receptor blocker; ARNI: neprilysin receptor inhibitors; EPSM: economic and psychosocial markers; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; VT: ventricular tachycardia; VF: ventricular fibrillation.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The mean follow-up time was 586 &#177; 407 days, with no loss to follow-up. The indications for device implantation were symptomatic SVT in 135 (64.6%) individuals and CPA in VF/VT rhythm in 74 (35.4%). In the first year after ICD implantation, overall mortality was 54/208 (25.8%), and throughout the entire study period, 41/208 (19.6%) deaths occurred.</p>
        <p>The MDT identified at least one of the EPSM in 135 (64.6%) individuals. The most prevalent EPSM were socioeconomic vulnerability (48.8%) and self-care deficit (39.7%).</p>
        <p>No deaths were reported in the period of less than one year among patients without EPSM, while in patients who had at least 1 EPSM, mortality in the same period was 41 (30.4%), p &lt;0.001 (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f5">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>One-year survival curve (Kaplan-Meier) of patients after ICD implantation as secondary prevention performed at Hospital Ana Nery between 2017 and 2021. EPSM: economic and psychosocial markers.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-10-e20220899-20899-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>The boxplot (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 2</xref>) shows the distribution of data regarding the frequency of EPSM for each patient and mortality in one year. The median of factors among those who died was 3 (1-4), while it was 1 (0-2) among those who were alive at the end of the first year (p &lt;0.001).</p>
        <fig id="f6">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Number of unfavorable economic and psychosocial markers (EPSM) and their relationship with mortality in the first year after ICD implantation.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-10-e20220899-20899-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 2</xref> shows the univariate comparison of clinical and psychosocial variables between individuals who died and survivors. In the multivariate analysis, including clinical factors that showed an association in the univariate analysis or with biological plausibility of association with the primary endpoint, only the presence of EPSM and LVEF were independent predictors of mortality in one year: HR 20.48 (2.75 &#8211; 52.29); p=0.003 and HR 0.97 (0.93 &#8211; 0.99); p=0.047, respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Comparison of baseline characteristics of surviving individuals and those who died in the first year after implantation</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="25%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">Survivors</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">Deaths</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">167 (80.3%)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">41 (19.7%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Male; n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">112 (67.1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">31 (75.6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.349</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Age, average (&#177;SD)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">57 (&#177;12)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">62 (&#177; 12)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.040</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Chagas cardiomyopathy, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">86 (51.5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">21 (51.2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.999</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Ischemic cardiomyopathy, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">40 (24%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">12 (29.3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.546</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Other known etiologies, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">52 (25.5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (19.2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.307</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Systemic arterial hypertension, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">123 (73.7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">30 (73.2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.999</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Diabetes, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">38 (22.8%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (34.1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.159</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Atrial fibrillation, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">37 (22.2%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">14 (34.1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.155</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Previous stroke n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">21 (12.6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">8 (19.5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.312</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Previous myocardial infarction, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">47 (28.1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">19 (46.3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.038</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Chronic kidney disease, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (15.1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">10 (24.4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.247</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">LVEF %, mean (&#177; SD)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">32.8 (&#177; 9.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">28.9 (&#177; 8.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.013</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">NYHA III, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">64 (38.3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">26 (63.4%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.005</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">MAGGIC score (% risk in 1 year), mean (&#177; SD)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">14.4 (&#177; 9.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">22.2 (&#177; 13.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Socioeconomic vulnerability, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">70 (41.9%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">32 (78.0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt;0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Self-care deficit, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">59 (35.3%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (58.5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.008</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Poor pharmacological adherence, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">31 (18.6%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">16 (39.0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.011</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Mood disorders, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">58 (34.7%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (58.5%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.007</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">CRP in VF/VT</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">57 (34,1%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">16 (39.0%)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.586</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN5">
