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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">3tWbvYvhHTSDRxHdctMmTBd</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000900208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240629</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00208</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Dispositivos Card&#237;acos Eletr&#244;nicos Implant&#225;veis em Chag&#225;sicos e N&#227;o-Chag&#225;sicos: Um Olhar Cr&#237;tico sobre o Progn&#243;stico</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2612-8040</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Fernanda Almeida Andrade</bold> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-00</postal-code>, Jardim Paulista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>aandradefernanda@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240629</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a de Chagas</kwd>
        <kwd>Marca-Passo Artificial</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia de Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Dilatada</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a de Chagas tem como uma de suas principais complica&#231;&#245;es o acometimento do sistema cardiovascular, causando les&#227;o cr&#244;nica ao mioc&#225;rdio e ao sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o intracard&#237;aco, al&#233;m de arritmias e morte s&#250;bita; ela foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1909 e continua sendo um desafio de sa&#250;de na Am&#233;rica do Sul acometendo cerca de 8 milh&#245;es de pessoas, contudo n&#227;o est&#225; mais confinada ao nosso territ&#243;rio, com casos emergindo nos EUA, Europa, Canad&#225;, Austr&#225;lia e Jap&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Quando se compara a cardiomiopatia chag&#225;sica (CCh) com outras etiologias de cardiomiopatia dilatada, os dados revelam um progn&#243;stico mais reservado e maior morbidade e mortalidade dos pacientes afetados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No Brasil, onde a doen&#231;a de Chagas ainda representa um problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica relevante, muitos pacientes com CCh s&#227;o submetidos ao implante de dispositivos eletr&#244;nicos card&#237;acos, como marca-passos (MP) e ressincronizadores card&#237;acos (TRC).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A presen&#231;a de cicatrizes mioc&#225;rdicas e o envolvimento do sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o s&#227;o caracter&#237;sticas bem descritas dessa cardiopatia, justificando o implante de dispositivos como o MP para controle de bradiarritmias ou o TRC para insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada. Apesar do avan&#231;o no tratamento dessas condi&#231;&#245;es, existem lacunas sobre o impacto a longo prazo desses dispositivos em pacientes chag&#225;sicos <italic>versus</italic> n&#227;o chag&#225;sicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Historicamente, os pacientes com CCh apresentam pior progn&#243;stico em compara&#231;&#227;o a outras cardiomiopatias dilatadas. Estudos anteriores associaram a CCh a uma maior mortalidade devido &#224; progress&#227;o da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, arritmias graves e morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca (respons&#225;vel por 55 a 65% das mortes nesses pacientes).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> No entanto, recentemente, um estudo de coorte<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> apresentou dados que desafiam o paradigma vigente, mostrando que a presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a de Chagas (23,4%) n&#227;o foi um fator preditivo de maior mortalidade (HR: 1,14, IC: 95%, 0,86-1,51, p=0,365) ou hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es (HR: 0,79, IC: 95%, 0,61-1,04, p=0,09).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Fatores que podem explicar os resultados</title>
      <p>Uma poss&#237;vel explica&#231;&#227;o para a aus&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;a significativa no progn&#243;stico entre pacientes chag&#225;sicos e n&#227;o chag&#225;sicos pode estar relacionada &#224; melhoria na gest&#227;o cl&#237;nica e na estrutura&#231;&#227;o dos cuidados de sa&#250;de para essa popula&#231;&#227;o ao longo dos &#250;ltimos anos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> O estudo foi conduzido em um centro terci&#225;rio de refer&#234;ncia, com prov&#225;vel acesso &#224; tecnologia de ponta e acompanhamento especializado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Programas de seguimento ambulatorial especializado e ades&#227;o aos tratamentos recomendados podem ter reduzido as disparidades de desfechos entre os dois grupos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Al&#233;m disso, o estudo analisou dados de pacientes ao longo de tr&#234;s eras diferentes, o que permitiu a avalia&#231;&#227;o de poss&#237;veis mudan&#231;as ao longo do tempo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O fato de n&#227;o haver diferen&#231;as de mortalidade entre chag&#225;sicos e n&#227;o chag&#225;sicos em cada uma dessas eras refor&#231;a a ideia de que o progresso no tratamento, tanto cl&#237;nico quanto cir&#250;rgico, pode ter dilu&#237;do o impacto progn&#243;stico adverso previamente atribu&#237;do &#224; CCh.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Outro ponto a ser considerado &#233; o perfil dos pacientes inclu&#237;dos, embora a idade m&#233;dia dos pacientes chag&#225;sicos tenha sido inferior &#224; dos n&#227;o chag&#225;sicos no momento do implante (65 <italic>vs.</italic> 69 anos, respectivamente), a mortalidade ajustada por idade n&#227;o mostrou diferen&#231;a significativa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Esse achado sugere que o manejo terap&#234;utico adequado, independentemente da etiologia subjacente da cardiopatia, pode ser um fator de maior influ&#234;ncia sobre os desfechos do que a pr&#243;pria etiologia em si.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es e perspectivas futuras</title>
      <p>Esse contraste entre os trabalhos pode ser explicado por diferentes desenhos de estudo, popula&#231;&#245;es investigadas e melhorias nos cuidados ao longo do tempo, principalmente com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; terapia medicamentosa de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Estudos realizados em contextos de menor acesso a cuidados de sa&#250;de especializados ou em fases anteriores da evolu&#231;&#227;o tecnol&#243;gica dos dispositivos card&#237;acos podem ter mostrado desfechos mais adversos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> No estudo de Vasconcelos et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> &#233; not&#225;vel que uma pequena propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes chag&#225;sicos recebeu dispositivos de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o (3,3%), enquanto essa propor&#231;&#227;o foi muito maior entre os n&#227;o chag&#225;sicos (18,1%), o que pode refletir uma menor indica&#231;&#227;o de TRC para chag&#225;sicos devido a fatores como menor resposta &#224; terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A alta incid&#234;ncia de arritmias ventriculares e morte s&#250;bita s&#227;o caracter&#237;sticas distintivas da CCh, como relatado por Vasconcelos et al., que observaram pior evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica em pacientes chag&#225;sicos com MP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Da mesma forma, a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada, que responde por uma grande parcela dos &#243;bitos em pacientes com CCh, &#233; outro fator que frequentemente piora o progn&#243;stico em compara&#231;&#227;o a outras cardiomiopatias dilatadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, Martinelli Filho et al. mostrou que pacientes com CCh submetidos a TRC t&#234;m pior progn&#243;stico em compara&#231;&#227;o aos pacientes tratados com TRC com cardiomiopatia dilatada por outras causas; este &#233; um estudo importante com a maior s&#233;rie publicada descrevendo pacientes com CCh tratados com TRC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A cr&#237;tica deve existir a respeito da exist&#234;ncia de limita&#231;&#245;es que podem influenciar nos resultados, como a qualidade dos dados registrados nos prontu&#225;rios eletr&#244;nicos (o que pode n&#227;o capturar completamente as nuances cl&#237;nicas de cada caso), terapia medicamentosa utilizada, a quantidade de fibrose correlacionada &#224; regi&#227;o onde o eletrodo do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo est&#225; posicionado, e ades&#227;o ao tratamento pelos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Outra limita&#231;&#227;o relevante foi a exclus&#227;o dos pacientes com cardiodesfibrilador implant&#225;vel isolado, dispositivo frequentemente implantado em pacientes com maior risco de arritmias graves e morte s&#250;bita. Embora essa exclus&#227;o tenha sido feita para reduzir vieses, ela tamb&#233;m limita a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos resultados para a popula&#231;&#227;o total de pacientes com dispositivos eletr&#244;nicos card&#237;acos implant&#225;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>De toda forma, esses achados s&#227;o encorajadores e refor&#231;am a import&#226;ncia de uma gest&#227;o cl&#237;nica eficiente, que pode mitigar as diferen&#231;as progn&#243;sticas associadas &#224; etiologia das cardiomiopatias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Contudo, &#233; crucial continuar investigando essa popula&#231;&#227;o em diferentes contextos e com m&#233;todos prospectivos com maior detalhamento das caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas, laboratoriais e terap&#234;uticas das popula&#231;&#245;es estudadas para validar esses achados e, eventualmente, redefinir o manejo desses pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Progn&#243;stico de Pacientes Chag&#225;sicos e n&#227;o Chag&#225;sicos Submetidos a Implante de Marca-passo e Ressincronizador Card&#237;aco em Centro Terci&#225;rio</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240629i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Chagasic and Non-Chagasic Patients: A Critical Look at the Prognosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2612-8040</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Fernanda Almeida Andrade</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo - Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-00</postal-code>, Jardim Paulista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>aandradefernanda@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Chagas Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Artificial Pacemaker</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Dilated Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Chagas disease has as one of the main complications of Chagas disease is the involvement of the cardiovascular system, causing chronic damage to the myocardium and intracardiac conduction system, as well as arrhythmias and sudden death. It was first described in 1909 and continues to be a health challenge in South America, affecting around 8 million people. However, it is no longer confined to our territory, with cases emerging in the USA, Europe, Canada, Australia, and Japan.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> When comparing Chagas cardiomyopathy (ChC) with other etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy, data reveal a more reserved prognosis and greater morbidity and mortality in affected patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In Brazil, where Chagas disease still represents a relevant public health problem, many patients with ChC undergo the implantation of electronic cardiac devices, such as pacemakers (PM) and cardiac resynchronization devices (CRD).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The presence of myocardial scarring and involvement of the conduction system are well-described characteristics of this cardiopathy, justifying the implantation of devices such as PM to control bradyarrhythmias or CRD for advanced heart failure. Despite advances in the treatment of these conditions, there are gaps regarding the long-term impact of these devices in Chagasic <italic>versus</italic> non-Chagasic patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Historically, patients with ChC have a worse prognosis compared with other dilated cardiomyopathies. Previous studies have associated ChC with increased mortality due to the progression of heart failure, serious arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death (accounting for 55 to 65% of deaths in these patients).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> However, a recent cohort study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> presented data that challenged the current paradigm, showing that the presence of Chagas disease (23.4%) was not a predictor of increased mortality (HR: 1.14, 95% CI, 0.86-1.51, p=0.365) or hospitalizations (HR: 0.79, 95% CI, 0.61-1.04, p=0.09).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Factors that may explain the results</title>