              <p>LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association. Mood disorders: anxiety and/or depression; Self-care deficit: Self-care &lt; 70 points; Low pharmacological adherence: Morisky &lt; 6 points.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Univariate and multivariate analysis of mortality less than one year after ICD implantation</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="20%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">Analysis</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">p</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">Analysis</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">p</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Univariate</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Multivariate</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">RR (95% CI)</td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">HR (95% CI)</td>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Presence of EPSM</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.44 (1.29 &#8211; 1.61)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt; 0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">20.48 (2.75 &#8211; 52.29)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">LVEF</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.96 (0.95 &#8211; 0.97)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.97 (0.93 &#8211; 0.99)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.047</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Chagas disease</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.01 (0.51 &#8211; 2.00)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.999</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.12 (0.52 &#8211; 2.40)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.773</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">NYHA III</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2.27 (1.28 &#8211; 4.03)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.005</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.99 (0.51 &#8211; 1.94)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.978</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC;">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Age</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.98 (0.98 &#8211; 0.99)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt;0.001</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.01 (0.98 &#8211; 1.04)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.423</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Previous AMI</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.86 (1.08 &#8211; 3.19)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.038</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.86 (0.85 &#8211; 4.05)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.120</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN6">
              <p>EPSM: economic and psychosocial markers; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; AMI: acute myocardial infarction.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Psychosocial and socioeconomic factors were independently associated with higher mortality in the population of patients with HF undergoing ICD implantation for secondary prevention of sudden death. This demonstrates that alongside the clinical frailty caused by the disease, those with low pharmacological adherence, self-care deficits, socioeconomic vulnerability and mood disorders, EPSM, are more likely to die early.</p>
        <p>Few studies in the literature have explored the correlation between psychological and socioeconomic factors and the prognosis of individuals with HF or those considered for high-cost CIED implantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The strategy for assessing candidates for CIED implantation, or at least its structured approach to decision-making, is groundbreaking in Brazil and unprecedented globally for CIED cases. Thus, the MDT was essential for identifying important predictors that were determinants of mortality within our 12-month follow-up period. A similar model is implemented at a hospital in the United Kingdom, where 80% of cancer treatments are determined following consultations involving professionals from diverse health disciplines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The association between early mortality and EPSM likely arises from various mechanisms, notably patients&#8217; limited understanding of disease progression, lack of autonomy or self-care capability, and challenges in medication adherence compounded by difficulties accessing healthcare resources.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Deficits in self-care involve inadequate management practices and proactive measures regarding fluid and salt intake reduction, irregular medication use, smoking cessation, pneumonia and influenza vaccination, and systematic weight monitoring. Studies indicate that self-care practices are often inadequate among HF patients, influenced by sociodemographic, economic, cultural, educational, and etiological factors, and varying among different nationalities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p>It is estimated that around 60% of patients with HF have some degree of anxiety and/or depression, with only one-third of them being diagnosed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> These patients have high rates of rehospitalization and early mortality, in addition to experiencing feelings, sensations, and events that affect their quality of life, such as difficulties adapting to the device, greater chances of infection, and inappropriate shocks.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Our rate of patients identified with mood disorders was 39.8%, and they had an impact on mortality (p=0.012).</p>
        <p>The rates of patients with inappropriate or non-systematic use of medications range from 30-60%. It is a multifactorial problem associated with polypharmacy, socioeconomic difficulties, intolerance, and access to drugs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A study with 557 patients evaluated the impact of medication adherence in patients with HF, one of the endpoints being death from any cause. After 1.1 years of follow-up, mortality was 28.5%, and those with low adherence were associated with mortality alone and with a two-fold increased risk of death, p&lt;0.001.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> In our sample, despite being the marker with the lowest prevalence &#8211; 47/208 (22.5%), it was associated with mortality in the first year of the implant (p=0.011).</p>
        <p>A relevant finding was the high prevalence of individuals with cardiomyopathy due to Chagas Disease. This fact could be related to a population with greater psychosocial vulnerability. However, the diagnosis of Chagas cardiomyopathy was not associated with higher mortality in the univariate or multivariate analysis. Therefore, this study raises the hypothesis whether the increased morbidity and mortality rates associated with cardiopathy due to Chagas Disease stems from a biological factor linked to infection and its mechanisms of myocardial damage, or if it reflects the poorer psychosocial conditions faced by these individuals since Chagas Disease predominates in low-income populations with inadequate sanitary conditions due to its mode of transmission.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The one-year mortality estimated by the Maggic score was approximately 15%; however, the observed mortality during this period was 25%. Conversely, no deaths occurred within the one-year period among individuals without unfavorable economic and social markers. Thus, the elevated mortality rate in this population may be attributed to the impact of these markers, prevalent among those reliant on the public health system, where such markers are more prevalent. A study by Yusuf et al. indicates that socioeconomic factors exert a greater influence on the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases as socioeconomic status declines in the population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Limitations of the study include its single-center nature and the inclusion of a population with a high prevalence of unfavorable socioeconomic markers. However, this population is typically served by a reference service of the unified health system.</p>
        <p>Therefore, we demonstrate that both psychosocial and socioeconomic factors are interconnected and have a significant impact comparable to factors directly related to the biology of the disease. Consequently, it is important to emphasize the need to conduct a multidisciplinary assessment focused on identifying other potentially modifiable issues, such as psychological disorders, deficits in self-care, and medication adherence, prior to ICD implantation, particularly in public health systems facing resource constraints. In addition, it is important to invest in factors not directly related to health, but which impact the endpoints of health policies.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The presence of unfavorable psychosocial and economic factors among individuals with HF undergoing ICD implantation for secondary prophylaxis against sudden death was associated with increased mortality within the first year, indicating implants considered inappropriate by current guidelines.</p>
        <p>Therefore, the inclusion of a MDT in the evaluation and discussions of the Device Team should be prioritized.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by William Neves de Carvalho, from Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Medicina e Sa&#250;de da Universidade Federal da Bahia.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Ana Nery under the protocol number 1.421.936. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