        <p>One possible explanation for the lack of significant difference in prognosis between patients with and without Chagas disease may be related to improvements in clinical management and the structuring of health care for this population over the past few years.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> The study was conducted in a tertiary referral center, with likely access to cutting-edge technology and specialized monitoring.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Specialized outpatient follow-up programs and adherence to recommended treatments may have reduced the disparities in outcomes between the two groups.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Furthermore, the study analyzed patient data across three different eras, which allowed for the assessment of possible changes over time.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The fact that there were no differences in mortality between chagasic and non-chagasic patients in each of these eras reinforces the idea that progress in treatment, both clinical and surgical, may have diluted the adverse prognostic impact previously attributed to ChC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Another point to be considered is the profile of the patients iincluded, although the mean age of chagasic patients was lower than that of non-chagasic patients at the time of implantation (65 <italic>vs.</italic> 69 years, respectively), age-adjusted mortality showed no significant difference.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This finding suggests that appropriate therapeutic management, regardless of the underlying etiology of the heart disease, maybe a factor with greater influence on outcomes than the etiology itself.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Limitations and future perspectives</title>
        <p>Different study designs can explain this contrast between studies, populations investigated, and improvements in care over time (especially with regard to drug therapy for heart failure).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Studies conducted in contexts with less access to specialized health care or in earlier phases of the technological evolution of cardiac devices may have shown more adverse outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> In the study by Vasconcelos et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> it is notable that a small proportion of chagasic patients received resynchronization devices (3.3%), while this proportion was much higher among non-chagasic patients (18.1%), this may reflect a lower indication of CRD for chagasic patients due to factors such as lower response to resynchronization therapy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The high incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death are distinctive features of ChC, as reported by Vasconcelos et al., who observed worse clinical outcomes in Chagas disease patients with PM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Similarly, advanced heart failure, which accounts for a large proportion of deaths in patients with ChC, is another factor that often worsens the prognosis compared with other dilated cardiomyopathies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Moreover, Martinelli Filho et al. showed that patients with CCh who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) have a worse prognosis compared to patients treated with CRT for dilated cardiomyopathy from other causes; this is an important study with the largest published series describing patients with CCh treated with CRT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Criticism should be given to the existence of limitations that may influence the results, such as the quality of the data recorded in the electronic medical records (which may not fully capture the clinical nuances of each case), drug therapy used, and patient adherence to treatment, the amount of fibrosis related to the area where the left ventricular electrode is positioned, and patient adherence to treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Another relevant limitation was the exclusion of patients with an isolated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, a device frequently implanted in patients at higher risk of serious arrhythmias and sudden death. Although this exclusion was made to reduce bias, it also limits the generalization of the results to the total population of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In any case, these findings are encouraging and reinforce the importance of efficient clinical management, which can mitigate the prognostic differences associated with the etiology of cardiomyopathies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> However, it is crucial to continue investigating this population in different contexts and with prospective methods with greater detail of the clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic characteristics of the studied populations to validate these findings and, eventually, redefine the management of these patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Prognostic Evaluation of Chagasic and Non-Chagasic Patients Undergoing Pacemaker Implantation and Cardiac Resynchronization in a Tertiary Center</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
